CA1036978A - Bipolar electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Bipolar electrolytic cellInfo
- Publication number
- CA1036978A CA1036978A CA194,699A CA194699A CA1036978A CA 1036978 A CA1036978 A CA 1036978A CA 194699 A CA194699 A CA 194699A CA 1036978 A CA1036978 A CA 1036978A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cathodes
- electroconductive
- connecting plate
- anodes
- openings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention provides an improved bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell wherein the cell is constructed of a plurality of bipole units which divide the cell into a plurality of single cells and have the structure to be easily assembled.
In a bipole unit, electrodes are fixed to a partition so that the anodes of one cell may be arranged in a back-to-back relationship with the cathodes of the adjacent cell and the electrical contact may be maintained between the two.
The present invention provides an improved bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell wherein the cell is constructed of a plurality of bipole units which divide the cell into a plurality of single cells and have the structure to be easily assembled.
In a bipole unit, electrodes are fixed to a partition so that the anodes of one cell may be arranged in a back-to-back relationship with the cathodes of the adjacent cell and the electrical contact may be maintained between the two.
Description
1~3~9~8 1 Background of the Invention:
The present invention relates to a bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell and more particularly to an improved bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell including a novel bipole unit wherein means for the electrical and mechanical connection between the anodes and cathodes is improved.
The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cells which are presented by Japanese patent publication No. 5,1951, and Japanese patent application No.
21946, 1970 have been hitherto known. The former is a typical bipolar electrolytic cell which is well-known as "Nisso type". The latter, which was published in the bulletin of Japan Soda Industry Association "Soda and Chlorine" Vol. 22, No. 254, is an improved electrolytic cell on the former.
Both of these electrolytic cells have the feature which is mentioned in the claim of Japanese Patent Publication No. 5~1951, as follows:
A rectangular electrolytic cell is divided into a plurality of single cells by partitions arranged perpendicularly to the major axis of the cell. Each single cell incIudes several graphite anode plates fixed to the partition in the same direction and several cathodes constructed of metal wire screen in the shape of a flat bag and arranged to the side opposite the anode plates. Each cathode is fixed to a backscreen, a comb-like assembly, and is covered with a permeable diaphragm. The partition between any single cell and the adjacent single cell includes a hollow passage for catholyte and the anode is electrically connected with the cathode at said hollow passage in the partition.
The difference between the two types is that the former electro-lytic cell is box-shaped and the anodes and cathodes are fixed to the partition, while the latter electrolytic cell is channel-shaped (a shape that the opposite two side walls of the box are removed) and the anodes and the cathodes of both ends of electrolytic cell are directly fixed to the side walls and sald side walls are fixed to the electrolytic cell llke a flange to form a box-shaped electrolytic cell.
The present invention is a further improvement on the latter, the ' q~
1(~3f~97~ :
1 electroly~ic cell of the present invention having a metal anode instead of a graphite anode and a novel mechanical and electrical connection between electrodes.
In the above-mentioned electrolytic cell of Japanese patent application No. 21946, 1970, lead welding is adopted for the mechanical and electrical connection between the anodes and the cathodes, and the mechanical connection of the anode to the anode side wall, it being necessary that the anode be fixed to the wall so that the rubber lining will not be damaged by heat.
I0 In the present invention screw fastenings are used throughout.
The ob~ect of the present invention is to provide an improved bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell which is easy to assemble and disassemble.
Another object is to provide a bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell having an improved mechanical and electrical connection between the cathode and anode.
Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description.
Herein the term "bipole unit" is used to describe the bipolar assembly wherein the anodes of one cell are mounted on a partition in a back-to-back relationship with the cathodes of the adjacent cell and electrical contact is maintained between the two.
The partition, which serves as a supporting wall for the anodes and cathodes in the back-to-back relationship, physically separates the cells within the over-all cell housing. The term "single cell" is used to describe the each cell as separated by the partition and a single cell includes the anodes of one bipole unit and the cathodes of the adjacent bipole unit. The term "anode side wall" apd "cathode side wall" are used to describe the peripheral wall of the cell for mounting the anodes of the end single cell and the cathodes of the opposite end single cell respectively.
Brief Descri~tion of the Drawin~s:
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the electrolytic cell of the present 3ti97~
1 invention with portions of the cell broken away.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the ~Iectrolytic cell with portions of the cell housing and the anode broken away.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the cover of the electrolytic cell.
Fig. 4 is an elevational view of the partition with portions broken away, Fi~, 5 is a lon~itudinal sectional view of the partition taken on line X-Y of Fig. 4.
Fig, 6 is a side view of the anode with portions of the side of the anode broken away, Fig, 7 is a plan view of the anode.
Fig, ~ is an elevational view of the anode, Fig, 9 is a side view of the cathode with portions of the slde metal wire screen broken away, Fig. 10 is a plan view of the cathode assembly with portions broken away, Fig, 11 is an elevational view of the cathode assembly with por-tions broken away, Fig, 12 is an elevational view of the current-connecting plate with portions broken away, Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of the current-connecting plate taken on line X-Y of Fig. 12.
Figs. 14 and 15 are longitudinal sectional views of the essential parts of the bipole unit illustrating alternate means for mounting the anodes and cathodes to the partition.
Fig. 16 illustrates means for mounting the anodes to the anode side wall of the cell.
Fig. 17 illustrates means for mounting the cathodes to the cathode side wall of the cell.
Detailed Description of the Drawings:
Figs. 1 and 2 show a plan view and a side view respectively of the whole cell of the present invention and illustrate the preferred embodiment 1 of the present lnvention.
The cell housing 1 is channel~shaped, the opposite two side walls of the box being removed and the top side being open and its inner surface has a suitable protective coating, such as of rubber, ln order to prevent corrosion. The cell houslng 1 has guides 11 for mounting partitions 6, open-ings 12 therethrough for extending the outlet pipe 62 of catholyte, and openings 13 for mounting the anolyte level gage. Channel-shaped cell housing 1 is connected to the anode side wall 2 and the cathode side wall 3 in the manner of a flange to form the box-like outer shell of the cell.
The cell housing 1 may be unitary with the anode side wall 2, but the cathode side wall 3 is preferably removably connected to the cell housing 1 in order that it may be removed when renewing the diaphragm. The opening 13 may be a single opening. The anode side wall 2 has a suitable Protective coating, such as of rubber, at the inner surface and has openings there-through for extending electroconductive bars of the anode 4 outwardly.
The cathode side wall 3 also has a suitable protective coating, such as of rubber, on the inner surface and has an inner chamber for passage of the catholyte, a window-like opening for mounting the cathode 5, openings therethrough for extending electroconductive bars of the cathode outwardly, a hydrogen outlet pipe 31 and a catholyte outlet pipe 32. The partitions 6 have a suitable protective coating, such as of rubber, on the outer surface, and has an inner chamber for passage of catholyte, a back plate 65 having openings therethrough for the electroconductive bars of the anode.
There is a window-like opening at the side opposite the back plate, said window-like opening serving for the passage of catholyte, a hydrogen outlet pipe 61, and the catholyte outlet pipe 62. The partitions divide the whole cell into a plurality of compartments, namely, a plurality of single cells.
The catholyte outlet plpe 62 is removably attached to the partition and the partition carrylng said catholyte outlet pipe is vertically set in the 3~ electrolytlc cell by lnserting it into the guide 11 after both of the anodes snd cathodes are fixed thereto. The anodes 4 and the cathodes 5 are mounted ~3~7~
1 to the anode side w.lll 2 and the cathode side wall 3 respectively and mounted to the partition 6 in a back-to-back relationship to form a bipole un~t. When the bipolar electrolytic cell is assembled, the cathodes of one bipole unit lie between the anodes of the ad~acent bipole unit to form a single cell. The partitions are arranged in parallel with the anode slde wall and the cathode side wall. The anodes and cathodes are vertical and perpendicular to the partition whereby the surfaces of the anodes are parallel to the adjacent surfaces of the cathodes.
~s mentioned above, the cell housing, anode side wall, cathode side wall and the partition should have a suitable protective coating on the parts that are in contact with anolyte in order to prevent carrosion.
The bipolar cell of the present invention may be provided with only one bipole unit though a plurality of bipole units are shown in Figs.
1 and 2. The surface of the cathode is covered with a permeable diaphragm, for example, asbestos, not shown in the drawings.
In the cell of the present invention, there is the slight leakage of brine between adjacent single cells through a small space between partitions 6 and a guide 11, thereby provide an equal level of brine in each single cell. During a typical operation, brine is continuously added to each of the single cells through the corresponding opening 73 (shown in Fig. 3), and the leakage of brine does not influence the current efficiency in operation.
Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the cover of the cell. The cover is constructed of iron the inner surface of which has a suitable protective coating, such as rubber, and the cover has an opening 71 for removing chlorine, openings 72 for removing hydrogen, openings 73 for feeding brine, an opening 74 for mounting the pressure gage of the anodic compartment and the rupture plate 75.
Fig. 4 shows an elevational side view of the partition for mounting the cathode and Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the partition - 6. The partition, as partly described above, has pipe 61 for removing hydrogen, pipe 62 for discharging the catholyte, openings 63 for mounting ~3~37~
1 anodes, a backplate 65, a window-like opening with a frame 64 around lt for fixin~ the cathode assembly thcreto and a suitable protective coating at the outer surface, such as rubbcr.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show respectively a sidc view, a plan view and an elevational view of one embodiment of a metal anode employed in the present invention. Anode 4 includes a pair of laterally-spaced walls 41 and 42. The walls 41 and 42 may be solid plate or may be of forminous or louvered sheet materials. Anode 4 has one or more of horizontal electro-conductive bars 43 and ribs 44 between the walls 41 and 42 for support of the walls 41 and 42 and for electrical connection between the bar and the walls! the electroconductive bars being disposed between the walls 41 and 42.
The electroconductive bar extends outwardly from the end of the walls 41 and 42 and has the flange 45 mounted on the extension adjacent the walls, the extension being threaded at 46. The threaded flange 45 serves as means for mounting the anode to the partition and a current connecting plate. The walls 41 and 42 are preferably parallel each other.
The anode prefera~ly includes plural electroconductive bars to fix the anode to the partition securely. The walls 41 and 42 may be constructed of any suitable anodically-resistant material, preferably titanium and their surfaces should be coated with a suitable anodically-resistant electroconductive material such as a platinum group metal or the oxide of a platinum group metal. The electroconductive bars 43 are constructed of titanium or may be constructed of any good electroconductive material, such 8S iron, steel or copper the surface of which is coated with titanium.
Figs. 9, 10 and 11 show respec~ively a side view, a plan view and an elevational view of one embodiment of the cathode employed in the present - lnvention. The cathodes S are constructed of metal wire screen or the like and are covered with a permeable diaphragm, for example, asbestos. The metal wire screen may be of any suitable metal, for example iron. The cathode wall 51 takes a shape of flat bag and is hollow, in other words, a pair of parallel side walls are ~oined at their outermost ends and at ~3~ô9 7~
1 their uppcr antl lower edges thus forming a chamber enclosed except for the end which opens into the chamber of the psrtition. All of the cathodes in one single cell are perpendicularly connected to backscreen 56 at sald open ends to form a unitary body, that is to say a comb-like cathode assembly.
The backscreen 56 has a peripheral flange 57 for mounting the cathode assembly closely to the fra~le around the window of the partition. The backscreen 56 may be constructed of the same material as the wall 51 and should also be covered with a permeable diaphragm. Each of the comb-like or pectinate hollow cathodes has one or more horizontal electroconductive bars 52 and ribs 53 for support of the wall 51 and for electrical connection between the bar 52 and the wall 51, bars 52 and ribs 53 being disposed in the hollow portion of the cathode. Each cathode preferably includes plural electroconductive bars to fix the cathode assembly to the partition securely. Each electroconductive bar 52 extends outwardly from the open end of the cathode and has a flange 54 on the extending end fixed against the backscreen 56, the extended end being threaded at 55 whereby the threaded flange 54 serves as means for connecting the cathode to the current connecting plate 8, (Figs. 12 and 13.).
Figs. 12, 13 are respectively an elevational view and a longitudinal sectional view taken on line X-Y of Fig. 12 showing a current connecting plate 8 disposed at the inner chamber of the partition. The current connecting plate may be of any suitable cathodically-resistant and good electroconductive material such as iron, and has openings 81 for connecting anodes and openings 82 for connecting cathodes. The current connecting plate may be one plate connected to all the electroconductive bars of the anodes and cathodes of one bipole unit or may be plural plate, in other words, in case the anode and cathode have two electroconductive bars respectively, the current connecting plate corresponds to a plurality of pairs of electro-conductive bars of the anodes and cathodes. In the present case there are two current connecting plates. The opening 81 and 82 should form a zigzag pattern as shown in Fig. 12.
1~336g~
1 Referring now to Figs. 14, 15, 16 and 17, means for mounting anodes and cathodes on a p~rtition or a side wall is explained in detsil.
Fig. 14 lllustrates means for mounting anodes and cathodes on a partition and for connecting anodes to cathodes through current connecting plate 8. When assembling the bipole uni~ shown in Fig. 14, anodes 4 are first mounted on partition 6 and then the cathodes 5 are mounted. The electroconductive bar 43 of the anode extending through opening 63 in the backplate 65 is secured by means of the nut 47, whereby backplate 65 is interposed between flange 45 and nut 47. A gasket 48 is inserted between backplate 65 and flange 45 and a washer 49 may be provided between backplate 65 and nut 47, thereby preventing any leakage between the cathodic and anodic compartments. The gasket 48 may be any suitable anodically-resistant material which simultaneously provides a good liquid seal. The washer 49 may be a spring washer if the gasket or the coating on the partition is of material that is apt to cause permanent strain. All the anodes of one single cell are perpendicularly mounted on the partition, thus anodes of a bipole unit take a pectinate shape on the backplate of the partition.
Each of the electroconductive bars 52 of the pectinate cathodes extends through the opening 82 in the current connecting plate 8 and secured by nut 58, whereby the current connecting plate 8 is interposed between the flange 54 and the nut 58, thus the pectinate or comb-like cathode assembly is connected to the current connecting plate 8. If preferred the current connecting plate may be secured to the cathode assembly by means of welding rather than by screw connection.
The electroconductive bar 43 of the anode, which extends through opening 63 in backpla~e 65 and is secured by nut 47, further extends through an opening 81 in the current connecting plate 8 and is secured by nut 410.
The cathode assembly is as designed that the peripheral flange 57 of the backscreen 56 fits precisely within the frame 64 around the window of the partition, otherwise undue mixing of the anolyte with the catholyte may occur. The nut 410 can be manipulated through opening 59 which provides access to nut 410 and i8 disposed on the backscreen 56 opposite to the 1~3'à97f~
1 connecting point of the electroconductive bar of the anode with the current connecting plate.
The opening 59 is covered by removable plate 510 ~hich may be constructed of the same type of material as used for the backscreen of the cathode assembly or of a non-corrosive material such as ebonite or polyfluoroethylene. If the plate 510 is constructed of metal wire screen, it should be covered with a permeable diaphragm to serve as a cathode surface like other parts of the metal wlre screen. If desired the lid 510 may be secured by means of a screw, the electroconductive bar 43 of the anode having an opening therethrough for reception for reception of such a screw as shown in Fig. 14, but the said securing means need not be so limited.
In the bipole unit of the present invention, the pectinate anodes and cathodes are parallel to the partition. When the electrodes are in operative position each anode surface is parallel with each adjacent cathode surface and a uniform and narrow space may be provided between the anodic and cathodic surfaces.
Fig. 15 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the bipole unit of the present in~-ention. In the embodiment shown ln Fig. 14, openings for operating the nut 410 are on the backscreen of the comb-like cathode assembly, but in the embodiment shown in Fig. 15, openings 66 for operating ths nut 58 are on the back plate 65 of the partition. In Fig. 15, anodes are mounted to the backplate 65 of the partitlon as shown in Fig. 14, however, in this embodiment, the current connecting plate 8 is secured to the anodes before being secured to the cathodes. When assembling the bipole unit shown in Fig. 15, the current connecting plate 8 is secured to the end of the electroconductive bar 43 of the anode on the back plate 65 by inserting th~ end of the bar 43 into openings 81 (Fig. 12) and securing with the nut 410. The comb-like cathode assembly is then mounted on the partition by inserting the electroconductive bars 52 of the cathodes into ope~ings 82 (Fig. 12) ~nd blndlng the nuts 58 through openings 66. The openings 66 are disposed on the bnck plate 65 opposite to each connecting point of the _ g _ 1~336'37f~
electroconductive bars 52 of the cathodes with the current connecting plate. Openings 66 are removab]y covered by covers 67, and the lids may be constructed of any suitable non-corrosive material, such as ebonite, polyfluoroethylene, or titanium. The openings 66 and/or the covers 67 have means ~or removably covering the openings. In Fig. 15, openings 66 have the shape of a nut, and covers take the shape of bolt and are screwed in the openings, though such means are not so limited. The method and arrangement for fixing electrodes to the partition relating to the present in~ention are explained in detail by way of the above two preferred embodiments, but are not to be limited to the said two embodiments and if desired have the following structure. The cathode includi~gan electroconductive bar minus a flange for securing the cathode to the current connecting plate and minus the threaded end may be employed and the electroconductive bar may be secured directly to the current connecting plate by welding, following which the current connecting plate is secured to the anode as mentioned before.
Fig. 16 illustrates means for mounting anodes to anode side wall 2 and for connecting anodes to outer electric feeder plate 9. The anode may be mounted on anode side wall 2 in a manner identical with the mounting of the anode to the back plate of the partition. In Fig. 16, the end of the electroconductive bar 43 of the anode 4 is inserted into the opening 21 for mounting the anode, and the anode is secured to the anode side wall 2 by means of nut 47, whereby the anode side wall 2 is interposed between the flange 45 and the nut 47.
A gasket 48 is provided between the flange 45 and the anode side wall
The present invention relates to a bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell and more particularly to an improved bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell including a novel bipole unit wherein means for the electrical and mechanical connection between the anodes and cathodes is improved.
The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cells which are presented by Japanese patent publication No. 5,1951, and Japanese patent application No.
21946, 1970 have been hitherto known. The former is a typical bipolar electrolytic cell which is well-known as "Nisso type". The latter, which was published in the bulletin of Japan Soda Industry Association "Soda and Chlorine" Vol. 22, No. 254, is an improved electrolytic cell on the former.
Both of these electrolytic cells have the feature which is mentioned in the claim of Japanese Patent Publication No. 5~1951, as follows:
A rectangular electrolytic cell is divided into a plurality of single cells by partitions arranged perpendicularly to the major axis of the cell. Each single cell incIudes several graphite anode plates fixed to the partition in the same direction and several cathodes constructed of metal wire screen in the shape of a flat bag and arranged to the side opposite the anode plates. Each cathode is fixed to a backscreen, a comb-like assembly, and is covered with a permeable diaphragm. The partition between any single cell and the adjacent single cell includes a hollow passage for catholyte and the anode is electrically connected with the cathode at said hollow passage in the partition.
The difference between the two types is that the former electro-lytic cell is box-shaped and the anodes and cathodes are fixed to the partition, while the latter electrolytic cell is channel-shaped (a shape that the opposite two side walls of the box are removed) and the anodes and the cathodes of both ends of electrolytic cell are directly fixed to the side walls and sald side walls are fixed to the electrolytic cell llke a flange to form a box-shaped electrolytic cell.
The present invention is a further improvement on the latter, the ' q~
1(~3f~97~ :
1 electroly~ic cell of the present invention having a metal anode instead of a graphite anode and a novel mechanical and electrical connection between electrodes.
In the above-mentioned electrolytic cell of Japanese patent application No. 21946, 1970, lead welding is adopted for the mechanical and electrical connection between the anodes and the cathodes, and the mechanical connection of the anode to the anode side wall, it being necessary that the anode be fixed to the wall so that the rubber lining will not be damaged by heat.
I0 In the present invention screw fastenings are used throughout.
The ob~ect of the present invention is to provide an improved bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell which is easy to assemble and disassemble.
Another object is to provide a bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell having an improved mechanical and electrical connection between the cathode and anode.
Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description.
Herein the term "bipole unit" is used to describe the bipolar assembly wherein the anodes of one cell are mounted on a partition in a back-to-back relationship with the cathodes of the adjacent cell and electrical contact is maintained between the two.
The partition, which serves as a supporting wall for the anodes and cathodes in the back-to-back relationship, physically separates the cells within the over-all cell housing. The term "single cell" is used to describe the each cell as separated by the partition and a single cell includes the anodes of one bipole unit and the cathodes of the adjacent bipole unit. The term "anode side wall" apd "cathode side wall" are used to describe the peripheral wall of the cell for mounting the anodes of the end single cell and the cathodes of the opposite end single cell respectively.
Brief Descri~tion of the Drawin~s:
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the electrolytic cell of the present 3ti97~
1 invention with portions of the cell broken away.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the ~Iectrolytic cell with portions of the cell housing and the anode broken away.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the cover of the electrolytic cell.
Fig. 4 is an elevational view of the partition with portions broken away, Fi~, 5 is a lon~itudinal sectional view of the partition taken on line X-Y of Fig. 4.
Fig, 6 is a side view of the anode with portions of the side of the anode broken away, Fig, 7 is a plan view of the anode.
Fig, ~ is an elevational view of the anode, Fig, 9 is a side view of the cathode with portions of the slde metal wire screen broken away, Fig. 10 is a plan view of the cathode assembly with portions broken away, Fig, 11 is an elevational view of the cathode assembly with por-tions broken away, Fig, 12 is an elevational view of the current-connecting plate with portions broken away, Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of the current-connecting plate taken on line X-Y of Fig. 12.
Figs. 14 and 15 are longitudinal sectional views of the essential parts of the bipole unit illustrating alternate means for mounting the anodes and cathodes to the partition.
Fig. 16 illustrates means for mounting the anodes to the anode side wall of the cell.
Fig. 17 illustrates means for mounting the cathodes to the cathode side wall of the cell.
Detailed Description of the Drawings:
Figs. 1 and 2 show a plan view and a side view respectively of the whole cell of the present invention and illustrate the preferred embodiment 1 of the present lnvention.
The cell housing 1 is channel~shaped, the opposite two side walls of the box being removed and the top side being open and its inner surface has a suitable protective coating, such as of rubber, ln order to prevent corrosion. The cell houslng 1 has guides 11 for mounting partitions 6, open-ings 12 therethrough for extending the outlet pipe 62 of catholyte, and openings 13 for mounting the anolyte level gage. Channel-shaped cell housing 1 is connected to the anode side wall 2 and the cathode side wall 3 in the manner of a flange to form the box-like outer shell of the cell.
The cell housing 1 may be unitary with the anode side wall 2, but the cathode side wall 3 is preferably removably connected to the cell housing 1 in order that it may be removed when renewing the diaphragm. The opening 13 may be a single opening. The anode side wall 2 has a suitable Protective coating, such as of rubber, at the inner surface and has openings there-through for extending electroconductive bars of the anode 4 outwardly.
The cathode side wall 3 also has a suitable protective coating, such as of rubber, on the inner surface and has an inner chamber for passage of the catholyte, a window-like opening for mounting the cathode 5, openings therethrough for extending electroconductive bars of the cathode outwardly, a hydrogen outlet pipe 31 and a catholyte outlet pipe 32. The partitions 6 have a suitable protective coating, such as of rubber, on the outer surface, and has an inner chamber for passage of catholyte, a back plate 65 having openings therethrough for the electroconductive bars of the anode.
There is a window-like opening at the side opposite the back plate, said window-like opening serving for the passage of catholyte, a hydrogen outlet pipe 61, and the catholyte outlet pipe 62. The partitions divide the whole cell into a plurality of compartments, namely, a plurality of single cells.
The catholyte outlet plpe 62 is removably attached to the partition and the partition carrylng said catholyte outlet pipe is vertically set in the 3~ electrolytlc cell by lnserting it into the guide 11 after both of the anodes snd cathodes are fixed thereto. The anodes 4 and the cathodes 5 are mounted ~3~7~
1 to the anode side w.lll 2 and the cathode side wall 3 respectively and mounted to the partition 6 in a back-to-back relationship to form a bipole un~t. When the bipolar electrolytic cell is assembled, the cathodes of one bipole unit lie between the anodes of the ad~acent bipole unit to form a single cell. The partitions are arranged in parallel with the anode slde wall and the cathode side wall. The anodes and cathodes are vertical and perpendicular to the partition whereby the surfaces of the anodes are parallel to the adjacent surfaces of the cathodes.
~s mentioned above, the cell housing, anode side wall, cathode side wall and the partition should have a suitable protective coating on the parts that are in contact with anolyte in order to prevent carrosion.
The bipolar cell of the present invention may be provided with only one bipole unit though a plurality of bipole units are shown in Figs.
1 and 2. The surface of the cathode is covered with a permeable diaphragm, for example, asbestos, not shown in the drawings.
In the cell of the present invention, there is the slight leakage of brine between adjacent single cells through a small space between partitions 6 and a guide 11, thereby provide an equal level of brine in each single cell. During a typical operation, brine is continuously added to each of the single cells through the corresponding opening 73 (shown in Fig. 3), and the leakage of brine does not influence the current efficiency in operation.
Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the cover of the cell. The cover is constructed of iron the inner surface of which has a suitable protective coating, such as rubber, and the cover has an opening 71 for removing chlorine, openings 72 for removing hydrogen, openings 73 for feeding brine, an opening 74 for mounting the pressure gage of the anodic compartment and the rupture plate 75.
Fig. 4 shows an elevational side view of the partition for mounting the cathode and Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the partition - 6. The partition, as partly described above, has pipe 61 for removing hydrogen, pipe 62 for discharging the catholyte, openings 63 for mounting ~3~37~
1 anodes, a backplate 65, a window-like opening with a frame 64 around lt for fixin~ the cathode assembly thcreto and a suitable protective coating at the outer surface, such as rubbcr.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show respectively a sidc view, a plan view and an elevational view of one embodiment of a metal anode employed in the present invention. Anode 4 includes a pair of laterally-spaced walls 41 and 42. The walls 41 and 42 may be solid plate or may be of forminous or louvered sheet materials. Anode 4 has one or more of horizontal electro-conductive bars 43 and ribs 44 between the walls 41 and 42 for support of the walls 41 and 42 and for electrical connection between the bar and the walls! the electroconductive bars being disposed between the walls 41 and 42.
The electroconductive bar extends outwardly from the end of the walls 41 and 42 and has the flange 45 mounted on the extension adjacent the walls, the extension being threaded at 46. The threaded flange 45 serves as means for mounting the anode to the partition and a current connecting plate. The walls 41 and 42 are preferably parallel each other.
The anode prefera~ly includes plural electroconductive bars to fix the anode to the partition securely. The walls 41 and 42 may be constructed of any suitable anodically-resistant material, preferably titanium and their surfaces should be coated with a suitable anodically-resistant electroconductive material such as a platinum group metal or the oxide of a platinum group metal. The electroconductive bars 43 are constructed of titanium or may be constructed of any good electroconductive material, such 8S iron, steel or copper the surface of which is coated with titanium.
Figs. 9, 10 and 11 show respec~ively a side view, a plan view and an elevational view of one embodiment of the cathode employed in the present - lnvention. The cathodes S are constructed of metal wire screen or the like and are covered with a permeable diaphragm, for example, asbestos. The metal wire screen may be of any suitable metal, for example iron. The cathode wall 51 takes a shape of flat bag and is hollow, in other words, a pair of parallel side walls are ~oined at their outermost ends and at ~3~ô9 7~
1 their uppcr antl lower edges thus forming a chamber enclosed except for the end which opens into the chamber of the psrtition. All of the cathodes in one single cell are perpendicularly connected to backscreen 56 at sald open ends to form a unitary body, that is to say a comb-like cathode assembly.
The backscreen 56 has a peripheral flange 57 for mounting the cathode assembly closely to the fra~le around the window of the partition. The backscreen 56 may be constructed of the same material as the wall 51 and should also be covered with a permeable diaphragm. Each of the comb-like or pectinate hollow cathodes has one or more horizontal electroconductive bars 52 and ribs 53 for support of the wall 51 and for electrical connection between the bar 52 and the wall 51, bars 52 and ribs 53 being disposed in the hollow portion of the cathode. Each cathode preferably includes plural electroconductive bars to fix the cathode assembly to the partition securely. Each electroconductive bar 52 extends outwardly from the open end of the cathode and has a flange 54 on the extending end fixed against the backscreen 56, the extended end being threaded at 55 whereby the threaded flange 54 serves as means for connecting the cathode to the current connecting plate 8, (Figs. 12 and 13.).
Figs. 12, 13 are respectively an elevational view and a longitudinal sectional view taken on line X-Y of Fig. 12 showing a current connecting plate 8 disposed at the inner chamber of the partition. The current connecting plate may be of any suitable cathodically-resistant and good electroconductive material such as iron, and has openings 81 for connecting anodes and openings 82 for connecting cathodes. The current connecting plate may be one plate connected to all the electroconductive bars of the anodes and cathodes of one bipole unit or may be plural plate, in other words, in case the anode and cathode have two electroconductive bars respectively, the current connecting plate corresponds to a plurality of pairs of electro-conductive bars of the anodes and cathodes. In the present case there are two current connecting plates. The opening 81 and 82 should form a zigzag pattern as shown in Fig. 12.
1~336g~
1 Referring now to Figs. 14, 15, 16 and 17, means for mounting anodes and cathodes on a p~rtition or a side wall is explained in detsil.
Fig. 14 lllustrates means for mounting anodes and cathodes on a partition and for connecting anodes to cathodes through current connecting plate 8. When assembling the bipole uni~ shown in Fig. 14, anodes 4 are first mounted on partition 6 and then the cathodes 5 are mounted. The electroconductive bar 43 of the anode extending through opening 63 in the backplate 65 is secured by means of the nut 47, whereby backplate 65 is interposed between flange 45 and nut 47. A gasket 48 is inserted between backplate 65 and flange 45 and a washer 49 may be provided between backplate 65 and nut 47, thereby preventing any leakage between the cathodic and anodic compartments. The gasket 48 may be any suitable anodically-resistant material which simultaneously provides a good liquid seal. The washer 49 may be a spring washer if the gasket or the coating on the partition is of material that is apt to cause permanent strain. All the anodes of one single cell are perpendicularly mounted on the partition, thus anodes of a bipole unit take a pectinate shape on the backplate of the partition.
Each of the electroconductive bars 52 of the pectinate cathodes extends through the opening 82 in the current connecting plate 8 and secured by nut 58, whereby the current connecting plate 8 is interposed between the flange 54 and the nut 58, thus the pectinate or comb-like cathode assembly is connected to the current connecting plate 8. If preferred the current connecting plate may be secured to the cathode assembly by means of welding rather than by screw connection.
The electroconductive bar 43 of the anode, which extends through opening 63 in backpla~e 65 and is secured by nut 47, further extends through an opening 81 in the current connecting plate 8 and is secured by nut 410.
The cathode assembly is as designed that the peripheral flange 57 of the backscreen 56 fits precisely within the frame 64 around the window of the partition, otherwise undue mixing of the anolyte with the catholyte may occur. The nut 410 can be manipulated through opening 59 which provides access to nut 410 and i8 disposed on the backscreen 56 opposite to the 1~3'à97f~
1 connecting point of the electroconductive bar of the anode with the current connecting plate.
The opening 59 is covered by removable plate 510 ~hich may be constructed of the same type of material as used for the backscreen of the cathode assembly or of a non-corrosive material such as ebonite or polyfluoroethylene. If the plate 510 is constructed of metal wire screen, it should be covered with a permeable diaphragm to serve as a cathode surface like other parts of the metal wlre screen. If desired the lid 510 may be secured by means of a screw, the electroconductive bar 43 of the anode having an opening therethrough for reception for reception of such a screw as shown in Fig. 14, but the said securing means need not be so limited.
In the bipole unit of the present invention, the pectinate anodes and cathodes are parallel to the partition. When the electrodes are in operative position each anode surface is parallel with each adjacent cathode surface and a uniform and narrow space may be provided between the anodic and cathodic surfaces.
Fig. 15 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the bipole unit of the present in~-ention. In the embodiment shown ln Fig. 14, openings for operating the nut 410 are on the backscreen of the comb-like cathode assembly, but in the embodiment shown in Fig. 15, openings 66 for operating ths nut 58 are on the back plate 65 of the partition. In Fig. 15, anodes are mounted to the backplate 65 of the partitlon as shown in Fig. 14, however, in this embodiment, the current connecting plate 8 is secured to the anodes before being secured to the cathodes. When assembling the bipole unit shown in Fig. 15, the current connecting plate 8 is secured to the end of the electroconductive bar 43 of the anode on the back plate 65 by inserting th~ end of the bar 43 into openings 81 (Fig. 12) and securing with the nut 410. The comb-like cathode assembly is then mounted on the partition by inserting the electroconductive bars 52 of the cathodes into ope~ings 82 (Fig. 12) ~nd blndlng the nuts 58 through openings 66. The openings 66 are disposed on the bnck plate 65 opposite to each connecting point of the _ g _ 1~336'37f~
electroconductive bars 52 of the cathodes with the current connecting plate. Openings 66 are removab]y covered by covers 67, and the lids may be constructed of any suitable non-corrosive material, such as ebonite, polyfluoroethylene, or titanium. The openings 66 and/or the covers 67 have means ~or removably covering the openings. In Fig. 15, openings 66 have the shape of a nut, and covers take the shape of bolt and are screwed in the openings, though such means are not so limited. The method and arrangement for fixing electrodes to the partition relating to the present in~ention are explained in detail by way of the above two preferred embodiments, but are not to be limited to the said two embodiments and if desired have the following structure. The cathode includi~gan electroconductive bar minus a flange for securing the cathode to the current connecting plate and minus the threaded end may be employed and the electroconductive bar may be secured directly to the current connecting plate by welding, following which the current connecting plate is secured to the anode as mentioned before.
Fig. 16 illustrates means for mounting anodes to anode side wall 2 and for connecting anodes to outer electric feeder plate 9. The anode may be mounted on anode side wall 2 in a manner identical with the mounting of the anode to the back plate of the partition. In Fig. 16, the end of the electroconductive bar 43 of the anode 4 is inserted into the opening 21 for mounting the anode, and the anode is secured to the anode side wall 2 by means of nut 47, whereby the anode side wall 2 is interposed between the flange 45 and the nut 47.
A gasket 48 is provided between the flange 45 and the anode side wall
2 and a washer 49 is provided between the anode side wall 2 and the nut 47. The electroconductive bar 43 of the anode is further connected to the outer electric feeder plate 9 by inserting the end of the bar 43 into an opening in said outer electric feeder plate 9 and securing by méans of nut 410. The inner surface of the anode side wall 2 has a suitable protective coating 22, such as rubber.
Fig. 17 illustrates means for mounting cathodes on the cathode cide wall 3 and for connecting cathodes to the outer electric feeder plate 9.
1 In Fig. 17, the end of the elcctroconductivc bar 52 of the cathode 5 i8 inserted into the opening 33 in the backplate 36 of the cathode side wall
Fig. 17 illustrates means for mounting cathodes on the cathode cide wall 3 and for connecting cathodes to the outer electric feeder plate 9.
1 In Fig. 17, the end of the elcctroconductivc bar 52 of the cathode 5 i8 inserted into the opening 33 in the backplate 36 of the cathode side wall
3 and the cathode is secured by means of the nut 58. Gaskets 3~ and 35 are provided between the flange 54 and the backplate 36 of the cathode Ride wall and between the backplate 36 and the nut 58 respectively, thereby preventing leakage of catholyte through opening 33. The end of the bar 52 i~ further inserted into the opening of the outer electric feeder plate 9 and secured by nut 511. The outer surface of the wall at the side opposite the back plate 36 has a suitable protective coating 37, such as rubber.
lQ In the bipole unit and the cathode side wall shown in Fig. 17, each hollow cathode communicates with the chamber inside the partition and the cathode side wall through the opening end of the cathode, and forms the cathodic compartment.
By the way, in a conventional electrolytic cell, for example the cell described in Japanese patent application No. 5, 1951 or the cell described in Japanese patent application No. 21946, 1970, each flat bag-shaped cathode does not include the electroconductive bar, and the current connecting plate is directly secured by welding to the cathode backscreen on which each cathode is secured to form a comb-like cathode assembly. Further, when the cathode is mounted on the cathode side wall, two or three electroconductive bars extending to the outside of the cell are connected to said current connecting plate. In such case, the part where the electroconductive bar is drawn out is sealed with the asbestos yarn or coal-tar.
The bipolar electrolytic cell of the present invention is similar to the conventional ones with the exception that the bipolar cell of the present invention has the metal anode instead of graphite anode and has the novel structure for mounting the electrodes to the partition or the side wall and for electrical connection. According to the present invention, it i8 easy to renew a diaphragm, repair the electrodes, and assemble and dlsas~emble the cell and further, the assembling and disassembling can be conducted under good environmental sanitation because the lead welding is 7~3 not employed. In addition, the electric resistance at the electrical connection i5 sufficiently small and the cell of the present inventlon can be very precisely assembled, so that it is possible to reduce the size of the space between the anode and cathode and to operate the cell with small voltage loss, and since sealing of the anolyte between each single cell is accomplished current efficiency is excellent.
The method of operation is the same as in a conventional diaphragm electrolytic cell but superior results are attained. The current capacity is so large as to be equal to that in mercury cell and the floor space of the cell of the present invention is much smaller than that of a mercury cell so that an extremely economical operation can be attained.
With regard to the efficiency, one example of the present invention is given as below.
The electrolytic cell is 2050 mm in outer width, 3500 mm in length and 1500 mm in height and includes five compartments. Each compartment includes twenty-one anodes and twenty cathodes, the electrodes being 875 mm high and 570 mm long. The gap between the anode surface and the cathode surface is no greater than 10 mm.
When operating this cell under a current density of 20 A/dm , the current capacity is 200 KA which corresponds to the productive capacity of caustic soda of 200 t./month, and such productive capacity corresponds to ten times that of a conventional bipolar electrolytic cell. The floor space of the above-mentioned cell is 1.06 m /NaOH t./day which corresponds to below i/4 of that of a conventional bipolar electrolytic cell, therefore the routine work becomes easy and the cost of the equipment becomes cheap.
The voltage loss at the current connecting elements in the bipole unit is ordinarily 50mV or less. Even if the space between the anode and cathode is 10 mm, the electrodes can be easily assembled and the space can be further reduced. The cell voltage may be as low as 3.4 to 3.6 V in a single cell. The electrolytic results and the quality of product cannot be precisely forecast because they are influenced not only by the cell structure but also by the kind of diaphragm and by other conditions. However, 1~3~7l3 1 one set of data ls referred to below. The current: 40 KA; the current capacity: 200 KA; the current density: 20 A/dm ; cell voltage: 3.5 V/single cell; the current efflciency: 96%; composition of catholyte: NaOH 140g/L, NaC103 0.2g/L; the composition of anode gas: C12 98.5%, C02 0.2%, 2 0.6%, ~2 0.1%.
As above mentioned, bipolar electrolytic cell of the presentinvention is a superior cell which surpasses the conventional diaphragm electrolytic cell.
As many different embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments except as defined in the appended claims.
lQ In the bipole unit and the cathode side wall shown in Fig. 17, each hollow cathode communicates with the chamber inside the partition and the cathode side wall through the opening end of the cathode, and forms the cathodic compartment.
By the way, in a conventional electrolytic cell, for example the cell described in Japanese patent application No. 5, 1951 or the cell described in Japanese patent application No. 21946, 1970, each flat bag-shaped cathode does not include the electroconductive bar, and the current connecting plate is directly secured by welding to the cathode backscreen on which each cathode is secured to form a comb-like cathode assembly. Further, when the cathode is mounted on the cathode side wall, two or three electroconductive bars extending to the outside of the cell are connected to said current connecting plate. In such case, the part where the electroconductive bar is drawn out is sealed with the asbestos yarn or coal-tar.
The bipolar electrolytic cell of the present invention is similar to the conventional ones with the exception that the bipolar cell of the present invention has the metal anode instead of graphite anode and has the novel structure for mounting the electrodes to the partition or the side wall and for electrical connection. According to the present invention, it i8 easy to renew a diaphragm, repair the electrodes, and assemble and dlsas~emble the cell and further, the assembling and disassembling can be conducted under good environmental sanitation because the lead welding is 7~3 not employed. In addition, the electric resistance at the electrical connection i5 sufficiently small and the cell of the present inventlon can be very precisely assembled, so that it is possible to reduce the size of the space between the anode and cathode and to operate the cell with small voltage loss, and since sealing of the anolyte between each single cell is accomplished current efficiency is excellent.
The method of operation is the same as in a conventional diaphragm electrolytic cell but superior results are attained. The current capacity is so large as to be equal to that in mercury cell and the floor space of the cell of the present invention is much smaller than that of a mercury cell so that an extremely economical operation can be attained.
With regard to the efficiency, one example of the present invention is given as below.
The electrolytic cell is 2050 mm in outer width, 3500 mm in length and 1500 mm in height and includes five compartments. Each compartment includes twenty-one anodes and twenty cathodes, the electrodes being 875 mm high and 570 mm long. The gap between the anode surface and the cathode surface is no greater than 10 mm.
When operating this cell under a current density of 20 A/dm , the current capacity is 200 KA which corresponds to the productive capacity of caustic soda of 200 t./month, and such productive capacity corresponds to ten times that of a conventional bipolar electrolytic cell. The floor space of the above-mentioned cell is 1.06 m /NaOH t./day which corresponds to below i/4 of that of a conventional bipolar electrolytic cell, therefore the routine work becomes easy and the cost of the equipment becomes cheap.
The voltage loss at the current connecting elements in the bipole unit is ordinarily 50mV or less. Even if the space between the anode and cathode is 10 mm, the electrodes can be easily assembled and the space can be further reduced. The cell voltage may be as low as 3.4 to 3.6 V in a single cell. The electrolytic results and the quality of product cannot be precisely forecast because they are influenced not only by the cell structure but also by the kind of diaphragm and by other conditions. However, 1~3~7l3 1 one set of data ls referred to below. The current: 40 KA; the current capacity: 200 KA; the current density: 20 A/dm ; cell voltage: 3.5 V/single cell; the current efflciency: 96%; composition of catholyte: NaOH 140g/L, NaC103 0.2g/L; the composition of anode gas: C12 98.5%, C02 0.2%, 2 0.6%, ~2 0.1%.
As above mentioned, bipolar electrolytic cell of the presentinvention is a superior cell which surpasses the conventional diaphragm electrolytic cell.
As many different embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments except as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (25)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell for electrolytic decomposition of chlor-alkali divided into a plurality of single cells by plural bipole units, each of said bipole units having an elongated comb-like cathode assembly which includes pectinate hollow cathodes and a backscreen to which said cathodes are connected, elongated pectinate hollow anodes and a hollow partition having a front wall and a backplate spaced from said front wall, said backplate having openings for securing said anodes and said front wall having a window for securing said cathode assembly on the side of said front wall opposite said backplate, the cathodic compartments being formed by combining the hollow portions of said cathodes and said partition, an electrode securing means including one or more electroconductive bars disposed in said hollow portions of each anode and each cathode respectively and extending into said hollow portion of the partition, and one or more current connecting plates having connect-ing openings for connecting to the electroconductive bars of the anodes and cathodes,said current connecting plate or plates disposed in said hollow portion of the partition of each bipole unit, said electroconductive bars of the anodes and cathodes being electrically and mechanically inter-connected through said current connecting plate or plates, the points of connection between the electroconductive bars of the anodes and said current connecting plate or plates being situated so as to be opposite to the backscreen between adjacent cathodes.
2. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 1, wherein the or each said current connecting plate has openings for connecting to the electroconductive bars of the anodes, each of said electroconductive bars of the anodes having a flange for mounting on the backplate and extending through an opening in said backplate and an opening in the current connecting plate, said bars being securable to said current connecting plate and to said backplate by screw means.
3. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 2, wherein said screw means comprises a nut threadedly engaged with a threaded end of the electroconductive bar.
4. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 3, wherein the backscreen is provided with openings having removable covers, each of said openings providing access to said nut and being located opposite the connecting point of the current connecting plate with the electroconductive bar of the anode.
5. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 4, wherein said cover is provided with a screw engageable with a threaded opening in said electroconductive bar for securement of said cover to said bar.
6. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 2, wherein the or each said current connecting plate has openings for connecting to the electroconductive bars of the cathodes, and each of said electroconductive bars of the cathodes has a flange securable to the current connecting plate and extending through said opening in the current connecting plate and is secured by screw means to said current connecting plate and said backscreen.
7. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 6, wherein said screw means comprises a nut threadedly secured to a threaded end region of the electroconductive bar of the cathode.
8. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 7, wherein the backplate is provided with openings having removable covers, each of said openings providing access to said nut and being located opposite the connecting point of the current connecting plate with the electroconductive bar of the cathode.
9. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 1, wherein the cell housing is channel-shaped, and the anode side wall and the cathode side wall are connected to said cell housing like a flange to form a box-like outer shell of the cell.
10. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 9, wherein said cell housing includes guides for vertically mounting and removing the bipole units.
11. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 1, wherein the anodes and cathodes are perpendicular to said partition, and the surfaces of the anodes are parallel with the opposing surfaces of the cathodes.
12. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 11 wherein the space between said anodes and said cathodes is no greater than 10 mm.
13. A bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell assembly, divided into a plurality of single cells as a plurality of bipole units, each of said bipole units having elongated comb-like anodes and cathodes (4,5) including pectinate anode and cathode hollow portions, a diaphragm on said cathodes, a backscreen (56) having openings, on which said cathodes are connected, a partition (6) with hollow portions having a backplate (65) with openings (63) for securing said anodes, a window (64) for securing said cathode opposite said backplate (65) forming cathodic compartments by combining the hollow portions of said cathodes and said partition, further comprising:
a. an electrode securing means including one or more electro-conductive bars (43,52) disposed in said hollow portions of each anode and each cathode and extending to said partition hollow portion;
b. one or more current connecting plates (8) having connecting openings (81,82) for connecting to the electroconductive bars of the anodes and cathodes, disposed in said partition hollow portion of each bipole unit, said electroconductive bars (43,52) of the anodes and cathodes being electrically interconnected to said connecting openings (81,82) of said current connecting plates, each of said connecting anode openings (81) being so situated as to be opposite to the backscreen (56) between adjacent cathodes;
c. said electroconductive bars of said anodes having a flange (45) for mounting to the backplate (65) and extending through said opening in the backplate and the opening in the current connecting plate (8);
d. said electroconductive bars of said cathodes having a flange (54) for mounting to the backscreen (56) and extending through said opening in the backscreen and the opening in the current connecting plate (8); and, e. screw means (47,58) securing said electroconductive bars of said anodes to said backplate and connecting plate, and securing said electroconductive bars of said cathodes to said backscreen and connecting plate.
a. an electrode securing means including one or more electro-conductive bars (43,52) disposed in said hollow portions of each anode and each cathode and extending to said partition hollow portion;
b. one or more current connecting plates (8) having connecting openings (81,82) for connecting to the electroconductive bars of the anodes and cathodes, disposed in said partition hollow portion of each bipole unit, said electroconductive bars (43,52) of the anodes and cathodes being electrically interconnected to said connecting openings (81,82) of said current connecting plates, each of said connecting anode openings (81) being so situated as to be opposite to the backscreen (56) between adjacent cathodes;
c. said electroconductive bars of said anodes having a flange (45) for mounting to the backplate (65) and extending through said opening in the backplate and the opening in the current connecting plate (8);
d. said electroconductive bars of said cathodes having a flange (54) for mounting to the backscreen (56) and extending through said opening in the backscreen and the opening in the current connecting plate (8); and, e. screw means (47,58) securing said electroconductive bars of said anodes to said backplate and connecting plate, and securing said electroconductive bars of said cathodes to said backscreen and connecting plate.
14. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 13 wherein said screw means securing said electroconductive bars of said anodes comprises nuts and a spiral groove provided to the electroconductive bar of the anode.
15. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 14 wherein the backscreen has openings with removably attached lids, each of said openings with removably attached lids providing access to said nut and being disposed at the point opposite the connecting opening of the current connecting plate for the electroconductive bar of the anode.
16. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 15 wherein said lid has a screw and the electroconductive bar of the anode has an opening therethrough for reception of said screw at the top thereof.
17. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 13 wherein said screw means securing said electroconductive bars of said cathodes comprises a nut and a spiral groove provided to the electro-conductive bar of the cathode.
18. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 17 wherein the backplate has openings with removably attached lids, each of said openings with removably attached lids providing access to said nut and being disposed at the point opposite the connecting opening of the current connecting plate with the electroconductive bar of the cathode.
19. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 13 wherein the cell housing is channel-shaped, and the anode side wall and the cathode side wall are connected to said cell housing like a flange to form a box-like outer shell of the cell.
20. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 19 wherein said cell housing includes guides for vertically mounting and removing the bipole units.
21. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 13 wherein the anodes and cathodes are perpendicular to said partition, and the surfaces of anode are parallel with the opposing surfaces of cathode.
22. A bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell for electrolytic decomposition of chlor-alkali divided into a plurality of single cells by plural bipole units, each of said bipole units having an elongated comb-like cathode assembly which includes pectinate hollow cathodes and a backscreen to which said cathodes are connected, a diaphragm on said cathodes, elongated pectinate hollow anodes and a hollow partition which has a backplate having openings for fixing said anodes and a window for fixing said cathode assembly at the side opposite said backplate, the cathodic compartments being formed by combining the hollow portions of said cathodes and said partition, which comprises one or more electro-conductive bars disposed in said hollow portions of said anode and each cathode respectively and extending to said hollow portion of the partition, and one or more current connecting plates connected mechanically and electrically to said electroconductive bars of cathodes and disposed in said hollow portion of the partition of each bipole unit, said current connecting plate having openings for connecting to the electroconductive bars of the anodes, each of said electroconductive bars of the anodes having a flange for mounting on the backplate and a threaded end and extending through the opening in the backplate and the opening in the current connecting plate and being secured by nuts, the nuts interleaving with the current connecting plate, said backscreen having openings with removably attached lids, each of said openings in the backscreen providing access to a nut disposed at the backscreen side of the current connecting plate and being disposed at the point opposite the connecting point of the current connecting plate with the electroconductive bar of the anode.
23. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic cell defined in claim 22 wherein said current connecting plate has openings for connecting to the electroconductive bars of the cathodes, and each of said electroconductive bars of the cathodes has a flange for securing to the current connecting plate and a threaded end and extends through said opening in the current connecting plate and is secured by a nut wherein the backplate has openings with removably attached lids, each of said openings with removably attached lids being disposed at the point opposite the connecting point of the current connecting plate with the electroconductive bar of the cathode and providing access to said nut secured to the electroconductive bar of the cathode.
24. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic diaphragm cell defined in claim 22 wherein the cell housing is channel-shaped and the anode side wall and the cathode side wall are connected to said cell housing like a flange to form a box-like outer shell of the cell.
25. The bipolar diaphragm electrolytic diaphragm cell defined in claim 22 wherein the cell housing is channel-shaped, and the anode side wall and the cathode side wall are connected to said cell housing like a flange to form a box-like outer shell of the cell.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2917173A JPS5647267B2 (en) | 1973-03-13 | 1973-03-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1036978A true CA1036978A (en) | 1978-08-22 |
Family
ID=12268782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA194,699A Expired CA1036978A (en) | 1973-03-13 | 1974-03-12 | Bipolar electrolytic cell |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3902984A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5647267B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE812252A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1036978A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2412132C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2221184B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1441063A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7403331A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4016064A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-04-05 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Diaphragm cell cathode structure |
| BR9407412A (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1996-11-12 | Hydrogen Tech Ltd | Improvements in electrolysis systems |
| NO303071B1 (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1998-05-25 | Norsk Hydro As | Diaphragm element for filter press electrolysers |
| AU8212298A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 1998-12-21 | De Nora S.P.A. | Ion exchange membrane bipolar electrolyzer |
| US20200006813A1 (en) * | 2017-01-30 | 2020-01-02 | R-Cube Energy Storage System LLP | High temperature batteries |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2858263A (en) * | 1954-08-25 | 1958-10-28 | Dow Chemical Co | Diaphragm type electrolytic cell |
| US3247090A (en) * | 1962-09-17 | 1966-04-19 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Electrolytic cell |
| US3337443A (en) * | 1964-03-04 | 1967-08-22 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Electrolytic cell |
| ZA703723B (en) * | 1969-06-24 | 1972-01-26 | Ppg Industries Inc | Diaphragm cell |
| US3759813A (en) * | 1970-07-17 | 1973-09-18 | Ppg Industries Inc | Electrolytic cell |
| US3755108A (en) * | 1971-08-12 | 1973-08-28 | Ppg Industries Inc | Method of producing uniform anolyte heads in the individual cells of a bipolar electrolyzer |
| JPS4840560A (en) * | 1971-09-17 | 1973-06-14 |
-
1973
- 1973-03-13 JP JP2917173A patent/JPS5647267B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-03-07 US US448961A patent/US3902984A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-03-12 FR FR7408370A patent/FR2221184B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-03-12 GB GB1096074A patent/GB1441063A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-12 NL NL7403331A patent/NL7403331A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-03-12 CA CA194,699A patent/CA1036978A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-13 DE DE2412132A patent/DE2412132C3/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-13 BE BE141965A patent/BE812252A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3902984A (en) | 1975-09-02 |
| DE2412132B2 (en) | 1981-04-02 |
| JPS5647267B2 (en) | 1981-11-09 |
| JPS49117398A (en) | 1974-11-09 |
| BE812252A (en) | 1974-07-01 |
| FR2221184B1 (en) | 1978-02-17 |
| DE2412132A1 (en) | 1974-10-10 |
| FR2221184A1 (en) | 1974-10-11 |
| DE2412132C3 (en) | 1981-11-26 |
| NL7403331A (en) | 1974-09-17 |
| GB1441063A (en) | 1976-06-30 |
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