CA2028498A1

CA2028498A1 - Integrated induction system

Info

Publication number: CA2028498A1
Application number: CA002028498A
Authority: CA
Inventors: William Bland Ii Rush; Jack Edward Elder; Jerry Benjamin Foss; Richard Kenneth Shier; Karl Jacob Haltiner, Jr.; Grant Michael Wheeler
Original assignee: William Bland Ii Rush; Jack Edward Elder; Jerry Benjamin Foss; Richard Kenneth Shier; Karl Jacob Haltiner, Jr.; Grant Michael Wheeler; General Motors Corporation
Current assignee: Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date: 1989-11-06
Filing date: 1990-10-24
Publication date: 1991-05-07
Also published as: GB9024033D0; DE4035219A1; JP2542737B2; GB2238350B; DE4035219C2; JPH04175465A; GB2238350A

Abstract

INTEGRATED INDUCTION SYSTEM
Abstract of the Disclosure An integrated induction system for providing fluids to the cylinders in an engine comprises a casing adapted for mounting on the engine. The casing has an air inlet and a plurality of fluid outlets. A plurality of air tubes are disposed within the casing so that air entering the air inlet flows through the air tubes and respective fluid outlets to the cylinders. A fuel injection assembly is mounted within the casing to inject fuel into the air exiting the air tubes adjacent each of the fluid outlets causing a mixture of air and fuel to enter the respective cylinders. Connected to the fuel injection assembly is a carrier upon which are mounted induction system components. The casing is mounted on distribution mountings which are connected to the engine. The distribution mountings have passages to allow communication between air and fuel contained within the casing and the cylinders, and to allow communication between a supplemental fluid source and the cylinders.

Description

I~'TEGRATED II~DUCTION ,SYSTEM

Technical Field This invention relates to induction systems and, more particularly, to an integrated induction system for delivering fluids to the cylinders of an engine.

sackground Intake manifolds commonly deliver air to the cylinders of an engine. Other fluids are typically delivered to the cylinders of an engine by systems connected to or separate from the intake manifold, such as fuel injection systems, exhaust gas recirculation systems, positive crankcase ventilation systems and fuel tank vapor systems. The components for these various systems are commonly assembled separately from the intake manifold and individually mounted on the engine or manifold.
Separate assembly of the intake manifold and the various fluid delivery system components can entail considerable difficulty and expense due to the interdependency of the various systems. Proper alignment, tight connections and fully coordinated control systems are often critical to the optimum functioning of the various systems. Such design and manufacturing requirements can be difficult to meet when separately assembling the various system assemblies and ~ ~ 2 ~

mounting them on an engine. For similar reasons, mounting the assembled components of these various systems as separate assemblies can also require substantial effort and expense.
The fluid delivery systems described above typically include many relatively small and fragile components as compared to other engine components such as blocks and cylinder heads. Some of the components of the fluid delivery systems must be connected with similar components in other fluid delivery systems after their attachment to the engine. Engine assembly can therefore be made very complex due to the methods required to connect the components of the various fluid delivery systems to one another and to the engine as contrasted with the methods used to assemble the larger engine components.
Many of the fluid delivery system assemblies are often rigidly attached to the engine in close proximity to one another and have a number of rigid connections between the various components of the different systems. Therefore, access to one system assembly often requires the difficult disengagement of a number of rigid connections as well as removal of a number of components to gain access to the desired components.

Summary of the Invention The present invention provides an integrated induction system which contains in one assembly many of the components of the various fluid delivery systems of an engine which have heretofore been separately assembled and mounted on the engine.

In its simplest form, the integrated induction system comprises a casing adapted for mounting on the engine. The casing has an air inlet and a plurality of fluid outlets. Each of the fluid outlets is adapted to communicate with a respective cylinder in the engine. A
plurality of air tubes are disposed within the casing with the air tubes occupying a portion of the interior of the casing and the unoccupied portion of the casing constituting a plenum. The air tubes are positioned within the casing so that the plenum provides a flow path from the air inlet to the air tubes. One end of each of the air tubes opens from the plenum and the other end engages the casing adjacent one of the fluid outlets to allow communication between the plenum and the cylinders in the engine. Air entering into the plenum through the air inlet is thereby introduced via each of the air tubes into the respective cylinders. A
fuel injection assembly is mounted within the casing to inject fuel into the air exiting the air tubes adjacent each of the fluid outlets to cause a mixture of air and fuel to enter the respective cylinders.
The integrated induction system may include a carrier to which the fuel injection assembly and other components which may be contained within the casing are connected. The integrated induction system may also include distribution mountings disposed between the casing and the engine. Each distribution mounting has mounting passages which allow communication between the interior of the casing and cylinders. Air and fuel inside the casing is thereby able to enter the cylinders. Each distribution mounting also has distribution passages which allow communication between the cylinders and a supplemental fluid source located outside the casing. Supplemental fluids, such as exhaust gas, crankcase gas or fuel tank vapors, are thereby able to flow into the cylinders.
Containment of certain fluid delivery system components within a casing has a number of advantages.
The casing can protect the fluid delivery system components contained within it. This allows the use of easily releasable connectors to connect the components inside the casing to one another and to the casing. ~he number of fasteners required is thereby reduced to facilitate assembly of the components. The casing also muffles the noise produced by the components contained within it reducing the sound produced by the engine.
Assembly of the integrated induction system is facilitated by containment of the fluid delivery system components within the casing. Alignment, connecticn and coordination of the various components can take place separate from the assembly of the other parts of the engine in an environment specifically designed to facilitate assembly of many of these small components.
Testing of the various fluid delivery systems prior to attachment to the engine is also possible. The integrated induction system may then be mounted on the engine as a tested, single unit comparable in size to many of the other components typically handled during assembly of an engine.
These and other features and advantages of the invention will be more fully understood from the following description of certain specific embodiments of the invention taken together with the accompanying drawings.

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Brief Drawing Description In the drawings:
Figure 1 is an exploded view of an inteqrated induction system in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is an enlarged transverse sectional view of the integrated induction system of Figure 1 generally in a plane between air tubes showing so~e components in assembly;
Figure 3 is a plan view in the plane indicated by line 3-3 of Figure 2 with the cover removed and part of the carrier being broken away showing some components in assembly;
Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view generally in the plane indicated by line 4-4 of Figure 3 showing some components connected to the carrier adjacent the air inlet;
Figure 5 is a view in the plane indicated by line 5-5 of Figure 2 showing the bottom of the cover of the casing;
Figure 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view in the plane indicated by line 6-6 of Figure 2 showing portions of the cover and air tubes;
Figure 7 is an enlarged view of circled portion 7 of Figure 2 showing a spring clip;
Figure 8 is a perspective view of the spring clip of Figure 7;
Figure 9 is an enlarged view of circled portion 9 of Figure 2 showing the conduit bridge in the closed position (in solid lines) and in the open position (in phantom);
Figure 10 is a perspective view of a half-section of an air tube shown in Figure 1;

Figure 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view through an injector pod in the plane indicated by line 11-11 of Figure 3;
Figure 12 is a perspective view of the injector pod shown in Figure 11;
Figure 13 is an enlarged view of circled portion 13 of Figure 3 showing the connection between the temperature sensor, pressure sensor and carrier;
Figure 14 is an enlarged view of the temperature sensor (in solid lines) and portions of the carrier (in phantom) contained within the circled portion 14 of Figure 4;
Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of the temperature sensor generally in the plane indicated by line 15-15 of Figure 14;
Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of the temperature sensor generally in the plane indicated by line 16-16 of Figure 14;
Figure 17 is an enlarged view corresponding to Figure 14 showing a second embodiment of the temperature sensor (in solid lines) and portions of a second embodiment of the carrier (in phantom);
Figure 18 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the temperature sensor generally in the plane indicated by line 18-18 of Figure 17;
Figure 19 is an enlarged bottom view of a distribution mounting in the plane indicated by line l9-l9 of Figure 2;
Figure 20 is a view corresponding to Figure 19 showing a second embodiment of a distribution mounting;

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Figure 21 is an enlarged plan view of a cylinder head in the plane indicated by line 21-21 of Figure 2;
Figure 22 is a perspective view showing a portion of an upper mounting gasket of Figure 1;
Figure 23 is a perspective view showing a portion of a lower mounting gasket of Figure l;
Figure 24 is a portion of a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a distribution mounting of Figure 1 showing the upper and lower mounting gaskets connected to it;
Figure 25 is an enlarged transverse sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the integrated induction system of Figure 1 generally in a plane between the air tubes showing some components in assembly;
Figure 26 is a plan view in the plane indicated by line 26-26 of Figure 25 with the cover removed and part of the carrier being broken away showing some components in assembly;
Figure 27 is an enlarged sectional view generally in the plane indicated by line 27-27 of Figure 26 showing some components connected to the carrier adjacent the air inlet;
Figure 28 is an enlarged sectional view generally in the plane indicated by line 28-28 of Figure 26 showing the conduit;
Figure 29 is a perspective view of an air tube shown in Figures 25 and 26;
Figure 30 is an exploded view of the air tube shown in Figure 29;
Figure 31 is an enlarged partial sectional view generally in the plane indicated by line 31-31 of Figure 26 showing the temperature sensor (in solid lines) and portions of the carrier (in phantom);
Figure 32 is a partial cross-sectional view of the temperature sensor generally in the plane indicated by line 32-32 of Figuse 31;
Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view of the temperature sensor generally in the plane indicated by line 33-33 of Figure 31;
Figure 34 is an exploded view of the distribution mounting, including the upper and lower mounting gaskets, of Figure 25;
Figure 35 is a longitudinal sectional view through the retaining pins at one end of the distribution mounting of Figure 34 showing the upper and lower mounting gaskets connected to them;
Figure 36 is a transverse sectional view through the retaining pins at the end of the distribution mounting of Figure 34 showing the upper and lower mounting gaskets connected to them;
Figure 37 is an enlarged perspective view of the wiring harness housing of Figure 26;
Figure 38 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the pressure relief valve generally in the plane indicated by line 38-38 of Figure 26;
Figure 39 is an elevational view of the pressure relief valve generally in the plane indicated by line 39-39 of Figure 38; and Figure 40 is an enlarged view of the seal ring of Figure 25.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

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Detailed Description Referring now to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings, numeral 30 generally indicates an integrated induction system of the present invention to provide air, fuel and other fluids to the cylinders in the engine. An alternative embodiment of the integrated induction system 30e is shown in Figures 25, 26 and 27.
Parts similar to those shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 have the same reference numeral with the addition of the suffix e. ~riefly, the integrated induction system 30 comprises a casing 33, a plurality of air tubes 35 disposed within the casing and a fuel injection assembly 39 mounted within the casing. The casing 33 has an air inlet 31 enabling air to enter the casing and a plurality of fluid outlets 32 enabling fluids to exit the casing. The fluid outlets 32 are formed in the casing 33 so that, when the casing is mounted on the cylinder heads 37, each fluid outlet 32 communicates with a respective cylinder inlet 34.
The air tubes 35 occupy a portion of the interior volume of the casing 33 with the unoccupied portion of the casing constituting a plenum 36. The air tubes 35 are positioned in the casing 33 so that the plenum 36 provides a flow path from the air inlet 31 to the air tubes. One end of each air tube 35, constituting the air tube inlet 38, opens from the plenum 36. The other end of the air tube 35, constituting the air tube outlet 40, engages the casing 33 adjacent a respective fluid outlet 32 to allow communication between the plenum 36 and a respective cylinder. Air entering into the plenum 36 through the air inlet 31 is thereby introduced via each of the air tubes 35 into the respective cylinders.

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The fuel injection assernbly 39 includes a fuel injector 41 directed toward each fluid outlet 32. The fuel injectors 41 inject fuel into the air exiting the air tubes 35 adjacent the fluid outlets 32 to cause a mixture of air and fuel to enter the respective cylinders. The integrated induction system 30 may also include a carrier 42 connected to the fuel injection assembly 39 and other components contained within the casing 33.
The casing 33 may be supported on distribution mountings 44 disposed between it and the cylinder heads 37. Each distribution mounting 44 has mounting passages 48 which allow communication between the casing and cylinders to enable the air and fuel inside the casing to enter the cylinders. Each distribution mounting 44 also has distribution passages 50 which allow communication between a supplemental fluid source located outside the casing 33 and the cylinders.
Supplemental fluids, such as exhaust gas, crankcase gas or fuel vapors, are th,ereby able to flow into the cylinders.

Casing As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the casing 33 comprises an enclosure defined by a shell 52 and a cover 54. The cover 54 is removable to provide access to the interior of the casinq 33. As shown in Figure 5, the inner surface of the cover 54 has curved grooves 56 which are transverse to the axis of the shell 52 and correspond to each of the air tubes 35. The cover 54 has a cylindrical recess 57 in its bottom surface into which the vacuum inlet 59 of a fuel pressure regulator 108 extends, as shown in Figure 4. The recess 57 is 1~

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larger than the vacuum inlet 59 to allow the air inside the casing to communicate with the fuel pressure regulator 108.
The cover 54 has support ribs 58 and locator ribs 60 extending from the bottom surface, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. The support ribs 58 are located between the grooves 56 and have limited extension away from the cover 54 to avoid interference with the air tubes 35. The locator ribs 60 may be slanted with respect to the edges of the cover 54, in a similar fashion as the support ribs 58 shown in Figure 5. The support ribs 58 and the locator ribs 60 strengthen the cover 54. The corners of the cover 54 may be shaped to facilitate their grasping by robot grippers.
The upper surface of the cover may have U-shaped clasps to retain wires, such as spark plug wires, to the cover.
As shown in Figure 1, the shell 52 has an air inlet 31 comprising an opening formed in one end of the shell adjacent its top. The outer surface of the shell 52 adjacent the air inlet 31 is flat to enable a throttle body 62, shown in Figure 3, or other air metering device to be mounted on it to regulate the flow of air into the casing 33. A throttle conduit 63 may extend from the throttle body 62e to a reservoir to carry water, which is used to heat the throttle body, away from the throttle body. The throttle conduit 63 can be supported on brackets connected to the shell 52e, as shown in Figure 26.
The inner surface of the shell 52 has transverse grooves 64 similar to the grooves 56 in the cover 54. Each transverse groove 64 corresponds to one of the air tubes 35.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the shell 52 has fluid outlets 32 comprising openings formed in the bottom of the shell adjacent its sides. The fluid outlets 32 mate with respective mounting passages 48 to allow communication between the inside of the casing 33 and the cylinders. The inner rows of fluid outlets 32 allow communication between the air tubes 35 and the cylinders and constitute the air outlets 66. As shown in Figure 25, the shell 52e may have upwardly extending shoulders 67 adjacent each air outlet 66e against which the air tube outlets 40e abut to obstruct inward lateral shifting of the air tubes 35e with respect to the shell.
The outer rows of fluid outlets 32 allow communication between the fuel injectors 41 and the cylinders and are constituted by openings in injector seats 68. Each injector seat 68 has a chamfered seat base 69 which includes the opening. The injector seats 68 are cup shaped to support the outlet of each fuel injector 41 mounted within it so that fuel can exit the fuel injector and flow through the opening in the seat base 69 toward the cylinder inlet 34e. The shell 52 also has a pod socket 72 adjacent each injector seat 68 to provide a mounting for the fuel injection assembly 39.
As shown in Figure 25, the shell 52e may have footings 53 extending from its underside to enable the shell to stand upright on a flat surface without additional means of support.
As shown in Figure 1, a casing flange 80 is formed in the sides of the shell 52 adjacent its upper edge to serve as a mounting for the cover 54. Locating the casing flanges 80 adjacent the top of the shell 52 facilitates the casting process used to fabricate the shell. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, each casing fla~ige ~ 7~

80 has a plurality of connecting bores 82. Each connecting bore 82 has an enlarged upper portion, producing a step 83 for connection of a spring clip 92.
Threaded connecting bolts 90 extend through openings in the cover 54 into each connecting bore 82. The spring clip 92 has internal threads corresponding to the external threads on the connecting bolts 90. This enables each connecting bolt 90 to be screwed into a respective spring clip 92 adjacent the casing flange 80 to hold the cover 54 against the shell 52.
The cover 54 and shell 52 are constructed of die cast magnesium using an AZ9lHP magnesium alloy. The cover 54 and shell 52 may also be constructed of aluminum, plastic or other forms of magnesium. Forming the cover 54 and shell 52 of high strength material provides protection to the components contained in it.
As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the spring clip 92 comprises a U-shaped resilient member 96 formed from a flat metal strip. The ends of the U-shaped member 96 engage the casing flange 80 on opposite sides of each connecting bore 82 so that the portion of the U-shaped member between its ends is spaced apart from the casing flange. A boss 98 with a clip bore 99 extends from the inner portion of the U-shaped member 96 in a radial direction so that the clip bore is coaxially aligned with the connecting bore 82. The clip bore 99 has internal threads which correspond to the external threads on the connecting bolts 90.
A pair of elongate clip members 100 extend upward from the inner portion of the U-shaped member 96 into the connecting bore 82. A portion of each clip member 100 is bent inward between its end and the U-shaped member 96 to form a stop 102. The end of each clip member 100 is hook shaped to grasp the step 83 to retain the clip 92 in alignment with respect to the connecting bore 82.
The connecting bolts 90 are inserted into openings in the cover 54 and connecting bores 82, and screwed into respective clip bores 99 to retain the cover 54 against the shell 52 when the pressure inside the casing 33 is below a predetermined limit. If the pressure inside the casing 33, however, reaches or exceeds the predetermined limit, the U-shaped member ~6 deflects toward the casing flange 80 allowing the cover 54 to separate from the shell 52. The stop 102 engages the lower surface of the casing flange 80 thereby limiting the deflection of the u-shaped member 96. It is also possible to use the spring clips 92 with other enclosures.
As shown in Figure 25, it is also possible for a threaded mounting bolt 298e to extend through the casing flange 80e and distribution mounting 44e into a bore in a respective cylinder head 37e having internal threads corresponding to the threads on the mounting bolt. Screwing the mounting bolt 298e into the bore in the cylinder head 37e pulls the cover 54e down onto the shell 52e to secure the cover to the shell. In this construction, the casing flange 80e extends between the underside of the cover 54e and the upper surface of the distribution mountings 44e.
As an alternative to the spring clips 92, the casing 33e may include a pressure relief valve 85 shown in Figures 38 and 39. The valve 85 comprises a glass-filled nylon valve bracket 87 having opposing valve walls 88 depending from a valve base 89. The valve walls 88 form an acute angle and one of the valve ~2~

walls has a valve opening 91. Two valve return springs 104 are connected to a nylon valve pane 94, by pins, and to the valve walls 88. The return springs 104 enable the valve pane 94 to pivot between a closed position, indicated by numeral 95, wherein the valve pane overlays the valve opening 91, and an open position, indicated by numeral 97, wherein the valve pane is pivoted away from the valve opening. O-rings are disposed in recesses in the valve pane 94.
The valve base 89 is sealingly attached to the portion of the shell 52e adjacent the vent opening 101 by bolts so that the valve walls 88 extend through the vent opening into the casing 33e. O-rings are disposed in recesses in the valve base 89. The valve pane 94 obstructs communication between the interior and exterior of the casing 33e via the vent opening 101 when the valve pane 94 is in the closed position 95, and allows communication between the interior and exterior of the casing via the vent and valve openings when the valve pane is in the open position 97.
The valve return springs 104 bias the valve pane 94 to the closed position 95 when the pressure difference between the interior and exterior of the casing 33e is below a predetermined limit. The valve return springs 104 deflect to allow the valve pane 94 to pivot to the open position 97 if the pressure difference between the interior and exterior of the casing 33e reaches or exceeds the predetermined limit.
The extension of the valve bracket and pane 87, 94 beyond the shell 52e is substantially less than the dimension of the casing 33e perpendicular to the plane of the vent opening 101. This enables use of the valve 85 without substantially increasing the size of the casing 33e. It is also possible to use the valve 85 with other enclosures.

Air Tubes As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the air tubes 35 are located inside the casing 33 with the individual air tubes in side-to-side relation with respect to one another. The air tubes 35 are arranged so that their centers of curvature are approximately collinear. The inner curves of the air tubes 35 thereby define a cylindrical region constituting the principal portion 105 of the plenum 36. This arrangement of the air tubes 35 inside the casing 33 minimizes its size.
The air tubes 35 have a two-piece construction with one-half of one air tube being shown in Figure 10.
Air tubes 35 having one-piece construction are also possible. The air tubes 35 are constructed of glass and mineral reinforced nylon, and include type 66 nylon.
The air tubes 35 may also be formed of metal (e.g., aluminum or magnesium), plastic (e.g., polyethylene or polypropylene) or other types of nylon. An alternative embodiment of an air tube 35e comprising two portions is shown in Figures 29 and 30. One portion of the air tube 35e has locator pins extending from the surface which mates with the other portion of the air tube. The surface of the other portion of the air tube 35e which mates with the one portion of the air tube has recesses in which the locator pins enter to facilitate alignment between the two portions.
The air tubes 35 are arranged so that the air tube inlets 38 are offset from one another to reduce interference between the air entering adjacent air tubes. It is also possible to form the air tubes 35 with a shorter axial length so that the air tube inlets 38 are not offset from one another. Each air tube 35 is tuned to enhance charging of the cylinders by the air exiting the air tubes. The cross section of each air tube 35 decreases along its length from the air tube inlet 38 to the air tube outlet 40 to cause the velocity of the air passing through it to increase along its length. The tuning characteristics and cross section of the air tubes 35 can be varied to adjust the air flow into the cylinders. An air tube 35 having a substantially reduced axial length is possible, though it must be sufficiently long to enable formation of the locator tab 170 on its outer surface.
A molded seal 103, constructed of dimethylsilicone, may be compressed between each air tube 35 and the shell 52 adjacent the air tube outlet ~0 to provide a seal between the air tube and shell. The seal 103 may also be formed of a thermoplastic elastomer or rubber composition.
If the shell 52 is formed from magnesium and the air tube outlet 40 is formed from fiberglass reinforced nylon, then the seal 103 is preferably formed from unfilled nylon to reduce wear between the air tube outlet and shell. It is even more preferable for a seal 103 disposed between such materials to be formed from unfilled nylon 66.
The seal 103 preferably comprises a band formed from unfilled nylon, preferably unfilled nylon 66, which wraps around the air tube 35 adjacent the air tube outlet 40. The cross section of the band of the seal 103 is trapezoidal with one of the non-parallel faces being orthogonal to the parallel faces. The angle between the non-parallel faces of the band of the seal ~ J

103 is the same as the angle between the face of the air tube outlet 40 and the portion of the shell 52 on which it seats so that the non-parallel faces flushly abut the air tube outlet and shell when the band is disposed between them. The alternative construction of the seal 103 further comprises a resilient ridge formed of fluoroelastomer rubber extending away from each of the non-parallel faces of the band with recesses being formed adjacent the base of each ridge. The ridges of the seal 103 are compressed and expand into the recesses when the seal 103 is compressed between the air tube outlet 40 and shell 52 to provide further sealing. The ridges of the seal 103 are connected via passages which extend through the band. The alternative construction of the seal 103 may include an alignment tab integrally formed with a portion of one of the ridges so that the alignment tab extends beyond the face of the band which abuts the air tube 35. The alignment tab of the seal 103 is adapted to engage an alignment slot on the air tube 35 to maintain the seal in a predetermined alignment with respect to the air tube. The alignment tab of the seal 103 is somewhat larger than the slot to enable frictional retention of the alignment tab in the slot.
Each air tube 35 has a locator system comprising an integral locator tab 168 projecting from its outer surface above the air tube outlet 40 and an integral locator tab 170 projecting from its outer surface on the opposite side of the air tube. A locator sleeve 171 is formed on the inner surface of the shell 52 adjacent each locator tab 170. When each air tube 35 is placed in the shell 52, each locator tab 170 enters in an adjacent locator sleeve 171. The locator tabs 170 ~ ~13 ff ~

and corresponding locator sleeves 171 are shaped to interlock with one another to hold the air tubes 35 in alignment with respect to the casing 33.
The carrier 42 has an extension 174 which rests on each locator tab 170 when the carrier is placed in the shell 52. Each extension 174 may have a resilient locator pad 172 formed on its lower surface which engages the respective locator tab 170. Each locator pad 172 is formed in the respective extension 174 by molding dimethylsilicone rubber into a cylindrical recess formed in its lower surface.
Concentric circular beads are formed on the lower surface of each locator pad 172. Other types of locator pads may be disposed between each extension 174 and the respective locator tab 170.
When the cover 54 is attached to the shell 52, portions of the locator ribs 60 bear upon locator tabs 168 and the extensions 174 thereby pressing the air tubes 35 downward. This results in engagement of locator tab 170 with the bottom of locator sleeve 171 and compression of the seal 103. The locator pads 172 are also compressed between the respective extensions 174 and locator tabs 170 to frictionally resist relative movement between them and the extensions to hold the air tubes 35 in alignment with respect to the casing 33.
Each locator rib 60 has a vertical recess 176 to allow each rib to arch over a conduit 178 formed in the carrier 42 and seat squarely with the locator tabs 168, extensions 174 and carrier. The outer curvature of the air tubes 35 may be less than the inner curvature of the casing 33 so that the air tubes are suspended from the locator tabs 168, 170 in the casing.

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An alternate locator system for the air tubes 35 is possible comprising resilient locator pads attached to the upper surfaces of the air tubes by adhesive or the like. When the cover 54 is connected to the shell 52, the inner surface of the cover bears upon each locator pad to compress it between the cover and the respective air tube 35 to frictionally resist relative movement between it and the cover. The locator systems described above may be used with other casings which contain air tubes to maintain them in alignment inside the casing.
An alternative locator system comprising locator tabs 168e, 170e is shown in Figures 25, 29 and 30. Each locator tab 168e, 170e includes a resilient cantilever tab 169 and a tab stop 175. When the cover 54e is attached to the shell 52e, portions of the locator ribs 60e engage the extensions 174e which bear on the cantilever tabs 169. The engagement between the extensions 174e and cantilever tabs 169 frictionally resists relative movement between them thereby holding the air tubes 35e in alignment with respect to the casing 33e.
The cantilever tabs 169 are able to deflect downward with their downward deflection being limited by their engagement with the tab stops 175. The upper surface of each cantilever tab 169 has a raised portion which the extension 174 initially engages when downwardly bearing on the cantilever tab. The variation in bending stress in the cantilever tab 169 caused by the extension 174 initially bearing thereon is thereby reduced enabling a more efficient design of the cantilever tab. The air tubes 35e, cantilever tabs 169 ~2~

and tab stops 175 are formed of fiberglass reinforced nylon, and preferably, fiberglass reinforced nylon 66.
Each locator tab 170e also includes a locator wing 173 obliquely extending from each portion of the air tube 35e. When the locator tab 170e enters a locator sleeve 171e, the locator wings 173 engage the walls of the locator sleeve and are frictionally retained therein.
If the locator sleeve 171e is formed from magnesium and the locator tab 170e is formed from fiberglass reinforced nylon, then a bushing formed of unfilled nylon is preferably disposed between the locator tab and the bottom of the locator sleeve to reduce wear between the locator tab and sleeve. It is even more preferable for a bushing disposed between such materials to be formed from unfilled nylon 66. Such a bushing can include a vertical member which is inserted in a vertical recess in the lower portion of the locator tab 170e, and locking fingers extending away from the vertical member generally perpendicular thereto into an opening in the locator tab to enable securement of the bushing to the locator tab.

Fuel Injection Assembly The fuel injection assembly 39 shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 includes the fuel injectors 41 and a fuel distribution assembly 84 which connects the fuel injectors and allows fuel to flow to each of them. The fuel distribution assembly 84 includes an injector pod 70 connected to each fuel injector 41 and fuel tubes 114 which serially connect the fuel injectors. The fuel tubes 114 are constructed of plastic, and include type 12 nylon. The fuel tube 114 preferably has rubber ~J ~ 9~

washers encircling its outer surface to space at least portions of the fuel tube away from the casing 33.
Each injector pod 70 is constructed of glass reinforced nylon and includes type 12 or 66 nylon. The injector pod 70 has a hollow injector mounting 126 as shown in Figures 2 and 12. The injector mounting 126 includes an integral injector socket 128 with a cross section which is larger than the cross section of the inlet of the fuel injector 41 so that a fuel injector can be inserted into the socket. An O-ring 130 provides a seal between the fuel injector 41 and the injector mounting 126, and resists removal of the fuel injector from it. The walls of the injector socket 128 have a chamfered portion 86 adjacent the closed end of the injector socket. When the fuel injector 41 and O-ring 130 are inserted into the injector mcunting 126, the O-ring engages the chamfered portion B6 which limits the travel of the fuel injector into the injector socket 128.
Each injector mounting 126 has an injector slot 134 adjacent its opening so that, when the fuel injector 41 is inserted in the injector socket 128, an electrical connector 129 extending from the side of the injector is received in the injector slot. The fuel injector 41 is thereby retained in a predetermined angular orientation with respect to the axis of the injector socket 128. Each injector mounting 126 also has a fastening means including an integral inlet ledge 118 and outlet ledge 119 on its outer surface. As shown in Figures 25 and 26, the fastening means may alternatively include three resilient pod latches 121 each comprising a resilient spring arm extending upward ~ Q ~

from the injector pod 70e, and a resilient finger integral with the end of each spring arm.
Each injector pod 70 has an integral tubular inlet projection 122 extending away from the injector mounting 126 adjacent its inlet ledge 118. The inlet projection 122 registers with an inlet 123 on the injector mounting 126 to allow fuel to flow through the inlet projection into the injector socket 128 to supply the fuel injector 41 retained in it. The inlet projection 122 is inserted into the resilient opening in one end of a fuel tube 114. The inlet projection 122 has sufficiently thick exterior circumferential beads 124 to securely retain the fuel tube 114 to the inlet projection.
Each injector pod 70 has an integral tubular outlet projection 135 extending away from the injector mounting 126 adjacent its outlet ledge 119. The outlet projection 136 registers with an outlet 139 on the injector mounting 126 to allow excess fuel to be discharged from it through the outlet projection. The outlet projection 136 is inserted into the resilient opening in the end of another fuel tube 114. The outlet projection 136 has sufficiently thick exterior circumferential beads 138 to securely retain the fuel tube 114 to the outlet projection.
The injector pod 70 includes an integral shoulder 140 having an eccentric cross section. Each pod socket 72 has a cross section corresponding to that of a shoulder 140. Each pod socket 72 is slightly larger than the corresponding shoulder 140 to enable each shoulder to be inserted into a pod socket. The small clearance between each shoulder 140 and the corresponding pod socket 72 results in resistance to rotation of the shoulder in the pod socket. This facilitates alignment of each fuel injector 41 with respect to the shell 52.
Insertion of each shoulder 140 in a corresponding pod socket 72, in combination with the receipt of the electrical connector 129 in the injector slot 134, enables each fuel injector 41 to be angularly aligned with respect to the shell 52. Since the shell 52 is fixed with respect to the cylinders, the fuel injectors 41 can be angularly aligned with respect to them. This enables a fuel injector having multiple fuel sprays, such as those used with cylinders having multiple intake ports, to be positioned so that each fuel spray is aimed directly into a respective cylinder intake port.
Each fuel injector 41 has a frustoconical seal ring 142 constructed of nitrile rubber to provide a seal between each fuel injector and the corresponding injector seat 68. The shape of the seal ring 142 enables it to limit the displacement of the fuel injector 41 through the opening in the seat base 69.
The limitations on displacement provided by the seal ring 142 and the chamfered portion 86 facilitate alignment of the fuel injector 41 in the injector seat 68.
The seal ring 142 may have a cylindrical skirt to enhance the seal between each fuel injector 41 and the corresponding injector seat 68e. For example, as shown in Figure 40, the seal ring 142e may include a support means comprising a frustoconical portion 143 adapted to engage the seat base 69e to obstruct axial displacement of the seal ring toward the seat base. The outer diameter of the frustoconical portion 143 2q decreases along the longitudinal axis of the fuel injector 41e toward the seat base 69e to facilitate coaxial positioning of the fuel injector in the injector seat 68e. The support means further comprises a cylindrical portion 144 adapted to engage the enlarged portion of the fuel injector 41e, which constitutes a stop 145e, to obstruct axial displacement of the seal ring 142e with respect to the fuel injector away from the seat base 69e. The support means further includes an integral annular skirt 147. The skirt 147 has an axial thickness sufficiently small to allow relative movement between the seal ring 142e and seat base 69e while maintaining a seal between the fuel injector 41e and seat base. When the fuel injector 41e is supported on the seat base 69e, the engagement of the cylindrical portion 144 with the stop 145e limits travel of the skirt 147 away from the seat base 69e.
The injector pods 70 may be used with other fuel injection assemblies to connect fue' injectors to fuel tubes, and to a casing or other part of an engine.
The injector pods 70 may also be used to hold fuel injectors in alignment with respect to cylinders.
The construction of the injector pods 70 and their connection to the fuel tubes 114 allows fuel to flow through the fuel tubes 114 into each injector pod 70 to supply the respective fuel injector 41 connected to it. The portion of the fuel in each injector pod 70 which does not flow into the associated fuel injector 41 is discharged from the injector pod and allowed to supply the adjacent injector pod. Fuel is thereby able to flow through the string of connected fuel injectors 41 to serially supply each of them.

The fuel distribution assembly 84 includes a stainless steel fuel inlet tube 109 which extends through an opening in the shell 52 and a fuel inlet connector 110. The end of the fuel inlet tube 109 outside the casing 33 is connected to a fuel source and the other end is connected, via the fuel inlet connector 110, to the inlet of the string of connected fuel injectors 41. Fuel is thereby able to flow from the fuel source into the fuel injectors 41. Connected to the fuel inlet tube 109 may be a tap to which a pressure gauge may be releasably connected to enable measurement of the pressure in the fuel inlet tube.
The fuel inlet connector 110 includes a fuel inlet fitting 111 and a metal snap ring 117 which, when the fuel inlet fitting is inserted into the opening in the shell 52, expands into a recess in it to resist removal of the fuel inlet fitting from the shell. A
nylon fuel tube inlet fitting 113 connects the fuel inlet fitting 111 to the fuel tube 114. A lower O-ring 115 provides a seal between the fuel inlet fitting 111 and shell 52. An upper O-ring 116 provides a seal between the fuel inlet fitting 111 and fuel tube inlet fitting 113.
Alternative embodiments of the fuel inlet connector llOe and fuel tube inlet fitting 113e are shown in Figures 26 and 27. The fuel inlet connector llOe includes a separate plastic inlet ring 107 which has an interference fit between the fuel tube inlet fitting 113e and fuel inlet tube lO9e to obstruct the upper O-ring 116e from dropping out of the fuel tube inlet fitting. The nylon fuel tube inlet fitting 113e has fingers 120 which snap into a slot on the base strip 146e to provide support to the fuel inlet tube lO9e.

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The connection between the fuel tube inlet fitting 113e and base strip 146e also causes the fuel tube inlet fitting to separate from the inlet ring 107 when the base strip is lifted from the shell 52e, allowing separation of the fuel tube inlet fitting from the fuel inlet tube lO9e.
As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the fuel distribution assembly 84 includes the fuel pressure regulator 108 having an inlet connected to the outlet of the string of connected fuel injectors 41. The fuel distribution assembly 84e may also include a regulator inlet connector 127 having an O-ring for connecting the outlet of the string of connected fuel injectors 41e to the fuel pressure regulator 108e.
The fuel distribution assembly 84 also includes a fuel outlet connector 131 which enables connection of the outlet of the fuel pressure regulator 108 to one end of a stainless steel fuel outlet tube 112. The fuel outlet tube 112 extends outside the casing 33 through an opening in the shell 52. The other end of the fuel outlet tube 112 is connected to a fuel tank outside the casing 33. Fuel is thereby able to flow out of the string of connected fuel injectors 41, through the fuel pressure regulator 108 and the fuel outlet tube 112 to the fuel tank.
The fuel outlet connector 131 includes a fuel outlet fitting 132 and a metal snap ring 133 which, when the fuel outlet fitting is inserted into the opening in the shell 52, expands into a recess in it to resist removal of the fuel outlet fitting from the shell.
Upper and lower O-rings 135, 137 provide seals between the fuel outlet fitting 132 and fuel pressure regulator 108, and the shell 52, respectively.

An alternative embodiment of the fuel outlet connector 131e is shown in Figure 27. The fuel outlet connector 131e includes a separate plastic outlet ring 125 which has an interference fit between the regulator housing 164e and fuel outlet tube 112e to obstruct the upper O-ring 135e from dropping out of the regulator housing.
The casing 33 may have additional ports for the attachment of connectors similar to the fuel inlet and outlet connectors 110, 131 to allow communication between the casing interior and components which require a vacuum source. For example, a vacuum connector 156 can be connected to an opening in the shell 52e, as shown in Figure 27, to enable communication between the interior of the casing 33e and a steel pipe 156 leading to the power brake system to provide a source of vacuum thereto. The vacuum connector 157 includes a vacuum fitting 158 and a metal snap ring 159 which, when the vacuum fitting is inserted into the opening in the shell 52e, expands into a recess therein to resist removal of the vacuum fitting from the shell. An O-ring 161 provides a seal between the vacuum fitting 158 and shell 52e.
Each injector pod 70, with a respective fuel injector 41 and fuel tubes 114 connected to it, is connected to the carrier 42 by inlet and outlet latches 154, 155 extending downward from the carrier, as shown in Figure 11. Each inlet and outlet latch 154, 155 comprises a resilient spring arm extending downward from the base strip 146 and a resilient finger integral with the end of each spring arm. The inlet and outlet latches 154, 155 are located on the carrier 42 so that, when an injector mounting 126 is inserted upward toward ~9 the carrier between the latches, the fingers are deflected away from the injector mounting by the respective inlet and outlet ledges 118, 119. When the injector mounting 126 reaches a point where the fingers of the respective latches 154, 155 are clear of the adjacent inlet and outlet ledges 118, 119, the fingers spring toward the injector mounting to positions below the respective ledges thereby holding the injector pod 70 to the carrier 42. The inlet latch 154 engages the inlet projection 122 and the outlet latch 155 engages the outlet projection 136 to prevent rotation of the injector pod 70 with respect to the carrier 42. The cross section of each injector seat 68 adjacent the respective inlet and outlet latches 154, 155, shown in Figure 11, is sufficiently narrow to obstruct separation of the latches from the injector pod 70 when it is inserted into the injector seat.
The surfaces of each of the fingers on the inlet and outlet latches 154, 155 which engage the inlet ; and outlet ledges 118, 119, respectively, may be inclined upward toward the respective spring arms. This enables disconnection of the injector pod 70 from the carrier 42 by forcibly pulling the injector pod downward away from the carrier to cause the fingers on the inlet and outlet latches 154, 155 to move away from the injector mounting 126 to a point where the fingers are clear of the respective ledges 118, 119.
; Each injector pod 70e may be alternatively connected to the carrier 42e by upward insertion of the pod latches 121 through a slot which extends through the base strip 146e, as shown in Figures 25 and 26. Each pod latch 121 is formed in the injector mounting 126 so that, when the pod latch is inserted upward through the f~ C~

slot, the finger is deflected into the slot. When the pod latch 121 reaches a point where the finger is clear of the upper surface of the base strip 146e, the finger springs outward away from the slot to a position above the base strip 146e thereby holding the injector pod 70e to the base strip. The injector pod 70e can be disconnected from the base strip 146e by pulling it downward causing the finger of the pod latch 121 to deflect into the slot enabling the pod latch to exit the slot.

Carrier As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the carrier 42 comprises a continuous flat base strip 146 disposed between the cover 54 and the casing flange 80. The base strip 146 is releasably connected to the interior of the casing 33 above the injector seats 68 by being clamped between the cover 54 and the casing flange 80, and by the injector pods 70. The injector pods 70 are positioned with respect to the base strip 146 so that, when the base strip is connected to the interior of the casing 33, each of the fuel injectors 41 can inject fuel into a corresponding fluid outlet 32. The base strip 146 may have alignment pins extending upward and downward from its upper and lower surfaces, respectively. The alignment pins are received in corresponding recesses in the cover 54 and casing flange 80 to align the base strip 146 with respect to them.
The base strip 146 is constructed of short glass reinforced nylon type 66 to increase its compressive strength.

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Each face of the base strip 146 has a peripheral carrier groove 148 along its entire length and a resilient carrier ribbon 150 contained within each carrier groove. The carrier ribbon 150 extends beyond the respective faces of the base strip 146 so that, when it is disposed between the cover 54 and casing flange 80, the carrier ribbon is compressed to provide a seal between the cover and casing flange. As shown in Figure 7, ribbon connectors 152 comprising passages extend between the carrier grooves 148 throughout the base strip 146 to allow communication between the carrier grooves. The carrier ribbon 150 is placed in the carrier grooves 148 by injecting dimethylsilicone rubber in a liquid state into them on one face of the base strip 146 and allowing it to flow through the ribbon connectors 152 into the carrier groove on the opposite face. The carrier groove 148 on the lower face of the base strip 146 may also be connected with the cylindrical recesses in the extensions 174 to enable the ribbon material to flow into them to form the locator pads 172.
As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the base strip 146 has a circular component opening 160 adjacent the fuel outlet tube 112 and three equally spaced integral resilient curved clasps 162 extending into the opening.
The clasps 162e are preferably located away from the outer edge of the base strip 146e at which the base strip narrows, as shown in Figure 26, to reduce the bending stresses in this region of the base strip. The fuel pressure regulator 108 has a cylindrical housing 164 which is sized so that it may be inserted into the component opening 160 without engaging the clasps 162.
The regulator housing 164 has a cylindrical regulator flange 166 which, when the regulator housing is inserted upward into the component opening 160, is grasped by the clasps 162 to releasably retain the regulator housing in the component opening. The regulator housing 164 can be removed by pulling it downward out of the component opening 160 causing the clasps 162 to release the regulator flange 166. As shown in Figures 26 and 27, the base strip 146e may have a downwardly extending connector flange 167 facing the regulator inlet connector 127 opposite the fuel pressure regulator 108e.
The connector flange 167 obstructs separation of the regulator inlet connector 127 from the fuel pressure regulator 108e.
Each clasp 162e may also comprise a resilient spring arm extending downward from the base strip 146e and a resilient finger integral with the end of ~ach spring arm. upward insertion of the regulator flange 166e into the component opening 160e results in the regulator flange engaging the fingers of the clasps 162e causing the fingers to deflect away from the regulator housing 164e. When the regulator flange 166e reaches a point where the fingers of the clasps 162e are clear of the regulator flange, the fingers spring toward the regulator housing 164e so that the fingers are below the regulator flange, as shown in Figure 27. The regulator flange 166e is thereby retained by the clasps 162e in the component opening 160e. The regulator housing 164e can be removed by pulling it downward causing the fingers of the clasps 162 to move away from the regulator housing 164e to release the regulator flange 166e.

r.J ~ r~ ~t Components other than the fuel pressure requlators 108, 108e may be held within openings in the base strips 146, 146e similar to the component openings 160, 160e by clasps similar to the clasps 162, 162e.
The regulator housings 164, 164e can therefore serve as component housings for other components.
As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 13, the base strip 146 has a circular component opening 182 adjacent the air inlet 31 and a component keyway 184 contiguous with the component opening 182. A clasp comprising three equally spaced integral resilient detents 186 extends from the lower surface of the base strip 146 into the component opening 182 at an angle to the base strip.
A temperature sensor 188, shown in detail in Figures 14, 15 and 16 comprises a cylindrical sensor housing 190, extending downward through the component opening 182. The sensor housing 190 is constructed of glass filled polyester. A thermistor 192 which produces a non-linear variable electric resistance inversely proportional to its temperature is disposed within the sensor housing 190. The thermistor 192 may have a low weight to reduce its thermal inertia resulting in improved responsiveness of the thermistor.
The sensor housing 190 has a housing inlet 194 which faces the air inlet 31 so that a portion of the air or fluid entering the casing 33 through the air inlet flows through the housing inlet in the direction 218 into the sensor housing 190, as shown in Figure 16.
The air flows through a passageway in the sensor housing 190 and exits through a housing outlet 196. The passageway has a vortex producing means comprising a converging portion 195 adjacent the housing inlet 194.

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The passageway also has a diverging portion 197 adjacent the housing outlet 196, with an edge 191 being formed between the converging and diverging portions 195, 197.
The combination of the converging and diverging portions 195, 197 constitutes a velocity increasing means.
Passage of the air flow by the edge 191 results in the formation of vortices in the air flow downstream of the edge 191. The diverging portion 197 produces an increase in the air flow velocity through the passageway adjacent the edge 191. The thermistor 192 is positioned in the passageway adjacent the edge 191 and downstream of the converging portion 195 to maximize the velocity of the air flow adjacent the thermistor and to maximize the impingement of the vortices on the thermistor. The increased air flow turbulence produced by the vortices and the increased air flow velocity adjacent the thermistor 192 increases its responsiveness and accuracy. The velocity of the air entering the casing 33 through the air inlet 31 may be sufficiently high to further increase the velocity of the air in the passageway.
The top of the sensor housing 190 has an integral flange 214 which rests on the base strip 146.
An electrical connector 198 is attached to the top of the sensor housing 190. Leads 199 are soldered to the thermistor 192 and extend through the sensor housing 190 into the electrical connector 198, as shown in Figure 4.
Sensor wires 200 of a wiring harness 230 extend from the leads 199 out of the electrical connector 198.
The lower end of the sensor housing 190 has a circular, approximately constant cross section which is smaller than the component opening 182 to allow downward insertion of the sensor housing into it. As shown in , .

Figures 14, 15 and 16, the sensor housing 190 has a frustoconical portion 202 above the housing inlet and outlet 194, 196. The frustoconical portion 202 facilitates coaxial alignment of the sensor housing 190 with the component opening 182 as it is inserted downward into the component opening. The sensor housing 190 has a cylindrical enlarged portion 204 above the frustoconical portion 202 having a circular cross section smaller than the component opening 182 but sufficiently large to engage the resilient detents 186 when the sensor housing is inserted into the component opening. The enlarged portion 204 has a cylindrical recess 206 so that, when the enlarged portion is inserted into the component opening 182, the ends of the detents 186 enter the recess to releasably retain the sensor housing 190 in the component opening. The sensor housing 190 can be removed by pulling it upward out of the component opening 182 causing the ends of the detents 186 to exit the recess 206.
The sensor housing 190 has an integral longitudinal key 208 extending from its outer surface.
When the sensor housing 190 is inserted into the component opening 182 with the housing inlet 194 facing the air inlet 31, the key 208 enters the component keyway 184 to prevent rotation of the sensor housing with respect to the base strip 146. The key 208 is located on the sensor housing 190 so that, when it is inserted into the keyway 184, the thermistor 192 is properly aligned with respect to the base strip 146.
An alternative embodiment of the sensor housing 190 is shown in Figures 17 and 18. The construction of the alternative sensor housing l90a and carrier 42a corresponds to the sensor housing 190 and r~ 3 carrier 42 except for the modifications described below.
Similar parts are identified by the same reference numerals as those used for the temperature sensor 188 with the addition of the suffix a. The detents 186 and component keyway 184 are removed from the base strip 146a. A continuous ridge 212 is formed on the upper surface of the base strip 146a with the component opening 182a being offset inside the ridge.
The sensor housing l90a includes an integral support flange 214 having a perimeter which corresponds in shape to the inner edge of the ridge 212 so that, when the sensor housing is inserted into the component opening 182a with the housing inlet 194a facing the air inlet 31, the flange fits inside the ridge to align the sensor housing with respect to the base strip 146a. The enlarged portion 204a of the sensor housing l90a has a circular cross section larger than the component openiny 182a and a cylindrical recess 206a with an inner dimension corresponding to the edge of the component opening. The base strip 146a or the enlarged portion 204a is resilient so that, when it is inserted into the component opening 182a, the edge of the component opening enters the recess 206a to fasten the sensor housing l90a to the base strip. The base strip 146a may have a cylindrical recess 216 adjacent the edge of the component opening 182a to facilitate deflection of the edge when the enlarged portion 204a is inserted into the component opening.
As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 13, the pressure sensor 222 includes a sensor element of the conventional type contained in a sensor housing l90b similar to that described above in connection with the temperature sensor 188, except that the upper portion of the sensor ~ 2 ~

housing l90b above the base strip 146b has the shape of a rectangular prism. Similar parts are identified by the same reference numerals as those used for the temperature sensor 188 with the addition of the suffix b. The base strip 146b has a cylindrical component opening 182b and keyway 184b, and resilient detents 186b similar to those described above in connection with the temperature sensor 188. The sensor housing l90b is fastened to the base strip 146b by detents 186b which extend into a recess 206b in the sensor housing in a similar manner as the detents 186 in the sensor housing 190. Sensor wires 200b extend from the sensor housing l90b in a similar manner as the sensor wires 200 extend from the sensor housing 190.
An alternative sensor housing for the pressure sensor 222 similar to the alternative sensor housing l90a is also possible. Locating the pressure sensor 222 inside the casing 33 results in an increase in the responsiveness of the pressure sensor.
A sensor housing may also alternatively be inserted into a semicircular recess formed in an edge of a base strip similar to base strip 146. The recess is slightly smaller than the sensor housing and either the base strip or sensor housing is resilient to allow the sensor housing to be inserted into the recess and held in it. The sensor housing has indentations into which the edges of the recess enter to prevent upward or downward displacement of the sensor housing with respect to the base strip. The sensor housing also has a pair of longitudinal keys which engage the edge of the base strip when the sensor housing is inserted into the recess to prevent rotation of the sensor housing with respect to it. The keys are located on the sensor ~ ~3 2 ~"~ t`3~

housing so that, when they engage the base strip, the sensor within the housing is properly aligned with respect to the base strip.
Figures 31-33 show an example of such a sensor housing. The sensor housing l90e has a thermistor 192e in a passageway extending between a housing inlet and outlet 194e, 196e. The sensor housing l90e has a pair of support flanges 219, 220 which define indentations or sensor slots 215. The support flanges 219, 220 have different lengths so that each sensor slot 215 has a sensor notch 217. The sensor housing l90e has a connector keeper 213 above the housing outlet 196e. An electrical connector 198e can be attached to the connector keeper 213 with the leads l99e being in electrical contact with the electrical connector.
The base strip 146e has a pair of resilient carrier tangs 209 extending from an interior edge of the base strip. The carrier tangs 209 define a semicircular recess, and are adapted to grasp the sensor housing l90e when the sensor housing is inserted between the carrier tangs. Each carrier .ang 209 has a tang stop 210 extending downward adjacent the end of the carrier tang.
A carrier stop 207 extends from an interior edge of the base strip 146e between the carrier tangs 209.
The sensor housing l90e is connected to the base strip 146e by inserting the sensor housing between the carrier tangs 209 with each carrier tang entering a sensor slot 215 and each tang stop 210 entering a sensor notch 217. The carrier tangs 209 grasp the sensor housing l90e with the enlarged ends of the carrier tangs wrapping around the portion of the sensor housing above the housing outlet 196e to resist removal of the sensor housing from between the carrier tangs. The support :
!
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39flanges 219, 220 obstruct displacement of the sensor housing l90e with respect to the base strip 146e in a plane perpendicular to the base strip. When the sensor housing l90e is connected to the base strip 146e in the predetermined orientation, the housing inlet 194e faces a carrier stop 207. Also, each of the tang stops 210 engage a respective stop flange 220 on opposite sides of the sensor housing l90e to obstruct rotation of the sensor housing with respect to the base strip 146e. The stop flanges 220 may therefore be considered as longitudinal keys which engage the base strip 146e to obstruct such rotation. When the sensor housing l90e is not in the predetermined orientation, the tang stops 210 engage the stop flanges 219, 220 when the carrier tangs 209 enter the sensor slots 215 to limit the portion of the carrier tangs which enter the sensor slots thereby obstructing the grasping.
Sensors may also be alternatively mounted on a platform which is releasably connected to the upper surface of a base strip similar to the base strip 146 by resilient posts extending upward from it. The distance between the posts is less than the perimeter of the platform so that the platform may be placed opposite the base strip with the posts in engagement with the edges of the platform to retain it against the base strip.
The base strip may have an opening opposite the platform to allow a projection from it which contains a sensor to extend below the base strip. This can allow the sensor, for example, to be positioned opposite the air inlet.
Figures 26 and 27 show an assembly including parts similar to such a platform and posts. In this assembly, the base strip 146e has a component opening 182be and a clasp comprising a carrier post means including a pair of integral resilient carrier posts 223 extending away from the upper face of the base strip adjacent the component opening. Each carrier post 223 has a resilient post finger 229 extending toward the other carrier post. The carrier post means also includes a carrier pedestal 227 spaced away from the carrier posts 223 on a line extending midway between the carrier posts. The carrier pedestal 227 comprises a pair of resilient pedestal tangs extending away from the upper face of the base strip 146e.
The clasp further comprises a carrier spring 231 including two leaf springs extending away from the upper face of the base strip 146e toward the carrier posts 223. The space between the leaf springs of the carrier spring 231 narrows in the direction toward the carrier posts 223. The space between the ends of the leaf springs of the carrier spring 231 defines the component opening 182be.
The sensor housing 190be comprises a sensor platform 225 and a projection or sensor conduit 226 having an enlarged end adjacent one end of the sensor platform. The sensor platform 225 is connected to the carrier post means by downwardly inserting the end of the sensor conduit 226 between the leaf springs of the carrier spring 231 and displacing the sensor conduit toward the component opening 182be. This results in the carrier spring 231 deflecting downward toward the base strip 146e and the end of the sensor platform 225 adjacent the sensor conduit 226 becoming lodged between the carrier posts 223. Continued displacement of the sensor conduit 226 toward the end of the carrier spring 231 results in the sensor conduit becoming lodged in the component opening 182be. One of the leaf springs of the carrier spring 231 has an enlarged portion which obstructs displacement of the sensor conduit 226 away from the component opening 182be. The carrier spring 231 urges the sensor platform 225 upward into engagement with the post fingers 229 resulting in the sensor platform being grasped between the post fingers and carrier spring.
The end of the sensor platform 225 opposite the sensor conduit 226 has a neck portion which is sized to be insertable between the pedestal tangs of the carrier pedestal 227. The ends of the pedestal tangs of the carrier pedestal 227 are shaped to partially encircle the neck portion of the sensor platform 225 to resist upward displacement of it resulting in further grasping of the sensor platform. The enlarged portions of the sensor platform 225 adjacent each end of the neck portion limit displacement of the sensor platform in a plane parallel to the base strip 146e.
The sensor conduit 226 communicates with a pressure sensor which is mounted on the sensor platform 225. The extension of the sensor conduit 226 into the component opening 182be enables communication between the region under the base strip 146e and the pressure sensor, via the sensor conduit 226.
Other components may be held in component housings similar to the sensor housings described above which are connected to respective base strips in the above described manners.
As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 9, the base strip 146 has a conduit 178 comprising an integral channel 224 adjacent the inner edge of the base strip.
Control wires 228 of the wiring harness 230 extend from each fuel injector 41 and are inserted into the channel 224 from underneath it. The control wires 228 extend through the channel 224 to a wiring harness housing 241 of the wiring harness 230.
As shown in Figure 1, the conduit 178 has a plurality of bridges 232 connected to the edge of the channel 224 by hinges 234. As shown in Figure 9, each hinge 234 is formed by thin flexible webs connecting one end of the bridge 232 and the edge of the channel 224.
As shown in Figure 9, each bridge 232 is thereby able to swing between a closed position (shown in solid lines) wherein it extends across at least a portion of the channel 224 to obstruct removal of the control wires 228 from it and an open position ~shown in phantom) wherein it extends away from the channel to enable insertion of the control wires into it.
Each bridge 232 has a pair of integral resilient latches 238 extending from its free end which releasably engage an integral keeper 240 formed in the channel 224 opposite the hinge 234. Each latch 238 comprises a resilient arm projecting upward into the keeper 240 from the end of each bridge 232 when the bridges are in the closed position and a finger projecting toward the keeper. The arrangement is such that when each bridge 232 is swung to the closed position, the latch 238 moves upward toward the keeper .
240 causing the finger to engage it. Continued upward insertion of the latch 238 causes the finger to move away from the keeper 240, clear its inner edge and spring toward the keeper to a position above it. The bridge 232 is thereby retained in the closed position, as shown in Figure 9. The bridges 232 are spaced apart from one another so that gaps between them are adjacent each fuel injector 41, as shown in Figure 1. This enables the control wires 228 from the fuel injectors 41 to extend into the channel 224 with the bridges in the closed position.
The surfaces of each of the fingers on the latch 238 which engage the keeper 240 may be inclined downward toward the respective spring arm. This enables release of the bridge 232 from the closed position by forcibly pulling it downward to cause each of the fingers on the latch 238 to move away from the keeper 240 to a point where the fingers clear it.
An alternative conduit 178e is shown in ~igures 26 and 28. The channel 224e is formed by a pair of conduit walls which extend upward from the base strip 146e with the control wires 228e being placed in the channel. The channel 224e extends around the base strip 146e generally above the fuel tube 114e. The conduit 178e includes conduit ports 235 formed in the inner wall of the channel 224e adjacent padded carrier slots 236 in the base strip 146e. Each carrier slot 236 is adjacent a fuel injector 41e, with the padding on each carrier slot comprising a coating of dimethylsilicone rubber.
The carrier slots 236 may be connected to the carrier groove 148e, via slot recesses 237 in the lower face of the base strip 146e, to enable the ribbon material which forms the carrier ribbon 150e to flow onto the carrier slots 236 to form the coating. The control wires 228e are routed from inside the channel 224e through the respective conduit ports 235 and carrier slots 236 to the respective fuel injectors 41e. The coating on the carrier slots 236 provides soft edges on the base strip 146e for the control wires 228e to adjoin.

A conduit cap 239 is attached to the base strip 146e by cap latches 233 which extend into cap slots 247 in the base strip 146e adjacent the channel 224e. When the conduit cap 239 is attached to the base strip 146e, the conduit cap covers the channel 224e.
The conduit cap 239 may extend to the wiring harness housing 241 so that, when the conduit cap is attached to the base strip 146e, the conduit cap also covers the wiring harness housing.
An alternative conduit may be formed in the base strip 146 by a pair of conduit walls which extend upward from its upper face with the conduit walls being approximately parallel to the edges of the base strip.
A conduit trough is defined by the area between the conduit walls into which the control wires are placed.
Overhangs extend from the upper edges of portions of the conduit walls over the conduit trough to prevent removal .
of the control wires from it. Gaps are formed in the conduit walls adjacent the overhangs to facilitate insertion of the control wires into the conduit trough.
The control wires are routed from the conduit trough to the respective injectors through openings in the base strip adjacent the base of the conduit trough.
As shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4, the wiring harness 230 includes a wiring harness housing 241 integral with the base strip 146 next to the air inlet 31. The wiring harness housing 241 is cylindrical and is inserted into an opening in the shell 52. The wiring harness housing 241 has notches 249 shown in Figures 3 and 4 adjacent its upper edge to allow the control wires 228 to extend into it from the interior of the casing 33. The interior of the wiring harness housing 241 has an integral cylindrical partition 245 with support ribs depending from its lower surface.
The wiring harness housing 241e may also be detachable from the base strip 146e. As shown in Pigure 26, the base strip 146e has a harness opening 251 and three circumferential harness sockets formed in the base strip adjacent the harness opening. As shown in Figure 37, the wiring harness housing 241e has three radial housing tabs 255 extending from its outer surface which interlock with the three harness sockets. Radial carrier gaps 257 are provided between the harness sockets so that the wiring harness housing 241e can be downwardly inserted into the harness opening 251 with the housing tabs 255 passing through the carrier gaps.
The wiring harness housing 241e is then rotated with respect to the harness opening 251 so that the housing tabs 255 enter the harness sockets and interlock therewith to hold the wiring harness housing 241e to the base strip 146e.
The wiring harness 230 includes a harness cap 246 shown in Pigure 1 connected to the wiring harness housing 241 by a harness hinge 248. The harness hinge 248 is formed by a thin flexible web connecting the edge of the harness cap 246 to the upper edge of the wiring harness housing 241. The harness cap 246 is thereby able to swinq between an open position wherein each control wire 228 and sensor wire 200, 200b may be inserted into the wiring harness housing 241 and a closed position. The harness cap 246 has a notch 201 allowing the sensor wires 200, 200b to extend into the wiring harness housing 241 with the harness cap in the closed position.

The harness cap 246 has a plurality of integral latches 250 shown in Figures 1 and 4 which releasably engage a cylindrical ridge 252 on the inner surface of the wiring harness housing 241 when the harness cap is in the closed position, as shown in Figure 4. Each latch 250 comprises a resilient arm projecting downward into the wiring harness housing 241 from the bottom of the harness cap 246 when the cap is in the closed position and a finger projecting radially -outward. The arrangement is such that when the harness cap 246 is swung to the closed position, the latch 250 moves downwardly into the wiring harness housing 241 causing the finger to engage the ridge 252. Continued downward insertion of the latch 250 causes the finger to move inward, clear the ridge 252 and spring outward to a position below the ridge, thereby holding the harness cap 246 in the closed position. The harness cap 246 may be released from the closed position by forcibly pulling it upward to cause the finger of the latch 250 to move inward to a point where it clears the ridge 252. It is possible for the wiring harness 230e to lack a harness cap as shown in Figure 26.
The wiring harness 230 includes a cylindrical sealing body 242 constructed of absorbent silicone rubber impregnated with silicone fluid. The sealing body 242 is molded inside the wiring harness housing 241 on each side of the partition 245, as shown in Figure 4, with the partition 245 providing support to the sealing body 242. The sealing body 242 extends downward out of the wiring harness housing and radially outward adjacent the opening in the shell 52. The sealing body 242 has cylindrical beads 243 on its outer surface which are compressed when the sealing body is inserted into the ~. ~ 2.~

opening in the shell 52 to provide a seal between the sealing body and the shell. Figure 37 illustrates the sealing body 242e and partition 245e in the embodiment of the wiring harness 230e which is detachable from the base strip 146e.
Harness outlets 244 extend through the sealing body 242 and openings in the partition 245. The diameter of each harness outlet 244 is smaller than the respective sensor or control wire 200, 200b, 228 which extends through it. This enables the walls of the respective harness outlet 244 to compressively or sealingly engage the respective sensor or control wire 200, 200b, 228 extending through it to provide a seal between them. The silicone fluid in the sealing body 242 facilitates insertion of the sensor and control wires 200, 200b, 228 into the respective harness outlets 244.
The sensor wires 200, 200b extend downward out of the wiring harness housing 241 and casing 33 to an engine control module. The engine control module measures the electric signals produced by the temperature and pressure sensors 188, 222 which can be correlated to the temperature and pressure, respectively, of the air entering the casing 24 through the air inlet 31. The eIectric signals produced by the temperature and pressure sensors 118, 222 also affect the regulation of the engine operation by the engine control module.
The control wires 228 extend downward out of the wiring harness housing 241 and casing 33 to the engine control module. The engine control module produces electric signals which cause the fuel injectors 41 to discharge fuel at predetermined times.

'" ~ ',J ` ~ t~ '-J

Alternatively, the wiring harness housing 241 and sealing body 242 may be replaced by a multiple wire connector. The sensor and csntrol wires 200, 200b, 228 would then extend from inside the casing 33 to the multiple wire connector which would be sealingly retained in an opening in the casing in a similar manner as the wiring harness 230. A corresponding connector would be connected to the outer face of the multiple wire connector to electrically connect each of the sensor and control wires 200, 200b, 228 to a corresponding wire outside the casing 33 leading to the engine control module.
The sensor and control wires 200e, 200be, 228e may also collectively extend through the wiring harness 230e to a single cylindrical multiple wire connector located outside the casing 33e. The single multiple wire connector has a separate lead corresponding to each sensor and control wire 200e, 200be, 228e. A
corresponding connector is attached to the multiple wire connector to electrically connect the sensor and control wires 200e, 200be, 228e to the engine control module.
The carrier 42 described above, with some or all of the described components attached to it, may be used with other induction systems.

Distribution Mountings A pair of distribution mountings 44 are disposed between the shell 52 and the cylinder heads 37, as shown in Figure 2. Each distribution mounting 44, also shown in Figure 19, comprises an elongate pedestal constructed of a thermoset material including a mineral reinforced phenolic material. The distribution mountings 44 reduce the heat transferred from the ~ 3;~ Y 3 '.

cylinder heads 37 to the casing 33 and the air, fuel and components contained in it.
The mounting passages 48 extend through each distribution mounting 44 between their respective upper and lower surfaces. Each mounting passage 48 connects a fluid outlet 32 to a respective cylinder inlet 34 to allow communication between the air tubes 35 and fuel injectors 41, and the respective cylinders.
Each distribution mounting 44 has a pair of alignment pins 254 extending upward and downward from its top and bottom surfaces, respectively, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 19. The portions of the shell 52 and cylinder heads 37 which mate with the distribution mountings 44 each have bores 256 corresponding to the alignment pins 254 so that, when the distribution mountings are clamped between the shell and cylinder heads, each alignment pin extends into a corresponding bore. The bores in the shell 52e may extend completely through the shell into its interior. Alignment of the shell 52, distribution mountings 44 and cylinder heads 37 is thereby facilitated.
The distribution passages 50 comprise an outer distribution passage 260 adjacent the outer side of each distribution mounting 44 and an inner distribution passage 262 adjacent the inner side of each distribution mounting. Each outer distribution passage 260 is defined by a longitudinal recess in the lower surface of the distribution mounting 44 as shown in Figure 19. The recess has a longitudinal axis parallel to the lower surface of the distribution mounting 44 so that the recess is enclosed when the distribution mounting 44 mates with the adjacent cylinder head 37 shown in Figure 21.

It is possible to reduce the length of the outer distribution passage 260 by locating each of its ends between an end of the distribution mounting 44 and an outer port 264 adjacent thereto, with the ends of the distribution passage being generally adjacent to the outer ports.
The distribution passages 50 include pairs of outer ports 264 which connect each outer distribution passage 260 to the adjacent mounting passages 48. Each outer port 264 is formed by a pair of outer transverse recesses in each distribution mounting 44 extending between an outer distribution passage 260 and the adjacent mounting passages 48. The transverse recesses are enclosed when each distribution mounting 44 mates with the respective cylinder head 37 to form the outer ports 264. Supplemental fluids are thereby able to flow from each outer distribution passage 260, through the outer ports 264 and into the adjacent mounting passages 48. The size of the cross section of the outer ports 264 can be varied to adjust the flow of supplemental fluids from the outer distribution passage 260 into the adjacent mounting passages 48.
Each pair of outer ports 264 are equally offset a sufficient distance from the transverse centerline 263 of the respective mounting passage 48, shown in Figure 19, which coincides with the spray axes of the respective fuel injector 41. When each distribution mounting 44 mates with a respective cylinder head 37, the axes of the outer ports 264 thereby avoid intersecting the spray axes of the adjacent fuel injectors 41 to reduce any deflection of the fuel spray from the fuel injectors caused by the fluids exiting the outer ports. Moreover, the offset of ~ 3'~ ~

the outer ports 264 facilitates the distribution of supplemental fluids to each intake port of a cylinder having multiple intake ports.
Each inner distribution passage 262 is defined by a longitudinal recess in the lower surface of the distribution mounting 44 shown in Figure 19 and a corresponding longitudinal recess in the adjacent cylinder head 37 shown in Figure 21. The inner recess in each distribution mounting 44 has a longitudinal axis parallel to the lower surface of the distribution mounting so that the inner recess and the corresponding recess in the respective cylinder head 37 are enclosed when the distribution mounting 44 mates with the cylinder head. The cross section of each inner distribution passage 262 varies along its length in the regions 261, 265 between the mounting passages 48.
The distribution passages 50 include inner ports 266 which connect each inner distribution passage 262 to the adjacent mounting passages 48. Each inner port 266 is similar to the outer ports 264 except that they are formed by transverse recesses in the cylinder heads 37 instead of in the distribution mountings 44.
Supplemental fluids are thereby able to flow from each inner distribution passage 262 through the inner ports 266 into the adjacent mounting passages 48. The size of the cross section of the inner ports 266 can be varied to adjust the flow of supplemental fluids from the inner distribution passage 262 into the adjacent mounting passages 48. Only a single inner port 266 connects each inner distribution passage 262 to an adjacent mounting passage 48 since the gas flow through these ports initially mixes with the air exiting the air tubes 35 rather than the fuel exiting the fuel injectors 41.

3 ~

Each cylinder head 37 has cylinder head passages 267a,b shown in Figure 21 extending from a supplemental fluid source to its upper surface. Each of the cylinder head passages 267a,b is formed in the end of the cylinder head 37 closest to its source of supplemental fluid. A tubular connector 269 is fitted into cylinder head passage 267a to facilitate connection of the supplemental fluid source to this cylinder head passage.
Each of the cylinder head passages 267a,b communicates with a respective outer and inner distribution passage 260, 262 when the distribution mountings 44 mate with the respective cylinder heads 37.
It is possible to locate the cylinder head passage 267a and tubular connector 269 in other regions of the cylinder head 37 to enable communication between an outer distribution passage 260 having a reduced length and the cylinder head passage 267a. Supplemental fluids are thereby able to flow from the respective supplemental fluid sources through the outer and inner distribution passages 260, 262 and ports 264, 266 into the mounting passages 48.
The flow of the supplemental fluids through the regions 261, 265 results in the deposition of particulates from the supplemental fluids on the adjacent cylinder heads 37. In addition, the direction of the supplemental fluid flow through the inner distribution passages 262 results in the cross section of the regions 261 increasing in the direction of the supplemental fluid flow. This improves the flow efficiency of the supplemental fluids through the inner distribution passages 262.

2 ~

The supplemental fluid source connected to the outer distribution passages 260 provides a source of crankcase gas to those distribution passages. The supplemental fluid source connected to the inner distribution passages 262 provides a source of reduced temperature exhaust gas to those distribution passages.
Gases from each of these sources are thereby able to flow into the respective distribution passages 50 and into the mounting passages 48. Heating of the air and fuel exiting the fluid outlets 32 by the crankcase and exhaust gases prior to their entry into the cylinders is limited enabling greater amounts of air and fuel to enter the cylinders prior to combustion.
In addition to the source of crankcase gas, a fuel vapor canister can be connected to the outer distribution passages 260 to additionally provide a source of fuel vapors to those distribution passages.
Additional distribution passages can be formed in the distribution mountings 44 or the cylinder heads 37 similar to the distribution passages 50. Supplemental fluids can be connected to these additional distribution passages and thereby flow into the mounting passages 48.
Each distribution mounting 44 has an upper mounting gasket 274 connected to its upper surface, as shown in Figures 22 and 24. Each upper mounting gasket 274 comprises a flat metal plate 276, which corresponds to the upper surface of a respective distribution mounting 44. The plate 276 is constructed of No. 1 tempered steel. The plate 276 has ports 278 which correspond to each mounting passage 48. The upper and lower surfaces of the plate 276 are covered with a silicone rubber layer 280 having a bead 282 adjacent the perimeter of each port 278.

J ~

Integral silicone rubber studs 284 extend downward from the silicone rubber layer 280 on the lower surface of the plate 276 adjacent each of its ends.
Each stud 284 has an elongate stud recess 285 with each plate 276 having an attachment opening 286 concentric with a respective stud recess. A pin 287 is inserted through the attachment opening 286 into the stud recess 285 to urge the stud 284 into an elongate mounting recess 288 comprising a stepped bore in the distribution mounting 44 which has a smaller cross section than the stud, as shown in Figure 24. Each upper mounting gasket 274 is thereby releasably held to a respective distribution mounting 44 prior to connection of the distribution mounting to the shell 52 to facilitate the correct positioning of the upper mounting gasket between the shell and distribution mounting. When an upper mounting gasket 274 is disposed between a respective distribution mounting 44 and the shell 52, the silicone rubber layers 280, including the bead~ 282, are compressed to provide a seal between them.
An alternative construction of the upper mounting gasket 274e is shown in Figures 34-36 comprising a flat metal plate 276e. The plate 276e is preferably formed of 301 stainless steel. The plate 276e is disposed in a notch 289 formed in the upper surface of the respective distribution mounting 44e adjacent the perimeters of the mounting passages 48e.
The upper and lower surfaces of the plate 276e adjacent the perimeter of the ports 278e are covered with a silicone rubber layer 280e. The portions of the rubber layer 280e adjacent the perimeter of each port 278e have an integral bead 282e. The plate 276e also has an alignment opening through which an alignment pin 2 ~

connected to the distribution mounting 44e can extend when the plate 276e is placed on ~he distribution mounting enabling the alignment pin to further extend into an opening in the shell 52e when the shell is placed on the distribution mounting. The upper and lower surfaces of the plate 276e adjacent the alignment opening are covered with a silicone rubber layer 281.
The portions of the rubber layer 281 adjacent the perimeter of the alignment opening have an integral bead 283. It is possible for the rubber layers 2BOe to cover the entire upper and lower surfaces of the plate 276e.
The plate 276e includes integral resilient teeth 275 extending into a pin opening 277, as shown in Figure 34. The distribution mounting 44e has a retaining pin 279 which extends into the pin opening 277 when the upper mounting gasket 274e is placed on the distribution mounting. When the retaining pin 279 extends into the pin opening 277, the teeth 275 grip the retaining pin 279 to releasably hold the upper mounting gasket 274e to the distribution mounting 44e prior to placement of the shell 52e on the distribution mounting.
The teeth 275 are preferably inclined approximately 15 degrees with respect to the plate 276e so that when the teeth grip the retaining pin 279, the teeth are inclined away from the plate. The engagement between the inclined teeth 275 and retaining pin 279 urges the plate 276e against the distribution mounting 44e to facilitate flush contact between the plate and distribution mounting.
When an upper mounting gasket 274e is disposed between a respective distribution mounting 44e and the shell 52e, the silicone rubber layers 280e, 281, including the beads 282e, 283, are compressed. The ~2'~

rubber layers 281, including the heads 283, seal any clearance between the retaining pin 279 and opening in the shell 52e into which the retaining pin extends.
Each distribution mounting 44 has a lower mounting gasket 290 connected to its lower surface, as shown in Figures 23 and 24. Each lower mounting gasket 290 comprises a flat metal strip 292 constructed of No.
1 tempered steel. The strip 292 is disposed in a notch 293 formed in the lower surface of the respective distribution mounting 44 adjacent its perimeter. ~he upper and lower surfaces of the strip 292 are covered with a silicone rubber layer 294 similar to the silicone rubber layers 280 on the upper mounting gasket 274. A
bead 296 is formed in each silicone rubber layer 294.
Integral silicone rubber studs 284c similar to the silicone rubber studs 284 on the upper mounting gasket 274 extend upward from the silicone rubber layer 294 on the upper surface of the strip 292 adjacent each of its ends. Similar parts are identified by the same reference numerals as those used for the studs 284 with the addition of the suffix c. The lower mounting gasket 290 can thereby be releasably held to a respective distribution mounting 44 in a similar fashion as an upper mounting gasket 274. Disposition of a lower mounting gasket 290 between a respective distribution mounting 44 and cylinder head 37 results in compression of the silicone rubber layers 294, including the beads 296, to provide a seal between them.
An alternative construction of the lower mounting gasket 290e is shown in Figures 34-36 comprising a flat metal strip 292e. The strip 292e is preferably formed of 301 stainless steel. The upper and lower surfaces of the strip 292e are covered with a bead ~tJ ~3r3 296e comprising silicone rubber. The strip 292e includes integral resilient teeth 291 extending into a pin opening 295 in the strip, as shown in Figure 34.
The distribution mounting 44e has a retaining pin 297 which extends into the pin opening 295 when the lower mounting gasket 290e is placed on the distribution mounting. When the retaining pin 297 extends into the pin opening 295, the teeth 291 grip the retaining pin 297 to releasably hold the lower mounting gasket 290e to the distribution mounting 44e prior to placement of the distribution mounting on the cylinder head 37e.
The teeth 291 are preferably inclined approximately 15 degrees with respect to the strip 292e so that when the teeth grip the retaining pin 297, the teeth are inclined away from the strip. The engagement between the inclined teeth 291 and retaining pin 297 urges the strip 292e against the distribution mounting 44e to facilitate flush contact between the strip and distribution mounting.
It is possible to form the upper and lower mounting gaskets 274e, 290e in one piece with a pair of the upper mounting gaskets being nested inside one of the lower mounting gaskets. The upper and lower mounting gaskets 274e, 290e may then be cut apart.
An alternative to the connection of the upper and lower mounting gaskets 274, 290 to each distribution mounting 44 is the molding of a dimethylsilicone rubber mounting ribbon 272 on the upper and lower surfaces of a distribution mounting 44d similar in construction to the distribution mounting 44. The molding of such a mounting ribbon 272 on the lower surface of the distribution mounting 44d is shown in Figure 20.
Similar parts are identified by the same reference 2 ~

numerals as those used for the distribution mountings 44 with the addition of the suffix d. Each mounting ribbon 272 is molded in a respective mounting groove 268 formed in the surfaces of the distribution mounting 44d adjacent its perimeter. Each mounting ribbon 272 extends beyond the respective surfaces of the distribution mounting 44d so that, when it is disposed between the shell 52 and a respective cylinder head 37, the mounting ribbons 272 are compressed to provide a seal between them.
Threaded mounting bolts 298 shown in Figure 2 extend through openings in the cover 54, casing flanges 80, upper mounting gaskets 274, distribution mountings 44 and lower mounting gaskets 290. The threaded end of each mounting bolt 298 is inserted into a bore in a respective cylinder head 37 having internal threads corresponding to the threads on the mounting bolt to secure the integrated induction system 30 to the cylinder heads.
The distribution mountings 44e may have bosses formed on their upper surfaces around the openings through which the mounting bolts 298e extend so that when the mounting bolts are tightened, the bosses carry a substantial portion of the compressive load produced by the mounting bolts.
A vane may be attached within each mounting passage 48, 48d adjacent each fuel injector 41 so that its fuel spray impinges on the respective vane to disperse the fuel to the separate intake ports of a cylinder having multiple intake ports. In addition, each such mounting passage 48, 48d may be shaped as a nozzle, with each distribution mounting 44, 44d having additional distribution passages to allow communication ~28~

between an air source and each nozzle shaped mounting passage. By supplying air to each such mounting passage 48, 48d and properly shaping them, a sonic or supersonic air flow may be produced through each such mounting passage.
Each spark plug wire may be connected to a respective distribution mounting 44, 44d with an ignition energy source being located under the shell 52 between the distribution mountings. Electrical conductors can be integrally formed in the distribution mountings 44, 44d to electrically connect each spark plug wire to the ignition energy source.
While the invention has been described by reference to certain preferred embodiments, it should be understood that numerous changes could be made within the spirit and scope of the inventive concepts described. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but that it have the full scope permitted by the language of the following claims.

Claims

1. An integrated induction system to provide fluids to the cylinders in an engine, comprising:
a casing adapted for mounting on the engine, said casing having an air inlet and a plurality of fluid outlets, each of said fluid outlets being adapted to communicate with a respective cylinder;
a plurality of air tubes disposed within said casing, said air tubes occupying a portion of the interior of said casing with the unoccupied portion of said casing constituting a plenum, said air tubes being positioned within said casing so that said plenum provides a flow path from said air inlet to said air tubes, one end of each of said air tubes opening from said plenum and the other end of each of said air tubes engaging said casing adjacent one of said fluid outlets to allow communication between said plenum and the cylinders so that air entering into said plenum through said air inlet is introduced via each of said air tubes into the respective cylinders; and a fuel injection assembly mounted within said casing to inject fuel into the air exiting said air tubes adjacent each of said fluid outlets causing a mixture of air and fuel to enter the respective cylinders.

2. An integrated induction system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said casing comprises an enclosure defined by a shell and a cover, said cover being removable to provide access to the interior of said shell.

3. An integrated induction system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said air inlet is located adjacent the top of said casing.

4. An integrated induction system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said casing is constructed of magnesium.

5. An integrated induction system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said air tubes are arranged so that their centers of curvature are approximately collinear resulting in the inner curves of said air tubes defining a cylindrical region constituting the principal portion of said plenum.

6. An integrated induction system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said fuel injection assembly comprises a fuel distribution assembly connected to a fuel source and a fuel injector corresponding to each fluid outlet, each of said fuel injectors being connected to said fuel distribution assembly to allow communication between the fuel source and said fuel injectors enabling said injection of fuel into the air.

7. An integrated induction system as set forth in claim 6 wherein at least a portion of said fuel distribution assembly is constructed of plastic.

8. An integrated induction system as set forth in claim 1 and further comprising a sensor disposed within said casing adjacent said air inlet.

9. An integrated induction system as set forth in claim 1 and further comprising a fuel pressure regulator disposed within said casing, said fuel pressure regulator having an inlet allowing communication between it and the interior of said casing.

10. An integrated induction system to provide fluids to the cylinders in an engine, comprising:
a casing adapted for mounting on the engine, said casing having an air inlet and a plurality of fluid outlets, each of said fluid outlets being adapted to communicate with a respective cylinder;
a component mounted in the casing to facilitate provision of fluids to the cylinders; and means for venting said casing when the pressure therein reaches or exceeds a predetermined limit.

11. An integrated induction system as set forth in claim 10 wherein said casing includes a pair of casing members, and said means for venting said casing comprises a spring clip including:
a U-shaped resilient member having ends adapted to engage the surface of one of said casing members on opposite sides of a connecting bore therein so that the portion of the U-shaped member between said ends is spaced apart from said one casing member, said U-shaped member having an internally threaded clip bore coaxially aligned with the connecting bore in said one casing member; and a pair of elongate clip members extending from the inner portion of said U-shaped member into the connecting bore in said one casing member, said elongate clip members each having a hook shaped end to grasp said one casing member to retain said clip in alignment with respect to the connecting bore in said one casing member so that a connecting bolt having external threads which correspond to the internal threads in said clip bore may be inserted through a connecting bore in said other casing member and into the connecting bore in said one casing member, and screwed into said clip bore to retain said casing members together when the pressure inside said casing is below a predetermined limit and to enable said U-shaped member to deflect toward the connecting bores when the pressure inside said casing reaches or exceeds said predetermined limit to allow said casing members to separate.

12. An integrated induction system as set forth in claim 10 wherein said casing includes a vent opening and said means for venting said casing comprises a pressure relief valve including:
a valve bracket having opposing valve walls depending from a valve base, said valve walls forming an acute angle, said valve base being adapted for sealing attachment to the portion of said casing which defines said vent opening wherein said valve walls extend through said vent opening into said casing, one of said valve walls having a valve opening;
a valve return spring connected to said valve bracket; and a valve pane connected to said valve return spring enabling said valve pane to pivot between a closed position wherein said valve pane overlays said valve opening and an open position wherein said valve pane is pivoted away from said valve opening, said valve pane obstructing communication between the interior and exterior of said casing via said vent opening when said valve pane is in said closed position and allowing said communication via said vent opening and valve opening when said valve pane is in said open position, said valve return spring biasing said valve pane to said closed position when the pressure difference between the interior and exterior of said casing is below a predetermined limit, said valve return spring deflecting to allow said valve pane to pivot to said open position if the pressure difference between the interior and exterior of said casing reaches or exceeds said predetermined limit.

13. A spring clip enabling a pair of enclosure members to be held together to form an enclosure, said spring clip comprising:
a U-shaped resilient member having ends adapted to engage the surface of one of the enclosure members on opposite sides of a connecting bore therein so that the portion of the U-shaped member between said ends is spaced apart from the one enclosure member, said U-shaped member having an internally threaded clip bore coaxially aligned with the connecting bore in the one enclosure member; and a pair of elongate clip members extending from the inner portion of said U-shaped member into the connecting bore in the one enclosure member, said elongate clip members each having a hook shaped end to grasp the one enclosure member to retain said clip in alignment with respect to the connecting bore in the one enclosure member so that a connecting bolt having external threads which correspond to the internal threads in said clip bore may be inserted through a connecting bore in the other enclosure member and into the connecting bore in the one enclosure member, and screwed into said clip bore to retain the enclosure members together when the pressure inside the enclosure is below a predetermined limit and to enable said U-shaped member to deflect toward the connecting bores when the pressure inside the enclosure reaches or exceeds said predetermined limit to allow the enclosure members to separate.

14. A pressure relief valve for an enclosure having a vent opening, said pressure relief valve comprising:
a valve bracket having opposing valve walls depending from a valve base, said valve walls forming an acute angle, said valve base being adapted for sealing attachment to the portion of said casing which defines said vent opening wherein said valve walls extend through said vent opening into said casing, one of said valve walls having a valve opening;
a valve return spring connected to said valve bracket; and a valve pane connected to said valve return spring enabling said valve pane to pivot between a closed position wherein said valve pane overlays said valve opening and an open position wherein said valve pane is pivoted away from said valve opening, said valve pane obstructing communication between the interior and exterior of said casing via said vent opening when said valve pane is in said closed position and allowing said communication via said vent opening and valve opening when said valve pane is in said open position, said valve return spring biasing said valve pane to said closed position when the pressure difference between the interior and exterior of said casing is below a predetermined limit, said valve return spring deflecting to allow said valve pane to pivot to said open position if the pressure difference between the interior and exterior of said casing reaches or exceeds said predetermined limit.

15. A locator system for an air tube inside a manifold casing for introducing air contained within the manifold casing to a cylinder in an engine, said locator system comprising a locator tab projecting from the outer surface of the air tube, and a locator rib extending inward from the inner surface of the manifold casing toward said locator tab so that said locator rib bears upon said locator tab to hold the air tube in the manifold casing.

16. A locator system as set forth in claim 15 wherein said locator tab comprises a resilient cantilever tab engageable by the locator rib, and a tab stop, said cantilever tab being adapted to deflect toward said tab stop when the locator rib engages said cantilever tab, said tab stop limiting the deflection of said cantilever tab.

17. A locator system for an air tube inside a manifold casing for introducing air contained within the manifold casing to a cylinder in an engine, said locator system comprising a locator tab projecting outward from the outer surface of the air tube, and a locator sleeve formed on the inner surface of the manifold casing adjacent said locator tab so that said locator tab can be inserted in said locator sleeve, said locator tab and locator sleeve being adapted to interlock with one another to hold the air tube in the manifold casing.

18. An injector pod for an engine comprising an injector mounting having an injector socket adapted to hold a fuel injector and a slot adapted to receive a projection from the fuel injector to retain it in a predetermined alignment with respect to the axis of said injector socket, said injector mounting further including an inlet allowing entry of fuel into the fuel injector.

19. An injector pod for an engine as set forth in claim 18 and further comprising a shoulder adapted for insertion into a pod socket in the engine, said shoulder and the pod socket each having corresponding eccentric cross sections to resist rotation of said shoulder in the pod socket to hold the fuel injector in a predetermined orientation with respect to the engine.

20. An injector pod assembly for an engine comprising an injector mounting adapted to hold a fuel injector, said injector mounting having an inlet allowing entry of fuel into the fuel injector and a fastening means on its outer surface, said injector pod assembly further comprising a carrier to which said fastening means can be releasably attached to hold said injector mounting to said carrier.

21. An injector pod assembly as set forth in claim 20 wherein said fastening means includes inlet and outlet ledges and said carrier includes an inlet latch engageable with said inlet ledge and an outlet latch engageable with said outlet ledge, and further comprising an inlet projection extending away from said injector mounting adjacent said inlet ledge, and an outlet projection extending away from said injector mounting adjacent said outlet ledge, wherein said inlet latch is engageable with said inlet projection and said outlet latch is engageable with said outlet projection to hold said injector pod in alignment with respect to said carrier.

22. A fuel injection assembly for an engine having a cup shaped injector seat including a chamfered seat base with an opening, the injector seat being adapted to support a fuel injector so that fuel can exit the fuel injector and flow through the opening in the seat base toward the cylinder inlet, said fuel injection assembly including an injector mounting fixed on the engine, said injector mounting having an injector socket adapted to hold one end of the fuel injector, said injector socket having a chamfered portion to limit insertion of one end of the fuel injector into said injector socket, said fuel injection assembly further including a frustoconical seal ring disposed between the injector seat and the other end of the fuel injector to limit displacement of the other end of the fuel injector through the opening in the seat base.

23. A fuel injection assembly for an engine having a cup shaped injector seat including a chamfered seat base with an opening, the injector seat being adapted to support a fuel injector so that fuel can exit the fuel injector and flow through the opening in the seat base toward the cylinder inlet, said fuel injection assembly including an injector mounting fixed on the engine, said injector mounting having an injector socket adapted to hold one end of the fuel injector, said injector socket having a chamfered portion to limit insertion of one end of the fuel injector into said injector socket, said fuel injection assembly further including a resilient seal ring through which the other end of the fuel injector extends, said seal ring including a support means being adapted to engage the seat base to obstruct axial displacement of said seal ring toward the seat base, said support means being further adapted to engage a stop extending from the fuel injector to obstruct axial displacement of said seal ring toward the one end of the fuel injector, said seal ring further including an annular skirt integral with said support means, said skirt extending between the fuel injector and seat base, said skirt having an axial thickness sufficiently small to allow relative movement between said seal ring and the seat base while maintaining a seal between the fuel injector and seat base.

24. A fuel injection assembly as set forth in claim 23 wherein said support means includes a frustoconical portion extending from said skirt toward the other end of the fuel injector, said frustoconical portion having an outer diameter which decreases along the longitudinal axis of the fuel injector toward its other end.

25. A carrier for use with a manifold casing having a pair of casing members and a fluid outlet corresponding to each cylinder in an engine, said carrier comprising a continuous base strip connectable to the interior of the manifold casing, and a fuel injection assembly connected to said base strip, said fuel injection assembly including a fuel injector directed toward each fluid outlet and a fuel distribution assembly connected to said fuel injectors to allow communication between a fuel source and said fuel injectors, said fuel injectors being positioned with respect to said base strip so that when said base strip is connected to the interior of the manifold casing, each of said fuel injectors can inject fuel into a corresponding fluid outlet.

26. A carrier as set forth in claim 25 wherein said base strip is adapted to be clamped between the casing members.

27. A carrier as set forth in claim 25 and further comprising resilient ribbons attached to each face of said base strip along its perimeter, said ribbons having thicknesses enabling them to extend beyond the respective faces of said base strip so that, when said base strip is disposed between the casing members, said resilient ribbons are compressed between said base strip and the casing members to provide a seal between said base strip and the casing members.

28. A carrier for use with a manifold casing comprising a continuous base strip connectable to the interior of the manifold casing, said base strip having a component opening and a clasp adjacent said opening which, when a component extends through said component opening, holds the component to said base strip.

29. A carrier as set forth in claim 28 wherein said base strip has a component keyway adjacent said component opening and said clasp comprises a detent extending into said opening at an angle to said base strip, said carrier being combined with a component including a component housing having an elongate enlarged portion including a longitudinal key and a cylindrical recess, said enlarged portion having a cross section sufficiently large so that, when said enlarged portion is inserted into said component opening, said key enters said component keyway and said enlarged portion initially engages said detent and then said detent enters said recess to hold said component housing to said base strip in a predetermined orientation with respect to said base strip.

30. A carrier as set forth in claim 28 wherein said clasp comprises a plurality of carrier post means and a carrier spring extending away from one face of said base strip, said component opening being disposed between said carrier post means, said carrier being combined with a component including a component housing comprising a component platform and a component conduit adapted to extend into said component opening to enable communication between the interior of said component conduit and the region adjacent the face of said base strip opposite said one face, said component platform being adapted for insertion between said carrier post means with said component conduit extending into said component opening and with said carrier spring disposed between said component platform and base strip, said carrier spring urging said component platform away from said base strip into engagement with said carrier post means enabling said carrier post means to grasp said component platform to obstruct displacement of said component platform away from said component opening.

31. A carrier for use with a manifold casing comprising a continuous base strip connectable to the interior of the manifold casing, said base strip having a component opening and a continuous ridge formed on one face of said base strip around said component opening, said component opening being offset inside said ridge, said carrier being combined with a component including a component housing having a flange with a perimeter corresponding to the inner edge of said ridge, said component housing including an elongate enlarged portion having a cross section sufficiently large and a cylindrical recess so that, when said enlarged portion is inserted into said component opening, said enlarged portion initially engages the edge of said component opening and then the edge of said component opening enters said recess and said flange is disposed inside said ridge to retain said component housing to said base strip in a predetermined orientation with respect to said base strip.

32. A carrier for use with a manifold casing in combination with a component housing, said carrier comprising a continuous base strip connectable to the interior of the manifold casing, said base strip having a pair of resilient carrier tangs adapted to grasp said component housing when said component housing is inserted between said carrier tangs, each of said carrier tangs having a tang stop, said component housing having a pair of stop flanges defining a component slot into which one of said carrier tangs enters when said component housing is inserted between said carrier tangs, said stop flanges obstructing displacement of said component housing with respect to said base strip in a plane perpendicular to said base strip, said stop flanges having different lengths so that said component slot has a component notch into which one of said tang stops enters when one of said carrier tangs enters said component slot with said component housing in a predetermined orientation with respect to said base strip, one of said tang stops engaging said stop flanges when one of said carrier tangs enters said component slot with said component housing not in said predetermined orientation to limit the portion of said carrier tang which enters said component slot to obstruct said grasping.

33. A carrier for use with a manifold casing comprising a continuous base strip connectable to the interior of the manifold casing, said base strip having a conduit to hold wires inside the manifold casing.

34. A carrier as set forth in claim 33 wherein said conduit comprises a channel in said base strip.

35. A carrier as set forth in claim 34 wherein said conduit includes a port formed in said channel to allow a wire therein to extend out of said channel, said base strip having a padded slot adjacent said port through which said wire extends enabling the wire to adjoin a soft edge of said base strip.

36. A carrier as set forth in claim 34 and further comprising a bridge hingedly connected to said base strip adjacent one leg of said channel, said bridge being adapted to swing between a closed position wherein it extends across at least a portion of said channel to obstruct removal of the wires therein and an open position wherein it extends away from said channel to enable insertion of wires therein, said bridge having a latch engageable with said base strip to retain said bridge in said closed position.

37. A carrier for use with a manifold casing comprising a continuous base strip connectable to the interior of the manifold casing, said base strip including a wiring harness insertable into an opening in the manifold casing, said wiring harness being adapted to sealingly engage the manifold casing to provide a seal between them, said wiring harness including a wire inside the manifold casing and a harness outlet enabling extension of said wire inside the manifold casing through said harness outlet to outside of the manifold casing, said harness outlet being further adapted to sealingly engage said wire to provide a seal between them.

38. A carrier as set forth in claim 37 wherein said wiring harness includes a sealing body through which said harness outlet extends, said sealing body being constructed of silicone rubber impregnated with silicone fluid.

39. A temperature sensor for an intake manifold comprising: a sensor housing including a passageway having a housing inlet, a housing outlet and a vortex producing means, said sensor housing being located inside the manifold so that a portion of the fluid entering the manifold flows into said passageway through said housing inlet and exits said passageway through said housing outlet; and a thermistor disposed in said passageway so that, when a fluid flows through said passageway, said vortex producing means causes the formation of a vortex in the fluid flow which impinges on said thermistor.

40. A temperature sensor as set forth in claim 39 wherein said vortex producing means comprises a converging portion formed between said housing inlet and outlet, said converging portion being adjacent said housing inlet and substantially all of said converging portion being upstream of said thermistor.

41. A temperature sensor as set forth in claim 39 wherein said passageway further comprises a velocity increasing means for increasing the flow velocity of the fluid adjacent said thermistor.

42. A temperature sensor as set forth in claim 41 wherein said velocity increasing means comprises a converging portion adjacent said housing inlet and a diverging portion adjacent said housing outlet, said thermistor being located adjacent to said converging and diverging portions.

43. A temperature sensor as set forth in claim 39 in combination with an intake manifold having an air inlet, said sensor housing being mounted within said intake manifold so that said housing inlet is adjacent to and faces said air inlet.

44. A temperature sensor for an intake manifold comprising: a sensor housing including a passageway having a housing inlet, a converging portion adjacent said housing inlet, a housing outlet, and a diverging portion adjacent said housing outlet, said sensor housing being located inside the intake manifold so that a portion of the fluid entering the intake manifold flows into said passageway through said housing inlet and exits said passageway through said housing outlet; and a thermistor disposed in said passageway adjacent said converging and diverging portions.

45. A temperature sensor as set forth in claim 44 wherein said converging and diverging portions are adjacent one another so that an edge is formed between them, said edge being positioned adjacent to said thermistor.

46. A distribution mounting for a manifold in combination with an engine having a plurality of cylinders, said distribution mounting being disposed between the manifold adjacent its outlets and the engine adjacent the cylinder inlets, said distribution mounting having a plurality of mounting passages wherein each of said mounting passages leads from the manifold to a respective cylinder to allow communication between the interior of the manifold and the cylinders, said distribution mounting further having a distribution passage including ports leading to at least two of said mounting passages, said distribution passage being in further communication with a supplemental fluid source to allow communication, via said distribution passage, between the supplemental fluid source and at least two of said mounting passages.

47. A distribution mounting as set forth in claim 46 constructed of a thermoset material.

48. A distribution mounting as set forth in claim 46 wherein the cross section of said distribution passage varies along its length.

49. A distribution mounting as set forth in claim 48 wherein a portion of the cross section of said distribution passage increases along its length in the direction of the supplemental fluid flow through the distribution passage.

50. A distribution mounting for a manifold in combination with an engine having a plurality of cylinders, said distribution mounting being disposed between the manifold adjacent its outlets and the engine adjacent the cylinder inlets, said distribution mounting having mounting passages to allow communication between the interior of the manifold and the cylinders, and a distribution passage in communication with said mounting passages, said distribution passage being in further communication with a supplemental fluid source to allow communication between it and said mounting passages wherein said distribution passage comprises an elongate recess formed on the surface of said distribution mounting which mates with the engine, said recess having a longitudinal axis parallel to said surface of said distribution mounting which mates with the engine so that, when said distribution mounting mates with the engine, said recess is enclosed to form said distribution passage.

51. A distribution mounting as set forth in claim 46 and further comprising a resilient pedestal ribbon attached to the upper and lower surfaces of said distribution mounting adjacent its perimeter, said pedestal ribbons having thicknesses enabling them to extend beyond said upper and lower surfaces so that, when said distribution mounting is disposed between the manifold and the engine, said pedestal ribbons are compressed between said distribution mounting and the manifold and engine, respectively, to provide a seal between them.

52. A distribution mounting for a manifold in combination with an engine having a plurality of cylinders, said distribution mounting being disposed between the manifold adjacent its outlets and the engine adjacent the cylinder inlets, said distribution mounting having mounting passages to allow communication between the interior of the manifold and the cylinders, and a distribution passage in communication with said mounting passages, said distribution passage being in further communication with a supplemental fluid source to allow communication between it and said mounting passages, said distribution mounting including an elongate mounting recess in its upper surface and further comprising an upper mounting gasket having a resilient stud extending from its lower surface, at least a portion of said stud having a cross section larger than said mounting recess, said stud having an elongate stud recess, said upper mounting gasket having an attachment opening concentric with said stud recess enabling insertion of a pin into said stud recess to urge said stud into said mounting recess to hold said upper mounting gasket to said distribution mounting so that, when said distribution mounting mates with the manifold, said upper mounting gasket is disposed between the manifold and said distribution mounting to provide a seal between them.

53. A distribution mounting for a manifold in combination with an engine having a plurality of cylinders, said distribution mounting being disposed between the manifold adjacent its outlets and the engine adjacent the cylinder inlets, said distribution mounting having mounting passages to allow communication between the interior of the manifold and the cylinders, and a distribution passage in communication with said mounting passages, said distribution passage being in further communication with a supplemental fluid source to allow communication between it and said mounting passages, said distribution mounting including an elongate mounting recess in its lower surface and further comprising a lower mounting gasket having a resilient stud extending from its upper surface, at least a portion of said stud having a cross section larger than said pedestal recess, said stud having an elongate stud recess, said lower mounting gasket having an attachment opening concentric with said stud recess enabling insertion of a pin into said stud recess to urge said stud into said mounting recess to hold said lower mounting gasket to said distribution mounting so that, when said distribution mounting mates with the engine, said lower mounting gasket is disposed between said distribution mounting and the engine to provide a seal between them.

54. A distribution mounting for a manifold in combination with an engine having a plurality of cylinders, said distribution mounting being disposed between the manifold adjacent its outlets and the engine adjacent the cylinder inlets, said distribution mounting having mounting passages to allow communication between the interior of the manifold and the cylinders, and a distribution passage in communication with said mounting passages, said distribution passage being in further communication with a supplemental fluid source to allow communication between it and said mounting passages, said distribution mounting including a retaining pin extending from its upper surface, said distribution mounting further comprising an upper mounting gasket having a pin opening and at least one resilient tooth extending into said pin opening so that, when said upper mounting gasket is placed on said distribution mounting, said retaining pin extends into said pin opening and said tooth grips said retaining pin to hold said upper mounting gasket to said distribution mounting so that, when said distribution mounting mates with the manifold, said upper mounting gasket is disposed between the manifold and said distribution mounting to provide a seal between them.

55. A distribution mounting for a manifold in combination with an engine having a plurality of cylinders, said distribution mounting being disposed between the manifold adjacent its outlets and the engine adjacent the cylinder inlets, said distribution mounting having mounting passages to allow communication between the interior of the manifold and the cylinders, and a distribution passage in communication with said mounting passages, said distribution passage being in further communication with a supplemental fluid source to allow communication between it and said mounting passages, said distribution mounting including a retaining pin extending from its lower surface, said distribution mounting further comprising a lower mounting gasket having a pin opening and at least one resilient tooth extending into said pin opening so that, when said lower mounting gasket is placed on said distribution mounting, said retaining pin extends into said pin opening and said tooth grips said retaining pin to hold said lower mounting gasket to said distribution mounting so that, when said distribution mounting mates with the engine, said lower mounting gasket is disposed between said distribution mounting and the engine to provide a seal between them.