CA2044056C - Bonded busbar for diaphragm cell cathode - Google Patents
Bonded busbar for diaphragm cell cathode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2044056C CA2044056C CA002044056A CA2044056A CA2044056C CA 2044056 C CA2044056 C CA 2044056C CA 002044056 A CA002044056 A CA 002044056A CA 2044056 A CA2044056 A CA 2044056A CA 2044056 C CA2044056 C CA 2044056C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- busbar
- sidewall
- cell
- cathode
- cooling fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
Abstract
In a sidewall-enclosed electrolytic cell, such as for the electrolysis of brine to form chloralkali product, the cell can have at least one cathode sidewall. There is now provided an at least substantially wall-sized, planar busbar that is interface bonded to the cathode sidewall. The interface bonded, wall-sized busbar plus sidewall thereby at least substantially serve as a wall unit for the electrolytic cell. The wall-sized busbar has at least one internal passageway therethrough for the circulation of cooling fluid. Where the bonded busbar is connected by a jumper switch for current connection, the cooling passageway of the busbar may connect at the location of the jumper switch.
Description
~04~O~G
BONDED BUSBAR FOR DIAPHRAGM CELL CATHODE
Background of the Invention In the manufacture of chlor-alkali diaphragm cells, there have been developed cells which operate at high current capacities with correspondingly high production capacities. Typically, chlo~-alkali diaphragm cells may now operate at current capacities of upwards to about 200,000 amperes, while maintaining desirable operating efficiencies. One such cell which has been developed for this more efficient operation comprises a novel cathode bulbar structure. As shown in the U.S. Patents Nos. 3,859,196 and 3,904,504 this novel cathode bulbar structure comprises at least one lead-in busbar and a plurality of bulbar strips which have different relative dimensions. This structure is attached to d sidewall of the cell whereby the sidewall plus bulbar structure provides an at least partially cathode--walled enclosure.
Such chlor-alkali diaphragm cells which have been developed to operate at high current capacities can also require a high amperage swi_ch apparatus. A suitable such apparatus has been disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
3,778,680. Therein there is shown a switch apparatus particularly for high amperage electrical switching, which apparatus is resiliently mounted and has fluid-cooled terminals.
It would be desirable to combine the features of these developments to readily accommodate high amperage switch apparatus with a cathode busbar structure of a cathode-walled enclosure.
Summary of the Invention It has now been found possible to provide a most efficient cathode sidewall bulbar structure. The structure is economically monolithic and unitary. The structure can be desirably compatible with present day high amperage switch apparatus. Such compatibility includes linkage of the switch apparatus cooling means with cooling means for the sidewall bulbar.
In one broad aspect the invention relates to an electrolytic cell wherein the cell comprises a walled enclosure with there being at least one cathode sidewall for the enclosure, such cell having a cover over, and a cell bottom beneath, the walled enclosure, and with there being means for introducing current from outside the cell to a cathode sidewall through a bulbar. In this context, the invention provides the improvement comprising a cathode busbar structure external to the cell, which structure has an at least substantially wall-sized sidewall busbar that is interface bonded to the cathode sidewall, whereby the cathode sidewall plus interface bonded sidewall busbar combine together to form at least substantially a wall unit for such cell, with the sidewall bulbar having internal passageways for the circulation of cooling fluid therethrough.
In another aspect the invention is directed to a novel busbar for interface bonding to a cathode sidewall of an electrolytic diaphragm cell.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a typical electrolytic cell of the present invention.
BONDED BUSBAR FOR DIAPHRAGM CELL CATHODE
Background of the Invention In the manufacture of chlor-alkali diaphragm cells, there have been developed cells which operate at high current capacities with correspondingly high production capacities. Typically, chlo~-alkali diaphragm cells may now operate at current capacities of upwards to about 200,000 amperes, while maintaining desirable operating efficiencies. One such cell which has been developed for this more efficient operation comprises a novel cathode bulbar structure. As shown in the U.S. Patents Nos. 3,859,196 and 3,904,504 this novel cathode bulbar structure comprises at least one lead-in busbar and a plurality of bulbar strips which have different relative dimensions. This structure is attached to d sidewall of the cell whereby the sidewall plus bulbar structure provides an at least partially cathode--walled enclosure.
Such chlor-alkali diaphragm cells which have been developed to operate at high current capacities can also require a high amperage swi_ch apparatus. A suitable such apparatus has been disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
3,778,680. Therein there is shown a switch apparatus particularly for high amperage electrical switching, which apparatus is resiliently mounted and has fluid-cooled terminals.
It would be desirable to combine the features of these developments to readily accommodate high amperage switch apparatus with a cathode busbar structure of a cathode-walled enclosure.
Summary of the Invention It has now been found possible to provide a most efficient cathode sidewall bulbar structure. The structure is economically monolithic and unitary. The structure can be desirably compatible with present day high amperage switch apparatus. Such compatibility includes linkage of the switch apparatus cooling means with cooling means for the sidewall bulbar.
In one broad aspect the invention relates to an electrolytic cell wherein the cell comprises a walled enclosure with there being at least one cathode sidewall for the enclosure, such cell having a cover over, and a cell bottom beneath, the walled enclosure, and with there being means for introducing current from outside the cell to a cathode sidewall through a bulbar. In this context, the invention provides the improvement comprising a cathode busbar structure external to the cell, which structure has an at least substantially wall-sized sidewall busbar that is interface bonded to the cathode sidewall, whereby the cathode sidewall plus interface bonded sidewall busbar combine together to form at least substantially a wall unit for such cell, with the sidewall bulbar having internal passageways for the circulation of cooling fluid therethrough.
In another aspect the invention is directed to a novel busbar for interface bonding to a cathode sidewall of an electrolytic diaphragm cell.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a typical electrolytic cell of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation, in section, of the cathode sidewall of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an exploded, perspective view of a portion of the sidewall busbar of the cell of Fig. 1., more particularly detailing, in partial section, electrical and coolant connections.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments The invention relates generally to electrolytic cells suited for the electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions. The cells may be used for the production of chlorine, chlorates, chlorites, hydrochloric acid, caustic, rydrogen and related chemicals. For the sidewall ~f the cathode-walled enclosure it has been typical to use a conductive metal which has desirable strength and structural properties.
Most always, the wall will be made of steel, e.g., cold-rolled, low carbon steel. For the cathode busbar structure the useful metals are those which are highly electrically conductive. Most always this metal will be copper, but there may also be used aluminum.
Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, a cell shown generally at 1 has a cover 2 and four sidewalls 3.
The sidewall 3 in the foreground is positioned behind a sidewall busbar 4. The sidewall busbar 4 is connected by intercell connectors 5, only some of which are shown, to an adjacent cell, not shown. More particularly, each intercell connector 5 is connected to a spacer 7 which is fitted over a post 8. The connector 5 on the one end is secured to the post 8, and on the opposite end is secured by nuts ~ to the base of an adjacent cell, not shown.
These intercell connectors 5 are positioned across almost the complete length of the sidewall busbar 4, at the bottom. As is more particularly depicted in the figure, this sidewall busbar ~ can be a unitary, ~0440~~
Fig. 3 is an exploded, perspective view of a portion of the sidewall busbar of the cell of Fig. 1., more particularly detailing, in partial section, electrical and coolant connections.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments The invention relates generally to electrolytic cells suited for the electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions. The cells may be used for the production of chlorine, chlorates, chlorites, hydrochloric acid, caustic, rydrogen and related chemicals. For the sidewall ~f the cathode-walled enclosure it has been typical to use a conductive metal which has desirable strength and structural properties.
Most always, the wall will be made of steel, e.g., cold-rolled, low carbon steel. For the cathode busbar structure the useful metals are those which are highly electrically conductive. Most always this metal will be copper, but there may also be used aluminum.
Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, a cell shown generally at 1 has a cover 2 and four sidewalls 3.
The sidewall 3 in the foreground is positioned behind a sidewall busbar 4. The sidewall busbar 4 is connected by intercell connectors 5, only some of which are shown, to an adjacent cell, not shown. More particularly, each intercell connector 5 is connected to a spacer 7 which is fitted over a post 8. The connector 5 on the one end is secured to the post 8, and on the opposite end is secured by nuts ~ to the base of an adjacent cell, not shown.
These intercell connectors 5 are positioned across almost the complete length of the sidewall busbar 4, at the bottom. As is more particularly depicted in the figure, this sidewall busbar ~ can be a unitary, ~0440~~
monolithic and planar busbar 4 that is, for the particular cell 1 of the figure, as high as the cell sidewall 3 and can be longer than the sidewall 3 to which it is bonded. The busbar 4 may thus be actually larger than the sidewall 3. But, in essence, the sidewall busbar 4 and its adjacent sidewall 3 together form one wall of the cell 1. The extra length of the sidewall busbar 4, extending beyond the intercell connectors 5, forms a sidewall busbar extension 11. To this sidewall busbar extension 11 there are attached cathode jumper switches or connectors 12. Each jumper connector 12 comprises a tubular conduit 13 and a lug 14 extending into connection with the sidewall busbar 4 at the sidewall busbar extension 11. Further, this sidewall busbar 4 contains a cooling conduit passageway 15, extending in a generally loop configuration and shown in phantom.
Referring then to Fig. 2, there is shown the interface bonded structure of sidewall 3 and sidewall busbar 4. This bonded structure extends the full length from an edge of the cell cover 2 downwardly to a cell bottom 16. Connecting to the sidewall 3 and sidewall busbar 4 through a post 8 and spacer 7 is an intercell connector, not shown. Extending into the sidewall busbar 4 is a cooling conduit 15, the direction of the flow of coolant to and from the conduit 15 being shown by the arrows.
Referring then to Fig. 3, a sidewall busbar extension 11 extends beyond a busbar 4. Connecting to this sidewall busbar extension 11 are the cathode jumper connector lugs 14. As shown more particularly in this figure, a pair of jumper connector lugs 14 are secured to the sidewall busbar extension 11 by a nut 17 and bolt 18 which connect through an aperture 22 in the sidewall extension 11. There is then formed in the busbar 4 and sidewall busbar extension 11 a conduit passageway 15, generally concentric in cross section. Fluid cooling ~o~~o~~
media, usually water, can be fed into this conduit passageway 15 by a coolant inlet feeder hose 20. After circulating in the busbar 4 and extension 11, coolant in the passageway 15 can flow out of the sidewall extension 5 11 through a coolant exit return hose 21. Cooling fluid can be supplied to the inlet feeder hose 20 from a cell room source, not shown, external to the cell.
By such means cooling fluid can be provided to the cathode busbar 4 when an adjacent electrolytic cell is jumpered, It is to be understood however that cooling means can be used during routine cell operation to cool the cathode busbar 4, although it is normally needed only during jumpering of the cell when the entire electrical current flows through the lugs 4 and busbar extension 11 to the cathode busbar 4.
In assembly, the cathode busbar 4, being typically a copper busbar 4, can be interface bonded to the cathode sidewall 3 such as by explosion bonding, brazing or roll bonding. Where the cathode busbar 4 is copper and the cathode sidewall 3 is steel it is preferred to use explosion bonding or brazing. Even though the sidewall busbar 4 can be a unitary, monolithic planar busbar 4, which even extends in length beyond the length of the sidewall 3 and which is usually of uniform thickness for its total length including the length beyond the sidewall 3, such busbar 9 can nevertheless be desirably interface bonded to the sidewall 3. Such bonding can provide for an integral electrical unit achieving desirable efficiency of cathode operation. It is also to be understood that the busbar extension 11 may be an attachment to the sidewall busbar 4. Such attachment can be by metallurgical means, e.g., welding, or by mechanical means such as bolting.
It is to be.understood that the intercell connectors 5 including the spacers 7, and posts 8, will be made of any material of construction usually utilized for such items, e.g., copper. Furthermore, the cathode 2044Q~~
Referring then to Fig. 2, there is shown the interface bonded structure of sidewall 3 and sidewall busbar 4. This bonded structure extends the full length from an edge of the cell cover 2 downwardly to a cell bottom 16. Connecting to the sidewall 3 and sidewall busbar 4 through a post 8 and spacer 7 is an intercell connector, not shown. Extending into the sidewall busbar 4 is a cooling conduit 15, the direction of the flow of coolant to and from the conduit 15 being shown by the arrows.
Referring then to Fig. 3, a sidewall busbar extension 11 extends beyond a busbar 4. Connecting to this sidewall busbar extension 11 are the cathode jumper connector lugs 14. As shown more particularly in this figure, a pair of jumper connector lugs 14 are secured to the sidewall busbar extension 11 by a nut 17 and bolt 18 which connect through an aperture 22 in the sidewall extension 11. There is then formed in the busbar 4 and sidewall busbar extension 11 a conduit passageway 15, generally concentric in cross section. Fluid cooling ~o~~o~~
media, usually water, can be fed into this conduit passageway 15 by a coolant inlet feeder hose 20. After circulating in the busbar 4 and extension 11, coolant in the passageway 15 can flow out of the sidewall extension 5 11 through a coolant exit return hose 21. Cooling fluid can be supplied to the inlet feeder hose 20 from a cell room source, not shown, external to the cell.
By such means cooling fluid can be provided to the cathode busbar 4 when an adjacent electrolytic cell is jumpered, It is to be understood however that cooling means can be used during routine cell operation to cool the cathode busbar 4, although it is normally needed only during jumpering of the cell when the entire electrical current flows through the lugs 4 and busbar extension 11 to the cathode busbar 4.
In assembly, the cathode busbar 4, being typically a copper busbar 4, can be interface bonded to the cathode sidewall 3 such as by explosion bonding, brazing or roll bonding. Where the cathode busbar 4 is copper and the cathode sidewall 3 is steel it is preferred to use explosion bonding or brazing. Even though the sidewall busbar 4 can be a unitary, monolithic planar busbar 4, which even extends in length beyond the length of the sidewall 3 and which is usually of uniform thickness for its total length including the length beyond the sidewall 3, such busbar 9 can nevertheless be desirably interface bonded to the sidewall 3. Such bonding can provide for an integral electrical unit achieving desirable efficiency of cathode operation. It is also to be understood that the busbar extension 11 may be an attachment to the sidewall busbar 4. Such attachment can be by metallurgical means, e.g., welding, or by mechanical means such as bolting.
It is to be.understood that the intercell connectors 5 including the spacers 7, and posts 8, will be made of any material of construction usually utilized for such items, e.g., copper. Furthermore, the cathode 2044Q~~
jumper connectors 12 will have electrically insulating tubular conduits 13, as well as lugs 14 as conventionally employed for such electrolytic cells, e.g., copper lugs 14. For cooling, the sidewall busbar cooling conduit passageway 15 may take any desired form for supplying cooling to the sidewall busbar 4. Usually such passageway 15 will be fashioned in the form of a loop originating in and exiting from, the sidewall busbar extension 11. Where the supply of cooling liquid is to be particularly utilized during jumpering, such a loop may extend partly, e.g., substantially halfway, along the length of the sidewall busbar 4, as more particularly depicted in Fig. 1. In any event, for most efficient cooling of the sidewall busbar 4 it is always contemplated that cooling fluid will be provided to and removed from the busbar 4 in the manner as shown in Fig.
3. This sidewall busbar passageway 15 is preferably obtained by rifle drilling, i.e., deep and narrow passage drilling performed with a lathe.
3. This sidewall busbar passageway 15 is preferably obtained by rifle drilling, i.e., deep and narrow passage drilling performed with a lathe.
Claims (26)
1. In an electrolytic cell wherein the cell comprises a walled enclosure with there being at least one cathode sidewall for said enclosure, said cell having a cover over, and a cell bottom beneath, said walled enclosure, and with there being means for introducing current from outside the cell to said at least one cathode sidewall through a busbar, the improvement comprising a cathode busbar structure external to said cell, which structure has a unitary, wall-sized sidewall busbar, which unitary and wall-sized sidewall busbar is interface bonded to said at least one cathode sidewall, whereby said at least one cathode sidewall plus interface bonded sidewall busbar combine together to form a wall unit for said cell, with said sidewall busbar having at least one internal passageway for the circulation of cooling fluid therethrough.
2. The cell of claim 1, wherein said at least one cathode sidewall is a steel sidewall and said sidewall busbar is a copper or aluminum busbar.
3. The cell of claim 1, wherein said sidewall busbar is a planar busbar which is interface bonded to said at least one cathode sidewall by explosion bonding, brazing, or roll bonding.
4. The cell of claim 1, wherein the sidewall busbar is connected to at least one jumper switch, and with an impressed current being supplied through said at least one jumper switch to said busbar.
5. The cell of claim 4, wherein said sidewall busbar is a unitary, monolithic sidewall busbar.
6. The cell of claim 4, wherein said sidewall busbar has a busbar extension member secured thereto and extending beyond the length of said at least one cathode sidewall.
7. The cell of claim 4, wherein said sidewall busbar has at least one rifle drilled cooling fluid passageway.
8. The cell of claim 7, wherein said at least one rifle drilled cooling fluid passageway in said busbar extends beyond the length of said at least one cathode sidewall.
9. The cell of claim 7, wherein said at least one rifle drilled cooling fluid passageway extends one-half the length of said busbar from said at least one jumper switch.
10. The cell of claim 1, wherein said sidewall busbar is connected by means of a spacer member to at least one intercell connector.
11. A busbar for interface bonding to a cathode sidewall of an electrolytic diaphragm cell, which electrolytic cell can be utilized for brine electrolysis, which busbar is interface bonded to said cathode sidewall and comprises a planar metal busbar sized to the size of said sidewall, or larger than said cathode sidewall, said busbar being of a metal that can be interface bonded to said cathode sidewall, with said busbar having at least one internal passageway for the circulation of cooling fluid therethrough.
12. The busbar of claim 11, wherein said cathode sidewall is a steel sidewall and said busbar is a copper busbar of uniform thickness.
13. The busbar of claim 11, wherein said internal passageway of said busbar is a cooling fluid passageway that is a rifle drilled passageway.
14. The busbar of claim 11, wherein said sidewall busbar is larger than said cathode sidewall by extending beyond the length of said sidewall defining a sidewall extension portion, with the side wall extension portion connecting to at least one jumper switch, and with an impressed current being supplied through said at least one jumper switch to said busbar.
15. The busbar of claim 14, wherein said sidewall busbar is a unitary, monolithic sidewall busbar.
16. The busbar of claim 11, wherein said sidewall busbar is a wall-sized busbar having a busbar extension member secured thereto extending beyond the length of said sidewall.
17. The busbar of claim 14, wherein said at least one internal passageway through said busbar extends beyond the length of said sidewall.
18. The cell of claim 17, wherein said at least one internal passageway extends one-half the length of said busbar from said at least one jumper switch.
19. In an electrolytic cell wherein the cell comprises a walled enclosure with there being at least one cathode sidewall for said enclosure, said cell having a cover over, and a cell bottom beneath, said walled enclosure, and with there being means for introducing current from outside the cell to said at least one cathode sidewall through a sidewall busbar which extends along and beyond said at least one cathode sidewall, the improvement comprising at least one dumper switch connected to said sidewall busbar at the extension of said busbar beyond said at least one sidewall, at least one internal passageway within said sidewall busbar and extending through said sidewall busbar extension for the circulation of cooling fluid therethrough, and cooling fluid connection means connecting at said sidewall busbar extension to said at least one cooling fluid passageway.
20. The cell of claim 19, wherein said sidewall busbar is a planar busbar which is interface bonded to said at least one cathode sidewall.
21. The cell of claim 19, wherein an impressed current is supplied through said at least one jumper switch to said busbar.
22. The cell of claim 19, wherein said sidewall busbar is a unitary, monolithic sidewall busbar which extends beyond the length of said at least one cathode sidewall.
23. The cell of claim 19, wherein said sidewall busbar is a wall-sized busbar and said busbar extension is a busbar member secured thereto.
24. The cell of claim 19, wherein said at least one internal passageway of said sidewall busbar is a rifle drilled cooling fluid passageway.
25. The cell of claim 19, wherein said at least one cooling fluid passageway in said busbar extends one-half the length of said busbar from said at least one jumper switch.
26. The cell of claim 19, wherein said sidewall busbar is connected by means of a spacer member to at least one intercell connector.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/552,731 US5137612A (en) | 1990-07-13 | 1990-07-13 | Bonded busbar for diaphragm cell cathode |
US552,731 | 1990-07-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2044056A1 CA2044056A1 (en) | 1992-01-14 |
CA2044056C true CA2044056C (en) | 2000-07-18 |
Family
ID=24206565
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002044056A Expired - Fee Related CA2044056C (en) | 1990-07-13 | 1991-06-06 | Bonded busbar for diaphragm cell cathode |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5137612A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0466156B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH04232291A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE102662T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9102647A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2044056C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69101346T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2049507T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5306410A (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 1994-04-26 | Farmer Thomas E | Method and device for electrically coupling a conductor to the metal surface of an electrolytic cell wall |
CN1048041C (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2000-01-05 | 北京化工机械厂 | Single-pole ion-membrane electrolysis device |
IT1293840B1 (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-03-10 | De Nora Spa | IMPROVED DIAPHRAGM CHLOR-SODA ELECTROLYSIS |
US6328860B1 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2001-12-11 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Diaphragm cell cathode busbar structure |
US10128486B2 (en) | 2015-03-13 | 2018-11-13 | Purdue Research Foundation | Current interrupt devices, methods thereof, and battery assemblies manufactured therewith |
KR102131344B1 (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-07-07 | 경원에너텍 주식회사 | Electrode module for electrolysis device |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2865834A (en) * | 1953-02-24 | 1958-12-23 | Monsanto Chemicals | Electrolytic alkali halogen cell |
US3432422A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1969-03-11 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Current conducting members for electrolytic cell |
BE637692A (en) * | 1962-09-20 | |||
DE2040887C3 (en) * | 1969-09-17 | 1979-08-30 | Solvay & Cie., Bruessel | Connection device for electrolysis cells |
JPS5119428B1 (en) * | 1971-03-09 | 1976-06-17 | ||
US3778680A (en) * | 1972-09-26 | 1973-12-11 | D Vaneerden | High amperage switch apparatus with resiliently mounted fluid cooled terminals |
FR2224206A1 (en) * | 1973-04-06 | 1974-10-31 | Alsthom Cgee | Internally pressurised bellows arrangement - acting as electrode separator in electrochemical systems |
US3904504A (en) * | 1974-01-03 | 1975-09-09 | Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp | Cathode busbar structure and cathode finger structure combination for an electrolytic cell |
US3859196A (en) * | 1974-01-03 | 1975-01-07 | Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp | Electrolytic cell including cathode busbar structure, cathode fingers, and anode base |
US4178225A (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1979-12-11 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Cathode busbar structure |
US4834859A (en) * | 1988-04-12 | 1989-05-30 | Oxytech Systems, Inc. | Diaphragm cell cathode assembly |
-
1990
- 1990-07-13 US US07/552,731 patent/US5137612A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-06-06 CA CA002044056A patent/CA2044056C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-24 BR BR919102647A patent/BR9102647A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-11 ES ES91111564T patent/ES2049507T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-11 DE DE69101346T patent/DE69101346T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-11 AT AT91111564T patent/ATE102662T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-11 EP EP91111564A patent/EP0466156B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-12 JP JP3172417A patent/JPH04232291A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0466156A1 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
DE69101346D1 (en) | 1994-04-14 |
ES2049507T3 (en) | 1994-04-16 |
BR9102647A (en) | 1992-02-11 |
US5137612A (en) | 1992-08-11 |
JPH04232291A (en) | 1992-08-20 |
DE69101346T2 (en) | 1994-08-11 |
CA2044056A1 (en) | 1992-01-14 |
ATE102662T1 (en) | 1994-03-15 |
EP0466156B1 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
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EEER | Examination request | ||
MKLA | Lapsed |