CA2044168A1 - Plaster foam with porous structure, a process for its preparation and its use - Google Patents
Plaster foam with porous structure, a process for its preparation and its useInfo
- Publication number
- CA2044168A1 CA2044168A1 CA 2044168 CA2044168A CA2044168A1 CA 2044168 A1 CA2044168 A1 CA 2044168A1 CA 2044168 CA2044168 CA 2044168 CA 2044168 A CA2044168 A CA 2044168A CA 2044168 A1 CA2044168 A1 CA 2044168A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- plaster
- weight
- gypsum
- wetting agent
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/32—Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/282—Polyurethanes; Polyisocyanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/145—Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form
- C04B28/146—Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form alpha-hemihydrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/302—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
The invention relates to a plaster foam with porous structure containing a polyurea, characterised in that it has a specific gravity in the range of from 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm3, is open celled and contains, as polyurea, the condensation product of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymers and water, and to a process for its preparation. The invention also relates to the use of the plaster foam as sound insulating material and/or heat insulating material.
The invention relates to a plaster foam with porous structure containing a polyurea, characterised in that it has a specific gravity in the range of from 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm3, is open celled and contains, as polyurea, the condensation product of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymers and water, and to a process for its preparation. The invention also relates to the use of the plaster foam as sound insulating material and/or heat insulating material.
Description
t~O~ B
D E S C R I P T I O N
This invention relates to a plaster foam having a porous structure, to a process for its preparation and to its use.
Sound and heat insulating materials play an important part in the building industry. Heat insulating materials reduce the thermal energy consumption in buildings and thus contribute to the protection of the environment by reducing the emission of fuel smoke. Sound insulating materials are used for noise abatement and building and space acoustics.
Heat insulating materials are used in the form of mats, panels or shaped products of porous and/or fibrous organic and inorganic materials having a low thermal conductivity such as coconut fibres, wood fibres, glass and mineral fibres or cork, aerated concrete or plastics foams. The sound absorbent building materials used are mainly absorbent materials of mineral fibres or other open celled foams which may be provided with a sound transmitt-ing covering for reasons of design and are fixed to foundations as non-weight bearing parts, introduced between structural parts or tied in with weight bearing constructions.
If a material is to be sound absorbent, it must have a porous structure. Fibrous materials (e.g. glass wool or rock wool) or open celled foams have such a structure. The cells of the material intercommunicate ~open celled structure) so that air can flow through them.
In an absorbent material, sound can be propagated due to the porous structure and acoustic energy is converted into thermal energy due to localized losses by friction on the 20~
fibres or boundaries of the cells.
Mineral fibres require a high expenditure of energy for melting the glass or basalt used as the starting materials. The drawn fibres are bonded 'ogether to produce the required densities and thicknesses and the adhesives used for this purpose continue to emit into the environment for a considerable time. On the other hand, the starting materials are plentifully available and inexpensive. When fibre mats are finished by cutting or grinding, they give rise to short fibre sections which get caught in the clothing and cause itching. They also cause respiratory disturbances in humans.
Plastic foams are not all ecologically harmless since numerous foams can only be foamed by means of fluorochlorohydrocarbons (FCHC) which are said to play an important part in the destruction of the ozone layer.
Plaster is a widely used material for the interiors of buildings and is partly obtained from naturally occurring substances and partly obtained in such large quantities from the desulphurisation plants (REA) of power stations that the entire annual plaster requirement of the Federal Republic of Germ~ny could be covered from REA plasters alone.
With the continuing efforts to reduce the level of impurities in the atmosphere, the amount of desulphurisa-tion plasters available will increase and the need to dispose of these substances will lead to serious difficul-ties. There is therefore an urgent need to bring new plaster products on the market with a wider range of properties than the plaster conventionally used for plaster surfaces and plasterboard for floors, walls and ceilings. Plaster foam is such a product.
Porous plaster parts used as structural units have hitherto been produced from commercial gypsums with various aggregates such as aluminium powder or magnesium 2l3~ 8 powder by heating the mass to 300C - 800C.
This process results in closed cell plaster foams used inter alia as heat insulating materials. These plaster foams have the disadvantage that they are expensive to produce, apart from containing physiologically harmful metals and requiring a large amount of energy for their production.
A foamed plaster product having a large number of isolated cells intercommunicating by fine channels in the cell walls is described in US-PS 4 330 589. This foamed plaster is obtained by foaming up a plaster slurry containing hydrogen peroxide and a cobalt compound. The cobalt compounds used are not physiologically harmless and the production of this plaster requires an additional drying process at a temperature of 459C for 6 hours.
An open-celled foamed plaster containing car-bonaceous material and capable of absorbing fluid materials is described in EP 0 263 975. This material is intended for use as a filter material and is not envisaged for acoustic or thermal applications.
An artificial stone containing inter alia foam plaster is described in DE 3 804 884. This stone is also suitable for use as thermal insulating material but it has the disadvantage of requiring a comb~lstion process in a furnace at a high temperature for its production.
A process for the production of plaster foam and of structural elements of plaster foam is described in DE 2 546 181. The materials obtained have a porous structure and improved heat insulation compared with ordinary plaster products which have not been foamed.
Their density is in the range of from 0.45 to 0.8 g/cm3.
This known process requires the use of various additives.
The addition of a liquefier for the plaster is a disad-vantage. The plaster liquefier used is a sulphonic acid-modified melamine resin, ~hich is relatively expensive.
D E S C R I P T I O N
This invention relates to a plaster foam having a porous structure, to a process for its preparation and to its use.
Sound and heat insulating materials play an important part in the building industry. Heat insulating materials reduce the thermal energy consumption in buildings and thus contribute to the protection of the environment by reducing the emission of fuel smoke. Sound insulating materials are used for noise abatement and building and space acoustics.
Heat insulating materials are used in the form of mats, panels or shaped products of porous and/or fibrous organic and inorganic materials having a low thermal conductivity such as coconut fibres, wood fibres, glass and mineral fibres or cork, aerated concrete or plastics foams. The sound absorbent building materials used are mainly absorbent materials of mineral fibres or other open celled foams which may be provided with a sound transmitt-ing covering for reasons of design and are fixed to foundations as non-weight bearing parts, introduced between structural parts or tied in with weight bearing constructions.
If a material is to be sound absorbent, it must have a porous structure. Fibrous materials (e.g. glass wool or rock wool) or open celled foams have such a structure. The cells of the material intercommunicate ~open celled structure) so that air can flow through them.
In an absorbent material, sound can be propagated due to the porous structure and acoustic energy is converted into thermal energy due to localized losses by friction on the 20~
fibres or boundaries of the cells.
Mineral fibres require a high expenditure of energy for melting the glass or basalt used as the starting materials. The drawn fibres are bonded 'ogether to produce the required densities and thicknesses and the adhesives used for this purpose continue to emit into the environment for a considerable time. On the other hand, the starting materials are plentifully available and inexpensive. When fibre mats are finished by cutting or grinding, they give rise to short fibre sections which get caught in the clothing and cause itching. They also cause respiratory disturbances in humans.
Plastic foams are not all ecologically harmless since numerous foams can only be foamed by means of fluorochlorohydrocarbons (FCHC) which are said to play an important part in the destruction of the ozone layer.
Plaster is a widely used material for the interiors of buildings and is partly obtained from naturally occurring substances and partly obtained in such large quantities from the desulphurisation plants (REA) of power stations that the entire annual plaster requirement of the Federal Republic of Germ~ny could be covered from REA plasters alone.
With the continuing efforts to reduce the level of impurities in the atmosphere, the amount of desulphurisa-tion plasters available will increase and the need to dispose of these substances will lead to serious difficul-ties. There is therefore an urgent need to bring new plaster products on the market with a wider range of properties than the plaster conventionally used for plaster surfaces and plasterboard for floors, walls and ceilings. Plaster foam is such a product.
Porous plaster parts used as structural units have hitherto been produced from commercial gypsums with various aggregates such as aluminium powder or magnesium 2l3~ 8 powder by heating the mass to 300C - 800C.
This process results in closed cell plaster foams used inter alia as heat insulating materials. These plaster foams have the disadvantage that they are expensive to produce, apart from containing physiologically harmful metals and requiring a large amount of energy for their production.
A foamed plaster product having a large number of isolated cells intercommunicating by fine channels in the cell walls is described in US-PS 4 330 589. This foamed plaster is obtained by foaming up a plaster slurry containing hydrogen peroxide and a cobalt compound. The cobalt compounds used are not physiologically harmless and the production of this plaster requires an additional drying process at a temperature of 459C for 6 hours.
An open-celled foamed plaster containing car-bonaceous material and capable of absorbing fluid materials is described in EP 0 263 975. This material is intended for use as a filter material and is not envisaged for acoustic or thermal applications.
An artificial stone containing inter alia foam plaster is described in DE 3 804 884. This stone is also suitable for use as thermal insulating material but it has the disadvantage of requiring a comb~lstion process in a furnace at a high temperature for its production.
A process for the production of plaster foam and of structural elements of plaster foam is described in DE 2 546 181. The materials obtained have a porous structure and improved heat insulation compared with ordinary plaster products which have not been foamed.
Their density is in the range of from 0.45 to 0.8 g/cm3.
This known process requires the use of various additives.
The addition of a liquefier for the plaster is a disad-vantage. The plaster liquefier used is a sulphonic acid-modified melamine resin, ~hich is relatively expensive.
2~ 168 The mixture of gypsum and water used in the known processhas a relatively low viscosity and the product is liquid.
It has the disadvantage that it leaks out of holes and exposed,open areas in the moulds. E~urther, the mixture has 5 a cream time of only 5 minutes, which is rather short for a manual operation and not sufficient for carrying out the process.
A foam plaster which is produced like t~e plaster according to DE 2 546 181 but in addition contains 10 polyvinyl alcohol and boric acid is described in DE 2 940 785. The boric acid present in this known plaster is a disadvantage since it is physiologically harmful; moreover,the preparation of this plaster is accompanied by the disadvantages mentioned above in 15 connection with DE 2 546 181.
DE-OS 2 250 611 relates to a process for the production of a lightweight, reinforced structural material whose compression resistance, tensile strength and resistance to flexural tension have advantageous 20 values for structural panels. These materials are also said to have good sound absorption properties and thermal conductivities. The K-factor given in Example 3 cannot be fitted into any known system for measuring thermal conductivity as it contains no physical measuring units.
25 The magnitude given in Example 4 is unknown and cannot be allocated to any existing units. If the building boards are placed between reinforcing sheets of paper used as coverings, the sound absorption properties of the boards are substantially reduced.
Plaster cornpositions containing plaster ar~ dust of rigid foam are described in DE 2 716 918. These campositions are used for producing plaster surfaces, plaster-cardboard panels, seals, modelling masses and filling masses. Their use for acoustic and thermal applications is not envisaged.
35 Sealing bodies containing foamed gypsum of 2~J~
anhydrite with a porous cell structure for sealing cavities in mines are ~escribed in Utility Model Application DE 83 13 354.2-U1. These products are not suitable as heat insulating materials or as sound absorbent materials.
EP-A-0 256 330 relates to a process for the production of reinforced plaster plates made of plaster~hemihydrate), optionally reinforcement substances, preferably cellulose particles such as sawdust, with the admixture of polyisocyanates. The plates obtained by this known process are unsuitable as sound absorbent materials or as heat insulating materials, since they do not have an open-cell structure.
It is an object of the present invention to provide sound insulating materials and heat insulating materials with good thermal insulation or sound absorption proper-ties. It also relates to a process for the production of the insulating materials. Their production should not require high temperatures and they should be able to be produced without great expenditure of energy. The insulating materials should not contain any short fibre sections liable to produce unpleasant reactions such as itching or respiratory disturbances. The material should be inexpensive and hygienic.
It is an object of the invention to provide a process for which gypsum, in particular desulphurisation gypsum, can be used as raw material.
The object of the invention relates to a plaster foam with a porous structure, containing a polyurea resulting from polyisocyanates and a wetting agent, which is characterized in that it has a specific gravity in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm3, is open celled and the polyurea contained therein is the condensation product of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymers and water and has been produced by wetting the plaster with water and 16~
- 7a -reacting the plaster paste with diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymers in the presence of a wetting agent.
The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the plaster foam, characterized in that gypsum is moistened with water, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer and a wetting agent are added to the resulting slurry and the composition is thoroughly mixed, introduced into the required mould and hardened.
The invention further relates to the use of the plaster foam as sound insulating and/or heat insulating material.
The gypsum used in the present invention may be any calcium sulphate modification in a pulverulent form of the usual degree of fineness which is neutral or slightly acid in reaction and can be set by water. Ordinary commercial gypsum qualities having a water-gypsum factor of 0.3 are preferably used. It is particularly pre~erred to use ~-gypsum or desulphurisation gypsum. Desulphurisation gypsums are obtained from flue gas desulphurisation plants. They consist of moist dihydrate which may, however, also be obtained in the form of semi-hydrates, depending on their quantity.
According to the invention, the gypsum is mixed with diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolyme~
Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer has the special advantage of being free from solvents, providing a constant NCO content as prepolymer and containing less than 0.5% of monomers. The product used is preferably one which has an isocyanate content of from 12 to 20~ by weight, preferably from 14 to 18% by weight, most preferably 16% by weight. Such products are available commercially. They have a viscosity of 10,000 mPa/s +2000 at 20~C.
The diisocyanate prepolymer reacts in known manner with the water used for preparing the plaster and the water of crystallisation of the gypsum to form a carbamic acid derivative which is converted into a primary amine with elimination of carbon dioxide. The primary amine reacts with the isocyanate to form a urea derivative or ureide which may undergo further reaction. In the present application, the term "polyurea" is to be understood to include the condensation products obtained from the diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymers and water.
The plaster foam according to the invention has a specific gravity in the range of from 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm3, preferably from 0.15 to 0.35 g/cm3, most preferably from 0.2 to 0.3 g/cm3. It is open celled and at least 80% of its cells Z0~L6~
measure from 0.3 to 2 mm. In the plaster foam according to the invention, preferably as many of the cells as possible measure from 0O8 to 1.2 mm. The specific gravity is adjusted by the quantity of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diiso-cyanate prepolymer used. The greater this quantity, thelower is the specific gravity, and the man of the art can determine with the aid of simple preliminary tests what quantity of diisocyanate prepolymer is required for obtaining a plaster foam having a particular specific gravity.
The plaster foam according to the invention contains from 55 to 90% by weight of gypsum, from 45 to 10% by weight of polyurea and from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of wetting agent. The plaster foam according to the invention need not contain any other additives although it may contain conventional additives in a quantity of from 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the dry weight of gypsum, polyurea and wetting agent.
To prepare the plaster foam according to the invention, the gypsum, preferably ~-gypsum, is moistened with water . Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepoly-mer and a wetting agent are added to the resulting slurry and the mixture is thoroughly mixed. The mixture obtained has a cream time of from 10 to 15 minutes. After it has been mi~ed, the substance is introduced into the required mould and left to harden. Hardenin~ is carried out at room temperature for a period from 30 minutes to 2 hours. The material may be removed from the mould when it has hardened. After-hardening, which may take place inside or outside the mould, is generally completed within a period from 8 to 12 hours.
According to the invention, from S0 to 70% by weight, preferably from 55 to 66% by weight, of gypsum, from 10 to 25% by weiht, preferably from 15 to 25% by weight, of water, from 10 to 30~ by weight, preferably ~~
from 15 to 25% by weight, of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer and from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight, of wetting agent are mixed together.
The wetting agents used according to the invention may be known wetting agents, e.g. commercially available products such as fatty alcohol sulphonates, quaternary ammonium compounds or other cationic, non-ionic or anionic agents. Specific examples of wetting agents include ethylene oxide/propylene oxide polyglycol, a betaine siloxane surface active agent, a low molecular weight acrylic copolymer and an alkyl phenol oxethylate. The latter is preferred. The wetting agents influence through-hardening and the process of imparting elasticity. They are used in quantities of from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 1.0% by weight, most preferably in a quantity of 0.5% by weight. They are used for regulating the pore size. The higher the proportion of wetting agent present, the smaller will be the pores.
The plaster foam according to the invention is used as sound insulating material and/or heat insulating material. In a preferred method of carrying out the invention, the plaster slurry obtained is poured into special moulds and foamed up therein to give rise to specially formed structural elements. It is particularly preferred to incorporate the plaster foam according to the invention in prefabricated room dividing systems or to use it as acoustic ceilings or acoustic wall elements (optionally under a finishing facing on the wall or ceiling). The plaster foam may also be used for the production of panels, pipes and elements of various geometrical forms. The plaster foam according to the invention is suitable for the insertion of dowels or nails and can be glued. It may also be mechanically finished by cutting, sawing, milling and brushing.
20~4~8 This is necessary in particular when the plaster foam is to be used as sound absorbent material. Since the plaster foam has a non-cellular skin after completion of the foaming process, it is necessary to strip off the surface to open the pores. This may be achieved by means of any of the mechanical after-treatment processes mentioned above. If desired, several o~ these processes may be carried out on the same workpiece. For example, in the case of panels the surface may be rubbed down by brushing and the sides may be cut.
The material obtained from the mechanical after-treatment may be reused. If it is obtained in the form of relatively large pieces, these may be size reduced and then ground down. The pulverulent material is then added to the starting mixture of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyan-ate prepolymer, gypsum, water and wetting agent. From 5 to 15% by weight, preferably from 8 to 12% by weight, most preferably 10% by weight of the powder obtained from the waste may be added to the starting, based on the muxture.
The material may also be lined or covered with film or foil to increase its mechanical strength and regulate the resistance to diffusion of water vapour (vapour barrier). The acoustic properties will not be impaired if a film of suitable thickness is used and it may also be used as sandwlch panels. Theprccess according to the invention may be carried out continuously or discontinuously. In the discontinuous process, the plaster slurry obtained is poured into moulds, for example box moulds. To produce sandwich panels, bottom plates or top plates may be introduced into the hox mould. The continuous process may be carried out by, for example, continuously applying the plaster slurry to a mould in the form of a continuous belt and then covering the belt with a cover plate. Endless panels are 3~ thereby obtained which may be cut up or sawn up to the ZQ~68 required shapes and sizes.
The plaster produced according to the invention has the following advantages:
(a) The plaster foam according to the invention has excellent sound absorption. The degree of sound absorption for sound incident at rightangles (measurement according to DIN 52 215) on a sample body 38 mm in thickness is shown in Table 1 for various frequencies. The results obtained for a sample of glass wool of the same thickness are shown for comparison.
i l l Degree of sound absorption 15 ¦ Frequency ¦ Plaster foam Glass wool ... . . . _ _ l .. ... _ . ............ _ . .. . l ¦ 100 Hz ¦ 0.18 ¦ 0.14 ¦ 200 Hz ¦ 0.20 ¦ 0.21 ¦ 400 Hz ¦ 0.49 ¦ 0.46 20 ¦ 800 Hz ¦ 0.77 ¦ 0.76 ¦ 1600 Hz ¦ 0.57 ¦ 0.91 ¦ 3200 Hz ¦ 0.65 ¦ 0.89 (b) It has excellent thermal insulation. The ~ value was 0.045 W/mK. Polystyrene foams and mineral wools have a thermal conductivity of ,~ - 0.035 W/mK to 0.05 W/mK. The values obtained for the material accordiny to the invention are thus outstandingly good.
30 (c) Compared with known building materials, the plaster foam according to the invention has a substantially lower specific gravity. The known plaster foams have a specific gravity of from 0.6 to 0.7 g/cm3.
The plaster foam according to the invention is therefore easier to handle and in particular to 2~ L68 process and transport, which is of great practical importance for its use.
(d) The plaster foam according to the invention can be dowelled, nailed or glued and may be subjected to mechanical after-treatment by cutting, sawing, milling or brushing.
The process according to the invention has the following advantages:
(a) It is not necessary to use any additives in addition to the gypsum, the isocyanate and the wetting agent, in particular no metals are required. There is therefore no contamination of the environment.
(b) The process according to the invention does not require the addition of a gypsum liquefier. The process according to the invention may therefore be carried out with a gypsum-water slurry of higher viscosity so that leakage from holes and from the mould can be prevented.
(c) The cream time is at least 10 minutes in the process according to the invention, in most cases 15 minutes. This enables the operator to mix the components thoroughly and introduce the mixture into the moulds without any risk of premature hardening.
25 (d) There is no need to use a foaming accelerator. In the known processes, foaming was accelerated by means of metal compounds which, as mentioned above, are physiologically harmful.
(e) In contrast to the known processes, there is no need to preheat the water used for preparing the slurry. This means that the process according to the invention may easily be carried out by small firms and in small factories since it does not require complicated apparatus.
35 (f) The process according to the invention does not - ZO~
require the addition of foaming agents such as fluorochlorohydrocarbons as in the known process disclosed in DE 25 46 181. The use of fluorochloro-hydrocarbons is damaging to the environment.
(g) The process according to the invention enables the large surplus of gypsum obtained from desulphuriza-tion to be disposed of by employing it for the production of useful building materials.
(h~ The process according to the invention is very cost effective since it requires neither expensive apparatus nor a great deal of energy nor a large work force.
The following Examples serve to illustrate the lnventlon.
Example 1 66.5 Parts by weight of ~-gypsum are moistened with 16.5 parts by weight of water. 16.5 Parts by weight of solvent-free diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer having an NCO content of 16% by weight are added as well as 0.5% by weight of a non-ionogenic alkyl phenol oxethylate as wetting agent.
All the compounds are thoroughly mixed together and poured into the required mould.
The reaction begins after about 10 to 12 minutes and is completed in about one hour. The product obtained is a board which has good surface hardness.
Example 2 65 Parts by weight of ~-gypsum are mixed with 21.5 parts by weight of water, 0.4 part by weight of a commercially available alkyl phenol oxethylate used as wetting agent and 13.1 parts by weight of solvent-free diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer having an NCO
content of 16% by weight.
The components are thoroughly mixed and the mixture is introduced into the required mould.
The reaction begins after 10 to 12 minutes and is completed in about one hour. The product obtained is a board which has good surface hardness.
Example 3 The procedure described in Example 1 is employed and the following components are used:
59.4% by weight cf ~-gypsum, 15.0% by weight of water, 16.0% by weight of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diiso-cyanate prepolymer having an NC0 content of 16% by weight, 0.4% by weight of cation-active fatty amine salt as wetting agent and 9.0% by weight of gypsum residue which has already reacted.
After the components have been mixed, the whole mixture is intrGduced into a box mould. The reaction begins after about 10 minutes and is completed in about one hour.
Example 4 60 Parts by weight of ~-gypsum are mixed with 20 parts by weight of water, 0.5 parts by weight of a commercially obtainable alkyl phenol oxethylate as wetting agent, 16 parts by weight of diphenylmethane-4,4l-diisocyanate prepolymer having an NCO content of 16% hyweight and 4 parts by weight of previously reacted plaster foam in powder form obtained according to Example 3.
When the components have been mixed, the whole mixture is introduced into a box mould. The reaction begins after about 10 minutes and is completed in about one hour.
The boards and parts produced according to Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 may be cut and sawn. The skin formed on their surface in the course of their production may be removed by milling, which affects the sound absorpticn 20~ 8 properties. The absorption properties may be specially influenced in accordance with the frequency by covering the products with various materials. The parts may be nailed and dowelled.
It has the disadvantage that it leaks out of holes and exposed,open areas in the moulds. E~urther, the mixture has 5 a cream time of only 5 minutes, which is rather short for a manual operation and not sufficient for carrying out the process.
A foam plaster which is produced like t~e plaster according to DE 2 546 181 but in addition contains 10 polyvinyl alcohol and boric acid is described in DE 2 940 785. The boric acid present in this known plaster is a disadvantage since it is physiologically harmful; moreover,the preparation of this plaster is accompanied by the disadvantages mentioned above in 15 connection with DE 2 546 181.
DE-OS 2 250 611 relates to a process for the production of a lightweight, reinforced structural material whose compression resistance, tensile strength and resistance to flexural tension have advantageous 20 values for structural panels. These materials are also said to have good sound absorption properties and thermal conductivities. The K-factor given in Example 3 cannot be fitted into any known system for measuring thermal conductivity as it contains no physical measuring units.
25 The magnitude given in Example 4 is unknown and cannot be allocated to any existing units. If the building boards are placed between reinforcing sheets of paper used as coverings, the sound absorption properties of the boards are substantially reduced.
Plaster cornpositions containing plaster ar~ dust of rigid foam are described in DE 2 716 918. These campositions are used for producing plaster surfaces, plaster-cardboard panels, seals, modelling masses and filling masses. Their use for acoustic and thermal applications is not envisaged.
35 Sealing bodies containing foamed gypsum of 2~J~
anhydrite with a porous cell structure for sealing cavities in mines are ~escribed in Utility Model Application DE 83 13 354.2-U1. These products are not suitable as heat insulating materials or as sound absorbent materials.
EP-A-0 256 330 relates to a process for the production of reinforced plaster plates made of plaster~hemihydrate), optionally reinforcement substances, preferably cellulose particles such as sawdust, with the admixture of polyisocyanates. The plates obtained by this known process are unsuitable as sound absorbent materials or as heat insulating materials, since they do not have an open-cell structure.
It is an object of the present invention to provide sound insulating materials and heat insulating materials with good thermal insulation or sound absorption proper-ties. It also relates to a process for the production of the insulating materials. Their production should not require high temperatures and they should be able to be produced without great expenditure of energy. The insulating materials should not contain any short fibre sections liable to produce unpleasant reactions such as itching or respiratory disturbances. The material should be inexpensive and hygienic.
It is an object of the invention to provide a process for which gypsum, in particular desulphurisation gypsum, can be used as raw material.
The object of the invention relates to a plaster foam with a porous structure, containing a polyurea resulting from polyisocyanates and a wetting agent, which is characterized in that it has a specific gravity in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm3, is open celled and the polyurea contained therein is the condensation product of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymers and water and has been produced by wetting the plaster with water and 16~
- 7a -reacting the plaster paste with diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymers in the presence of a wetting agent.
The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the plaster foam, characterized in that gypsum is moistened with water, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer and a wetting agent are added to the resulting slurry and the composition is thoroughly mixed, introduced into the required mould and hardened.
The invention further relates to the use of the plaster foam as sound insulating and/or heat insulating material.
The gypsum used in the present invention may be any calcium sulphate modification in a pulverulent form of the usual degree of fineness which is neutral or slightly acid in reaction and can be set by water. Ordinary commercial gypsum qualities having a water-gypsum factor of 0.3 are preferably used. It is particularly pre~erred to use ~-gypsum or desulphurisation gypsum. Desulphurisation gypsums are obtained from flue gas desulphurisation plants. They consist of moist dihydrate which may, however, also be obtained in the form of semi-hydrates, depending on their quantity.
According to the invention, the gypsum is mixed with diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolyme~
Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer has the special advantage of being free from solvents, providing a constant NCO content as prepolymer and containing less than 0.5% of monomers. The product used is preferably one which has an isocyanate content of from 12 to 20~ by weight, preferably from 14 to 18% by weight, most preferably 16% by weight. Such products are available commercially. They have a viscosity of 10,000 mPa/s +2000 at 20~C.
The diisocyanate prepolymer reacts in known manner with the water used for preparing the plaster and the water of crystallisation of the gypsum to form a carbamic acid derivative which is converted into a primary amine with elimination of carbon dioxide. The primary amine reacts with the isocyanate to form a urea derivative or ureide which may undergo further reaction. In the present application, the term "polyurea" is to be understood to include the condensation products obtained from the diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymers and water.
The plaster foam according to the invention has a specific gravity in the range of from 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm3, preferably from 0.15 to 0.35 g/cm3, most preferably from 0.2 to 0.3 g/cm3. It is open celled and at least 80% of its cells Z0~L6~
measure from 0.3 to 2 mm. In the plaster foam according to the invention, preferably as many of the cells as possible measure from 0O8 to 1.2 mm. The specific gravity is adjusted by the quantity of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diiso-cyanate prepolymer used. The greater this quantity, thelower is the specific gravity, and the man of the art can determine with the aid of simple preliminary tests what quantity of diisocyanate prepolymer is required for obtaining a plaster foam having a particular specific gravity.
The plaster foam according to the invention contains from 55 to 90% by weight of gypsum, from 45 to 10% by weight of polyurea and from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of wetting agent. The plaster foam according to the invention need not contain any other additives although it may contain conventional additives in a quantity of from 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the dry weight of gypsum, polyurea and wetting agent.
To prepare the plaster foam according to the invention, the gypsum, preferably ~-gypsum, is moistened with water . Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepoly-mer and a wetting agent are added to the resulting slurry and the mixture is thoroughly mixed. The mixture obtained has a cream time of from 10 to 15 minutes. After it has been mi~ed, the substance is introduced into the required mould and left to harden. Hardenin~ is carried out at room temperature for a period from 30 minutes to 2 hours. The material may be removed from the mould when it has hardened. After-hardening, which may take place inside or outside the mould, is generally completed within a period from 8 to 12 hours.
According to the invention, from S0 to 70% by weight, preferably from 55 to 66% by weight, of gypsum, from 10 to 25% by weiht, preferably from 15 to 25% by weight, of water, from 10 to 30~ by weight, preferably ~~
from 15 to 25% by weight, of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer and from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight, of wetting agent are mixed together.
The wetting agents used according to the invention may be known wetting agents, e.g. commercially available products such as fatty alcohol sulphonates, quaternary ammonium compounds or other cationic, non-ionic or anionic agents. Specific examples of wetting agents include ethylene oxide/propylene oxide polyglycol, a betaine siloxane surface active agent, a low molecular weight acrylic copolymer and an alkyl phenol oxethylate. The latter is preferred. The wetting agents influence through-hardening and the process of imparting elasticity. They are used in quantities of from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 1.0% by weight, most preferably in a quantity of 0.5% by weight. They are used for regulating the pore size. The higher the proportion of wetting agent present, the smaller will be the pores.
The plaster foam according to the invention is used as sound insulating material and/or heat insulating material. In a preferred method of carrying out the invention, the plaster slurry obtained is poured into special moulds and foamed up therein to give rise to specially formed structural elements. It is particularly preferred to incorporate the plaster foam according to the invention in prefabricated room dividing systems or to use it as acoustic ceilings or acoustic wall elements (optionally under a finishing facing on the wall or ceiling). The plaster foam may also be used for the production of panels, pipes and elements of various geometrical forms. The plaster foam according to the invention is suitable for the insertion of dowels or nails and can be glued. It may also be mechanically finished by cutting, sawing, milling and brushing.
20~4~8 This is necessary in particular when the plaster foam is to be used as sound absorbent material. Since the plaster foam has a non-cellular skin after completion of the foaming process, it is necessary to strip off the surface to open the pores. This may be achieved by means of any of the mechanical after-treatment processes mentioned above. If desired, several o~ these processes may be carried out on the same workpiece. For example, in the case of panels the surface may be rubbed down by brushing and the sides may be cut.
The material obtained from the mechanical after-treatment may be reused. If it is obtained in the form of relatively large pieces, these may be size reduced and then ground down. The pulverulent material is then added to the starting mixture of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyan-ate prepolymer, gypsum, water and wetting agent. From 5 to 15% by weight, preferably from 8 to 12% by weight, most preferably 10% by weight of the powder obtained from the waste may be added to the starting, based on the muxture.
The material may also be lined or covered with film or foil to increase its mechanical strength and regulate the resistance to diffusion of water vapour (vapour barrier). The acoustic properties will not be impaired if a film of suitable thickness is used and it may also be used as sandwlch panels. Theprccess according to the invention may be carried out continuously or discontinuously. In the discontinuous process, the plaster slurry obtained is poured into moulds, for example box moulds. To produce sandwich panels, bottom plates or top plates may be introduced into the hox mould. The continuous process may be carried out by, for example, continuously applying the plaster slurry to a mould in the form of a continuous belt and then covering the belt with a cover plate. Endless panels are 3~ thereby obtained which may be cut up or sawn up to the ZQ~68 required shapes and sizes.
The plaster produced according to the invention has the following advantages:
(a) The plaster foam according to the invention has excellent sound absorption. The degree of sound absorption for sound incident at rightangles (measurement according to DIN 52 215) on a sample body 38 mm in thickness is shown in Table 1 for various frequencies. The results obtained for a sample of glass wool of the same thickness are shown for comparison.
i l l Degree of sound absorption 15 ¦ Frequency ¦ Plaster foam Glass wool ... . . . _ _ l .. ... _ . ............ _ . .. . l ¦ 100 Hz ¦ 0.18 ¦ 0.14 ¦ 200 Hz ¦ 0.20 ¦ 0.21 ¦ 400 Hz ¦ 0.49 ¦ 0.46 20 ¦ 800 Hz ¦ 0.77 ¦ 0.76 ¦ 1600 Hz ¦ 0.57 ¦ 0.91 ¦ 3200 Hz ¦ 0.65 ¦ 0.89 (b) It has excellent thermal insulation. The ~ value was 0.045 W/mK. Polystyrene foams and mineral wools have a thermal conductivity of ,~ - 0.035 W/mK to 0.05 W/mK. The values obtained for the material accordiny to the invention are thus outstandingly good.
30 (c) Compared with known building materials, the plaster foam according to the invention has a substantially lower specific gravity. The known plaster foams have a specific gravity of from 0.6 to 0.7 g/cm3.
The plaster foam according to the invention is therefore easier to handle and in particular to 2~ L68 process and transport, which is of great practical importance for its use.
(d) The plaster foam according to the invention can be dowelled, nailed or glued and may be subjected to mechanical after-treatment by cutting, sawing, milling or brushing.
The process according to the invention has the following advantages:
(a) It is not necessary to use any additives in addition to the gypsum, the isocyanate and the wetting agent, in particular no metals are required. There is therefore no contamination of the environment.
(b) The process according to the invention does not require the addition of a gypsum liquefier. The process according to the invention may therefore be carried out with a gypsum-water slurry of higher viscosity so that leakage from holes and from the mould can be prevented.
(c) The cream time is at least 10 minutes in the process according to the invention, in most cases 15 minutes. This enables the operator to mix the components thoroughly and introduce the mixture into the moulds without any risk of premature hardening.
25 (d) There is no need to use a foaming accelerator. In the known processes, foaming was accelerated by means of metal compounds which, as mentioned above, are physiologically harmful.
(e) In contrast to the known processes, there is no need to preheat the water used for preparing the slurry. This means that the process according to the invention may easily be carried out by small firms and in small factories since it does not require complicated apparatus.
35 (f) The process according to the invention does not - ZO~
require the addition of foaming agents such as fluorochlorohydrocarbons as in the known process disclosed in DE 25 46 181. The use of fluorochloro-hydrocarbons is damaging to the environment.
(g) The process according to the invention enables the large surplus of gypsum obtained from desulphuriza-tion to be disposed of by employing it for the production of useful building materials.
(h~ The process according to the invention is very cost effective since it requires neither expensive apparatus nor a great deal of energy nor a large work force.
The following Examples serve to illustrate the lnventlon.
Example 1 66.5 Parts by weight of ~-gypsum are moistened with 16.5 parts by weight of water. 16.5 Parts by weight of solvent-free diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer having an NCO content of 16% by weight are added as well as 0.5% by weight of a non-ionogenic alkyl phenol oxethylate as wetting agent.
All the compounds are thoroughly mixed together and poured into the required mould.
The reaction begins after about 10 to 12 minutes and is completed in about one hour. The product obtained is a board which has good surface hardness.
Example 2 65 Parts by weight of ~-gypsum are mixed with 21.5 parts by weight of water, 0.4 part by weight of a commercially available alkyl phenol oxethylate used as wetting agent and 13.1 parts by weight of solvent-free diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer having an NCO
content of 16% by weight.
The components are thoroughly mixed and the mixture is introduced into the required mould.
The reaction begins after 10 to 12 minutes and is completed in about one hour. The product obtained is a board which has good surface hardness.
Example 3 The procedure described in Example 1 is employed and the following components are used:
59.4% by weight cf ~-gypsum, 15.0% by weight of water, 16.0% by weight of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diiso-cyanate prepolymer having an NC0 content of 16% by weight, 0.4% by weight of cation-active fatty amine salt as wetting agent and 9.0% by weight of gypsum residue which has already reacted.
After the components have been mixed, the whole mixture is intrGduced into a box mould. The reaction begins after about 10 minutes and is completed in about one hour.
Example 4 60 Parts by weight of ~-gypsum are mixed with 20 parts by weight of water, 0.5 parts by weight of a commercially obtainable alkyl phenol oxethylate as wetting agent, 16 parts by weight of diphenylmethane-4,4l-diisocyanate prepolymer having an NCO content of 16% hyweight and 4 parts by weight of previously reacted plaster foam in powder form obtained according to Example 3.
When the components have been mixed, the whole mixture is introduced into a box mould. The reaction begins after about 10 minutes and is completed in about one hour.
The boards and parts produced according to Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 may be cut and sawn. The skin formed on their surface in the course of their production may be removed by milling, which affects the sound absorpticn 20~ 8 properties. The absorption properties may be specially influenced in accordance with the frequency by covering the products with various materials. The parts may be nailed and dowelled.
Claims (4)
1. Plaster foam with a porous structure containing a polyurea resulting from polyisocyanates and a wetting agent, characterized in that it has a specific gravity in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm3, is open celled and the polyurea contained therein is the condensation product of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymers and water and has been produced by wetting plaster with water and reacting the plaster paste with diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymers in the presence of a wetting agent.
2. Plaster foam according to Claim 1, characterised in that at least 80% of the cells measure from 0.3 to 2 mm.
3. Plaster foam according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that it contains from 55 to 90% by weight of gypsum, from 45 to 10% by weight of polyurea, from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of wetting agent and optionally from 0.1 to 2% by weight of other, conventional additives, based on the dry weight of gypsum, polyurea and wetting agent.
4. Process for the preparation of a plaster foam according to at least one of the Claims 1 to 3, charac-terised in that gypsum is moistened with water, diphenyl-methane-4,4'-diisocyanate prepolymer and a wetting agent are added to the resulting slurry, and the composition is thoroughly mixed and introduced into the required mould and hardened.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3909083.3 | 1989-03-20 | ||
| DE3909083A DE3909083C1 (en) | 1989-03-20 | 1989-03-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2044168A1 true CA2044168A1 (en) | 1990-09-21 |
Family
ID=6376758
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2044168 Abandoned CA2044168A1 (en) | 1989-03-20 | 1990-03-13 | Plaster foam with porous structure, a process for its preparation and its use |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0464044B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2879605B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE108423T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5177790A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2044168A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3909083C1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU210580B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990011259A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5852063A (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1998-12-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Process for preparing jointing foam |
| US9279054B2 (en) | 2008-02-18 | 2016-03-08 | Preform Gmbh | Sound-absorbent foam system |
| US10017938B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2018-07-10 | Construction Research & Technology, Gmbh | Concrete element comprising a sound-absorber |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4015342A1 (en) * | 1990-05-12 | 1991-11-14 | Karl Heinz Vahlbrauk | Installation wall - for partitioning rooms and enclosing service installations |
| DE4207235A1 (en) * | 1992-03-07 | 1993-09-09 | Norbert Dipl Ing Lang | Insulation material for thermal insulation applications having good strength - having foam structure and fibres in thread form, mfd. by mixing in pressure chamber with water |
| DE4209897C1 (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1993-10-21 | Schoenox Nobel Gmbh | Building material mixture for foam mortar and method for the production of foam mortar and uses of the building material mixture |
| CA2084494C (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1997-06-24 | Peter Paul Roosen | Plasticised gypsum composition |
| DE4410378A1 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-09-28 | Hoechst Ag | Halogen-free and filler-containing, flame-retardant polyurea foam, process for its production and its use |
| DE4438667C2 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 2000-05-18 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Surface-mounted system |
| DE19744951B4 (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 2004-01-29 | Preform Gmbh | Process for producing a porous gypsum foam containing polyurea |
| US6531210B1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2003-03-11 | United States Gypsum Company | Application of methylenediphenyldiisocyanate for producing gypsum/wood fiber board |
| US10570062B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2020-02-25 | Knauf Gips Kg | Method for producing a gypsum plasterboard |
| JP7382723B2 (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2023-11-17 | クナウフ ギプス カーゲー | Method for producing gypsum plasterboard |
| CN115244019A (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2022-10-25 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | Method for producing foam concrete |
| US20240199501A1 (en) | 2021-05-10 | 2024-06-20 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Use of foam mortar as adhesive for floorings |
| WO2023193882A1 (en) | 2022-04-04 | 2023-10-12 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Mineral-based expanding foam |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3878278A (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1975-04-15 | Charles H Miller | Lightweight reinforced structural material |
| JPS51109926A (en) * | 1975-03-25 | 1976-09-29 | Atsushi Ogura | KEIRYOKIHOSETSUKOBANNO SEIZOHOHO |
| DE2546181B2 (en) * | 1975-10-15 | 1979-03-08 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the production of gypsum foam and structural elements made therefrom |
| DE2716918A1 (en) * | 1977-04-16 | 1978-10-19 | Bayer Ag | Plastering compsn. also for mfr. of sheets, filler, modelling cpds. - comprising mixture of gypsum and hard polyurethane or polycarbodiimide foam powder |
| DE2940785A1 (en) * | 1979-10-08 | 1981-04-16 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | FOAM PLASTER, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, ITS USE AND COMPONENT THEREOF |
| JPS56160360A (en) * | 1980-05-15 | 1981-12-10 | Kurashiki Boseki Kk | Foamed gypsum molded body and its manufacture |
| DE8313354U1 (en) * | 1982-05-07 | 1984-04-19 | A. Weber S.A., Rouhling, Moselle | Closure body for closing off cavities |
| US4724242A (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1988-02-09 | Neiko Vassileff | Open cell foamed gypsum absorbents |
| DE3626048A1 (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-02-11 | Bayer Ag | REINFORCED PLASTERBOARDS |
| DE3804884A1 (en) * | 1987-04-24 | 1988-11-03 | Arturo Broggini | Synthetic bricks and process for the production of the same |
-
1989
- 1989-03-20 DE DE3909083A patent/DE3909083C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-03-13 EP EP19900904279 patent/EP0464044B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-13 JP JP50421790A patent/JP2879605B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-13 HU HU902324A patent/HU210580B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-13 DE DE59006444T patent/DE59006444D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-13 CA CA 2044168 patent/CA2044168A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-03-13 WO PCT/EP1990/000403 patent/WO1990011259A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-03-13 AU AU51777/90A patent/AU5177790A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-03-13 AT AT90904279T patent/ATE108423T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5852063A (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1998-12-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Process for preparing jointing foam |
| US9279054B2 (en) | 2008-02-18 | 2016-03-08 | Preform Gmbh | Sound-absorbent foam system |
| US10017938B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2018-07-10 | Construction Research & Technology, Gmbh | Concrete element comprising a sound-absorber |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3909083C1 (en) | 1990-06-21 |
| DE59006444D1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
| WO1990011259A1 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| HU210580B (en) | 1995-05-29 |
| ATE108423T1 (en) | 1994-07-15 |
| AU5177790A (en) | 1990-10-22 |
| EP0464044B1 (en) | 1994-07-13 |
| HU902324D0 (en) | 1991-11-28 |
| EP0464044A1 (en) | 1992-01-08 |
| HUT59891A (en) | 1992-07-28 |
| JPH04504099A (en) | 1992-07-23 |
| JP2879605B2 (en) | 1999-04-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDC | Discontinued application reinstated | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |