CA2034920A1 - Cathode/heater assembly for electron-beam devices - Google Patents
Cathode/heater assembly for electron-beam devicesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2034920A1 CA2034920A1 CA002034920A CA2034920A CA2034920A1 CA 2034920 A1 CA2034920 A1 CA 2034920A1 CA 002034920 A CA002034920 A CA 002034920A CA 2034920 A CA2034920 A CA 2034920A CA 2034920 A1 CA2034920 A1 CA 2034920A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- emitter
- repeller
- cathode
- heater
- electron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
- H01J1/22—Heaters
Abstract
CATHODE/HEATER ASSEMBLY FOR ELECTRON-BEAM
DEVICES
ABSTRACT
A cathode/heater assembly comprises an emitter mounted on at least one heater element fitted to current-conducting leads rigidly fixed to a base of electrically insulating material, mounting a repeller with a concave surface fac-ing the emitter's nonoperating surface and having a focal length of at least one and a half times greater than the emitter's transverse dimension. The spacing L from the re-peller to the emitter is within the limits from 0.15R to 0.75R, where R is the radius of curvature of the repel-ler's concave surface in the axial direction.
DEVICES
ABSTRACT
A cathode/heater assembly comprises an emitter mounted on at least one heater element fitted to current-conducting leads rigidly fixed to a base of electrically insulating material, mounting a repeller with a concave surface fac-ing the emitter's nonoperating surface and having a focal length of at least one and a half times greater than the emitter's transverse dimension. The spacing L from the re-peller to the emitter is within the limits from 0.15R to 0.75R, where R is the radius of curvature of the repel-ler's concave surface in the axial direction.
Description
2~34920 CA~HODE/XEATER ASSEMBLY ~OR E~EC~RO~-BEAM
DEVICES
The invention relates to electronics, and more speci-fically to cathode/heater assemblies of electron-beam de-vices tCRTs).
This invention can be advantageously u3ed by the ele-ctronics industry in ~V camera and picture tubes, oscillo-scope CRTs, display tube3 and other electron-beam devices, wheroin high beam current den~ity, high resolution, and long service life have to be provided simultaneously with short warm-up time and low power consumption.
The cathode/l~eater assembly is the mo~t important component of a modern electron-beam devices and determines its major performance parameters, ~uch as luminance (bright-ne~), re~olution, service }ife, reliability, power require-mont~, warm-up time, etc.
Modern electron-besm devices achieve high performance characteristics by using directly heated cathode assembli-es with high efficiency emitters based on rare-earth me-tals or their borides (e.g., LQB6), Known in the art is a directly heated cathode a~sembly, used as the source of electrons (US, A, 4193013), compri~-ing a thermionic emmiter in the form of a bar of lanthanum h~xaboride fitted to a graphite heater. ~he heater ends are connected to current-conducting leads mounted in a base of . . . . .
' !
';'. ~ " '' . .
' ' ` , ' ` . ' ' :
' ' . ~ . ' ' ' '' ' ~
' ' ' ' : , . , . ' ' ' . . , , ' .
,, ' ~, , ' ~ ', ' ' . . .
2- 2~34~20 electrically insulating m~t0ria;.
This design arrangeme~t ~eatures a high (about 8W) power required to he~t the thermionic emmiter due to Q
high dissip~tion of thermal energy by the surface o~ the heater and the thermionic emitter. Thi~ loss o~ heat has to be compen~ated by applying additional power, this re-ducing the efficiency of this known in the art cathode and heater as~embly.
Widely known in the art is the cathode/heater assemb-ly for electron-beam devices (GB, ~, 1084035), compri~ing a thermionic emitter mounted onto at least one heater ele-ment fitted to current-conducting lead~ rigidly ~itted to an in~ulating ba~e, and a repsller having a concave sur-face facing the thermionic emitter at the side opposite to the emitter's working ~-~r~ace and mounted coa~ially with thi~ emitter.
The repeller facilitates returning part of the heat dis~ipated by the suriaces o~ the emitter and heater ele-ment. However, due to this knoNn in the art cathodeJheater assembly using a repeller whose geometry is selected with-out taking the dimensions of the thermionic emitter into account, it is impossible to provide ma~imum di~sipated he~t being returned back to the emitter.
In this known in the art design con~iguration the repeller is not electrically insulated ~rom the thermionic emitter-, thi~ res~}ting in unlimited electron emlssion ~rom .
.
. .. ~ , ~
,' ~ . . . -.
2~3~2~
the inoperatiYe part of the emitter facing the repeller.
This, in turn, lead~ to certain degree of cooling oY the thermionic emitter, thu~ requiring application o~ addi-tional heat.
It is an obJective o~ thi~ invention to provide a cathode/heater assembly for electron-beam devices, featur-ing a high per~ormance e~ficiency.
This is achieved by that i~ the cathode/heater as-sembly for electron-beam devices, comprising a thermionic emitter, mounted onto at least one heater element ~itted to current-conducting leads rigidly fitted to a base of insulating material, and a repeller positioned coa2ially relative to the thermionic emitter and haring a concave surface facing the inoperative side of the thermionic emitter, according to the invention the focal length o~
the repeller's concave surface i9 at least one and a half time~ greater than the ma~imal dimension of the thermionic emitter in the tran~verse direction, with the repeller ri-~idly fixed to the base so that the distance L between its concave ~urface and the thermionic emitter is within the limits 0.15R C L < 0.75R, where R i~ the radius of curvature of repeller's concave surface in the axial direction.
The cathode/heater assembly for electron-beam devices of the invention features a high performance efficiency due to the coniiguration of the repeller and its po~ition-ing relative to the thermionic emitter and base. Electric - . .
.~ -.: - ' . - ' . ' ~ -- ' ' ' ' : . - -- ~.-. . . . .
4 20~20 insulation of the repeller Yrom the base facilitates gene-rat$on of a ~pace electr~c charge at the emitter' 9 inopera-tive ~ide and thu~ impede~ electron emission from this side of the emitter, therefore further improvin~ the perfor-mance efficiency of the cathode/heater a~embly of the invention.
Other objectives and advantages of thi3 invention wîll become apparsnt from the detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof and the accompanying drawi~g, wherein the cathode/heater as~embly for electDon-beam devices according to the invention is chown (in a longitu-dinal sectional vien).
The cathode/heater a~sembly of the invention comprise~
thermionic emitter 1 mounted onto at lea3t one heater ele-ment 2 (in the preferred embodiment being described - one heater element 2), fitted by holders 3 to current-conduct-ing lead~ 4 rigidly fitted to base 5 of an electrically insulatine material, and repeller 6 mounted coa~ially res-pective to thermionic emitter 1 and having a concave sur-face facing the inoperative side of the thermionic emitter.
The concave ~urface of repeller 6 may, for e~ample, be spherical or shaped as paraboloid of rotation, with a focal length of at least one and a half time~ greater than the tr~nsverse size of thermionic emitter 1. Repeller 6 is rigid~y fitted to ba~e 5 by bar 7 and positioned re-lative to thermionic emitter 1 90, that the spacing ~ from its concave surface and~thermionic emitter 1 is within 0.15R< L ~ 0.75R, wherc R is the radius of curvature of -~ ' repeller's 6 concave ~urface in the axial direction.
The focal length of repeller~ 8 6 concave ~urface is determined e~perimentally. At the selected relations bet-ween repeller 6 focal length and the maximal dimen~ion3 r of the thermionic emitte in the tran~ver~e direction,the di~ipated heat arriving at repeller 6 i~ reflected by it back to emitter 1 within the ~Glid angle contained between emitter 1 and repeller 6, thu~ improving the a~sembly performance e~ficiency.
The di~tance L from the concave ~urface of repeller 6 and emitter 1 i~ al~o determined experimentally, the above-cited relation proving to en~ure maximal heat being return-ed to emitter 1. Di~tance~ above the upper limit result in high heat di~ipation, distances beneath the lower li-mit prevent heat focu~ing on the inoperative ~urface of emitter 1.
~ he cathode/heater as~embly for olectron-beam devices of the invention function~ as follows.
A heater voltage i~ applied to current-conducting leads 4, this cau~ing a heater current to flow through heat-er element 2 and heating thermionic emitter 1 to its oporat-ing temperature, at which electrons are emitted from tho working and the inaperative surfaces thereof. ~he major part of these eloctrons i~ focu~ed into an electron beam in the electron-beam device utilizing this cathode/heater a~embly. Electron~ emitted from the inoperative ~ide of emitter 1 arrive at repeller 6 and charge it.
'`'` . .` ' : . . . . -, .. . .
203~920 A~ a re~ult, an electric ~ield i~ generated in the space bctween emitter 1 and repeller 6 and ~ets up a ~pace charge Qt the former, ~ith the space chargc den~ity in-crea3ing till the virtual cathode thus produced does not confine the major part of electrons emitt~d from the in-operative ~ide of omitter 1 to the vicinity of emitter 1 ~ur~ace, at the ~sme tim~ preventing it from emitting e?e-ctrons with low initial velocities. Concequently heat 10~9-e~ are reduced, due to restricted electron emi~ion from inoperative ~urface~ of emitter 1. Experiment~ provsd t~e temperature of emitter 1 to fall by about 50C when the negative potential of repeller 6 i3 removed, ~uch a reduction in temperature being of critical importance to the performance of ~uch cathode/heater a~semblie~. There-fore, electrically insulating repeller 6 from emittor 1 al~o improve~ the latter' 3 performance efficiency.
At the ~ame time, at optimal condition~, repeller 6 reflects heat back to emitter 1, thi~ allowing the heater power to be reduced.
Thu~, ~electing optimal relations between the repeller and emitter goometries, and al~o electrically in~ulating one ~rom the other allow~ the proper operating temperature of the emitter to be provided at lower heater power, thus improving the performance efficiency o~ the cathode/heat-er assemb~y of the invontion.
.... :
:- . - , - ,,
DEVICES
The invention relates to electronics, and more speci-fically to cathode/heater assemblies of electron-beam de-vices tCRTs).
This invention can be advantageously u3ed by the ele-ctronics industry in ~V camera and picture tubes, oscillo-scope CRTs, display tube3 and other electron-beam devices, wheroin high beam current den~ity, high resolution, and long service life have to be provided simultaneously with short warm-up time and low power consumption.
The cathode/l~eater assembly is the mo~t important component of a modern electron-beam devices and determines its major performance parameters, ~uch as luminance (bright-ne~), re~olution, service }ife, reliability, power require-mont~, warm-up time, etc.
Modern electron-besm devices achieve high performance characteristics by using directly heated cathode assembli-es with high efficiency emitters based on rare-earth me-tals or their borides (e.g., LQB6), Known in the art is a directly heated cathode a~sembly, used as the source of electrons (US, A, 4193013), compri~-ing a thermionic emmiter in the form of a bar of lanthanum h~xaboride fitted to a graphite heater. ~he heater ends are connected to current-conducting leads mounted in a base of . . . . .
' !
';'. ~ " '' . .
' ' ` , ' ` . ' ' :
' ' . ~ . ' ' ' '' ' ~
' ' ' ' : , . , . ' ' ' . . , , ' .
,, ' ~, , ' ~ ', ' ' . . .
2- 2~34~20 electrically insulating m~t0ria;.
This design arrangeme~t ~eatures a high (about 8W) power required to he~t the thermionic emmiter due to Q
high dissip~tion of thermal energy by the surface o~ the heater and the thermionic emitter. Thi~ loss o~ heat has to be compen~ated by applying additional power, this re-ducing the efficiency of this known in the art cathode and heater as~embly.
Widely known in the art is the cathode/heater assemb-ly for electron-beam devices (GB, ~, 1084035), compri~ing a thermionic emitter mounted onto at least one heater ele-ment fitted to current-conducting lead~ rigidly ~itted to an in~ulating ba~e, and a repsller having a concave sur-face facing the thermionic emitter at the side opposite to the emitter's working ~-~r~ace and mounted coa~ially with thi~ emitter.
The repeller facilitates returning part of the heat dis~ipated by the suriaces o~ the emitter and heater ele-ment. However, due to this knoNn in the art cathodeJheater assembly using a repeller whose geometry is selected with-out taking the dimensions of the thermionic emitter into account, it is impossible to provide ma~imum di~sipated he~t being returned back to the emitter.
In this known in the art design con~iguration the repeller is not electrically insulated ~rom the thermionic emitter-, thi~ res~}ting in unlimited electron emlssion ~rom .
.
. .. ~ , ~
,' ~ . . . -.
2~3~2~
the inoperatiYe part of the emitter facing the repeller.
This, in turn, lead~ to certain degree of cooling oY the thermionic emitter, thu~ requiring application o~ addi-tional heat.
It is an obJective o~ thi~ invention to provide a cathode/heater assembly for electron-beam devices, featur-ing a high per~ormance e~ficiency.
This is achieved by that i~ the cathode/heater as-sembly for electron-beam devices, comprising a thermionic emitter, mounted onto at least one heater element ~itted to current-conducting leads rigidly fitted to a base of insulating material, and a repeller positioned coa2ially relative to the thermionic emitter and haring a concave surface facing the inoperative side of the thermionic emitter, according to the invention the focal length o~
the repeller's concave surface i9 at least one and a half time~ greater than the ma~imal dimension of the thermionic emitter in the tran~verse direction, with the repeller ri-~idly fixed to the base so that the distance L between its concave ~urface and the thermionic emitter is within the limits 0.15R C L < 0.75R, where R i~ the radius of curvature of repeller's concave surface in the axial direction.
The cathode/heater assembly for electron-beam devices of the invention features a high performance efficiency due to the coniiguration of the repeller and its po~ition-ing relative to the thermionic emitter and base. Electric - . .
.~ -.: - ' . - ' . ' ~ -- ' ' ' ' : . - -- ~.-. . . . .
4 20~20 insulation of the repeller Yrom the base facilitates gene-rat$on of a ~pace electr~c charge at the emitter' 9 inopera-tive ~ide and thu~ impede~ electron emission from this side of the emitter, therefore further improvin~ the perfor-mance efficiency of the cathode/heater a~embly of the invention.
Other objectives and advantages of thi3 invention wîll become apparsnt from the detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof and the accompanying drawi~g, wherein the cathode/heater as~embly for electDon-beam devices according to the invention is chown (in a longitu-dinal sectional vien).
The cathode/heater a~sembly of the invention comprise~
thermionic emitter 1 mounted onto at lea3t one heater ele-ment 2 (in the preferred embodiment being described - one heater element 2), fitted by holders 3 to current-conduct-ing lead~ 4 rigidly fitted to base 5 of an electrically insulatine material, and repeller 6 mounted coa~ially res-pective to thermionic emitter 1 and having a concave sur-face facing the inoperative side of the thermionic emitter.
The concave ~urface of repeller 6 may, for e~ample, be spherical or shaped as paraboloid of rotation, with a focal length of at least one and a half time~ greater than the tr~nsverse size of thermionic emitter 1. Repeller 6 is rigid~y fitted to ba~e 5 by bar 7 and positioned re-lative to thermionic emitter 1 90, that the spacing ~ from its concave surface and~thermionic emitter 1 is within 0.15R< L ~ 0.75R, wherc R is the radius of curvature of -~ ' repeller's 6 concave ~urface in the axial direction.
The focal length of repeller~ 8 6 concave ~urface is determined e~perimentally. At the selected relations bet-ween repeller 6 focal length and the maximal dimen~ion3 r of the thermionic emitte in the tran~ver~e direction,the di~ipated heat arriving at repeller 6 i~ reflected by it back to emitter 1 within the ~Glid angle contained between emitter 1 and repeller 6, thu~ improving the a~sembly performance e~ficiency.
The di~tance L from the concave ~urface of repeller 6 and emitter 1 i~ al~o determined experimentally, the above-cited relation proving to en~ure maximal heat being return-ed to emitter 1. Di~tance~ above the upper limit result in high heat di~ipation, distances beneath the lower li-mit prevent heat focu~ing on the inoperative ~urface of emitter 1.
~ he cathode/heater as~embly for olectron-beam devices of the invention function~ as follows.
A heater voltage i~ applied to current-conducting leads 4, this cau~ing a heater current to flow through heat-er element 2 and heating thermionic emitter 1 to its oporat-ing temperature, at which electrons are emitted from tho working and the inaperative surfaces thereof. ~he major part of these eloctrons i~ focu~ed into an electron beam in the electron-beam device utilizing this cathode/heater a~embly. Electron~ emitted from the inoperative ~ide of emitter 1 arrive at repeller 6 and charge it.
'`'` . .` ' : . . . . -, .. . .
203~920 A~ a re~ult, an electric ~ield i~ generated in the space bctween emitter 1 and repeller 6 and ~ets up a ~pace charge Qt the former, ~ith the space chargc den~ity in-crea3ing till the virtual cathode thus produced does not confine the major part of electrons emitt~d from the in-operative ~ide of omitter 1 to the vicinity of emitter 1 ~ur~ace, at the ~sme tim~ preventing it from emitting e?e-ctrons with low initial velocities. Concequently heat 10~9-e~ are reduced, due to restricted electron emi~ion from inoperative ~urface~ of emitter 1. Experiment~ provsd t~e temperature of emitter 1 to fall by about 50C when the negative potential of repeller 6 i3 removed, ~uch a reduction in temperature being of critical importance to the performance of ~uch cathode/heater a~semblie~. There-fore, electrically insulating repeller 6 from emittor 1 al~o improve~ the latter' 3 performance efficiency.
At the ~ame time, at optimal condition~, repeller 6 reflects heat back to emitter 1, thi~ allowing the heater power to be reduced.
Thu~, ~electing optimal relations between the repeller and emitter goometries, and al~o electrically in~ulating one ~rom the other allow~ the proper operating temperature of the emitter to be provided at lower heater power, thus improving the performance efficiency o~ the cathode/heat-er assemb~y of the invontion.
.... :
:- . - , - ,,
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:-A cathode/heater assembly for electron-beam devices, comprising:
- a thermionic emitter having a working surface posi-tioned on its axis and featuring a maximal size in the di-rection normal to said axis, - at least one heater element connected to said thermi-onic emitter, - a first and second current-conducting leads con-nected to said heater element, - a base of electrically insulating material with ri-gidly fitted said first and second current-conducting leads, - a repeller rigidly fitted to said base coaxially with said thermionic emitter and having a concave surface facing said thermionic emitter from the side opposite its said working surface, wherein the focal length of said concave surface is at least one and a half times greater than said maximal size of said thermionic emitter and wherein the spacing L between said repeller and said ther-mionic emitter is within the limits from 0.15R to 0.75R, where R is the radius of curvature of said concave sur-face of said repeller in the axial direction.
- a thermionic emitter having a working surface posi-tioned on its axis and featuring a maximal size in the di-rection normal to said axis, - at least one heater element connected to said thermi-onic emitter, - a first and second current-conducting leads con-nected to said heater element, - a base of electrically insulating material with ri-gidly fitted said first and second current-conducting leads, - a repeller rigidly fitted to said base coaxially with said thermionic emitter and having a concave surface facing said thermionic emitter from the side opposite its said working surface, wherein the focal length of said concave surface is at least one and a half times greater than said maximal size of said thermionic emitter and wherein the spacing L between said repeller and said ther-mionic emitter is within the limits from 0.15R to 0.75R, where R is the radius of curvature of said concave sur-face of said repeller in the axial direction.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SU1989/000224 WO1991003065A1 (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1989-08-18 | Cathode heating unit for electron-ray devices |
| CA002034920A CA2034920A1 (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1991-01-25 | Cathode/heater assembly for electron-beam devices |
| FR9100986A FR2674987A1 (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1991-01-29 | Assembly for heating a thermoelectronic (thermionic) cathode for electron beam devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SU1989/000224 WO1991003065A1 (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1989-08-18 | Cathode heating unit for electron-ray devices |
| CA002034920A CA2034920A1 (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1991-01-25 | Cathode/heater assembly for electron-beam devices |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2034920A1 true CA2034920A1 (en) | 1992-07-26 |
Family
ID=32327216
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002034920A Abandoned CA2034920A1 (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1991-01-25 | Cathode/heater assembly for electron-beam devices |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2034920A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2674987A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991003065A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991003065A1 (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1991-03-07 | Nikolai Fedorovich Osaulenko | Cathode heating unit for electron-ray devices |
| FR2726121B1 (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1996-11-15 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | RADIATION HEATING DEVICE FOR INDIRECT HEATING CATHODE |
| FR2810790B1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2002-10-04 | Thomson Tubes & Displays | CATHODE FOR REDUCED OVERALL CATHODE RAY TUBE |
| FR2810789A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-28 | Thomson Tubes & Displays | Cathode for electron gun includes reflective skirt beneath heating filament to direct heat energy on to emissive element |
| DE20101602U1 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2001-04-05 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Twist beam axle |
| CN107195347A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-22 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | It is a kind of to calibrate the method that heap outer core surveys ionisation chamber |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1084035A (en) * | ||||
| GB500943A (en) * | 1936-08-28 | 1939-02-17 | Eduard Michaelis | Cathode-ray tubes, especially for television |
| US3176179A (en) * | 1962-03-26 | 1965-03-30 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Electron gun and support structure therefor |
| US3227906A (en) * | 1962-05-02 | 1966-01-04 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Cathode support and heat shielding structure for electron gun |
| DE2442510A1 (en) * | 1974-09-05 | 1976-03-18 | Licentia Gmbh | Indirectly heated cathode for electron tubes - has heating filament in shell-shaped housing of elliptical shell sections |
| DE2614270C2 (en) * | 1976-04-02 | 1982-04-15 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Cathode structure |
| WO1991003065A1 (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1991-03-07 | Nikolai Fedorovich Osaulenko | Cathode heating unit for electron-ray devices |
-
1989
- 1989-08-18 WO PCT/SU1989/000224 patent/WO1991003065A1/en unknown
-
1991
- 1991-01-25 CA CA002034920A patent/CA2034920A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-01-29 FR FR9100986A patent/FR2674987A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1991003065A1 (en) | 1991-03-07 |
| FR2674987A1 (en) | 1992-10-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |