CA2019899C - Inking unit - Google Patents
Inking unitInfo
- Publication number
- CA2019899C CA2019899C CA002019899A CA2019899A CA2019899C CA 2019899 C CA2019899 C CA 2019899C CA 002019899 A CA002019899 A CA 002019899A CA 2019899 A CA2019899 A CA 2019899A CA 2019899 C CA2019899 C CA 2019899C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- fountain
- ink
- ductor
- application
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F31/00—Inking arrangements or devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N7/00—Shells for rollers of printing machines
- B41N7/06—Shells for rollers of printing machines for inking rollers
Landscapes
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A cut down, column-free inking unit suitable for use in rotary presses, comprising an ink fountain possessing a plate , a doctor blade, a steel fountain cylinder and a steel ductor cylinder that can be adjusted relative to the latter, an application cylinder, a distributing cylinder and a transfer cylinder engaging with application cylinder, a smoothing cylinder, a helical cylinder serving the return of ink to the ink fountain, said helical cylinder comprising worm grooves running from the inside to the outside of such cylinder, as well as end disks that mesh with outside rings of fountain cylinder. The design of fountain, ductor and application cylinders with respect to circumference and circumferential speed is such that the speed relationship existing between all three cylinders is 1:0.2:2.5.
Description
-The object of the present invention is a cut-down version of an inking system without columnar adjustment capability suitable for use in rotary presses used preferably to apply W
inks.
Conventional inking systems are unable to apply ink in uniform thicknesses of between 1 and 2 m~ without the aid of mechanically complex cylinder assemblies and ancillary mechanisms.
The object of the present invention is thus the design of a single column inking unit, which, when used in conjunction with a rotary press, both prevents ink patterning and permits application of ink films of precise thickness to the printstock, without, even during longer press runs, requiring either gap-adjusting screws or the number of cylinders that are usually required to transfer an ink film of uniform thickness to the impression cylinder.
In a broad aspect, the present invention relates to a cut down inking unit without columns, comprising an ink fountain (1), a steel fountain cylinder (2), a steel ductor cylinder (3) that can be adjusted relative to said fountain cylinder, an application cylinder (5), a distributing cylinder (6), a transfer cylinder (7) that engages with fountain cylinder (2), a smoothing cylinder (8) and an ink-return device, whereby ductor cylinder (3), whose circumference is less than the circumference of fountain cylinder (2), runs at a circumferential speed that is from three to ten times less than the circumferential speed of fountain cylinder (2), wherein there is provided near ductor cylinder (3) for the purpose of returning ink to the fountain is a helical cylinder (9), which, comprising oppositely-running worm grooves running from the inside to the outside as well as outer discs, engages both with the outer rings of fountain cylinder (2) and with squeegees located in the vicinity of the ink fountain, and the arrangement of ductor cylinder (3) in relation to application cylinder (5), whose circumference is considerably greater than the circumference of ductor cylinder (3), comprises that the lS gap existing between said application cylinder and said ductor cylinder be virtually non-existent, and wherein the circumferential speed of application cylinder (5) is two to five times the circumferential speed of fountain cylinder (2).
The advantages afforded by the present invention centre around a concept that permits the machine operator to calculate backwards from the ink film thickness required in order to arrive at the correct setting for a single control parameter, namely the setting of the width of the distribution gap existing between the fountain cylinder and the ductor cylinder.
inks.
Conventional inking systems are unable to apply ink in uniform thicknesses of between 1 and 2 m~ without the aid of mechanically complex cylinder assemblies and ancillary mechanisms.
The object of the present invention is thus the design of a single column inking unit, which, when used in conjunction with a rotary press, both prevents ink patterning and permits application of ink films of precise thickness to the printstock, without, even during longer press runs, requiring either gap-adjusting screws or the number of cylinders that are usually required to transfer an ink film of uniform thickness to the impression cylinder.
In a broad aspect, the present invention relates to a cut down inking unit without columns, comprising an ink fountain (1), a steel fountain cylinder (2), a steel ductor cylinder (3) that can be adjusted relative to said fountain cylinder, an application cylinder (5), a distributing cylinder (6), a transfer cylinder (7) that engages with fountain cylinder (2), a smoothing cylinder (8) and an ink-return device, whereby ductor cylinder (3), whose circumference is less than the circumference of fountain cylinder (2), runs at a circumferential speed that is from three to ten times less than the circumferential speed of fountain cylinder (2), wherein there is provided near ductor cylinder (3) for the purpose of returning ink to the fountain is a helical cylinder (9), which, comprising oppositely-running worm grooves running from the inside to the outside as well as outer discs, engages both with the outer rings of fountain cylinder (2) and with squeegees located in the vicinity of the ink fountain, and the arrangement of ductor cylinder (3) in relation to application cylinder (5), whose circumference is considerably greater than the circumference of ductor cylinder (3), comprises that the lS gap existing between said application cylinder and said ductor cylinder be virtually non-existent, and wherein the circumferential speed of application cylinder (5) is two to five times the circumferential speed of fountain cylinder (2).
The advantages afforded by the present invention centre around a concept that permits the machine operator to calculate backwards from the ink film thickness required in order to arrive at the correct setting for a single control parameter, namely the setting of the width of the distribution gap existing between the fountain cylinder and the ductor cylinder.
B' ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ~
All of the other parameters, such as cylinder rotation speed, etc., remain unchanged throughout the printing process.
Another advantage offered by the present invention is a reduction in the number of bending points in the continuous ink film, which in turn reduces the likelihood of flexural forces acting at such points. Equally advantageous is the reduction in the number of cylinders susceptible to thermal expansion resulting from the heating of the flexing ink film. The proposed arrangement moreover provides for more uniform ink viscosity and improved system reliability.
The present invention will next be described by mens of an embodiment example in the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the inking unit of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic illustrating the relationship between Vl, V2, and V3 in Figure 1.
The proposed inking unit comprises an ink fountain 1, fountain cylinder 2, a ductor cylinder 3 serving to transfer a primary ink stream, the axis of ductor cylinder 3 being displaceable for the purpose of changing the size of duct gap 4 relative to fountain cylinder 2. Also provided are an application cylinder 5, a distributing cylinder 6 serving the transfer of a 2(a) B~
201~99 "~~
secondary ink stream, a transfer cylinder 7 and a smoothing cylinder 8. Further provided is an ink re-circulating device, comprising, in the present embodiment, a helically-grooved cylinder 9 that acts to return to ink fountain 1 any excess ink accumulating from the backflow over application cylinder 5.
The proposed inking unit operates conventionally by means of cylinders, which rotate relative to each other in the same and in opposite directions and at different speeds.
Ductor cylinder 3 runs in the same direction as the fountain cylinder, but against the rotating direction of application cylinder 5.
Fountain cylinder 2, which has preferably a diameter greater than that of the ductor cylinder, rotates through the ink fountain preferably at low speed in order to prevent ridging of the ink on the outer cylindrical surface. The possibility of ink ridging is further reduced by a downwardly-sloping ink fountain 1 that is provided with a plate 10 on which a doctor blade 11 is arranged.
Ductor cylinder 3 rotates preferably at a considerably slower speed than the fountain cylinder, in order to prevent to the greatest extent possible the occurrence of frictional heat on oppositely-rotating application cylinder 5. The latter, whose diameter is considerably greater than that of ductor cylinder ~,--3, also rotates considerably faster than ductor cylinder 3.
This speed differential permits significant stretching of the primary ink film transferred from the ductor cylinder to the application cylinder.
Transfer cylinder 7 serves to transfer a secondary ink stream from the fountain cylinder to distribution cylinder 6, which in turn transfers ink to application cylinder 5.
Experience has shown that the optimum mixing propartions of the two ink streams range between 85% to 15~ and 95% to 5%.
Before the speeds of the various cylinders can be set, it is first necessary to be able to maintain duct gap 4 at a uniform size. If steel is employed in the construction of the fountain and ductor cylinders, the improved roundness coupled with a lower thermal expansion coefficient permits the maintenance of uniform gap sizes up to 15 m~.
It can, however, be advantageous to set the width of the duct gap at a multiple of the original width, since fluctuations in the width of such large gaps arising from imperfect cylinder shape or thermal expansion of the cylinders is barely able to affect the flow of ink.
' ~ 2 ~
The character of the flow of ink to the cylinders can be modified by the circumferential speed of fountain cylinder 2 in conjunction with a doctor blade 11, which can be adjusted to handle maximum ink flow. By manipulating speed differentials existing between fountain cylinder 2 and ductor cylinder 3, the apportioning of the ink flows can be precisely regulated and permit the greater portion of the ink to flow from ductor cylinder 3 onto oppositely-turning application cylinder 5. Application cylinder 5, whose turning speed is greater than that of oppositely-running ductor cylinder 3, and which is set beside the latter with practically no intervening gap, takes up from the ductor cylinder the film of ink, which stretches by virtue of the increase in speed.
The practically homogenous ink film produced by this process is completely homogenized with the secondary ink stream proceeding both from distributing cylinder 6, which simultaneously smoothes out the ink film, and from following smoothing cylinder 8. The resulting ink film is transferred by means of application cylinder 5 to a not-illustrated impression cylinder.
Tests have indicated that production of an effectively homogenous ink film is best served if fountain cylinder 2, ductor cylinder 3 and application cylinder 5 maintain the following speed relationship: S1=l:S2=0.1-0.2:S3-2.0-2.5.
8 ~ ~
As Fig. 2 demonstrates, if the width of the duct gap is set at 100 m~, a layer of ink approx. 2.03 m~ thick will be applied to the print stock. Reverse calculations demonstrate that slight changes in the depth of the ink coat applied to the print stock can be accomplished by effecting relatively large adjustments to the width of the dispensing gap. In other words, relatively gross adjustments made to the width of the dispensing gap can result in rather fine changes in the depth of ink applied to the surface of the print stock.
Backflow of ink not transferred from application cylinder 5 to the impression cylinder is dramatically reduced by the disposition of ductor cylinder 3 in relation to application cylinder 5, whereby the virtual absence of an inter-cylinder gap enables the oppositely-running ductor cylinder to scrape any residual ink from application cylinders. In the present embodiment, the scraped-off ink is, with the aid of helical cylinder 9, which both runs oppositely to ductor cylinder 3 and is provided with two helices or worm grooves running from the inside to outside, picked up by an ink ridge built up preceding the narrow gap separating application cylinder 5 from ductor cylinder 3. The residual ink is then transferred to the outside, where it is picked up by two outside rings of fountain cylinder 2, the diameter of such rings exceeding that of fountain cylinder 2, and then returned to the fountain with the 2 ~
aid of a set of squeegees. The proposed arrangement permits the creation of a homogenous ink film without the disruptive accumulation of residual ink.
All of the other parameters, such as cylinder rotation speed, etc., remain unchanged throughout the printing process.
Another advantage offered by the present invention is a reduction in the number of bending points in the continuous ink film, which in turn reduces the likelihood of flexural forces acting at such points. Equally advantageous is the reduction in the number of cylinders susceptible to thermal expansion resulting from the heating of the flexing ink film. The proposed arrangement moreover provides for more uniform ink viscosity and improved system reliability.
The present invention will next be described by mens of an embodiment example in the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the inking unit of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic illustrating the relationship between Vl, V2, and V3 in Figure 1.
The proposed inking unit comprises an ink fountain 1, fountain cylinder 2, a ductor cylinder 3 serving to transfer a primary ink stream, the axis of ductor cylinder 3 being displaceable for the purpose of changing the size of duct gap 4 relative to fountain cylinder 2. Also provided are an application cylinder 5, a distributing cylinder 6 serving the transfer of a 2(a) B~
201~99 "~~
secondary ink stream, a transfer cylinder 7 and a smoothing cylinder 8. Further provided is an ink re-circulating device, comprising, in the present embodiment, a helically-grooved cylinder 9 that acts to return to ink fountain 1 any excess ink accumulating from the backflow over application cylinder 5.
The proposed inking unit operates conventionally by means of cylinders, which rotate relative to each other in the same and in opposite directions and at different speeds.
Ductor cylinder 3 runs in the same direction as the fountain cylinder, but against the rotating direction of application cylinder 5.
Fountain cylinder 2, which has preferably a diameter greater than that of the ductor cylinder, rotates through the ink fountain preferably at low speed in order to prevent ridging of the ink on the outer cylindrical surface. The possibility of ink ridging is further reduced by a downwardly-sloping ink fountain 1 that is provided with a plate 10 on which a doctor blade 11 is arranged.
Ductor cylinder 3 rotates preferably at a considerably slower speed than the fountain cylinder, in order to prevent to the greatest extent possible the occurrence of frictional heat on oppositely-rotating application cylinder 5. The latter, whose diameter is considerably greater than that of ductor cylinder ~,--3, also rotates considerably faster than ductor cylinder 3.
This speed differential permits significant stretching of the primary ink film transferred from the ductor cylinder to the application cylinder.
Transfer cylinder 7 serves to transfer a secondary ink stream from the fountain cylinder to distribution cylinder 6, which in turn transfers ink to application cylinder 5.
Experience has shown that the optimum mixing propartions of the two ink streams range between 85% to 15~ and 95% to 5%.
Before the speeds of the various cylinders can be set, it is first necessary to be able to maintain duct gap 4 at a uniform size. If steel is employed in the construction of the fountain and ductor cylinders, the improved roundness coupled with a lower thermal expansion coefficient permits the maintenance of uniform gap sizes up to 15 m~.
It can, however, be advantageous to set the width of the duct gap at a multiple of the original width, since fluctuations in the width of such large gaps arising from imperfect cylinder shape or thermal expansion of the cylinders is barely able to affect the flow of ink.
' ~ 2 ~
The character of the flow of ink to the cylinders can be modified by the circumferential speed of fountain cylinder 2 in conjunction with a doctor blade 11, which can be adjusted to handle maximum ink flow. By manipulating speed differentials existing between fountain cylinder 2 and ductor cylinder 3, the apportioning of the ink flows can be precisely regulated and permit the greater portion of the ink to flow from ductor cylinder 3 onto oppositely-turning application cylinder 5. Application cylinder 5, whose turning speed is greater than that of oppositely-running ductor cylinder 3, and which is set beside the latter with practically no intervening gap, takes up from the ductor cylinder the film of ink, which stretches by virtue of the increase in speed.
The practically homogenous ink film produced by this process is completely homogenized with the secondary ink stream proceeding both from distributing cylinder 6, which simultaneously smoothes out the ink film, and from following smoothing cylinder 8. The resulting ink film is transferred by means of application cylinder 5 to a not-illustrated impression cylinder.
Tests have indicated that production of an effectively homogenous ink film is best served if fountain cylinder 2, ductor cylinder 3 and application cylinder 5 maintain the following speed relationship: S1=l:S2=0.1-0.2:S3-2.0-2.5.
8 ~ ~
As Fig. 2 demonstrates, if the width of the duct gap is set at 100 m~, a layer of ink approx. 2.03 m~ thick will be applied to the print stock. Reverse calculations demonstrate that slight changes in the depth of the ink coat applied to the print stock can be accomplished by effecting relatively large adjustments to the width of the dispensing gap. In other words, relatively gross adjustments made to the width of the dispensing gap can result in rather fine changes in the depth of ink applied to the surface of the print stock.
Backflow of ink not transferred from application cylinder 5 to the impression cylinder is dramatically reduced by the disposition of ductor cylinder 3 in relation to application cylinder 5, whereby the virtual absence of an inter-cylinder gap enables the oppositely-running ductor cylinder to scrape any residual ink from application cylinders. In the present embodiment, the scraped-off ink is, with the aid of helical cylinder 9, which both runs oppositely to ductor cylinder 3 and is provided with two helices or worm grooves running from the inside to outside, picked up by an ink ridge built up preceding the narrow gap separating application cylinder 5 from ductor cylinder 3. The residual ink is then transferred to the outside, where it is picked up by two outside rings of fountain cylinder 2, the diameter of such rings exceeding that of fountain cylinder 2, and then returned to the fountain with the 2 ~
aid of a set of squeegees. The proposed arrangement permits the creation of a homogenous ink film without the disruptive accumulation of residual ink.
Claims (4)
1. A cut down inking unit without columns, comprising an ink fountain (1), a steel fountain cylinder (2), a steel ductor cylinder (3) that can be adjusted relative to said fountain cylinder, an application cylinder (5), a distributing cylinder (6), a transfer cylinder (7) that engages with fountain cylinder (2), a smoothing cylinder (8) and an ink-return device, whereby ductor cylinder (3), whose circumference is less than the circumference of fountain cylinder (2), runs at a circumferential speed that is from three to ten times less than the circumferential speed of fountain cylinder (2), wherein there is provided near ductor cylinder (3) for the purpose of returning ink to the fountain is a helical cylinder (9), which, comprising oppositely-running worm grooves running from the inside to the outside as well as outer discs, engages both with the outer rings of fountain cylinder (2) and with squeegees located in the vicinity of the ink fountain, and the arrangement of ductor cylinder (3) in relation to application cylinder (5), whose circumference is considerably greater than the circumference of ductor cylinder (3), comprises that the gap existing between said application cylinder and said ductor cylinder be virtually non-existent, and wherein the circumferential speed of application cylinder (5) is two to five times the circumferential speed of fountain cylinder (2).
2. Inking unit in accordance with Claim 1, wherein the ratio of circumferential speeds of fountain cylinder (2), ductor cylinder (3) and application cylinder (5) is 1:0.2:2.5.
3. Inking unit in accordance with Claim 1, whereby arranged on downwardly-sloping ink fountain (1) and opposite fountain cylinder (2) is a plate (10) on which is arranged a doctor blade (11).
4. Inking unit in accordance with Claim 1, whereby distributing cylinder (6) serves to transfer a secondary ink stream to application cylinder (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3923037A DE3923037A1 (en) | 1989-07-13 | 1989-07-13 | COLOR ZONE-FREE, SHORTENED INK |
| DEP3923037.6-27 | 1989-07-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2019899A1 CA2019899A1 (en) | 1991-01-13 |
| CA2019899C true CA2019899C (en) | 1999-03-30 |
Family
ID=6384875
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002019899A Expired - Fee Related CA2019899C (en) | 1989-07-13 | 1990-06-26 | Inking unit |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0407708A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0351132A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5683290A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2019899C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3923037A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI903517A7 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ234488A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA904266B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19731003B4 (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 2004-07-01 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Short inking |
| DE59800196D1 (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2000-08-17 | Druckmasch Forsch | Method and device for controlling the ink transport in an inking unit |
| DE10020510A1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2001-11-15 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Dosing system for inking rollers in a printing machine |
| US6926772B2 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2005-08-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Strand coating device and method |
| JP2010107538A (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2010-05-13 | Seiko Epson Corp | Developing device, image forming apparatus, and developing method |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE792367A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1973-03-30 | Vickers Ltd | |
| US4041864A (en) * | 1972-05-09 | 1977-08-16 | Dahlgren Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for inking printing plates |
| DE2438169C3 (en) * | 1974-08-08 | 1978-04-20 | Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg Ag, 8900 Augsburg | Rotary offset printing unit in which a transfer roller of the inking unit is provided with a profiled outer surface |
| DE2659557A1 (en) * | 1976-12-30 | 1978-07-06 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | ROTARY OFFSET PRINTER |
| US4208963A (en) * | 1978-04-18 | 1980-06-24 | Dahlgren Manufacturing Company | Newspaper printing system |
| DD140440A1 (en) * | 1978-10-28 | 1980-03-05 | Horst Schulz | COLOR WORK FOR PRINTING MACHINES |
| DE3008981A1 (en) * | 1980-03-08 | 1981-09-24 | M.A.N.- Roland Druckmaschinen AG, 6050 Offenbach | ADJUSTABLE LIFTER / FILM INKING UNIT |
| DD201423A1 (en) * | 1981-10-02 | 1983-07-20 | Peter Straube | COLOR WORK FOR PRINTING MACHINES |
| FR2590205A1 (en) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-22 | Seailles Tison Sa | DEVICE FOR INKING A ROTARY PRINTING FORM FROM A HIGH VISCOSITY INK COMPACT MASS |
| DE3804204A1 (en) * | 1988-02-11 | 1989-08-24 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | FILM INKS FOR ROTATIONAL PRINTING MACHINES |
-
1989
- 1989-07-13 DE DE3923037A patent/DE3923037A1/en active Granted
-
1990
- 1990-05-17 EP EP19900109317 patent/EP0407708A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-06-04 ZA ZA904266A patent/ZA904266B/en unknown
- 1990-06-06 AU AU56832/90A patent/AU5683290A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-26 CA CA002019899A patent/CA2019899C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-11 FI FI903517A patent/FI903517A7/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-12 JP JP2182885A patent/JPH0351132A/en active Pending
- 1990-07-13 NZ NZ234488A patent/NZ234488A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA904266B (en) | 1991-03-27 |
| EP0407708A3 (en) | 1991-07-17 |
| CA2019899A1 (en) | 1991-01-13 |
| AU5683290A (en) | 1991-01-17 |
| NZ234488A (en) | 1992-01-29 |
| FI903517A7 (en) | 1991-01-14 |
| EP0407708A2 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
| DE3923037A1 (en) | 1991-01-24 |
| DE3923037C2 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
| JPH0351132A (en) | 1991-03-05 |
| FI903517A0 (en) | 1990-07-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |