CA2049788A1 - Pulsating combustion device - Google Patents
Pulsating combustion deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA2049788A1 CA2049788A1 CA 2049788 CA2049788A CA2049788A1 CA 2049788 A1 CA2049788 A1 CA 2049788A1 CA 2049788 CA2049788 CA 2049788 CA 2049788 A CA2049788 A CA 2049788A CA 2049788 A1 CA2049788 A1 CA 2049788A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- exhaust
- combustion
- pulsating
- combustion chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C15/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
- F24H1/205—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes with furnace tubes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A water or fluid-cooled device consists of a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section, similar to the tubes in a boiler. The tubes are connected to an elongate combustion chamber into which a combustible mixture is aspirated via one or a series a non-return valves. The fuel is initially ignited, and subsequently follows the conventional pattern for pulsating combustion. This pulsating combustion burner can be used as an instrument for making a series of shockwaves at a frequency of oscillation between 200 and 2000 Hz, and thus can be used in the conditioning of fine dust particles by agglomerating them. An alternate use is that of a burner for a boiler or a space heater, where suitable action is taken to silence the exhaust noise, and where the scrubbing action of the generated shockwaves inside the exhaust tubes improves the heat transfer to the surrounding medium by minimizing the laminar surface film or "stagnant layer" inside and outside the exhaust tubes.
A water or fluid-cooled device consists of a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section, similar to the tubes in a boiler. The tubes are connected to an elongate combustion chamber into which a combustible mixture is aspirated via one or a series a non-return valves. The fuel is initially ignited, and subsequently follows the conventional pattern for pulsating combustion. This pulsating combustion burner can be used as an instrument for making a series of shockwaves at a frequency of oscillation between 200 and 2000 Hz, and thus can be used in the conditioning of fine dust particles by agglomerating them. An alternate use is that of a burner for a boiler or a space heater, where suitable action is taken to silence the exhaust noise, and where the scrubbing action of the generated shockwaves inside the exhaust tubes improves the heat transfer to the surrounding medium by minimizing the laminar surface film or "stagnant layer" inside and outside the exhaust tubes.
Description
~0~97~3~
IMPROVED PIJLSATING COMBUSTION DEVICE:
This invention relates to the principle of pulsating combustion and is specifically related to the use of high frequencies and a split exhaust system, whereby the exhaust system i~3 spread over a wider area than in the conventional single tube linear pulse combustor. When used as a burner thesP tubes have a large surface area and,due to the sweeping action o~ the shock waves, a better heat transfer can be obtained than is possible in a standard fire tube boiler system. When used as a generator of vibratory shock waves this device is of use to match these shock waves into a large exhaust duct through which the du~t i5 ~lowing, thereby coagulating the dust to enhance its removal.
BAC~GROUND OF THIS INVENTION
Linear pulsating combustion devices have been known for many years. These units have been tubular in shape and have been used for propulsion, the V-l roaket of Norld War II being an infamous example. They have been used also for heating purposes. The LENNOXTM domestic burner using natural gas is a typically North ~merican example. All these units have, in common, a single exhaust tube, the length of which determines the frequency of operation. The LENNOX~M burner ~or instance has a long exhaust pipe bent like a trombone which has a frequency of about 50Hz. This frequency has a long wavelength and therefore khe noise is dif~icult to suppress in a dome~tic environment. If that unit were scaled down in length so that the frequency of operation became higher, then the entire unit would be too small to operate ef~ectively as a domestic burner.
G~RAL DESCRIPTION OF T~E INVENTION
The unit that is the subject o~ this invention is comparatively short in length but has an elongated combustion chamber and multiple exhaust tubes. This 2 ~:0~97~38 configuration enables the frequency to be kept hiyh while maintaining the fuel input at an acceptable level.
More particularly, this invention provides the combination of means defining a container for fluid with at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit comprising:
a) a plurality of exhaust tubes o~ uniform cross-section, the tubes being of a material and wall thickness which allows heat energy within said tube~ to be rapidly transferred to a fluid outside of the tubes, the tubes being situated such that substantially all o~
the outer surface of each tube is in conta t with fluid in said container;
b) an elongate combustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes, the chamber being situated such that substantially all of its outer surface is in contact with fluid in said container;
c) inlet means for admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber;
d) ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture to initiate pulsating combustion; and e) collection means for removing exhaust gases from said exhaust tubes.
Further, this invention provides a method of heating a fluid in a container, comprising the steps:
a) providing at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit including a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section, the tubes being o~ a material and wall thickness which allow heat energy within said tubes to be rapidly transferred to a fluid outside of the tubes; an elongate combustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes; inlet means for admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber; and ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture;
b) placing the unit within the container such that substantially the entirety of the external surfaces of the tubes and of the combustion chamber are in contact with the fluid; and c) admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber and ignit:ing the mixture to initiate pulsating combustion and eje!ct hot gases through the exhaust tubes, whereby agitation of the hot gases in the exhaust tubes due to the pul.sating shocX waves produced by the pulsating combustion enhances heat trans~er to and through the exhaust tube walls and into the fluid.
Finally, this invention provides a method v~
enhancing the collection of dust or aerosol ~rom gas flowing through an exhaust duct, comprising the steps:
a) providing at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit including a plurality o~ exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section; an elongate comhustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes; inlet means for admitting a combustible ~uel mixture to the combustisn chamber; and ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture;
b) placing the unit within the exhaust duct; and c) admitting a combustible ~uel mixture to the combustion chamber and igniting the mixture to initiate pulsating combustion and eject hot gases through the exhaust tubes, whereby agitation of the hot gases in the exhaust tubes due to the pulsating shock waves produced by the pulsating combustion is transferred to the gas in the exhaust duct, thereby coagulating the dust or aerosol to improve collection.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TEIE DRAWINGS
Two embodiments o~ this invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals denote like parts throughout the several views, and in which:
7~38 Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a pulsating combustion unit constructed in accordance with this invention, taken along khe line 1-1 in Figure 2, Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of the unit shown in Figure I, taken along the line 2-2 in Figure 1;
Figures 3, ~, 5, 6, 7, 3 and 9 are horizontal sectional views taken at the lines 3-3, 4-4, 5-5, 6-6, 7-7, 8-8, and 9-9 in Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 10 is a schematic plan view of a dusk conditioning system utilizing the unit of thi~
invention;
Figure 11 is a schematic vertical sectional view o~
one embodiment of this invention showing the use o~ a plurality of units with separate containers; and Figure 12 is a schematic vertical sectional view similar to Figure 11, but showing the use of a plurality of units within a common container.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Attention is now directed to Figures 1 and 2, which show respectively the side and front elevations of a pulsating combustion unit 10 constructed in accordance with this invention. The combustion unit 10 includes a plurality of exhaust tubes 16 with substantially uniform cross-section throughout their length. The tubes may typically be circular, square or elliptical in cross-section. The tubes 16 are preferably made ~rom a material and have a thickness such as to allow rapid transfer of heat energy from the interior of each tube 16 to a fluid surrounding the tube. Suitable materials for the tubes 16 would be aluminum, copper and stainless steel.
The fluid in which the tubes 16 are immersed may be either a liquid or a gas. In Figures 1 and 2 there is schematically drawn a container 16a having a fluid outlet 16b and a fluid inlet 16c. A common combustion chamber 11 receives a combustible mixture through s ~ 788 suitable transfer ports in a mixing chamber 13, which in turn receives a combustible mixture from a chamber 17 through mechanical valves 17a (see Figure 4). The valves 17a allow the combustible mixture to enter the S combustion chamber 11 (after traversing chambers 13), but substantially prevent the products of combustion from leaving the combustion chamber 11 other than through the exhaust tubes 16 and subsequently into exhaust outlet 12.
It will be noted that the outlet 12 is coaxial with and communicates with a conical chamber 50 defined by a frusto-conical wall 52 having an annular, outwardly projecting flange 54. The Elange 54 lies against and is secured to an inwardly directed ~lanqe 56 at the bottom of the substantially cylindrical container 16a. These two flanges 54 and 56 may be secured together by any suitable means, for example bolts or other fasteners. A
gasket may be provided between the flanges.
The tubes 16 extend downwardly in a parallel manner, and the bottom ends thereof are welded to an oval flange 58 which rests against the inner upper corner of the flange 56 of the container 16a. Pressure between the plate 58 and the flange 56 prevents communication between the conical chamber 50 and the space within the container 16a, thus keeping the water separated from the combustion gases.
At the top of Figures 1 and 2, the numeral 40 designates a ~uel plenum which receives ~uel through two inlet pipes 42, and which distributes the fuel to a plurality of fuel needles 44 that are spaced above corresponding, over-sized openings at the top of the chamber 17, shown in broken lines at 45 in Figure 3.
The needles 44 produce jets of gaseous fuel which entrain air as they enter the chamber 17.
Although Figure 4 shows mechanical valves 17a, it ~g~
will be understood that aerodynamic val~es could be used in place of the mechanical valves.
Also included is a means for igniting the fuel mixture initially in the combustion chamber 11, this means being schematically illustrated as a spark plug 46.
The embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 includes sixty-four exhaust tubes 16, however it will be understood that the actual number of tubes could vary in accordance with various design constraints.
Figures 3 through 9 ar~e cross-sectional drawings taken through the section lines 3-3 through 9-9, respectively, in Figures 1 and 2.
In Figure 3 there is shown the plenum 40, along with the needles 44.
Figure 4 shows the mechanical valves 17a and is taken through the location where the ~uel and the entrained air are initially mixed.
Figure 5 shows the mixing chamber transfer ports 49.
Figure 6 is taken through the combustion chamber 11 .
Figure 7 is taken at the location of transition from the combustion chamber 11 to the tubes 16.
Figure 8 shows the exhaust tubes 16.
Figure 9 is taken through the plate stabilizing the lower ends of the exhaust tubes 16.
Figure 10 is a schematic drawing showning a dust conditioning duct 21 through which dust-laden air or gas 30 flows. At a bend in the duct 21, one or a plurality of pulsating combus ion units 24 are placed. Fuel is fed at 32 to the unit or units. The shockwaves produced by the pulsating combustion units condition the dust by substantially agglomerating the fine dust particles so that they can be dealt with more efficiently in a collector 28, which may be a venturi scrubber, an 7 ~Y~4~
electrostatic collector, or a similar device. Energy i8 saved in view of the fact that larger dust particles take substantially less energy to collect than do small particles.
Figures 11 and 12 indicate the use of the pulsating com~ustion unit as a boiler or heater of a fluid in two different configurations. Figure 11 shows a plurality of containers 34 each containing a pulsating combustion unit, and each unit containing a means for supplying fuel 32, whether by mechanic:al or aerodynamic valving.
Further, each separate container has a separate fluid inlet 38 and a separate fluid outlet 40. Figure 12 is substantially the same as Figure 11, except for the single container 36 which has a single inlet 38a, a sing}e outlet 40a, and a plurality of pulsating combustion units incorporated into it.
Test Results from a Device Using Natural Gas and Water Coolinq A test unit designed substantially as seen in Figures 1 and 2 was assembled for test purpose~. This unit was an effective hot water heater and used natural gas as fuel and water as the coolant. The overall size of the burner was 16.5 inches long, 7.5 inches broad and 2.5 inches wide not including the water jacket. This 25 size was nominally rated at 50,000 B.T.U/Hr. with 7 inches water column gas pressure.
Preliminary tests with gas pressure at 6 psig. and a gas flow at a nominal 80 Cfh. using a teflon laminated mesh flap valve, 0.008 inches thickness, gave the following results:
Over a typical 100 seconds of operation the temperature of the cooling water, both incoming and outgoing, was taken every five seconds by means of temperature sensors, and was ~ed into a computer. The average energy in the water, flowing at 2.0 U.S. gpm., was calculated to be 76,896 B.T.u./~r. representing an 2~g~7~
approximate efficiency of 96%. The burner was run for about one hour and the results were substantially the same throughout that time. The exhaust gas temperature at the point of exit ~rom the exhaust tubes 12 varied between 170 and 180F.
While several embodiments of this invention have been illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described hereinabove, it w.ill be evident to thoæe skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the essence of this invention, as set forth in the appended claims.
IMPROVED PIJLSATING COMBUSTION DEVICE:
This invention relates to the principle of pulsating combustion and is specifically related to the use of high frequencies and a split exhaust system, whereby the exhaust system i~3 spread over a wider area than in the conventional single tube linear pulse combustor. When used as a burner thesP tubes have a large surface area and,due to the sweeping action o~ the shock waves, a better heat transfer can be obtained than is possible in a standard fire tube boiler system. When used as a generator of vibratory shock waves this device is of use to match these shock waves into a large exhaust duct through which the du~t i5 ~lowing, thereby coagulating the dust to enhance its removal.
BAC~GROUND OF THIS INVENTION
Linear pulsating combustion devices have been known for many years. These units have been tubular in shape and have been used for propulsion, the V-l roaket of Norld War II being an infamous example. They have been used also for heating purposes. The LENNOXTM domestic burner using natural gas is a typically North ~merican example. All these units have, in common, a single exhaust tube, the length of which determines the frequency of operation. The LENNOX~M burner ~or instance has a long exhaust pipe bent like a trombone which has a frequency of about 50Hz. This frequency has a long wavelength and therefore khe noise is dif~icult to suppress in a dome~tic environment. If that unit were scaled down in length so that the frequency of operation became higher, then the entire unit would be too small to operate ef~ectively as a domestic burner.
G~RAL DESCRIPTION OF T~E INVENTION
The unit that is the subject o~ this invention is comparatively short in length but has an elongated combustion chamber and multiple exhaust tubes. This 2 ~:0~97~38 configuration enables the frequency to be kept hiyh while maintaining the fuel input at an acceptable level.
More particularly, this invention provides the combination of means defining a container for fluid with at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit comprising:
a) a plurality of exhaust tubes o~ uniform cross-section, the tubes being of a material and wall thickness which allows heat energy within said tube~ to be rapidly transferred to a fluid outside of the tubes, the tubes being situated such that substantially all o~
the outer surface of each tube is in conta t with fluid in said container;
b) an elongate combustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes, the chamber being situated such that substantially all of its outer surface is in contact with fluid in said container;
c) inlet means for admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber;
d) ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture to initiate pulsating combustion; and e) collection means for removing exhaust gases from said exhaust tubes.
Further, this invention provides a method of heating a fluid in a container, comprising the steps:
a) providing at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit including a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section, the tubes being o~ a material and wall thickness which allow heat energy within said tubes to be rapidly transferred to a fluid outside of the tubes; an elongate combustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes; inlet means for admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber; and ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture;
b) placing the unit within the container such that substantially the entirety of the external surfaces of the tubes and of the combustion chamber are in contact with the fluid; and c) admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber and ignit:ing the mixture to initiate pulsating combustion and eje!ct hot gases through the exhaust tubes, whereby agitation of the hot gases in the exhaust tubes due to the pul.sating shocX waves produced by the pulsating combustion enhances heat trans~er to and through the exhaust tube walls and into the fluid.
Finally, this invention provides a method v~
enhancing the collection of dust or aerosol ~rom gas flowing through an exhaust duct, comprising the steps:
a) providing at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit including a plurality o~ exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section; an elongate comhustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes; inlet means for admitting a combustible ~uel mixture to the combustisn chamber; and ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture;
b) placing the unit within the exhaust duct; and c) admitting a combustible ~uel mixture to the combustion chamber and igniting the mixture to initiate pulsating combustion and eject hot gases through the exhaust tubes, whereby agitation of the hot gases in the exhaust tubes due to the pulsating shock waves produced by the pulsating combustion is transferred to the gas in the exhaust duct, thereby coagulating the dust or aerosol to improve collection.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TEIE DRAWINGS
Two embodiments o~ this invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals denote like parts throughout the several views, and in which:
7~38 Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a pulsating combustion unit constructed in accordance with this invention, taken along khe line 1-1 in Figure 2, Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of the unit shown in Figure I, taken along the line 2-2 in Figure 1;
Figures 3, ~, 5, 6, 7, 3 and 9 are horizontal sectional views taken at the lines 3-3, 4-4, 5-5, 6-6, 7-7, 8-8, and 9-9 in Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 10 is a schematic plan view of a dusk conditioning system utilizing the unit of thi~
invention;
Figure 11 is a schematic vertical sectional view o~
one embodiment of this invention showing the use o~ a plurality of units with separate containers; and Figure 12 is a schematic vertical sectional view similar to Figure 11, but showing the use of a plurality of units within a common container.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Attention is now directed to Figures 1 and 2, which show respectively the side and front elevations of a pulsating combustion unit 10 constructed in accordance with this invention. The combustion unit 10 includes a plurality of exhaust tubes 16 with substantially uniform cross-section throughout their length. The tubes may typically be circular, square or elliptical in cross-section. The tubes 16 are preferably made ~rom a material and have a thickness such as to allow rapid transfer of heat energy from the interior of each tube 16 to a fluid surrounding the tube. Suitable materials for the tubes 16 would be aluminum, copper and stainless steel.
The fluid in which the tubes 16 are immersed may be either a liquid or a gas. In Figures 1 and 2 there is schematically drawn a container 16a having a fluid outlet 16b and a fluid inlet 16c. A common combustion chamber 11 receives a combustible mixture through s ~ 788 suitable transfer ports in a mixing chamber 13, which in turn receives a combustible mixture from a chamber 17 through mechanical valves 17a (see Figure 4). The valves 17a allow the combustible mixture to enter the S combustion chamber 11 (after traversing chambers 13), but substantially prevent the products of combustion from leaving the combustion chamber 11 other than through the exhaust tubes 16 and subsequently into exhaust outlet 12.
It will be noted that the outlet 12 is coaxial with and communicates with a conical chamber 50 defined by a frusto-conical wall 52 having an annular, outwardly projecting flange 54. The Elange 54 lies against and is secured to an inwardly directed ~lanqe 56 at the bottom of the substantially cylindrical container 16a. These two flanges 54 and 56 may be secured together by any suitable means, for example bolts or other fasteners. A
gasket may be provided between the flanges.
The tubes 16 extend downwardly in a parallel manner, and the bottom ends thereof are welded to an oval flange 58 which rests against the inner upper corner of the flange 56 of the container 16a. Pressure between the plate 58 and the flange 56 prevents communication between the conical chamber 50 and the space within the container 16a, thus keeping the water separated from the combustion gases.
At the top of Figures 1 and 2, the numeral 40 designates a ~uel plenum which receives ~uel through two inlet pipes 42, and which distributes the fuel to a plurality of fuel needles 44 that are spaced above corresponding, over-sized openings at the top of the chamber 17, shown in broken lines at 45 in Figure 3.
The needles 44 produce jets of gaseous fuel which entrain air as they enter the chamber 17.
Although Figure 4 shows mechanical valves 17a, it ~g~
will be understood that aerodynamic val~es could be used in place of the mechanical valves.
Also included is a means for igniting the fuel mixture initially in the combustion chamber 11, this means being schematically illustrated as a spark plug 46.
The embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 includes sixty-four exhaust tubes 16, however it will be understood that the actual number of tubes could vary in accordance with various design constraints.
Figures 3 through 9 ar~e cross-sectional drawings taken through the section lines 3-3 through 9-9, respectively, in Figures 1 and 2.
In Figure 3 there is shown the plenum 40, along with the needles 44.
Figure 4 shows the mechanical valves 17a and is taken through the location where the ~uel and the entrained air are initially mixed.
Figure 5 shows the mixing chamber transfer ports 49.
Figure 6 is taken through the combustion chamber 11 .
Figure 7 is taken at the location of transition from the combustion chamber 11 to the tubes 16.
Figure 8 shows the exhaust tubes 16.
Figure 9 is taken through the plate stabilizing the lower ends of the exhaust tubes 16.
Figure 10 is a schematic drawing showning a dust conditioning duct 21 through which dust-laden air or gas 30 flows. At a bend in the duct 21, one or a plurality of pulsating combus ion units 24 are placed. Fuel is fed at 32 to the unit or units. The shockwaves produced by the pulsating combustion units condition the dust by substantially agglomerating the fine dust particles so that they can be dealt with more efficiently in a collector 28, which may be a venturi scrubber, an 7 ~Y~4~
electrostatic collector, or a similar device. Energy i8 saved in view of the fact that larger dust particles take substantially less energy to collect than do small particles.
Figures 11 and 12 indicate the use of the pulsating com~ustion unit as a boiler or heater of a fluid in two different configurations. Figure 11 shows a plurality of containers 34 each containing a pulsating combustion unit, and each unit containing a means for supplying fuel 32, whether by mechanic:al or aerodynamic valving.
Further, each separate container has a separate fluid inlet 38 and a separate fluid outlet 40. Figure 12 is substantially the same as Figure 11, except for the single container 36 which has a single inlet 38a, a sing}e outlet 40a, and a plurality of pulsating combustion units incorporated into it.
Test Results from a Device Using Natural Gas and Water Coolinq A test unit designed substantially as seen in Figures 1 and 2 was assembled for test purpose~. This unit was an effective hot water heater and used natural gas as fuel and water as the coolant. The overall size of the burner was 16.5 inches long, 7.5 inches broad and 2.5 inches wide not including the water jacket. This 25 size was nominally rated at 50,000 B.T.U/Hr. with 7 inches water column gas pressure.
Preliminary tests with gas pressure at 6 psig. and a gas flow at a nominal 80 Cfh. using a teflon laminated mesh flap valve, 0.008 inches thickness, gave the following results:
Over a typical 100 seconds of operation the temperature of the cooling water, both incoming and outgoing, was taken every five seconds by means of temperature sensors, and was ~ed into a computer. The average energy in the water, flowing at 2.0 U.S. gpm., was calculated to be 76,896 B.T.u./~r. representing an 2~g~7~
approximate efficiency of 96%. The burner was run for about one hour and the results were substantially the same throughout that time. The exhaust gas temperature at the point of exit ~rom the exhaust tubes 12 varied between 170 and 180F.
While several embodiments of this invention have been illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described hereinabove, it w.ill be evident to thoæe skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the essence of this invention, as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The combination of means defining a container for fluid with at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit comprising:
a) a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section, the tubes being of a material and wall thickness which allows heat energy within said tubes to be rapidly transferred to a fluid outside of the tubes, the tubes being situated such that substantially all of the outer surface of each tube is in contact with fluid in said container;
b) an elongate combustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes, the chamber being situated such that substantially all of its outer surface is in contact with fluid in said container;
c) inlet means for admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber;
d) ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture to initiate pulsating combustion, and e) collection means for removing exhaust gases from said exhaust tubes.
a) a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section, the tubes being of a material and wall thickness which allows heat energy within said tubes to be rapidly transferred to a fluid outside of the tubes, the tubes being situated such that substantially all of the outer surface of each tube is in contact with fluid in said container;
b) an elongate combustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes, the chamber being situated such that substantially all of its outer surface is in contact with fluid in said container;
c) inlet means for admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber;
d) ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture to initiate pulsating combustion, and e) collection means for removing exhaust gases from said exhaust tubes.
2. The combination claimed in claim 1, in which the exhaust tubes are of substantially circular cross-section.
3. The combination claimed in claim 1, in which the exhaust tubes are of substantially elliptical cross-section.
4. The combination claimed in claim 1, in which the exhaust tubes are of substantially square cross-section.
5. The combination claimed in claim 1, in which there are a plurality of said combustion units disposed in adjacent, spaced apart, substantially parallel relation within the said container, said collection means being adapted to remove exhaust gases from all exhaust tubes.
6. The combination claimed in claim 5, in which said collection means is an exhaust plenum communicating with all exhaust tubes.
7. A method of heating a fluid in a container, comprising the steps:
a) providing at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit including a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section, the tubes being of a material and wall thickness which allow heat energy within said tubes to be rapidly transferred to a fluid outside of the tubes; an elongate combustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes; inlet means for admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber; and ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture;
b) placing the unit within the container such that substantially the entirety of the external surfaces of the tubes and of the combustion chamber are in contact with the fluid; and c) admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber and igniting the mixture to initiate pulsating combustion and eject hot gases through the exhaust tubes, whereby agitation of the hot gases in the exhaust tubes due to the pulsating shock waves produced by the pulsating combustion enhances heat transfer to and through the exhaust tube walls and into the fluid.
a) providing at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit including a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section, the tubes being of a material and wall thickness which allow heat energy within said tubes to be rapidly transferred to a fluid outside of the tubes; an elongate combustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes; inlet means for admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber; and ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture;
b) placing the unit within the container such that substantially the entirety of the external surfaces of the tubes and of the combustion chamber are in contact with the fluid; and c) admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber and igniting the mixture to initiate pulsating combustion and eject hot gases through the exhaust tubes, whereby agitation of the hot gases in the exhaust tubes due to the pulsating shock waves produced by the pulsating combustion enhances heat transfer to and through the exhaust tube walls and into the fluid.
8. A method of enhancing the collection of dust or aerosol from gas flowing through an exhaust duct, comprising the steps:
a) providing at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit including a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section; an elongate combustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes; inlet means for admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber; and ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture;
b) placing the unit within the exhaust duct; and c) admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber and igniting the mixture to initiate pulsating combustion and eject hot gases through the exhaust tubes, whereby agitation of the hot gases in the exhaust tubes due to the pulsating shock waves produced by the pulsating combustion is transferred to the gas in the exhaust duct, thereby coagulating the dust or aerosol to improve collection.
a) providing at least one pulsating combustion unit, said at least one unit including a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section; an elongate combustion chamber communicating with said exhaust tubes; inlet means for admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber; and ignition means for igniting the fuel mixture;
b) placing the unit within the exhaust duct; and c) admitting a combustible fuel mixture to the combustion chamber and igniting the mixture to initiate pulsating combustion and eject hot gases through the exhaust tubes, whereby agitation of the hot gases in the exhaust tubes due to the pulsating shock waves produced by the pulsating combustion is transferred to the gas in the exhaust duct, thereby coagulating the dust or aerosol to improve collection.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2049788 CA2049788A1 (en) | 1991-08-23 | 1991-08-23 | Pulsating combustion device |
| EP92307696A EP0529988A1 (en) | 1991-08-23 | 1992-08-24 | Pulsating combustion devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2049788 CA2049788A1 (en) | 1991-08-23 | 1991-08-23 | Pulsating combustion device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2049788A1 true CA2049788A1 (en) | 1993-02-24 |
Family
ID=4148246
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2049788 Abandoned CA2049788A1 (en) | 1991-08-23 | 1991-08-23 | Pulsating combustion device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0529988A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2049788A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111609559A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-01 | 厦门帅科卫浴电器有限公司 | Novel multifunctional water outlet device |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5353721A (en) * | 1991-07-15 | 1994-10-11 | Manufacturing And Technology Conversion International | Pulse combusted acoustic agglomeration apparatus and process |
| US5638609A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1997-06-17 | Manufacturing And Technology Conversion International, Inc. | Process and apparatus for drying and heating |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1119507A (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1982-03-09 | John A. Kitchen | Pulse combustion apparatus |
| JPS57192742A (en) * | 1981-05-20 | 1982-11-26 | Toshiba Corp | Hot air room heater |
| JPS60232404A (en) * | 1984-05-02 | 1985-11-19 | Toshiba Corp | Pulsating combustion apparatus |
-
1991
- 1991-08-23 CA CA 2049788 patent/CA2049788A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1992
- 1992-08-24 EP EP92307696A patent/EP0529988A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111609559A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-01 | 厦门帅科卫浴电器有限公司 | Novel multifunctional water outlet device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0529988A1 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |