CA2019350A1 - Liquid dishwashing detergent composition - Google Patents
Liquid dishwashing detergent compositionInfo
- Publication number
- CA2019350A1 CA2019350A1 CA002019350A CA2019350A CA2019350A1 CA 2019350 A1 CA2019350 A1 CA 2019350A1 CA 002019350 A CA002019350 A CA 002019350A CA 2019350 A CA2019350 A CA 2019350A CA 2019350 A1 CA2019350 A1 CA 2019350A1
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- Prior art keywords
- detergent
- synthetic organic
- skin
- compound
- carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
A liquid dishwashing detergent composition for hand washing of dishes is described, which is mild to human hands and leaves the skin thereof noticeably smoother than conven-tional and control liquid dishwashing detergent compositions.
The invented dishwashing composition includes 5 to 40% of synthetic organic detergent of the anionic and/or nonionic types, which preferably is a mixture of such types, 0.1 to 10%
of a skin smoothening compound which is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester, an amide, an amine, a quaternary ammonium compound, or an alcohol, or any mixture thereof, each of which includes in its formula a hydrocarbyl chain of at least 25 carbon atoms, in an aqueous medium. Preferably, the detergent component is a mixture of sulfated and/or sulfonated anionic detergents, such as linear higher alkylbenzene sulfonate and higher fatty alcohol poly-lower alkoxy sulfate, or is a nonionic detergent or a mixture of a nonionic detergent, such as a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol and lower alkylene oxide, with a sulfated and/or sulfonated anionic detergent, the skin smoothening compound includes a normal alkane of 25 to 50 carbon atoms and the proportions of synthetic organic detergent, normal alkane skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges of 5 to 35%, 0.2 to 5% and 50 to 80%, respectively.
Also within the invention are a process for hand washing dishes with the invented composition, dissolved in water to form a mild dishwater, which leaves the hands feeling smoother and non-greasy, and a process for manufacturing the invented composition, which latter process is important to produce such compositions having the desired hand smoothening and non-greasy characteristics.
A liquid dishwashing detergent composition for hand washing of dishes is described, which is mild to human hands and leaves the skin thereof noticeably smoother than conven-tional and control liquid dishwashing detergent compositions.
The invented dishwashing composition includes 5 to 40% of synthetic organic detergent of the anionic and/or nonionic types, which preferably is a mixture of such types, 0.1 to 10%
of a skin smoothening compound which is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester, an amide, an amine, a quaternary ammonium compound, or an alcohol, or any mixture thereof, each of which includes in its formula a hydrocarbyl chain of at least 25 carbon atoms, in an aqueous medium. Preferably, the detergent component is a mixture of sulfated and/or sulfonated anionic detergents, such as linear higher alkylbenzene sulfonate and higher fatty alcohol poly-lower alkoxy sulfate, or is a nonionic detergent or a mixture of a nonionic detergent, such as a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol and lower alkylene oxide, with a sulfated and/or sulfonated anionic detergent, the skin smoothening compound includes a normal alkane of 25 to 50 carbon atoms and the proportions of synthetic organic detergent, normal alkane skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges of 5 to 35%, 0.2 to 5% and 50 to 80%, respectively.
Also within the invention are a process for hand washing dishes with the invented composition, dissolved in water to form a mild dishwater, which leaves the hands feeling smoother and non-greasy, and a process for manufacturing the invented composition, which latter process is important to produce such compositions having the desired hand smoothening and non-greasy characteristics.
Description
Express Mail No.: MB106539521 Attorne s Docket No.: I.R. 4748 201~3~ 0 LIQUID DISHWASHING DETERGENT COMPOSITION
This invention relates to liquid dishwashing detergent compositions. More particularly, it relates to such compositions which are suitable for hand washing of dishes, and which lea~e the skin of the hands non-greasy and noticeably smoother than it is after washing dishes with ordinary or conventional liquid dishwashing detergent composi-tions. Additionally, the invention also relates to processes for washing dishes with such detergent compositions and to processes for manufacturing such compositions.
Light duty liquid dishwashing detergent compositions have been and are presently being commercially marketed for use in diluted form in hand washing of dishes or in dishpan dishwashing. Highly alkaline granular dishwashing compositions are often employed for washing dishes in automatic dishwashing machines and recently liquid dishwashing compositions intended for use in automatic dishwashers have also been marketed.
Despite the increasing popularity of automatic dishwashers there is still a significant portion of the dishwashing detergent composition market that is held by compositions intended for hand dishwashing applications. Unlike automatic . .
dishwasher detergent compositions which are never in contact with human skin, ~hose intended for hand dishwashing applications 201~3~0 should be mild to the skin, and yet must still be effective cleaning agents. This can be difficult to accomplish because immersion of the hands in dishwater removes natural oils from the skin and tends to make it lose its suppleness, so that the hands often may feel dry and hard to the touch.
Merely adding emollients to the dishwashing composition has not been found to be a successful solution to this problem because their effects are usually insufficient. Now, however, applicants ha~e discovered that certain types of dishwashing detergent compositions, which are of s~tisfactory foaming capability, can effectively wash dishes and at the same tlme leave the hands feeling smooth and non-greasy, which represents a significant advance in the hand dishwashing detergent composition art.
In accordance with the present in~ention a liquid dishwashing detergent composition for hand washing of dishes, which is mild to human hands and leaves the skin thereof notice-ably smoother than a control dishwashing composition, comprises 5 to 40% of synthetic organic detergent selected from the group cons~sting o~ synthetic organic anionic detergents and synthetic organic nonionic detergents, and mixtures thereof, and 0.1 to 10% of a skin smoothening compound (SSC) which is a hydro-carbon, an organic acid, a~ ester, an amide, an amine, a quaternary ammonium compound, such as a salt, e.g., a chloride, or an al-cohol, each of which includes in its formula a hydrocarbyl chainof at least 25 carbon atoms, or any mixture thereof, in .
This invention relates to liquid dishwashing detergent compositions. More particularly, it relates to such compositions which are suitable for hand washing of dishes, and which lea~e the skin of the hands non-greasy and noticeably smoother than it is after washing dishes with ordinary or conventional liquid dishwashing detergent composi-tions. Additionally, the invention also relates to processes for washing dishes with such detergent compositions and to processes for manufacturing such compositions.
Light duty liquid dishwashing detergent compositions have been and are presently being commercially marketed for use in diluted form in hand washing of dishes or in dishpan dishwashing. Highly alkaline granular dishwashing compositions are often employed for washing dishes in automatic dishwashing machines and recently liquid dishwashing compositions intended for use in automatic dishwashers have also been marketed.
Despite the increasing popularity of automatic dishwashers there is still a significant portion of the dishwashing detergent composition market that is held by compositions intended for hand dishwashing applications. Unlike automatic . .
dishwasher detergent compositions which are never in contact with human skin, ~hose intended for hand dishwashing applications 201~3~0 should be mild to the skin, and yet must still be effective cleaning agents. This can be difficult to accomplish because immersion of the hands in dishwater removes natural oils from the skin and tends to make it lose its suppleness, so that the hands often may feel dry and hard to the touch.
Merely adding emollients to the dishwashing composition has not been found to be a successful solution to this problem because their effects are usually insufficient. Now, however, applicants ha~e discovered that certain types of dishwashing detergent compositions, which are of s~tisfactory foaming capability, can effectively wash dishes and at the same tlme leave the hands feeling smooth and non-greasy, which represents a significant advance in the hand dishwashing detergent composition art.
In accordance with the present in~ention a liquid dishwashing detergent composition for hand washing of dishes, which is mild to human hands and leaves the skin thereof notice-ably smoother than a control dishwashing composition, comprises 5 to 40% of synthetic organic detergent selected from the group cons~sting o~ synthetic organic anionic detergents and synthetic organic nonionic detergents, and mixtures thereof, and 0.1 to 10% of a skin smoothening compound (SSC) which is a hydro-carbon, an organic acid, a~ ester, an amide, an amine, a quaternary ammonium compound, such as a salt, e.g., a chloride, or an al-cohol, each of which includes in its formula a hydrocarbyl chainof at least 25 carbon atoms, or any mixture thereof, in .
2~1~3~0 an aqueous medium. The invention also includes processes for using the invented compositions and for manufacturing them.
A search of prior art patents in Class 252 r subclasses 108~ 114~ 115~ 157~ 162~ 169~ 173~ 550~ 551 and 558r and in Digests 1, 5 and 14 did not result in the finding of any references which teach the present invention. Among the patents noted in the search were the following:
1 r 703 ~ 602; 4 r 056 r 481; 4 r 247 r 424;
3r708~435; 4~192~761; 4~446~042;
A search of prior art patents in Class 252 r subclasses 108~ 114~ 115~ 157~ 162~ 169~ 173~ 550~ 551 and 558r and in Digests 1, 5 and 14 did not result in the finding of any references which teach the present invention. Among the patents noted in the search were the following:
1 r 703 ~ 602; 4 r 056 r 481; 4 r 247 r 424;
3r708~435; 4~192~761; 4~446~042;
3~798~182; 4~228~044; 4~673~525; and 4~035~514; 4~708~813~
Some of the mentioned patents refer to incorporating emollients in detergent compositions to make such compositions milder 15 to the human skin,with which it comes into contact during use. Among various adjuvants mentioned in the references are beeswax, paraffin wax, petrolatum, petroleum jelly and microcrystalline wax. Some of the patents describe the employment of petrolatum and beeswax as additives to deter-20 gent compositions for diminishing foaming characteristics ofsuch compositions, and one mentions the use of moisturizers, such as petrolatum and beeswax, in mild skin cleansing compositions.
Although the art indicates that materials which 25 contain compounds that include straight chain alkane groups of 25 carbon atoms or more have been suggested for inclusion in various products, including detergent compositions, nowhere is the importance of the C25 normal alkyl moiety mentioned.
20~3~
The! art does not disclose nor does it suggest applicants' invention of dishwashing detergent compositions containing such compounds, which compositions are satisfactorily foaming, non-greasy and especially mild to the hands. Furthermore, the art does not describe or suggest applicants'use of such compositions and their process for the manufacture thereof, which results in the composition produced being especially effective in smoothening the skin of one who uses it for hand washing of dishes.
The required synthetic organic detergent component of the present compositions is a synthetic organic anionic detergent or synthetic organic nonionic detergent or a mixture thereof (and of course, mixtures of anionic detergents and mixtures of nonionic detergents may also be employed~.
Optionally, amphoteric, ampholytic, zwitterionic and even cationic detergents and surface active agents (surfactants~
may be preRent in the invented compositions. Various suitable anionic and nonionic detergents that may be employed are li.sted in McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American Edition, 1984, which is incorporated by reference herein. Of those compounds the preferred anionic detergents are of the sulfated and/or sulfonated types, which may be designated as "sulf(on~ated". Such detergents are water soluble salts of a lipophile sulfuric or sulfonic acid. The lipophilic moiety of such acid will normally be of 8 to 30 carbon atoms and will desirably include an alkyl group, 201~ 0 preferably a chain, of 8 or 10 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 14 or 16 carbon atoms, e.g., about 12 carbon atoms. Among such anionic detergents there may be mentioned, as exemplary thereof, the higher alkyl sulfates, the linear higher alkylbenzene sulfonates, the paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, monoglyceride sulfates and higher fatty alcohol lower alkoxy sulfates. Such higher fatty alcohol or higher alkyl lower alkoxy sulfates are prefer-ably of 10 to 14 or 16 carbon atoms in the higher fatty alcohol or alkyl moiety thereof and of up to 20 moles of lower alkoxy per mole, such as 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 4 or 6, (with the lower alkoxy normally being ethoxy but sometimes also including up to 30% propoxy). ~ particularly preferred higher fatty alcohol poly-lower alkoxy sulfate is that wherein the higher fatty alcohol is lauryl alcohol, which is triethoxylated. The anionic detergents are normally employed as watex soluble salts of alkali metal, ammonia or alkanolamine, such as triethanolamine~ For the most prefer-red anionic detergents, which are desirably utilized together in applicants' invented anionic compositions, such salts will be sodium salts and the compounds will be sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium lauryl alcohol triethoxy sulfate.
When the invented detergent compositions are to be nonionic or primarily nonionic, the major detergent component '~01~0 will be a lower alkoxylated alcohol or phenol (the phenol may be substituted with an alkyl group, often a chain of 8 to 10 carbon atoms). The lower alkoxy is normally ethoxy but may also be at least partially propoxy (up to 3~% of the alkoxy). Preferably the nonionic detergent will be a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 8 to 15 carbon atoms with 5 to 12 moles of lower alkylene oxide, more preferably with the higher fatty alcohol being of 8 to 12 ca~bon atoms and condensed with 6 to 10 moles of lower alkylene oxide, and most preferably with the higher fa~ty alcohol being be of 2 to 11 carbon atoms and condensed with 7 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide, e.g., with 8 moles of ethylene oxide. Similarly, when the ethylene oxide is condensed with alkyl phenol, the moles of ethylene oxide employed will be in similar ranges, per mole of phenol, as per mole of alcohol.
Although dishwa~hing detergent compositions can be made which utilize only nonionic detergent as the surfactant it is often preferable to incorporate some anionic detergent in such compositions because nonionic detergents are generally low foaming and it is usually desirable to have the liquid dishwashing detergent composition capable of producing foam in the dishwater. While any of the anionic detergents previously mentioned in this specification may be employed in supplementation of the nonionic detergent, it has been found preferable to utilize one which is of a sulfated or sulfonated type and more preferably such is a fatty 20~3~ 0 alkyl sulfate of 8 to 18 or of 10 to 16 carbon atoms, such as ammonium lauryl sulfate.
The "skin smoothening compound" (SSC) of the present compositions, which is so designated for simplicity in view of the unexpectedly beneficial property found by applicants for such group of compollnds, is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester, an amide, an amine, a quaternary ammonium salt or an alcohol, or any mixture thereof, but it is required that such compound employed in the present compositions, to be effective as a non-greasy skin smoothening agent, must include in its formula a hydrocarbyl chain, preferably an alkyl chain, of at least 25 carbon atoms. Preferably, such chain is a normal alkyl or alkylene chain, and is of 25 to 50 carbon atoms in length. It is applicants' discovery that when such a chain is present and is of a length of at least 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 27 to 39 carbon atoms for the n-alkyl or n-alkane thereof, the dishwater, which is made by dilution of the invented composition with water, is capable of smoothening hands that are immersed in it during dishwashing, and accomplishes that without imparting objectionable greasiness to the hands, such as is often associated with uses of other lipophilic compound~. Despite the fact that the dishwater is very dilute with respect to the SSC, in these compositions and in these applications the SSC does deposit on the skin in sufficient quantities to have noticeable and desirable smoothening effects. Such results are surpri$ing in view ~f the fact that the function of the dishwashing detergent composition is to remove 2~1~3~ 0 lipophilic materials from surfaces, not to deposit them. Also, it would be expected that the lipophilic SSC would tend to dissolve in the lipophilic phase of any resulting emulsion of oily material from the dishes in the washwater. Contrarily but fortunately, such are not the cases, and although some of the SSC may remain in the wash water, at least a significant proportion thereof deposits on the skin of the hands and smoothens it without making the hands feel greasy. Among the various C25+ alkyl-containing compounds that are useful as SSC's in practicing the present invention are pentacosane, heptacosane, nonacosane, melene, cerotic acid, melissic acid, psyllic acid, C26_36 alcohols, myricyl palmitate, lacceryl palmitate, myricyl cerotate, myricyl hypogaetel ceryl-2-hydroxypalmitate, C31 n-alkane, C39 n-alkane, mono- and diamines of the mentioned hydrocarbons, alcohols of the mentioned hydrocarbons and amides of the mentioned acids. As will be seen, the various mentioned SSC's all include at least one normal alkyl or alkylene group of from 25 to 39 carbon atoms, which may be considered as a more preferred range. However, the mentioned compounds are listed as representative and not exclusive. Also, while saturated compounds are preferred, usually in part at least, for stability reasons, unsa~urated materials are also useful.
The various SSC's may be employed as pure compounds or in mixtures. They may be synthetic or may be obtained 2~1~3~0 from natural materials. Some have been synthesized and may be employed as the sole SSC in the present compositions or they may be mixed with other such synthesized compounds.
Alternatively, such compounds may be obtained from natural materials and products of chemical refineries, such as oil refineries. Such materials and products may be processed to produce higher concentrations of the more desirable SSC's or they may be employed directly. Among some sources of SSC's which are components of the compositions of the present invention are petrolatums, paraffin waxes, beeswax, various waxes from the group of candelilla, Japan, bayberry and montan, and other natural waxes which include the requisite amounts of C25 and C25+ normal alkyl or normal alkylene-containing compounds. Experimentation has shown that carnauba wax does not produce the desired results. However, micro-crystalline waxes, which include secondary branched chains and primary alicyclic chains, in addition to normal alkanes, have been found to be useful, which apparently indicates that minor branching in a alkyl chain does not seriously interfere with the skin softening function of the C25 and C~5+ alkyl- and alkylene-containing compounds.
The only other re~uired component of the present composition is an aqueous medium, in which the synthetic _ g _ 20~3~0 organic detergent is dissolved and in which the skin smoothening connpound is emulsified. Such emulsion, to be effective for the intended purpose, should be made by a certain procedure, which will be described subsequently. The aqueous medium may be water or an aqueous alcoholic medium that may also contain various normal adjuvants, such as are employed in liquid dishwashing detergent compositions. The water utilized is preferably deionized water but tap waters are also satisfactory.
The alcohol employed will normally be denatured alcohol, such as SD-40, and when it is present in the liquid dishwashing detergent composition it will usually constitute about 5 to 20% thereof (on the basis of the water and ethanol only~, which may be equivalent to about 3 to 15% o~ ethanol in the final composition. It has been found that it is normally more desirable to employ ethanol in the all-anionic detergent compositions and it has been found that it is sometimes preferable to omit it from the detergent compositions which are primarily based on nonionic detergent.
Among the adjuvants that may be utilized together with the three required components of the invented compositions, in addition to ethanol or other co-solvent, when present, there may be mentioned hydrotropes, detergency improving agents, other surfactants, foaming agents, thic~eners, opacifying agents, pearlescing agents, colorants, and perfumes. For example, lauric~myristic monoethanolamide may be employed as a foaming agent (and thickener~, sodium cumene sulfonate and 2~3~0 sodium xylene sulfonate may be utilized as hydrotropes, and magnesium sulfate may be present to improve detergency (at least for use in areas where the water contains little magnesium ion). Polymeric materials such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, may be employed as thickeners, together with various gums, including carrageenan. Supplemental surfactants, such as cocoamidopropyl betaine may also be employed. Of course, if other properties are desirable in the product the appropriate adjuvants may be included in the formula.
The various proportions of components in the present compositions are important for the obtaining of satisfactory results. Thus, the proportion of synthetic organic detergent will normally be in the range of 5 to 40%, preferably being 5 to 35% and more preferably 15 to 35%.
For all-anionic detergent compositions the most preferred range is 25 to 35% of anionic detergent and for compositions which are primarily based on nonionic detergent such more preferred and most preferred ranges are 5 to 30% and 10 to 25%. For the anionic compositions which contain sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium laur~l alcohol triethoxy sulfate or equivalent detergents the proportion of such sulfonate to such sulfa'te will usually be within the range of 1:1 to 3:2, and in a most preferred formula there will be present about 17% of sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate and about 13% of sodium lauryl alcohol triethoxy 20~93~0 sulfate. For the primarily nonionic detergent compositions the proportion of anionic detergent will preferably be with-in the range of 2 to 10% and that of the nonionic detergent will be within the range of 8 to 15~, with the proportion of anionic detergent to nonionic detergent being in the range of 2:1 to 8:1. For example, when the nonionic detergent is a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 9 to 11 carbon atoms with 7 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide and the synthetic organic anionic detergent is ammonium fatty alcohol sulfate of 10 to 16 carbon atoms the proportion of the nonionic detergent to the anionic detergent will preferably be within the range of 2:1 to 5:1, as it is in those composi-tions which contain about 16% of a condensation product of higher fatty alcohol of 9 to 11 carbon atoms with about 8 moles of ethylene oxide, and about 4% of ammonium lauryl sulfate.
The percentage of SSC will normally be within the range of 0.1 to 10% of the composition and preferably will be 0.2 to 5% thereof. More preferably, the normal alkane content of such compound will be 0.2 to 3% of the composition and most preferably it will be 0.5 to 2%. Within the group of SSC's mentioned a sub-group which includes the hydro-carbons, organic aci~s, alcohols and esters is preferred and within that sub-group it is preferred to employ the hydrocarbons. Such may be obtained from petrolatum, paraffin, 2~3~ ~
beeswax or various other natural materials, refinery products or products of syntheses, providing that such contain the required 25 carbon straight alkyl chain structure. The preferred SSC's, the normal alkanes of 25 to 50 carbon atoms, are readily avail-able from petrolatum and/or beeswax. Petrolatum includes about 60 or70% of such compounds and beeswax includes about 15~ thereof, together with other SSC's. In some formulas, including the preferred formulas of this invention, a preferred proportion of the SSC (preferably n-alkane) is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5%, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0%, e.g., about 0.8% or 0.9%. Such a 0.85% content of the hydrocarbon can be obtained by inclusion of about 1% of the specified type of petrolatum (desirably one which is of a normal distribution curve for carbon chain length, with a peak at: about 27 to 33 carbon atoms) and about 1% of beeswax in the formula, but such proportions may desirably vary from 0.1 to 2% of one such component and 0.1 to 2% of the other.
The proportion of aqueous medium will normally be in the range of 45 to 85%, preferably 50 to 80%, for both the anionic and nonionic based compositions. For the anionic compo-sitions a more preferred range is 50 to 70% and still more prefer-red is 50 to 65%, e.g., about 60% (excluding an~ ethanol present) and, for the nonionic detergent based compositions the aqueous medium, usually water, will normally be in the range of 60 to 80%, such as about 71%.
The adjuvant contents of the invented detergent composition, excluding ethanol or other solvent, will normally be in the range of 1 to 15% and usually will be in the range of 2 to 10%, such as about 7 or 8%.
Use of the invented composition in dishwashing is a simple matter. All that is required is to fill a sink or dishpan with water, preferably warm or hot water, pour in the desired amount of liquid dishwashing detergent composition, mix it in and add the dirty dishes (preferably after initially scraping and/or rinsing them). The dishes are then rubbed with a cloth, sponge or dishmop to remove remaining food from them, and are rinsed and dried. The amount of dishwashing composition added to the water may be whatever is desired by the user and is considered to be most effective under the circumstances. Usually such proportion will be in the range of 0.1 to 2% of the total dishwater and preferably will be in the range of 0.2 to 1.5~, for example, 0.5 to 1%, but lower proportions can also be effective, especially when only a few dishes are being washed and the soil thereof is relatively light. The temperature of the dishwater is desirably in the range of 30 to 55C., preferably 35 to 50C., and the time of immersion of the washer's hands in the dishwater will normally be from 1 or 2 to 5 or 10 minutes. After completion of the washing of the dishes the hands will be rinsed and dried and at that time, after drying, it will be noticed that they are appreciably smoother than after comparahle dishwashing operations utilizing control compositions that do not contain the SSC('s~
of the invention.
In the process for manufacturing the invented composi-tions it is important to follow a particular procedure to produce the best and most effective product. Such procedure involves melting the SSC and mixing it with a heated aqueous solution of the synthetic organic detergent, both of which are at about the same elevated temperature, at which the skin sm~ot~ng compound and the solution are both in liquid state, such as 75 to 85C., e.g., about 8QC. In mixing together these components in such manner there results a stable emulsion or microemulsion, which is especially stable in the presence of suitable hydrotrope(s), and which is more effective in smoothening the hands when it is dispersed in the dishwater than are control compositions made by merely mixing together or homogenizing the various components at room temperature, even when the skin smoothening compound is in very finely divided state. While it might be argued that it would be expected that a superior emulsion could be formed by following the invented method, it is surprising that after dispersion in the dishwater there would be an appreciable difference in skin smoothening between the compositions made by the invented process and those that were merely mixed together (or homogenized).
The elevated temperature at which the aqueous detergent solution and melted skin smoothening compound are mixed, in accordance with the invention, will normally be in the range of 70 to 100C., preferably 75 to 85C. and after making of the emulsion it will be stirred and cooled 2~133~
to room temperature. It has been found that other lipophilic components of the dishwashing composition may be melted together with the skin softening compound or with a mixture of such compounds, and other water soluble components and adjuvants may be dissolved with the detergent component(s) in the aqueous phase, and the desired results are still obtained. The described mixing may be effected by normal mixing equipment, including Lightni ~ mixers, homogenizers, static mixers, in-line mixers, and even conventional stirrers, and the desired emulsions will result. The remaining adjuyants, including any that are temperature sensitive, plus any solvents or other volatiles, such as the ethanol, are gradually added to the cooled emulsion, with stirring, with care being taken so as not to break the emulsion during such additions. Some ~djuvants, such as the perfume, may be dissolved in the solvent before such admixing. The products made are stable on storage at room temperature and at elevated temperature, and they satisfac-torily smoothen the hands during dishwashing, without making them feel greasy afterward.
The following examples illustrate but do not limit the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts are by weight and all temperatures are in C.
20193~0 Component Percent (by weight) Sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate 17.0 Sodium lauryl alcohol triethoxy sulfate 13.0 5 Lauric/myristic monoethanolamide 4.0 * Hydrotrope mixture 3.0 Magnesium sulfate (anhydrous) l.0 Beeswax (yellow) l.0 ** Petrolatum 1.0 lO Perfume 0 8 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 5.0 Deionized water 54.5 100.O
* Two parts of sodium cumene sulfonate and one part of sodium xylene sulfonate ** Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl chain at C27, obtainable from Petroleum Industries, Inc.
The liquid dishwashing detergent composition of this formula is made by fir~t dissol~ing the anionic deter-gents, hydrotropes and magnesium sulfate in the deionized water, melting the beeswax, petrolatum and lauric/myristic monoethanolamide together by heating to a temperature of about 80C., heating the aqueous solution to about 80C., and mixing the solution and melt together with ~igorous mixing 20~3~
(using a Lightnin mixer or equivalent) to form a stable emulsion.
The emulsion is then cooled to room temperature, which is about 25C., with stirring, and the perfume, colorant and ethyl alcohol are then admixed with the balance of the formula to produce the final product, which is a stable emulsion.
The liquid dishwashing detergent made is employed in normal manner to hand wash dishes, in both practical use tests and in control tests wherein red dyed beef fat is washed off test plates. In such tests the dishwater is of a mixed calcium and magne~ium hardness equivalent to about 150 p.p.m. of CaCO3, its temperature is 41C. and the concentration of the liquid dishwashing detergent in the dishwater is 1%.
The experimental or invented dishwashing detergent was tested against a popular commercial product and also against a control liquid dishwashing composition of the same formula except that the SSC's were omitted and 2% of deionized water was substituted. The invented composition ~as found to clean the dishes as well as the commercial product and the control, and produced shiny clean dishes, which were not objectionably coated with any greasy or waxy films. Moreover, it was found by the persons running the tests that their hands felt smoother after being Lmmersed in the dishwater during the washings.
To verify the skin smoothening properties of the invented dishwashing composition a panel of six evaluators ... . ..
201~350 tested the invented formula and the control for skin smooth-ening properties. In such test each panelist separately immersed his or her hands in 41C. dishwaters (before addi-tion of any dishes to them, to avoid any effects of fatty materials from the dishes) for sixty seconds, after which the hands were rinsed under running tap water for sixty seconds and were dried with towels. The observers examined their hands as they dried them, and evaluated the smoothnesses thereof.
All six observers found that their hands were smoother after being immersed in the dishwater made from the invented dish-washing composition than when they were immersed in dishwater of the same dilution (1%) made from the control composition.
When the above experiment is repeated, utilizing 0.5% and 1.5% of the dishwashing liquids (invented and control) in the wash water the same superiority in skin smoothening is observed in favor of the invented composition. In further tests, when a twenty-member panel evaluated the same composi-tions by soaking the hands for ten minutes in 0.1~ solutions thereof the invented liquid dishwashing compositions were found to be significantly more effective than the controls in softening the skin of the hands. Because smoothening effects on the skin are very important advantages for hand dishwashing compositions the present results are significant and the advance made in the art by this invention is note~orthy.
201~3~0 -Cornponent Percent (by weight) + Neodol~ 91-8 16.0 Ammonium lauryl sulfate 4.0 5 Cocoamidopropyl betaine 3.0 Lauric/myristic monoethanolamide 4.0 Beeswax (yellow) 1.0 ++ Petrolatum 1.0 Perfume 0.3 10 Colorant 0.2 Deionized water 70.5 100.O
+ Condensation product of one mole of fatty alcohol of 9-11 carbon atoms and eight moles of ethylene oxide ++ Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl chain at C27 The primarily nonionic dishwashing detergent composi-tion of this example is made in substantially the same manner and is tested in the same way as the composition of Example 1, with the only changes being those necessitated by the different materials being employed. Thus, an aqueous solution of the nonionic detergent and ammonium lauryl sulfate is made and a lipophilic melt is made of petrolatum, beeswax, lauric/myristic monoethanolamide and cocoamidopropyl betaine. The lipophiles are heated to 80C. and subsequently are mixed with the aqueous phase at 80C., followed by cooling and addition of the colorant 2 ~ 3 ~ 0 liquid dishwashing detergent composition and against a control from which the skin smoothening compounds were omitted (replaced by deionized water) are effected in the same manner as described in Example 1 and the same good comparative dishwashing action and improved skin smoothening effects result, as were described in Example 1. Thus, it is seen that the desirable effects of the presences of smoothening SSC's are obtainable with liquid dishwashing detergent compositions of both nonionic and anionic types.
In other comparative experiments, instead of the SSC's of the previous working examples, other lipophilic materials are employed, such as mineral oils and carnauba wax. Such are not effective for softening the hands of one washing dishes in a dishwater containing such dishwashing compositions. It appears that the reasons for this are that mineral oil contains a relatively large percentage of branched chain hydrocarbons and in carnauba wax the major components (esters) include a substan-tial proportion of aromatic compounds.
2~93~
Component Percent (by weight) Sodium Cl2_l4 alkyl ether ethylenoxy 16.0 (6 EtO) sulfate 5 Ammonium lauryl sulfate 6.0 Cocoamidopropyl dimethyl betaine 4.0 Lauric/myristic monoethanolamide 3.0 Sodium xylene sulfonate 1.8 Hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine 0.2 10 Beeswax (yellow) 0 5 ++ Petrolatum 0.5 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 4.0 Colorant (0.5% aqueous dye solution) Q.2 Perfume 0 5 15 Deionized water 63.3 100.O
++ Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl chain at C27 2~3~0 Component Percent (by weiqht) Sodium C12 14 alkyl ether ethylenoxy 12.0 (12 EtO) sulfate 5 Ammonium lauryl sulfate 6.0 Lauryl dimethylamine oxide 4.0 Lauric/myristic monoethanolamide 3.0 Sodium xylene sulfonate 1.8 Hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine 0.2 10 l-Tricontanol 1.0 Ethanol (95%) 4.0 Color (1% aqueous dye solution) 0.4 Perfume 5 Deionized water 67.1 ' 100.0 Component Percent (by weight) Sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate 17.0 Higher alkyl polyglucoside (APG-625~17.0 20 Lauric/myristic monoethanolamide 2.0 Sodium xylene sulfonate 3.0 Beeswax, yellow 1.0 ++ Petrolatum 1.O
Perfume Q 3 25 Colorant (1% aqueous dye solution~ 0.2 Deionized water 58.5 100.O
2 ~ ~ 3 3 ~ O
++ Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl chain at C27 When the liquid dishwashing detergent compositions of Examples 3-5 are made in the manner described in Example 1, with the mPlted lipophilic phase being admixed with the aqueous phase at elevated temperature (about 80C.) and then cooled to room temperature with stirring, followed by addition of any heat sensitive components, such as perfume and ethanol, the products resulting are excellent liquid, hand dishwashing detergents which foam satisfactorily, remove greasy soil from dishes without more than light sponging of the dish surfaces, rinse easily from the dishes and leave them shiny clean and with no objectionable cloudy film. Like the products of Examples 1 and 2 the dishwashing detergent compositions of Examples 3-5 also leave the hands of the dish washer feeling smooth, which is attributable to the presence of the SSC('s) therein. Similar results are obtain-able when the SSC's of these examples are replaced by long chain length paraffins, such as those averaging in the range of 25 to 39 carbon atoms in straight chain alkanes, by montan wax, candelilla wax, the purified components of beeswax, such as nonacosane, melissic acid, myricyl cerotate, and n-hentriacontanyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, nonacosyl amine and melissamide r which may be considered as derivatives of such purified components.
'20~ 5~
Although the embodiments of the present invention primarily described in this specification are liquid dish-washing detergent compositions, in which the surprisingly beneficial skin smoothening effect of the described long chain alkyl containing compounds is very beneficial, in a broader aspect the invention is of skin smoothening detergent compositions which contain such a long chain compound and a synthetic detergent or soap, and which smoothen the skin.
~xamples 6 and 7 illustrate other such compositions.
Component Percent (by weight) A B
Sodium laureth sulfate (2 EtO) 17.0 17.0 Coco fatty acids diethanolamide 6.0 6.0 C12_14 fatty alcohol 1.0 0.5 Propylene glycol 0.5 0.5 Sodium chloride 0.5 0.5 Citric acid 1.0 1~0 Preservative (Germaben II) 0.5 0.5 20 Beeswax, yellow - 1.0 ++ Petrolatum 1.0 1.0 Deionized water 73.4 71.9 100.O 100.O
++ Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl .chain at C27 ~0~3~
The above formula is of a gel type product which is intended for use in the bath or shower to clean both the skin and the hair. In tests similar to those described in Example 1 the experimental formula, 6B, was found by expert evaluators to be significantly better than the formula of Example 6A in smoothening skin and was also found to condition hair better. Such results were confirmed by actual use testing of the products.
10 Component Percent (by weight) A B
Sodium alpha C12_14 olefin sulfonate16.0 16.0 Coco fatty acids amidopropyl betaine0.8 0.8 Coco fatty acids diethanolamide 5.0 5.0 15 Styrene maleic anhydride copolymer 0.8 0.8 (opacifier) Glycerine 1.0 1.0 Preservative (Germaben II) 0.5 0.5 Sodium chloride 0.8 0.8 20 Citric acid 0.2 0.2 Perfume 0-4 0 4 ++ Petrolatum - 1.0 Beeswax - 1.0 Deionized water 74.5 72.5 100.0 100.0 ++ Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl chain at C27 201~3~0 The "liquid soaps" formulations (which are really synthetic organic detergent formulations) of this example are tested in the manner described for the products of Example 6 with essentially the same results. Both the laboratory testing and actual use tests of the formulas of this example prove that Formula 7B, containing the long chain alkyl containing compounds, as such are present in the petrolatum and beeswax, smoothen the hands and condition the hair better than the control compositions o~ Example 7A.
For the skin smoothening detergent compositions, the broadest proportions of components recited for the liquid dishwashing detergent compositions also apply, 5 to 40% of synthetic organic detergent which is anionic and/or nonionic detergent, and 0.1 to 10% of SSC, in an aqueous medium. For the shower-bath gel formulations and the liquid soap preparations such ranges will normally be 10 to 25%, 0.2 to 3% and 50 to 80%, respectively, more preferably being 10 to 20%, 0.5 to 2% and 65 to 80%, respectiYely.
When the inYented compositions of the preYious examples are modified by substituting for the petrolatum and beeswax components the same total proportion of microcrystalline wax (which is of a molecular weight of about 500~ the desired good cleaning effects and skin softening properties are also obtainable, especially if the microcrystalline wax is employed in combination with an equal or greater proportion of the petrolatum and/or beeswax, or active component(s) of such material(s). Similarly, paraffin and paraffin wax may be substituted for the combination of skin softening compounds 5 of the previous examples, providing that alkyl chain lengths thereof are in the required range (C25 and higher). In all such cases good cleaning and skin smoothening are obtained and the skin smoothemng actions are significantly better than for controls, from the formulas of which such skin smoothen-ing compounds are omitted. Similarly good washing and skinsmoothening actions are obtained when other such high molecular weight linear alkyl containing hydrocarbons, esters, "quats", fatty acids, amides, amines and alcohols are substituted for the skin smoothening compounds in the described formulas and in such modifications of such formulas in which other synthetic organic detergents, such as C12_14 olefin sulfonates, C14_16 paraffin sulfonates, coco monoglyceride sulfates and C8_10 alkyl phenol polyethoxylates, are employed. For illustrations, when pentacosane, heptacosane, nonacosane, cerotic acid, ~0 melissic acid, psyllic acid, myricyl palmitate, lacceryl palmitate, myricyl cerotate, C31 n-alkane, C39 n-alkane, C26 36 n-alcohols, C26 n-alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, n-hen-triacosyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, amides of the mentioned acids and alcohols and amines of the mentioned hydrocarbons are employed, either singly or in mixture, in replacement of the 2~33~
skin- smoothening compounds of the examples, improved skin smoothenings and good cleanings result.
Additionally, the proportions of the detergents, SSC's, adjuvants and aqueous medium may be varied ~10%, +20~
and i30%, while maintaining them within the ranges heretofore described in this specification, and effective dishwashing detergent compositions,which are significantly better in skin smoothening activity than control compositions which do not contain the skin softening compound(s), are obtained.
The invention has been described with respect to working examples, illustrations and embodiments thereof but is not to be limited to these because it is evident that one of skill in the art, with the present specification before him, will be able to utilize substitutes and equivalents without departing from the invention.
Some of the mentioned patents refer to incorporating emollients in detergent compositions to make such compositions milder 15 to the human skin,with which it comes into contact during use. Among various adjuvants mentioned in the references are beeswax, paraffin wax, petrolatum, petroleum jelly and microcrystalline wax. Some of the patents describe the employment of petrolatum and beeswax as additives to deter-20 gent compositions for diminishing foaming characteristics ofsuch compositions, and one mentions the use of moisturizers, such as petrolatum and beeswax, in mild skin cleansing compositions.
Although the art indicates that materials which 25 contain compounds that include straight chain alkane groups of 25 carbon atoms or more have been suggested for inclusion in various products, including detergent compositions, nowhere is the importance of the C25 normal alkyl moiety mentioned.
20~3~
The! art does not disclose nor does it suggest applicants' invention of dishwashing detergent compositions containing such compounds, which compositions are satisfactorily foaming, non-greasy and especially mild to the hands. Furthermore, the art does not describe or suggest applicants'use of such compositions and their process for the manufacture thereof, which results in the composition produced being especially effective in smoothening the skin of one who uses it for hand washing of dishes.
The required synthetic organic detergent component of the present compositions is a synthetic organic anionic detergent or synthetic organic nonionic detergent or a mixture thereof (and of course, mixtures of anionic detergents and mixtures of nonionic detergents may also be employed~.
Optionally, amphoteric, ampholytic, zwitterionic and even cationic detergents and surface active agents (surfactants~
may be preRent in the invented compositions. Various suitable anionic and nonionic detergents that may be employed are li.sted in McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American Edition, 1984, which is incorporated by reference herein. Of those compounds the preferred anionic detergents are of the sulfated and/or sulfonated types, which may be designated as "sulf(on~ated". Such detergents are water soluble salts of a lipophile sulfuric or sulfonic acid. The lipophilic moiety of such acid will normally be of 8 to 30 carbon atoms and will desirably include an alkyl group, 201~ 0 preferably a chain, of 8 or 10 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 14 or 16 carbon atoms, e.g., about 12 carbon atoms. Among such anionic detergents there may be mentioned, as exemplary thereof, the higher alkyl sulfates, the linear higher alkylbenzene sulfonates, the paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, monoglyceride sulfates and higher fatty alcohol lower alkoxy sulfates. Such higher fatty alcohol or higher alkyl lower alkoxy sulfates are prefer-ably of 10 to 14 or 16 carbon atoms in the higher fatty alcohol or alkyl moiety thereof and of up to 20 moles of lower alkoxy per mole, such as 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 4 or 6, (with the lower alkoxy normally being ethoxy but sometimes also including up to 30% propoxy). ~ particularly preferred higher fatty alcohol poly-lower alkoxy sulfate is that wherein the higher fatty alcohol is lauryl alcohol, which is triethoxylated. The anionic detergents are normally employed as watex soluble salts of alkali metal, ammonia or alkanolamine, such as triethanolamine~ For the most prefer-red anionic detergents, which are desirably utilized together in applicants' invented anionic compositions, such salts will be sodium salts and the compounds will be sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium lauryl alcohol triethoxy sulfate.
When the invented detergent compositions are to be nonionic or primarily nonionic, the major detergent component '~01~0 will be a lower alkoxylated alcohol or phenol (the phenol may be substituted with an alkyl group, often a chain of 8 to 10 carbon atoms). The lower alkoxy is normally ethoxy but may also be at least partially propoxy (up to 3~% of the alkoxy). Preferably the nonionic detergent will be a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 8 to 15 carbon atoms with 5 to 12 moles of lower alkylene oxide, more preferably with the higher fatty alcohol being of 8 to 12 ca~bon atoms and condensed with 6 to 10 moles of lower alkylene oxide, and most preferably with the higher fa~ty alcohol being be of 2 to 11 carbon atoms and condensed with 7 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide, e.g., with 8 moles of ethylene oxide. Similarly, when the ethylene oxide is condensed with alkyl phenol, the moles of ethylene oxide employed will be in similar ranges, per mole of phenol, as per mole of alcohol.
Although dishwa~hing detergent compositions can be made which utilize only nonionic detergent as the surfactant it is often preferable to incorporate some anionic detergent in such compositions because nonionic detergents are generally low foaming and it is usually desirable to have the liquid dishwashing detergent composition capable of producing foam in the dishwater. While any of the anionic detergents previously mentioned in this specification may be employed in supplementation of the nonionic detergent, it has been found preferable to utilize one which is of a sulfated or sulfonated type and more preferably such is a fatty 20~3~ 0 alkyl sulfate of 8 to 18 or of 10 to 16 carbon atoms, such as ammonium lauryl sulfate.
The "skin smoothening compound" (SSC) of the present compositions, which is so designated for simplicity in view of the unexpectedly beneficial property found by applicants for such group of compollnds, is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester, an amide, an amine, a quaternary ammonium salt or an alcohol, or any mixture thereof, but it is required that such compound employed in the present compositions, to be effective as a non-greasy skin smoothening agent, must include in its formula a hydrocarbyl chain, preferably an alkyl chain, of at least 25 carbon atoms. Preferably, such chain is a normal alkyl or alkylene chain, and is of 25 to 50 carbon atoms in length. It is applicants' discovery that when such a chain is present and is of a length of at least 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 27 to 39 carbon atoms for the n-alkyl or n-alkane thereof, the dishwater, which is made by dilution of the invented composition with water, is capable of smoothening hands that are immersed in it during dishwashing, and accomplishes that without imparting objectionable greasiness to the hands, such as is often associated with uses of other lipophilic compound~. Despite the fact that the dishwater is very dilute with respect to the SSC, in these compositions and in these applications the SSC does deposit on the skin in sufficient quantities to have noticeable and desirable smoothening effects. Such results are surpri$ing in view ~f the fact that the function of the dishwashing detergent composition is to remove 2~1~3~ 0 lipophilic materials from surfaces, not to deposit them. Also, it would be expected that the lipophilic SSC would tend to dissolve in the lipophilic phase of any resulting emulsion of oily material from the dishes in the washwater. Contrarily but fortunately, such are not the cases, and although some of the SSC may remain in the wash water, at least a significant proportion thereof deposits on the skin of the hands and smoothens it without making the hands feel greasy. Among the various C25+ alkyl-containing compounds that are useful as SSC's in practicing the present invention are pentacosane, heptacosane, nonacosane, melene, cerotic acid, melissic acid, psyllic acid, C26_36 alcohols, myricyl palmitate, lacceryl palmitate, myricyl cerotate, myricyl hypogaetel ceryl-2-hydroxypalmitate, C31 n-alkane, C39 n-alkane, mono- and diamines of the mentioned hydrocarbons, alcohols of the mentioned hydrocarbons and amides of the mentioned acids. As will be seen, the various mentioned SSC's all include at least one normal alkyl or alkylene group of from 25 to 39 carbon atoms, which may be considered as a more preferred range. However, the mentioned compounds are listed as representative and not exclusive. Also, while saturated compounds are preferred, usually in part at least, for stability reasons, unsa~urated materials are also useful.
The various SSC's may be employed as pure compounds or in mixtures. They may be synthetic or may be obtained 2~1~3~0 from natural materials. Some have been synthesized and may be employed as the sole SSC in the present compositions or they may be mixed with other such synthesized compounds.
Alternatively, such compounds may be obtained from natural materials and products of chemical refineries, such as oil refineries. Such materials and products may be processed to produce higher concentrations of the more desirable SSC's or they may be employed directly. Among some sources of SSC's which are components of the compositions of the present invention are petrolatums, paraffin waxes, beeswax, various waxes from the group of candelilla, Japan, bayberry and montan, and other natural waxes which include the requisite amounts of C25 and C25+ normal alkyl or normal alkylene-containing compounds. Experimentation has shown that carnauba wax does not produce the desired results. However, micro-crystalline waxes, which include secondary branched chains and primary alicyclic chains, in addition to normal alkanes, have been found to be useful, which apparently indicates that minor branching in a alkyl chain does not seriously interfere with the skin softening function of the C25 and C~5+ alkyl- and alkylene-containing compounds.
The only other re~uired component of the present composition is an aqueous medium, in which the synthetic _ g _ 20~3~0 organic detergent is dissolved and in which the skin smoothening connpound is emulsified. Such emulsion, to be effective for the intended purpose, should be made by a certain procedure, which will be described subsequently. The aqueous medium may be water or an aqueous alcoholic medium that may also contain various normal adjuvants, such as are employed in liquid dishwashing detergent compositions. The water utilized is preferably deionized water but tap waters are also satisfactory.
The alcohol employed will normally be denatured alcohol, such as SD-40, and when it is present in the liquid dishwashing detergent composition it will usually constitute about 5 to 20% thereof (on the basis of the water and ethanol only~, which may be equivalent to about 3 to 15% o~ ethanol in the final composition. It has been found that it is normally more desirable to employ ethanol in the all-anionic detergent compositions and it has been found that it is sometimes preferable to omit it from the detergent compositions which are primarily based on nonionic detergent.
Among the adjuvants that may be utilized together with the three required components of the invented compositions, in addition to ethanol or other co-solvent, when present, there may be mentioned hydrotropes, detergency improving agents, other surfactants, foaming agents, thic~eners, opacifying agents, pearlescing agents, colorants, and perfumes. For example, lauric~myristic monoethanolamide may be employed as a foaming agent (and thickener~, sodium cumene sulfonate and 2~3~0 sodium xylene sulfonate may be utilized as hydrotropes, and magnesium sulfate may be present to improve detergency (at least for use in areas where the water contains little magnesium ion). Polymeric materials such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, may be employed as thickeners, together with various gums, including carrageenan. Supplemental surfactants, such as cocoamidopropyl betaine may also be employed. Of course, if other properties are desirable in the product the appropriate adjuvants may be included in the formula.
The various proportions of components in the present compositions are important for the obtaining of satisfactory results. Thus, the proportion of synthetic organic detergent will normally be in the range of 5 to 40%, preferably being 5 to 35% and more preferably 15 to 35%.
For all-anionic detergent compositions the most preferred range is 25 to 35% of anionic detergent and for compositions which are primarily based on nonionic detergent such more preferred and most preferred ranges are 5 to 30% and 10 to 25%. For the anionic compositions which contain sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium laur~l alcohol triethoxy sulfate or equivalent detergents the proportion of such sulfonate to such sulfa'te will usually be within the range of 1:1 to 3:2, and in a most preferred formula there will be present about 17% of sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate and about 13% of sodium lauryl alcohol triethoxy 20~93~0 sulfate. For the primarily nonionic detergent compositions the proportion of anionic detergent will preferably be with-in the range of 2 to 10% and that of the nonionic detergent will be within the range of 8 to 15~, with the proportion of anionic detergent to nonionic detergent being in the range of 2:1 to 8:1. For example, when the nonionic detergent is a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 9 to 11 carbon atoms with 7 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide and the synthetic organic anionic detergent is ammonium fatty alcohol sulfate of 10 to 16 carbon atoms the proportion of the nonionic detergent to the anionic detergent will preferably be within the range of 2:1 to 5:1, as it is in those composi-tions which contain about 16% of a condensation product of higher fatty alcohol of 9 to 11 carbon atoms with about 8 moles of ethylene oxide, and about 4% of ammonium lauryl sulfate.
The percentage of SSC will normally be within the range of 0.1 to 10% of the composition and preferably will be 0.2 to 5% thereof. More preferably, the normal alkane content of such compound will be 0.2 to 3% of the composition and most preferably it will be 0.5 to 2%. Within the group of SSC's mentioned a sub-group which includes the hydro-carbons, organic aci~s, alcohols and esters is preferred and within that sub-group it is preferred to employ the hydrocarbons. Such may be obtained from petrolatum, paraffin, 2~3~ ~
beeswax or various other natural materials, refinery products or products of syntheses, providing that such contain the required 25 carbon straight alkyl chain structure. The preferred SSC's, the normal alkanes of 25 to 50 carbon atoms, are readily avail-able from petrolatum and/or beeswax. Petrolatum includes about 60 or70% of such compounds and beeswax includes about 15~ thereof, together with other SSC's. In some formulas, including the preferred formulas of this invention, a preferred proportion of the SSC (preferably n-alkane) is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5%, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0%, e.g., about 0.8% or 0.9%. Such a 0.85% content of the hydrocarbon can be obtained by inclusion of about 1% of the specified type of petrolatum (desirably one which is of a normal distribution curve for carbon chain length, with a peak at: about 27 to 33 carbon atoms) and about 1% of beeswax in the formula, but such proportions may desirably vary from 0.1 to 2% of one such component and 0.1 to 2% of the other.
The proportion of aqueous medium will normally be in the range of 45 to 85%, preferably 50 to 80%, for both the anionic and nonionic based compositions. For the anionic compo-sitions a more preferred range is 50 to 70% and still more prefer-red is 50 to 65%, e.g., about 60% (excluding an~ ethanol present) and, for the nonionic detergent based compositions the aqueous medium, usually water, will normally be in the range of 60 to 80%, such as about 71%.
The adjuvant contents of the invented detergent composition, excluding ethanol or other solvent, will normally be in the range of 1 to 15% and usually will be in the range of 2 to 10%, such as about 7 or 8%.
Use of the invented composition in dishwashing is a simple matter. All that is required is to fill a sink or dishpan with water, preferably warm or hot water, pour in the desired amount of liquid dishwashing detergent composition, mix it in and add the dirty dishes (preferably after initially scraping and/or rinsing them). The dishes are then rubbed with a cloth, sponge or dishmop to remove remaining food from them, and are rinsed and dried. The amount of dishwashing composition added to the water may be whatever is desired by the user and is considered to be most effective under the circumstances. Usually such proportion will be in the range of 0.1 to 2% of the total dishwater and preferably will be in the range of 0.2 to 1.5~, for example, 0.5 to 1%, but lower proportions can also be effective, especially when only a few dishes are being washed and the soil thereof is relatively light. The temperature of the dishwater is desirably in the range of 30 to 55C., preferably 35 to 50C., and the time of immersion of the washer's hands in the dishwater will normally be from 1 or 2 to 5 or 10 minutes. After completion of the washing of the dishes the hands will be rinsed and dried and at that time, after drying, it will be noticed that they are appreciably smoother than after comparahle dishwashing operations utilizing control compositions that do not contain the SSC('s~
of the invention.
In the process for manufacturing the invented composi-tions it is important to follow a particular procedure to produce the best and most effective product. Such procedure involves melting the SSC and mixing it with a heated aqueous solution of the synthetic organic detergent, both of which are at about the same elevated temperature, at which the skin sm~ot~ng compound and the solution are both in liquid state, such as 75 to 85C., e.g., about 8QC. In mixing together these components in such manner there results a stable emulsion or microemulsion, which is especially stable in the presence of suitable hydrotrope(s), and which is more effective in smoothening the hands when it is dispersed in the dishwater than are control compositions made by merely mixing together or homogenizing the various components at room temperature, even when the skin smoothening compound is in very finely divided state. While it might be argued that it would be expected that a superior emulsion could be formed by following the invented method, it is surprising that after dispersion in the dishwater there would be an appreciable difference in skin smoothening between the compositions made by the invented process and those that were merely mixed together (or homogenized).
The elevated temperature at which the aqueous detergent solution and melted skin smoothening compound are mixed, in accordance with the invention, will normally be in the range of 70 to 100C., preferably 75 to 85C. and after making of the emulsion it will be stirred and cooled 2~133~
to room temperature. It has been found that other lipophilic components of the dishwashing composition may be melted together with the skin softening compound or with a mixture of such compounds, and other water soluble components and adjuvants may be dissolved with the detergent component(s) in the aqueous phase, and the desired results are still obtained. The described mixing may be effected by normal mixing equipment, including Lightni ~ mixers, homogenizers, static mixers, in-line mixers, and even conventional stirrers, and the desired emulsions will result. The remaining adjuyants, including any that are temperature sensitive, plus any solvents or other volatiles, such as the ethanol, are gradually added to the cooled emulsion, with stirring, with care being taken so as not to break the emulsion during such additions. Some ~djuvants, such as the perfume, may be dissolved in the solvent before such admixing. The products made are stable on storage at room temperature and at elevated temperature, and they satisfac-torily smoothen the hands during dishwashing, without making them feel greasy afterward.
The following examples illustrate but do not limit the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts are by weight and all temperatures are in C.
20193~0 Component Percent (by weight) Sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate 17.0 Sodium lauryl alcohol triethoxy sulfate 13.0 5 Lauric/myristic monoethanolamide 4.0 * Hydrotrope mixture 3.0 Magnesium sulfate (anhydrous) l.0 Beeswax (yellow) l.0 ** Petrolatum 1.0 lO Perfume 0 8 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 5.0 Deionized water 54.5 100.O
* Two parts of sodium cumene sulfonate and one part of sodium xylene sulfonate ** Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl chain at C27, obtainable from Petroleum Industries, Inc.
The liquid dishwashing detergent composition of this formula is made by fir~t dissol~ing the anionic deter-gents, hydrotropes and magnesium sulfate in the deionized water, melting the beeswax, petrolatum and lauric/myristic monoethanolamide together by heating to a temperature of about 80C., heating the aqueous solution to about 80C., and mixing the solution and melt together with ~igorous mixing 20~3~
(using a Lightnin mixer or equivalent) to form a stable emulsion.
The emulsion is then cooled to room temperature, which is about 25C., with stirring, and the perfume, colorant and ethyl alcohol are then admixed with the balance of the formula to produce the final product, which is a stable emulsion.
The liquid dishwashing detergent made is employed in normal manner to hand wash dishes, in both practical use tests and in control tests wherein red dyed beef fat is washed off test plates. In such tests the dishwater is of a mixed calcium and magne~ium hardness equivalent to about 150 p.p.m. of CaCO3, its temperature is 41C. and the concentration of the liquid dishwashing detergent in the dishwater is 1%.
The experimental or invented dishwashing detergent was tested against a popular commercial product and also against a control liquid dishwashing composition of the same formula except that the SSC's were omitted and 2% of deionized water was substituted. The invented composition ~as found to clean the dishes as well as the commercial product and the control, and produced shiny clean dishes, which were not objectionably coated with any greasy or waxy films. Moreover, it was found by the persons running the tests that their hands felt smoother after being Lmmersed in the dishwater during the washings.
To verify the skin smoothening properties of the invented dishwashing composition a panel of six evaluators ... . ..
201~350 tested the invented formula and the control for skin smooth-ening properties. In such test each panelist separately immersed his or her hands in 41C. dishwaters (before addi-tion of any dishes to them, to avoid any effects of fatty materials from the dishes) for sixty seconds, after which the hands were rinsed under running tap water for sixty seconds and were dried with towels. The observers examined their hands as they dried them, and evaluated the smoothnesses thereof.
All six observers found that their hands were smoother after being immersed in the dishwater made from the invented dish-washing composition than when they were immersed in dishwater of the same dilution (1%) made from the control composition.
When the above experiment is repeated, utilizing 0.5% and 1.5% of the dishwashing liquids (invented and control) in the wash water the same superiority in skin smoothening is observed in favor of the invented composition. In further tests, when a twenty-member panel evaluated the same composi-tions by soaking the hands for ten minutes in 0.1~ solutions thereof the invented liquid dishwashing compositions were found to be significantly more effective than the controls in softening the skin of the hands. Because smoothening effects on the skin are very important advantages for hand dishwashing compositions the present results are significant and the advance made in the art by this invention is note~orthy.
201~3~0 -Cornponent Percent (by weight) + Neodol~ 91-8 16.0 Ammonium lauryl sulfate 4.0 5 Cocoamidopropyl betaine 3.0 Lauric/myristic monoethanolamide 4.0 Beeswax (yellow) 1.0 ++ Petrolatum 1.0 Perfume 0.3 10 Colorant 0.2 Deionized water 70.5 100.O
+ Condensation product of one mole of fatty alcohol of 9-11 carbon atoms and eight moles of ethylene oxide ++ Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl chain at C27 The primarily nonionic dishwashing detergent composi-tion of this example is made in substantially the same manner and is tested in the same way as the composition of Example 1, with the only changes being those necessitated by the different materials being employed. Thus, an aqueous solution of the nonionic detergent and ammonium lauryl sulfate is made and a lipophilic melt is made of petrolatum, beeswax, lauric/myristic monoethanolamide and cocoamidopropyl betaine. The lipophiles are heated to 80C. and subsequently are mixed with the aqueous phase at 80C., followed by cooling and addition of the colorant 2 ~ 3 ~ 0 liquid dishwashing detergent composition and against a control from which the skin smoothening compounds were omitted (replaced by deionized water) are effected in the same manner as described in Example 1 and the same good comparative dishwashing action and improved skin smoothening effects result, as were described in Example 1. Thus, it is seen that the desirable effects of the presences of smoothening SSC's are obtainable with liquid dishwashing detergent compositions of both nonionic and anionic types.
In other comparative experiments, instead of the SSC's of the previous working examples, other lipophilic materials are employed, such as mineral oils and carnauba wax. Such are not effective for softening the hands of one washing dishes in a dishwater containing such dishwashing compositions. It appears that the reasons for this are that mineral oil contains a relatively large percentage of branched chain hydrocarbons and in carnauba wax the major components (esters) include a substan-tial proportion of aromatic compounds.
2~93~
Component Percent (by weight) Sodium Cl2_l4 alkyl ether ethylenoxy 16.0 (6 EtO) sulfate 5 Ammonium lauryl sulfate 6.0 Cocoamidopropyl dimethyl betaine 4.0 Lauric/myristic monoethanolamide 3.0 Sodium xylene sulfonate 1.8 Hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine 0.2 10 Beeswax (yellow) 0 5 ++ Petrolatum 0.5 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 4.0 Colorant (0.5% aqueous dye solution) Q.2 Perfume 0 5 15 Deionized water 63.3 100.O
++ Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl chain at C27 2~3~0 Component Percent (by weiqht) Sodium C12 14 alkyl ether ethylenoxy 12.0 (12 EtO) sulfate 5 Ammonium lauryl sulfate 6.0 Lauryl dimethylamine oxide 4.0 Lauric/myristic monoethanolamide 3.0 Sodium xylene sulfonate 1.8 Hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine 0.2 10 l-Tricontanol 1.0 Ethanol (95%) 4.0 Color (1% aqueous dye solution) 0.4 Perfume 5 Deionized water 67.1 ' 100.0 Component Percent (by weight) Sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate 17.0 Higher alkyl polyglucoside (APG-625~17.0 20 Lauric/myristic monoethanolamide 2.0 Sodium xylene sulfonate 3.0 Beeswax, yellow 1.0 ++ Petrolatum 1.O
Perfume Q 3 25 Colorant (1% aqueous dye solution~ 0.2 Deionized water 58.5 100.O
2 ~ ~ 3 3 ~ O
++ Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl chain at C27 When the liquid dishwashing detergent compositions of Examples 3-5 are made in the manner described in Example 1, with the mPlted lipophilic phase being admixed with the aqueous phase at elevated temperature (about 80C.) and then cooled to room temperature with stirring, followed by addition of any heat sensitive components, such as perfume and ethanol, the products resulting are excellent liquid, hand dishwashing detergents which foam satisfactorily, remove greasy soil from dishes without more than light sponging of the dish surfaces, rinse easily from the dishes and leave them shiny clean and with no objectionable cloudy film. Like the products of Examples 1 and 2 the dishwashing detergent compositions of Examples 3-5 also leave the hands of the dish washer feeling smooth, which is attributable to the presence of the SSC('s) therein. Similar results are obtain-able when the SSC's of these examples are replaced by long chain length paraffins, such as those averaging in the range of 25 to 39 carbon atoms in straight chain alkanes, by montan wax, candelilla wax, the purified components of beeswax, such as nonacosane, melissic acid, myricyl cerotate, and n-hentriacontanyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, nonacosyl amine and melissamide r which may be considered as derivatives of such purified components.
'20~ 5~
Although the embodiments of the present invention primarily described in this specification are liquid dish-washing detergent compositions, in which the surprisingly beneficial skin smoothening effect of the described long chain alkyl containing compounds is very beneficial, in a broader aspect the invention is of skin smoothening detergent compositions which contain such a long chain compound and a synthetic detergent or soap, and which smoothen the skin.
~xamples 6 and 7 illustrate other such compositions.
Component Percent (by weight) A B
Sodium laureth sulfate (2 EtO) 17.0 17.0 Coco fatty acids diethanolamide 6.0 6.0 C12_14 fatty alcohol 1.0 0.5 Propylene glycol 0.5 0.5 Sodium chloride 0.5 0.5 Citric acid 1.0 1~0 Preservative (Germaben II) 0.5 0.5 20 Beeswax, yellow - 1.0 ++ Petrolatum 1.0 1.0 Deionized water 73.4 71.9 100.O 100.O
++ Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl .chain at C27 ~0~3~
The above formula is of a gel type product which is intended for use in the bath or shower to clean both the skin and the hair. In tests similar to those described in Example 1 the experimental formula, 6B, was found by expert evaluators to be significantly better than the formula of Example 6A in smoothening skin and was also found to condition hair better. Such results were confirmed by actual use testing of the products.
10 Component Percent (by weight) A B
Sodium alpha C12_14 olefin sulfonate16.0 16.0 Coco fatty acids amidopropyl betaine0.8 0.8 Coco fatty acids diethanolamide 5.0 5.0 15 Styrene maleic anhydride copolymer 0.8 0.8 (opacifier) Glycerine 1.0 1.0 Preservative (Germaben II) 0.5 0.5 Sodium chloride 0.8 0.8 20 Citric acid 0.2 0.2 Perfume 0-4 0 4 ++ Petrolatum - 1.0 Beeswax - 1.0 Deionized water 74.5 72.5 100.0 100.0 ++ Higher molecular weight, with peak distribution for alkyl chain at C27 201~3~0 The "liquid soaps" formulations (which are really synthetic organic detergent formulations) of this example are tested in the manner described for the products of Example 6 with essentially the same results. Both the laboratory testing and actual use tests of the formulas of this example prove that Formula 7B, containing the long chain alkyl containing compounds, as such are present in the petrolatum and beeswax, smoothen the hands and condition the hair better than the control compositions o~ Example 7A.
For the skin smoothening detergent compositions, the broadest proportions of components recited for the liquid dishwashing detergent compositions also apply, 5 to 40% of synthetic organic detergent which is anionic and/or nonionic detergent, and 0.1 to 10% of SSC, in an aqueous medium. For the shower-bath gel formulations and the liquid soap preparations such ranges will normally be 10 to 25%, 0.2 to 3% and 50 to 80%, respectively, more preferably being 10 to 20%, 0.5 to 2% and 65 to 80%, respectiYely.
When the inYented compositions of the preYious examples are modified by substituting for the petrolatum and beeswax components the same total proportion of microcrystalline wax (which is of a molecular weight of about 500~ the desired good cleaning effects and skin softening properties are also obtainable, especially if the microcrystalline wax is employed in combination with an equal or greater proportion of the petrolatum and/or beeswax, or active component(s) of such material(s). Similarly, paraffin and paraffin wax may be substituted for the combination of skin softening compounds 5 of the previous examples, providing that alkyl chain lengths thereof are in the required range (C25 and higher). In all such cases good cleaning and skin smoothening are obtained and the skin smoothemng actions are significantly better than for controls, from the formulas of which such skin smoothen-ing compounds are omitted. Similarly good washing and skinsmoothening actions are obtained when other such high molecular weight linear alkyl containing hydrocarbons, esters, "quats", fatty acids, amides, amines and alcohols are substituted for the skin smoothening compounds in the described formulas and in such modifications of such formulas in which other synthetic organic detergents, such as C12_14 olefin sulfonates, C14_16 paraffin sulfonates, coco monoglyceride sulfates and C8_10 alkyl phenol polyethoxylates, are employed. For illustrations, when pentacosane, heptacosane, nonacosane, cerotic acid, ~0 melissic acid, psyllic acid, myricyl palmitate, lacceryl palmitate, myricyl cerotate, C31 n-alkane, C39 n-alkane, C26 36 n-alcohols, C26 n-alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, n-hen-triacosyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, amides of the mentioned acids and alcohols and amines of the mentioned hydrocarbons are employed, either singly or in mixture, in replacement of the 2~33~
skin- smoothening compounds of the examples, improved skin smoothenings and good cleanings result.
Additionally, the proportions of the detergents, SSC's, adjuvants and aqueous medium may be varied ~10%, +20~
and i30%, while maintaining them within the ranges heretofore described in this specification, and effective dishwashing detergent compositions,which are significantly better in skin smoothening activity than control compositions which do not contain the skin softening compound(s), are obtained.
The invention has been described with respect to working examples, illustrations and embodiments thereof but is not to be limited to these because it is evident that one of skill in the art, with the present specification before him, will be able to utilize substitutes and equivalents without departing from the invention.
Claims (19)
1. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition for hand washing of dishes, which is mild to human hands and leaves the skin thereof noticeably smoother than a control dishwashing composition, which comprises 5 to 40% of synthetic organic detergent selected from the group consisting of synthetic organic anionic detergents and synthetic organic nonionic detergents, and mixtures thereof, and 0.1 to 10% of a skin smoothening compound which is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester, an amide, an amine, a quaternary ammonium compound or an alcohol, or any mixture thereof, each of which includes in its formula a hydrocarbyl chain of at least 25 carbon atoms, in an aqueous medium.
2. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the synthetic organic anionic detergent is a sulfated or sulfonated detergent and the synthetic organic nonionic detergent is a lower alkoxylated alcohol or phenol, the skin smoothening compound is a hydro-carbon, an organic acid, an ester or an alcohol, or any mix-ture thereof, each of which contains in its formula an average of 25 to 50 carbon atoms in a linear alkyl chain, and the proportions of synthetic organic detergent, skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges of 5 to 35%, 0.2 to 5% and 50 to 80%, respectively.
3. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 2 wherein the synthetic organic detergent is a synthetic organic anionic detergent or a mixture thereof, the skin smoothening compound includes a normal alkane of 25 to 50 carbon atoms, and the proportions of synthetic organic anionic detergent, normal alkane skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges of 15 to 35%, 0.2 to 3% and 50 to 70%, respectively.
4. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 3 wherein the synthetic organic anionic detergent is a mixture of linear higher alkylbenzene sulfonate, of 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl thereof, and higher fatty alcohol poly-lower alkoxy sulfate of 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the higher fatty alcohol moiety thereof and of 2 to 20 moles of lower alkoxy per mole, the normal alkane skin smoothening compound is in petrolatum and/or beeswax, and the proportions of synthetic organic anionic detergent, normal alkane skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges of 25 to 35%, 0.5 to 2% and 50 to 65%, respectively.
5. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 4 wherein the synthetic organic anionic detergent mixture is of sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium lauryl alcohol triethoxy sulfate, with the propor-tions thereof being in the range of 1:1 to 3:2 of the sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate to sodium lauryl alcohol triethoxy sulfate.
6. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 5 which comprises about 17% of sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate, about 13% of sodium lauryl alcohol triethoxy sulfate, about 4% of lauric/myristic monoethanolamide, about 2% of sodium cumene sulfonate, about 1% of sodium xylene sulfonate, about 1% of magnesium sulfate, about 1% of petrolatum and about 1% of beeswax, in an aqueous alcoholic medium, which medium contains a minor proportion, in the range of 5 to 20% thereof, of ethanol.
7. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 2 wherein a major proportion of the synthetic organic detergent is a synthetic organic nonionic detergent or a mixture thereof, the skin smoothening compound includes a normal alkane of 25 to 50 carbon atoms, and the proportions of synthetic organic detergent, normal alkane skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges of 5 to 30%, 0.2 to 3% and 60 to 80%, respectively.
8. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 7 wherein a synthetic organic anionic deter-gent is present, which is of the sulfated or sulfonated type, the synthetic organic nonionic detergent is a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 8 to 15 carbon atoms with 5 to 12 moles of lower alkylene oxide, the normal alkane skin smoothening compound is in petrolatum and/or beeswax, and the proportions of synthetic organic anionic detergent, synthetic organic nonionic detergent, normal alkane skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges of 2 to 10%, 8 to 15%, 0.5 to 2% and 60 to 80%, respectively.
9. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 8 wherein the synthetic organic nonionic detergent is a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 8 to 12 carbon atoms with 6 to 10 moles of lower alkylene oxide, the synthetic organic anionic detergent is a higher fatty alkyl sulfate of 8 to 18 carbon atoms,and the proportions of the nonionic detergent to the anionic detergent are in the range of 2:1 to 8:1.
10. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 8 wherein the nonionic detergent is a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 9 to 11 carbon atoms with 7 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide, the synthetic organic anionic detergent is an ammonium alkyl sulfate of 10 to 16 carbon atoms, and the proportion of the nonionic deter-gent to the anionic detergent is in the range of 3:1 to 5:1.
11. A liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 9 which comprises about 16% of a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 9 to 11 carbon atoms with about 8 moles of ethylene oxide, about 4% of ammonium lauryl sulfate, about 3% of cocoamidopropyl betaine, about 4% of lauric/myristic monoethanolamide, about 1% of petrolatum and about 1% of beeswax, in about 71% of an aqueous medium.
12. A process for washing dishes which comprises washing such dishes by hand in an aqueous wash water medium containing in the range of 0.1 to 2% of a liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 1, while immersing the hands in the dishwater, rinsing the hands and drying them, whereby the hands do not feel greasy and are noticeab-ly smoother than after a control process in which dishes are washed in a comparable manner in a control liquid dishwashing detergent composition that does not contain the skin softening compound.
13. A process according to claim 12 wherein the liquid dishwashing detergent composition employed is one wherein the synthetic organic anionic detergent is a sulfated or sulfonated detergent and the synthetic organic nonionic detergent is a lower alkoxylated alcohol or phenol, the skin smoothening compound is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester, or an alcohol, or any mixture thereof, each of which contains in its formula an average of 25 to 50 carbon atoms in a linear alkyl chain, the proportions of synthetic organic detergent, skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium in the liquid dishwashing detergent composition are in the ranges of 5 to 35%, 0.2 to 5% and 50 to 80%, respectively, and the concentration of the dishwashing detergent composition in the dishwater is in the range of 0.2 to 1.5%.
14. A process for manufacturing a liquid dishwashing detergent composition according to claim 1 which comprises making an aqueous solution of the synthetic organic detergent in the aqueous medium, melting the skin smoothening compound at an elevated temperature, and mixing together the melted skin smoothening compound and the aqueous solution of synthetic organic detergent at about the same elevated temperature.
15. A process according to claim 14 wherein the synthetic organic anionic detergent is a sulfated or sulfonated detergent and the synthetic organic nonionic detergent is a lower alkoxylated alcohol or phenol, the skin smoothening compound is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester or an alcohol, or any mixture thereof, each of which contains in its formula an average of 25 to 50 carbon atoms in a linear alkyl chain, the proportions of synthetic organic detergent, skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium in the liquid dishwash-ing detergent composition are in the ranges of 5 to 35%, 0.2 to 5% and 50 to 80%, respectively, and the melted skin smoothen-ing compound and the solution of synthetic organic detergent are mixed together at a temperature in the range of 70 to 100°C. after which the resulting liquid dishwashing detergent composition is cooled to room temperature, with stirring during such cooling.
16. A process according to claim 15 wherein the skin smoothening compound is an n-alkane of 27 to 39 carbon atoms, the skin smoothening compound and the aqueous medium are both heated to about 80°C., at which temperature they are both liquid, the skin smoothening compound, in liquid state and at about 80°C. is admixed into the aqueous medium, also at about such temperature, forming an emulsion, which is then cooled, with stirring, to room temperature, after which any heat sensitive components of the liquid dishwashing detergent composition are admixed into the composition.
17. A detergent composition which is intended for coming into contact with human skin during use thereof, and which leaves such skin noticeably smoother than a control detergent composition, which comprises 5 to 40% of synthetic organic detergent selected from the group consisting of synthetic organic anionic detergents and synthetic organic nonionic detergents and mixtures thereof, and 0.1 to 10% of a skin smoothening compound which is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester, an amide, an amine, a quaternary ammonium compound or an alcohol or any mixture thereof, each of which includes in its formula a hydrocarbyl chain of at least 25 carbon atoms, in an aqueous medium.
18. A composition according to claim 17 of the shower/bath gel type, wherein the synthetic detergent is an anionic sulfated or sulfonated detergent, the skin smoothening compound is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester or an alcohol, or a mixture thereof, each of which contains in its formula 25 to 50 carbon atoms in a linear alkyl chain, and the proportions of synthetic organic detergent, skin smoothen-ing compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges of 10 to 25%, 0.2 to 3% and 50 to 80%, respectively.
19. A composition according to claim 17 which is of the "liquid soap" type, wherein the synthetic detergent is an anionic sulfated or sulfonated detergent, the skin smoothening compound is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester or an alcohol, or a mixture thereof, each of which contains in its formula 25 to 50 carbon atoms in a linear alkyl chain, and the proportions of synthetic organic detergent, skin smoothen-ing compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges of 10 to 25%, 0.2 to 3% and 50 to 80%, respectively.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36938989A | 1989-06-21 | 1989-06-21 | |
| US369,389 | 1989-06-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2019350A1 true CA2019350A1 (en) | 1990-12-21 |
Family
ID=23455284
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002019350A Abandoned CA2019350A1 (en) | 1989-06-21 | 1990-06-20 | Liquid dishwashing detergent composition |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0343500A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR910001013A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU628590B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2019350A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI903126A0 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR1000886B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO902748L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ234188A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT94422A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA904841B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5298195A (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1994-03-29 | Amway Corporation | Liquid dishwashing detergent |
| US9109189B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2015-08-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent composition |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5372167A (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-12-13 | Shibuya Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Filling machine |
| CA2248993A1 (en) | 1996-03-14 | 1997-09-18 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Cleansing and moisturizing surfactant compositions |
| US7875582B2 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2011-01-25 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Nonbar personal product compositions comprising crystalline wax structured benefit agent premix or delivery vehicle |
| US7776347B2 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2010-08-17 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Personal product compositions comprising structured benefit agent premix or delivery vehicle and providing enhanced effect of hydrophobic material separate from the structured benefit agent |
| US8685171B2 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2014-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent composition |
| EP2431451A1 (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-03-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent composition with abrasive particles |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE464139B (en) * | 1983-05-11 | 1991-03-11 | Colgate Palmolive Co | CONCENTRATED TEXTILE SOFT COMPOSITION AND PROCEDURES FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF THE SAME |
| JPS6013706A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1985-01-24 | Kao Corp | Dispersion of pearl agent |
| GB2177108B (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1989-07-19 | Procter & Gamble | Shampoo compositions and method |
| US4919846A (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1990-04-24 | Shiseido Company Ltd. | Detergent composition containing a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant and a carboxylate anionic surfactant |
| JPS63159309A (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1988-07-02 | Lion Corp | Hair cosmetic |
-
1990
- 1990-06-18 AU AU57560/90A patent/AU628590B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-06-19 PT PT94422A patent/PT94422A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-06-20 NO NO90902748A patent/NO902748L/en unknown
- 1990-06-20 FI FI903126A patent/FI903126A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-20 CA CA002019350A patent/CA2019350A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-20 KR KR1019900009094A patent/KR910001013A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-06-21 GR GR900100470A patent/GR1000886B/en unknown
- 1990-06-21 ZA ZA904841A patent/ZA904841B/en unknown
- 1990-06-21 NZ NZ234188A patent/NZ234188A/en unknown
- 1990-06-21 JP JP2163988A patent/JPH0343500A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5298195A (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1994-03-29 | Amway Corporation | Liquid dishwashing detergent |
| US5443757A (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1995-08-22 | Amway Corporation | Liquid dishwashing detergent |
| US9109189B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2015-08-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5756090A (en) | 1991-01-03 |
| FI903126A0 (en) | 1990-06-20 |
| NZ234188A (en) | 1993-09-27 |
| KR910001013A (en) | 1991-01-30 |
| NO902748D0 (en) | 1990-06-20 |
| GR900100470A (en) | 1991-11-15 |
| JPH0343500A (en) | 1991-02-25 |
| NO902748L (en) | 1990-12-27 |
| ZA904841B (en) | 1992-02-26 |
| GR1000886B (en) | 1993-03-16 |
| AU628590B2 (en) | 1992-09-17 |
| PT94422A (en) | 1991-02-08 |
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