CA2025539C - Spread - Google Patents
SpreadInfo
- Publication number
- CA2025539C CA2025539C CA 2025539 CA2025539A CA2025539C CA 2025539 C CA2025539 C CA 2025539C CA 2025539 CA2025539 CA 2025539 CA 2025539 A CA2025539 A CA 2025539A CA 2025539 C CA2025539 C CA 2025539C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- spread
- starch
- gelatin
- fat
- aqueous phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000005471 saturated fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 23
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000011632 Caseins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N all-trans beta-carotene Natural products CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013734 beta-carotene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011648 beta-carotene Substances 0.000 description 2
- TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N beta-carotene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=CCCCC2(C)C TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002747 betacarotene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940119170 jojoba wax Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004533 oil dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940080237 sodium caseinate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010033929 calcium caseinate Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000292 pectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000019553 vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is concerned with a spread comprising from 15-30 wt.% of a continuous fat phase and 85-70 wt.% of an aqueous phase and further containing 1.2 to 6.0 wt.% gelatin and 1.0 to 6.0 wt.%
of a starch selected from the group consisting of native intact starch, cross-linked starch, chemically modified starch and mixtures thereof.
The spread of very low fat content according the present invention offers the advantage that it is of an exceptional good quality as regards oral response, spreadability and stability.
of a starch selected from the group consisting of native intact starch, cross-linked starch, chemically modified starch and mixtures thereof.
The spread of very low fat content according the present invention offers the advantage that it is of an exceptional good quality as regards oral response, spreadability and stability.
Description
2025539 1 L 7204 (R) SPREAD
The present invention is concerned with a spread of very low fat content. In particular the present invention relates to a spread containing from 15 to 30 wt.% of a continuous fat phase.
We have found that a fat-continuous spread of very low fat content, having an exceptional good quality as regards oral response, spreadability and stability can be obtained if said spread contains, in combination, gelatin and a starch selected from the group consisting of native intact starch, cross-linked starch, chemically modified starch and mixtures thereof.
Accordingly the present invention is directed to a spread comprising from 15-30 wt.% of a continuous fat phase and 85-70 wt.% of an aqueous phase and further containing 1.2 to 6.0 wt.% gelatin and 1.0 to 6.0 wt.%
of a starch selected from the group consisting of native intact starch, cross-linked starch, chemically modified starch and mixtures thereof. It is to be understood that the starches used in accordance with the present invention do not encompass hydrolyzed starches such as Paselli SA2 TM and N-oil TM.
The exceptionally good oral response of the present spread can partly be explained from the fact that the product displays pronounced in-mouth thinning due to amylase activity.
The spreads of the invention offer the advantage, that the starches are included at only relatively low concentration levels, offering the advantage that, unlike hydrolyzed starch, off-flavour problems are normally not encountered.
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202~53~
The present invention is concerned with a spread of very low fat content. In particular the present invention relates to a spread containing from 15 to 30 wt.% of a continuous fat phase.
We have found that a fat-continuous spread of very low fat content, having an exceptional good quality as regards oral response, spreadability and stability can be obtained if said spread contains, in combination, gelatin and a starch selected from the group consisting of native intact starch, cross-linked starch, chemically modified starch and mixtures thereof.
Accordingly the present invention is directed to a spread comprising from 15-30 wt.% of a continuous fat phase and 85-70 wt.% of an aqueous phase and further containing 1.2 to 6.0 wt.% gelatin and 1.0 to 6.0 wt.%
of a starch selected from the group consisting of native intact starch, cross-linked starch, chemically modified starch and mixtures thereof. It is to be understood that the starches used in accordance with the present invention do not encompass hydrolyzed starches such as Paselli SA2 TM and N-oil TM.
The exceptionally good oral response of the present spread can partly be explained from the fact that the product displays pronounced in-mouth thinning due to amylase activity.
The spreads of the invention offer the advantage, that the starches are included at only relatively low concentration levels, offering the advantage that, unlike hydrolyzed starch, off-flavour problems are normally not encountered.
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202~53~
2 L 7204 (R) A further advantage of a spread of the formulation according to the invention is that such a spread can easily be manufactured as it does not require special equipment and moreover since the product quality is not easily affected by fluctuations in processing conditions.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the spread comprises 17-28 wt.% of a continuous fat phase and 83-72 wt.% of an aqueous phase. In spreads of such a low fat content the product properties are highly dependent on the composition of the aqueous phase. In particular the presence of gelling agents, thickening agents and surface active components appears to have a crucial effect on the emulsion stability, in-mouth break down characteristics and spreadability of very low fat spreads. The combined utilization of gelatin and the present starches in accordance with the present invention, enables the preparation of very low fat spreads exhibiting excellent stability under storage conditions, breaking down easily in the mouth and showing no syneresis on spreading. Preferably the present spread contains at least 1.5 wt.% gelatin, and according to another preferred embodiment less than 5.0 wt.% gelatin. The starch content of the present spread preferably exceeds 1.5 wt.%
Both~chemically modified starches and cross-linked starches have the disadvantage as compared to native intact starch that they cannot be obtained through natural routes. Thus, in a very preferred embodiment the starch in the present spread is native intact starch.
Examples of native intact starches we have found very suitable are Remyline TM and Remyrice TM starch.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the fat phase of the spread contains less than - 202~539 - 3 L 7204 (R) 7 % saturated fatty acid residues by weight of the product. The consumption of relatively large amounts of saturated fatty acid residues is known to increase the cholesterol content of the blood and may thus promote the risk of heart and vascular diseases. It is thus advantageous if a product contains a reduced amount of saturated fatty acid residues. The spread according to this preferred embodiment of the invention combines a very good product quality with an extremely low content of saturated fatty acid residues. Although spreads having a lower saturated fatty acid residues content have been described in the art, these prior art products have in common that they contain essentially no fat and are inferior to spreads containing substantial amounts of fat. In a very preferred embodiment of the invention the fat phase comprises from 3.5% - 6.0% of saturated fatty acid residues by weight of the product.
In addition to a low content of saturated fatty acid residues, the present spread preferably contains a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acid residues.
Preferably the present spread contains polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acid residues in a weight ratio of at least 1.5, more preferably of at least 2Ø
The present invention encompasses spreads containing a continuous fat phase and an aqueous phase which may be either continuous or discontinuous.
Preferably the present spread is a water-in-oil dispersion, i.e. preferably the aqueous phase of the present spread is composed of dispersed water droplets.
It is to be understood that the term water-in-oil dispersion also encompasses dispersions of the duplex type wherein the dispersed,aqueous phase contains a dispersed fat phase. Fat-continuous spreads containing a dispersed aqueous phase are characterized by a very low conductivity.
2 0 2 5 5 3 9 4 L 7204 (R) In this specification, unless otherwise indicated, the term 'fat' refers to edible fatty substances in a general sense, including natural or synthesized fats and oils consisting essentially of triglycerides such as, for example, soybean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, coconut oil, fish oil, lard and tallow, which may have been partially or completely hydrogenated, fractionated, interesterified or modified otherwise, as well as non-toxic fatty materials having properties similar totriglycerides, which materials may be indigestible, such as for example waxes, e.g. jojoba oil and hydrogenated jojoba oil, and polyol fatty acid polyesters. Throughout this application the terms fat and oil are deemed synonymous and used interchangeably.
The water droplet size of the dispersed aqueous phase is of influence on the flavour release, stability and appearance of the present spread. Products of a very good quality can be obtained if the water droplets have a number weighted mean diameter of 3-30 microns, more preferably of 4-15 microns. Whenever referred to in this document, the number weighted mean diameter is determined by means of NMR [see J. Colloid and Interface Science (1972) 10, 206 and (1983) 93, 521] using a log-normal distribution as is commonly employed for particle size analysis.
f With regard to the product quality, in particular the oral response, the gelatin content employed in the present spread appears to be critical. According to a very preferred embodiment of the present invention the spread comprises 2.0 to 4.5 wt.% gelatin. Furthermore the present spread preferably contains 2.0 to 5.0 wt.%
of starch.
2~2~53~
L 7204 (R) The aqueous phase, in addition to gelatin and starch, may suitably include other ingredients such as thickening agents, gelling agents, salt and flavour ingredients. Suitable thickening agents are, for instance, gums like guar gum, locust bean gum and xanthan gum. Examples of gelling agents that may suitably be incorporated in the aqueous phase are carrageenan, calcium caseinate, pectin and alginate.
The aqueous phase of the spread according to the present invention preferably has been acidified to a pH
of less than 6.0, more preferably to a pH in the range of 4.8 to 5.5. A pH within this range guarantees an acceptable microbiological stability in combination with a good taste. The aqueous phase composition may have been prepared from normal tap water, but also from aqueous compositions of dairy origin such as for instance skim milk. In case skim milk is used in the preparation of the aqueous phase composition it can be advantageous from a microbiological point of view to use reconstituted skim milk.
The inclusion into the present spread of protein other than gelatin, in particular milk protein, is advantageous as it improves the taste of the spread and promotes in-mouth inversion. In-mouth inversion is accompanied by the release of flavour compounds dissolved~in the aqueous phase. Preferably the present spread contains from 0.1 to 5.0 wt.% of protein other than gelatin.
According to yet another preferred embodiment the fat phase of the present spread has an Nlo value in the range of 10-25 an N20 in the range of 5-15 and an N35 of less than 3. Spreads according to the invention comprising such a fat phase are found to be relatively quick melting in the mouth and are easily spreadable 2 & ~ 9 6 L 7204 (R) even when taken directly from the refrigerator. The N-value at a certain temperature may be determined by means of NMR, using the method described in "Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel", 80 (1978), 180-186.
The fat phase of the present spread may comprise several ingredients such as colouring agents, flavourings, vitamins and emulsifiers. Examples of emulsifiers which may suitably be incorporated in the 10 fat phase of the present product are: monoglycerides, diglycerides and phosphatides.
The spread according to the present invention may suitably be prepared by means of processing equipment well known in the art of spread manufacture. Examples of apparatus that can be used in the manufacture of the present spread are scraped surface heat exchangers (Votators TM), crystallizers (C-units), resting tubes, cavity transfer mixers, static mixers, resting tubes, pressure valves and static heat exchangers such as cooling coils.
The present spread may be prepared by a process including the inversion of a water-continuous emulsion to a fat-continuous dispersion as well as by a process in which a fat-continuous emulsion is formed upon admixing the aqueous phase composition with the fat blend prior to passing the emulsion so formed through the production line.
The present invention is further illustrated by means of the following example:
Example 1 A spread of very low fat content (25 wt.%) was prepared of the following ingredients (in % by weight of total product):
2~5~3~
7 L 7204 (R) Fat phase wt.%
Fat blend containing 50% soybean oil, 11% coconut oil, 19% soybean oil hardened to 41C and 20% of 5 soybean oil hardened to 33C 24.3 Dimodan 0 TM (monoglyceride) 0.5 Lecithin 0.2 Beta carotene and flavour 10 Aqueous phase Remyline AC l~ (Rice starch) 3.0 ~ Gelatin 250 Bloom 3.5 15 Salt 1.5 Skim milk powder 1.0 Potassium sorbate 0.12 Citric acid to a pH of 5.8 Water to 100%
The spread was prepared by first separately preparing the aqueous phase composition and fat phase composition and then feeding the two compositions in separate streams (both having a temperature of about 50C) via a proportioning pump to the production line. In the proportioning pump the fat blend and aqueous phase composition were combined in a weight ratio of 25:75.
From the proportioning pump the emulsion was fed, at a throughput of 3.2 tons/hr, through three scraped surface heat exchangers (Schroeder TM) followed by a C-unit and yet two other scraped surface heat exchangers, after which the product was filled into tubs.
The five scraped surface heat exchangers had a diameter of 178 mm. The exit temperature of the emulsion from the third heat exchanger was 10C. After the C-unit the emulsion had reached a temperature of 20C. The filling temperature was 14C. The C-unit was operated at 925 rpm, the scraped surface heat exchangers at 350 rpm.
2~5'j3~
8 L 7204 (R) The pH of the product was found to be 5.8. The spread was evaluated by a professional test panel who found the product to have a smooth appearance which was very similar to spreads of substantially higher fat content.
Furthermore the product was found to break down easily in the mouth. The spread did not exhibit syneresis upon spreading and was easy spreadable even when taken directly form a refrigerator.
The incorporation of an additional C-unit (100 rpm) after the last heat exchanger was found to produce a spread of good quality.
Example 2 A spread containing 20 wt.% of a continuous fat phase and 80 wt.% of a dispersed gelled aqueous phase was prepared from a water-continuous emulsion obtained by admixing an oil phase and aqueous phase of the following 20 composition:
Oil phase (in wt.% on emulsion) Fat blend containing 50% soybean oil, 11% coconut oil, 19% soybean oil 25 hardened to 41C and 20% of soybean oil hardened to 33C 19.7 Hymono 4404TM (monoglycerides) 0.3 Flavouring material 0.009 Beta-carotene (30% conc.) 0.002 Aqueous phase (in wt.% on emulsion) Geltec TM Gelatin (bloom 270) 4.7 Ultra Tex 2 TM (cross-linked modified starch) 4.0 Sodium caseinate 2.0 Sodium Chloride 1.4 Water to 100%
- pH adjusted to 5.2 using lactic acid 2~2~
9 L 7204 (R) The water-continuous emulsion obtained after admixture of the above two phases at 50C was pasteurized at 80C
and subsequently (at a temperature of 45C) fed to two scraped surface heat exchangers (A-units) and two crystallizers (C-units) provided with cooling jackets, after which the product was filled into tubs (at a throughput of 25-45 g/min). Inversion of the water-continuous emulsion to a fat-continuous dispersion was obtained in the second C-unit.
The processing conditions in the units are recited below.
Exit Rotation Temp. (C) Speed (rpm) First A-unit 9-12 155 Second A-unit 3-7 1400 First C-unit 7-12 1400 Second C-unit 20-21 900 A stable fat-continuous product (conductivity 100 microSiemens/cm) was obtained which displayed very good spreadability and good oral melt.
Example 3 Example 2 was repeated using the same formulation with the exception that the gelatin level was increased to 5.6 wt.% and the starch level was dropped to 2.5 wt.%.
Furthermore the exit temperature from the second A-unit was kept/in the range of 8-11C. The product so obtained was found to have a much thicker oral melt than the very low fat spread described in Example 2.
Example 4 Example 2 was repeated using the same formulation but with no sodium caseinate being added. A stable fat-continuous product was obtained which showed good spreadability. The oral melt of the product was inferior to that of the very low fat spread of Example 2.
202~539 L 7204 (R) Example 5 Example 2 was repeated with the exception that the aqueous phase contained 4.0 wt.% gelatin and 3.0 wt.%
cross-linked starch. A product displaying good spreadabilty and oral melt was so obtained.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the spread comprises 17-28 wt.% of a continuous fat phase and 83-72 wt.% of an aqueous phase. In spreads of such a low fat content the product properties are highly dependent on the composition of the aqueous phase. In particular the presence of gelling agents, thickening agents and surface active components appears to have a crucial effect on the emulsion stability, in-mouth break down characteristics and spreadability of very low fat spreads. The combined utilization of gelatin and the present starches in accordance with the present invention, enables the preparation of very low fat spreads exhibiting excellent stability under storage conditions, breaking down easily in the mouth and showing no syneresis on spreading. Preferably the present spread contains at least 1.5 wt.% gelatin, and according to another preferred embodiment less than 5.0 wt.% gelatin. The starch content of the present spread preferably exceeds 1.5 wt.%
Both~chemically modified starches and cross-linked starches have the disadvantage as compared to native intact starch that they cannot be obtained through natural routes. Thus, in a very preferred embodiment the starch in the present spread is native intact starch.
Examples of native intact starches we have found very suitable are Remyline TM and Remyrice TM starch.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the fat phase of the spread contains less than - 202~539 - 3 L 7204 (R) 7 % saturated fatty acid residues by weight of the product. The consumption of relatively large amounts of saturated fatty acid residues is known to increase the cholesterol content of the blood and may thus promote the risk of heart and vascular diseases. It is thus advantageous if a product contains a reduced amount of saturated fatty acid residues. The spread according to this preferred embodiment of the invention combines a very good product quality with an extremely low content of saturated fatty acid residues. Although spreads having a lower saturated fatty acid residues content have been described in the art, these prior art products have in common that they contain essentially no fat and are inferior to spreads containing substantial amounts of fat. In a very preferred embodiment of the invention the fat phase comprises from 3.5% - 6.0% of saturated fatty acid residues by weight of the product.
In addition to a low content of saturated fatty acid residues, the present spread preferably contains a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acid residues.
Preferably the present spread contains polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acid residues in a weight ratio of at least 1.5, more preferably of at least 2Ø
The present invention encompasses spreads containing a continuous fat phase and an aqueous phase which may be either continuous or discontinuous.
Preferably the present spread is a water-in-oil dispersion, i.e. preferably the aqueous phase of the present spread is composed of dispersed water droplets.
It is to be understood that the term water-in-oil dispersion also encompasses dispersions of the duplex type wherein the dispersed,aqueous phase contains a dispersed fat phase. Fat-continuous spreads containing a dispersed aqueous phase are characterized by a very low conductivity.
2 0 2 5 5 3 9 4 L 7204 (R) In this specification, unless otherwise indicated, the term 'fat' refers to edible fatty substances in a general sense, including natural or synthesized fats and oils consisting essentially of triglycerides such as, for example, soybean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, coconut oil, fish oil, lard and tallow, which may have been partially or completely hydrogenated, fractionated, interesterified or modified otherwise, as well as non-toxic fatty materials having properties similar totriglycerides, which materials may be indigestible, such as for example waxes, e.g. jojoba oil and hydrogenated jojoba oil, and polyol fatty acid polyesters. Throughout this application the terms fat and oil are deemed synonymous and used interchangeably.
The water droplet size of the dispersed aqueous phase is of influence on the flavour release, stability and appearance of the present spread. Products of a very good quality can be obtained if the water droplets have a number weighted mean diameter of 3-30 microns, more preferably of 4-15 microns. Whenever referred to in this document, the number weighted mean diameter is determined by means of NMR [see J. Colloid and Interface Science (1972) 10, 206 and (1983) 93, 521] using a log-normal distribution as is commonly employed for particle size analysis.
f With regard to the product quality, in particular the oral response, the gelatin content employed in the present spread appears to be critical. According to a very preferred embodiment of the present invention the spread comprises 2.0 to 4.5 wt.% gelatin. Furthermore the present spread preferably contains 2.0 to 5.0 wt.%
of starch.
2~2~53~
L 7204 (R) The aqueous phase, in addition to gelatin and starch, may suitably include other ingredients such as thickening agents, gelling agents, salt and flavour ingredients. Suitable thickening agents are, for instance, gums like guar gum, locust bean gum and xanthan gum. Examples of gelling agents that may suitably be incorporated in the aqueous phase are carrageenan, calcium caseinate, pectin and alginate.
The aqueous phase of the spread according to the present invention preferably has been acidified to a pH
of less than 6.0, more preferably to a pH in the range of 4.8 to 5.5. A pH within this range guarantees an acceptable microbiological stability in combination with a good taste. The aqueous phase composition may have been prepared from normal tap water, but also from aqueous compositions of dairy origin such as for instance skim milk. In case skim milk is used in the preparation of the aqueous phase composition it can be advantageous from a microbiological point of view to use reconstituted skim milk.
The inclusion into the present spread of protein other than gelatin, in particular milk protein, is advantageous as it improves the taste of the spread and promotes in-mouth inversion. In-mouth inversion is accompanied by the release of flavour compounds dissolved~in the aqueous phase. Preferably the present spread contains from 0.1 to 5.0 wt.% of protein other than gelatin.
According to yet another preferred embodiment the fat phase of the present spread has an Nlo value in the range of 10-25 an N20 in the range of 5-15 and an N35 of less than 3. Spreads according to the invention comprising such a fat phase are found to be relatively quick melting in the mouth and are easily spreadable 2 & ~ 9 6 L 7204 (R) even when taken directly from the refrigerator. The N-value at a certain temperature may be determined by means of NMR, using the method described in "Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel", 80 (1978), 180-186.
The fat phase of the present spread may comprise several ingredients such as colouring agents, flavourings, vitamins and emulsifiers. Examples of emulsifiers which may suitably be incorporated in the 10 fat phase of the present product are: monoglycerides, diglycerides and phosphatides.
The spread according to the present invention may suitably be prepared by means of processing equipment well known in the art of spread manufacture. Examples of apparatus that can be used in the manufacture of the present spread are scraped surface heat exchangers (Votators TM), crystallizers (C-units), resting tubes, cavity transfer mixers, static mixers, resting tubes, pressure valves and static heat exchangers such as cooling coils.
The present spread may be prepared by a process including the inversion of a water-continuous emulsion to a fat-continuous dispersion as well as by a process in which a fat-continuous emulsion is formed upon admixing the aqueous phase composition with the fat blend prior to passing the emulsion so formed through the production line.
The present invention is further illustrated by means of the following example:
Example 1 A spread of very low fat content (25 wt.%) was prepared of the following ingredients (in % by weight of total product):
2~5~3~
7 L 7204 (R) Fat phase wt.%
Fat blend containing 50% soybean oil, 11% coconut oil, 19% soybean oil hardened to 41C and 20% of 5 soybean oil hardened to 33C 24.3 Dimodan 0 TM (monoglyceride) 0.5 Lecithin 0.2 Beta carotene and flavour 10 Aqueous phase Remyline AC l~ (Rice starch) 3.0 ~ Gelatin 250 Bloom 3.5 15 Salt 1.5 Skim milk powder 1.0 Potassium sorbate 0.12 Citric acid to a pH of 5.8 Water to 100%
The spread was prepared by first separately preparing the aqueous phase composition and fat phase composition and then feeding the two compositions in separate streams (both having a temperature of about 50C) via a proportioning pump to the production line. In the proportioning pump the fat blend and aqueous phase composition were combined in a weight ratio of 25:75.
From the proportioning pump the emulsion was fed, at a throughput of 3.2 tons/hr, through three scraped surface heat exchangers (Schroeder TM) followed by a C-unit and yet two other scraped surface heat exchangers, after which the product was filled into tubs.
The five scraped surface heat exchangers had a diameter of 178 mm. The exit temperature of the emulsion from the third heat exchanger was 10C. After the C-unit the emulsion had reached a temperature of 20C. The filling temperature was 14C. The C-unit was operated at 925 rpm, the scraped surface heat exchangers at 350 rpm.
2~5'j3~
8 L 7204 (R) The pH of the product was found to be 5.8. The spread was evaluated by a professional test panel who found the product to have a smooth appearance which was very similar to spreads of substantially higher fat content.
Furthermore the product was found to break down easily in the mouth. The spread did not exhibit syneresis upon spreading and was easy spreadable even when taken directly form a refrigerator.
The incorporation of an additional C-unit (100 rpm) after the last heat exchanger was found to produce a spread of good quality.
Example 2 A spread containing 20 wt.% of a continuous fat phase and 80 wt.% of a dispersed gelled aqueous phase was prepared from a water-continuous emulsion obtained by admixing an oil phase and aqueous phase of the following 20 composition:
Oil phase (in wt.% on emulsion) Fat blend containing 50% soybean oil, 11% coconut oil, 19% soybean oil 25 hardened to 41C and 20% of soybean oil hardened to 33C 19.7 Hymono 4404TM (monoglycerides) 0.3 Flavouring material 0.009 Beta-carotene (30% conc.) 0.002 Aqueous phase (in wt.% on emulsion) Geltec TM Gelatin (bloom 270) 4.7 Ultra Tex 2 TM (cross-linked modified starch) 4.0 Sodium caseinate 2.0 Sodium Chloride 1.4 Water to 100%
- pH adjusted to 5.2 using lactic acid 2~2~
9 L 7204 (R) The water-continuous emulsion obtained after admixture of the above two phases at 50C was pasteurized at 80C
and subsequently (at a temperature of 45C) fed to two scraped surface heat exchangers (A-units) and two crystallizers (C-units) provided with cooling jackets, after which the product was filled into tubs (at a throughput of 25-45 g/min). Inversion of the water-continuous emulsion to a fat-continuous dispersion was obtained in the second C-unit.
The processing conditions in the units are recited below.
Exit Rotation Temp. (C) Speed (rpm) First A-unit 9-12 155 Second A-unit 3-7 1400 First C-unit 7-12 1400 Second C-unit 20-21 900 A stable fat-continuous product (conductivity 100 microSiemens/cm) was obtained which displayed very good spreadability and good oral melt.
Example 3 Example 2 was repeated using the same formulation with the exception that the gelatin level was increased to 5.6 wt.% and the starch level was dropped to 2.5 wt.%.
Furthermore the exit temperature from the second A-unit was kept/in the range of 8-11C. The product so obtained was found to have a much thicker oral melt than the very low fat spread described in Example 2.
Example 4 Example 2 was repeated using the same formulation but with no sodium caseinate being added. A stable fat-continuous product was obtained which showed good spreadability. The oral melt of the product was inferior to that of the very low fat spread of Example 2.
202~539 L 7204 (R) Example 5 Example 2 was repeated with the exception that the aqueous phase contained 4.0 wt.% gelatin and 3.0 wt.%
cross-linked starch. A product displaying good spreadabilty and oral melt was so obtained.
Claims (10)
1. Spread comprising from 15-30 wt.% of a continuous fat phase and 85-70 wt.% of an aqueous phase and further containing 1.2 to 6.0 wt.% gelatin and 1.0 to 6.0 wt.%
of a starch selected from the group consisting of native intact starch, cross-linked starch, chemically modified starch and mixtures thereof.
of a starch selected from the group consisting of native intact starch, cross-linked starch, chemically modified starch and mixtures thereof.
2. Spread according to claim 1, wherein the spread comprises 17-28 wt.% of a continuous fat phase and 83-72 wt.% of an aqueous phase.
3. Spread according to claim 1, wherein the spread contains at least 1.5 wt.% gelatin.
4. Spread according to claim 1, wherein the spread contains at least 1.5 wt.% starch.
5. Spread according to claim 1, wherein the fat phase comprises less than 7% saturated fatty acid residues by weight of the product.
6. Spread according to claim 1, wherein the spread contains from 0.1 to 5.0 wt.% protein other than gelatin.
7. Spread according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous phase is composed of dispersed water droplets.
8. Spread according to claim 7, wherein the water droplets have a number weighted mean diameter of 3-30 microns.
9. Spread according to claim 1, wherein the spread comprises 2.0 to 4.5 wt.% gelatin.
10. Spread according to claim 1, wherein the fat phase has an N10 value in the range of 10-25, an N20 in the range of 5-15 and an N35 of less than 3.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8921997.6 | 1989-09-29 | ||
GB898921997A GB8921997D0 (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Spread |
EP89202681 | 1989-10-24 | ||
EP89202681.6 | 1989-10-24 | ||
EP90200386.2 | 1990-02-19 | ||
EP90200386 | 1990-02-19 | ||
EP90201123A EP0398411B2 (en) | 1989-05-16 | 1990-05-04 | Water-in-oil dispersion and process for preparing such dispersion |
EP90201123.8 | 1990-05-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2025539A1 CA2025539A1 (en) | 1991-03-30 |
CA2025539C true CA2025539C (en) | 1996-04-23 |
Family
ID=27441770
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2025539 Expired - Lifetime CA2025539C (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1990-09-17 | Spread |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | ATE96614T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2025539C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69004396T2 (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-09-11 AT AT90202416T patent/ATE96614T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-11 DE DE1990604396 patent/DE69004396T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-17 CA CA 2025539 patent/CA2025539C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2025539A1 (en) | 1991-03-30 |
DE69004396D1 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
ATE96614T1 (en) | 1993-11-15 |
DE69004396T2 (en) | 1994-03-10 |
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EEER | Examination request | ||
MKEX | Expiry |