CA2017882A1 - Deposition apparatus - Google Patents
Deposition apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA2017882A1 CA2017882A1 CA002017882A CA2017882A CA2017882A1 CA 2017882 A1 CA2017882 A1 CA 2017882A1 CA 002017882 A CA002017882 A CA 002017882A CA 2017882 A CA2017882 A CA 2017882A CA 2017882 A1 CA2017882 A1 CA 2017882A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mandrel
- chamber
- slurry
- outlet
- deposition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/12—Electroforming by electrophoresis
- C25D1/14—Electroforming by electrophoresis of inorganic material
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
It has hitherto been difficult to achieve the even deposition of a cup-shaped body from slurry flowing around a mandrel. This specification discloses a deposition apparatus including control means providing a substantially uniform slurry flow rate over all surfaces of the mandrel to give uniform deposition.
It has hitherto been difficult to achieve the even deposition of a cup-shaped body from slurry flowing around a mandrel. This specification discloses a deposition apparatus including control means providing a substantially uniform slurry flow rate over all surfaces of the mandrel to give uniform deposition.
Description
Z~`~178~3~
DEPOSITION APPARAT~'S
FIE~2 OF TH~ INVENTION
This invention relates to deposition apparatus, and particularly to apparatus for use in the deposition of a cup-shaped body from a slurry.
~ESCRIPTION OF TEE-E~IOR ART
It is sometimes necessary to produce by depos tion, for example electrophoretic deposition, a cup-shaped body, that is a tubular boc Aaving a closed end, and a difficulty which ar:ses is :n = achieving a substant-ally uniform deposition in order to produce a body in which the tubular wall and the enà ~all are of substantially the same even thickness.
Such cup-shaped bodies are used as membranes in sodium-sulphur electrochemical cells, where a cup-shaped body of beta alumina material is used as a solid elect~olyte separating the liquid sodium and sulphur materials. such a cell is described n G~ 2178889.
For deposition a mandrel is placed in a slur~
-_ ^op.ising the material to be deposited suspended in a carrier liquid. If the necessary deposition is to ~~ke a realtively long time, for example more than 1 mlnute, then it is ~ecessary for the slurry to be -a ~ated, for example by the use of magnetic o s~__rers, in order to prevent the material to be deposited settling out of suspension. HowQver, such agitation can result in deposited material bsing -emoved fro~ the mandrel, and thus it is preferable ~o use 3n apparatus in which the slurry is pumped ~5 areund a closed circuit containing a deposit-on _namber in which the mandrel is located.
..-` .. ~ ,~
:
Z~17~2 STAT~EMT OF ~HE INV~XT5Q~
According to this invention there is provided apparatus for use in the deposition of a cup-shaped body from a slurry, comprising a cha~ber having a slurry inlet and a slurry outlet, and a mandrel mounted in the chamber, on the out y surface of which mandrel the cup-shaped body is deposited as slurry f~ows from the inlet to the outlet, including control means to provide a substantially uniform slurry flow rate over all surfaces of the mandrel on which deposition is to take place.
Preferably when the apparatus is used for electrophoretic deposition the control means also serves to provide a substantially uniform electric _ield over surfaces of the mandrel on which deposition is to take place.
The chamber can have a slurry inlet a~ a lower ~o end, a first slurry outlet at an upper end, .nd a secc~d slurry outlet at the lower end, the mandrel be_-~ mounted in the chamber to define a space ~elween the outer surface of the mandrel and the _....e- surface of the chamber, the first out'et ,_ sur~ounding the mand~el and the second outlet being ~elow a bottom face of the mandrel and having a mouth extending over substantially the whole area of the _ot.om face of the mandrel.
With such apparatus the flow of slur~ from the _o nle~ to the first outlet serves for deposition of ~he side wall of the cup-shaped body on the mandrel, while the flow of slurry from the inlet to the second outlet serves for deposition of the end wall of the cup-shaped body on the bottom face of the mandrel.
~_ 3uri~g such deposition the control member serves to ?rcvide a substantially uniform flow over the whole -`` zi~17~
of the bottom face of the mandrel whereby a substantially uniform thickness end wall for the cup-shaped body is deposited.
Preferably the apparatus includes a slurry flow S controlling member mounted at the lower end of the chamber and h~ving th- second outlet therein, the flow controllin~ memb-r having a conical downwardly facing outor ~urface facing a corr4~ponding surface of the ch~mber to provide an annular space constituting the slurry inlet to the chamber.
With such apparatus it is ensured that slurry entering the chamber does so in a manner giving satisfactory flow over the mandrel.
Preferably the chamber comprises a base member having the inlet and the second outlet therein, and a tubular wall member mounted on the base member.
The apparatus is particularly useful for carrying out electrophoretic deposition, in which case the chamber can constitute one electrode and the mandrel constitute the other electrode for the elec~_ophoretiC deposition process.
With such apparatus the control means also serves to provide a substantially uniform electric field over all surfaces of the mandrel on whlch deposition as to take place.
With such apparatus the chamber wall member can be formed of electr~cally isolated upper and lower portions whereby different thicknesses of deposition can be obtained on the mandrel opposite the upper and lower portions of the chamber wall by suitable control of the electric fields produced by the upper and lower portions. Thus, a cup-shaped body can be obta~ned having a thickened wall portion at its open end, such thickened wall portion being more easily ~5 worked as may be necessary for subsequent use of the cup-shaped member.
- ~
.
..
.. :
zil17~Z
The control member can be a mesh memker.
A plurality of apparatus according to th$s invention can be arranged with their outlets discharging into a co~mon receptacle wh-reby the slurry discharged from the apparatug can be easily collected ~or proces~ing for r ua-.
With such an arrangem nt used ~or electrophoretic deposition th~ chamber walls, or corresponding poa~t~on~ thereo~, o~ th~ apparatus can be electrically commoned, and th~ mandrel~ of the apparatus can be electrically commoned.
With such an arrangement the electrical supply to the apparatus is simplified.
lS ~
; This invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawing wh~ch is a partly sectioned side elevational view of an arrangement of apparatus according to this invention.
DE~ILED ~ESCRIPTIO~
The arrangement to be described comprises a ~lurality of apparatus arranged in l~ne, and each serving for the production of a cup-shaped body, and n particular a cup-shaped beta alumina body for use in a sodium-sulphur electrochemical cell, by eleclrophoretic deposition from a slurry.
Each apparatus comprises a chnmber 1 formed of a base member 2 and a cylindrical sidQ wall member 3, both of metal. The side wall mem~er 3 is formed of upper and lower portions 3A and 3L which are electrically isolated by an interposed annular ~5 insulating member 4. one end of the lower wall ~or-ion 33 ls received in an upstanding flange 5 on .
` 2~178t~2 the base member 2 with a sealing member 6 interposed, while the other end of the lower wall portion 3B is received in a downwardly directed flange 7 on the insulating m~ber 4, again with an interposed s~aling member 8. The upper wall portion 3A is secured to the insulating mQmber 4.
Projecting downwardly into th- chamb-r 1 through the open top thereof is a c~llndrical mQ~al mandr-l 9 having a bottom ~ace 10 d~rected towards the bottom of the chamber 1, there being an annular space ~1 between the mandrel 9 and the chamber wall 3.
The basQ member 2 of the chamber 1 is formed with a conical depression in which is .~unted a flow controlling member 12 which has a conical downwardly facing outer surface 13 facing a conical surface 14 of the base member 2 to provide a conical annular space lS therebetween.
The flow controlling member 12 has a conical depression 16 in its upper surface, the depression having a mouth extending over substantially the whole area of the bottom face 10 of the mandrel 9. The depression 16 is connected by a passageway 17 in the base member 2 to a pipe 18 extending out of the base memDer 2. ~ further pipe 19 is connected by way of a passageway (not shown) in the base member 2 to the space 15 between the base member 2 and the flow control member 12.
In use of the apparatus a slurry is pumped into ~he chamber 1 through the pipe 19 which serves as an ~0 ~nlet therefor, which slurry flows through the space 15 and up the space 11 between the mandrel 9 and the chamber wall 3 to flow out of the chamber 1 over the 'op of the chamber wall ~ through the space 20 be~ween the chamber wall 3 and the mandrel, which ~5 space 20 constitutes a first outlet from the cham~er 1.
2~
Some slurry flows from the space 15 between the bottom surface 10 of the mandrel 9 and thQ flow controlling ~ember 12 and into the depression 16, to flow out of the chamber 1 through the passage 17 and S the pipe 18 which const~tutes a second outlet from ,, ,the chamber 1. In order to ensure sub8tantially uniform flow of slurry over th~ bottom race 10 o~ the mandrel 9, a metal mesh member 21 is secured ov~r the mouth o~ the depres5ion 16 in the flow controlling member 12.
During such slurry flow the upper and lower portions 3A and 3B of the chamber wall 3, and the mandrel 9 are held at appropri:~te electrical potentials such that electrophoretic deposition occurs and material from the slurry is deposited onto the surface of the mandrel 9 whereby a cup-shaped body is formed thereon. During such operation the mesh member 21 also serves to ensure that there is a substantially uniform electric field over the bottom surface 10 of the mandrel 9, and this together with the substantially uniform slurry flow rate ensures a su'ostantially uniform thickness deposition on the bottom surface.10 of the mandrel 9.
The portions 3A and 3~ of the chamber wall 3 can be maintained at their appropriate potential for difSering times whereby different thickness deposition is effected on the mandrel 9, that is a thicker deposit opposite the portion maintained at the appropriate potential for the longer t$me. The cup-shaped body produced can thus be'given a relatively thlck wall portion, ~or example on upper free end portion, for subsequent machining as necessary.
For the production of beta alumina bodies for use as a solid electrolyte for a sodium-sulphur cell, the slurry supplied to the apparatus would comprise a .
.. ....
2!~17~2 suspension of beta alumina in amyl alcohol.
As shown in the drawing, a plurality ~f apparatus each as described above can be arranged in a line with their ba5e members 2 electrically and mechanically interconnected by a first plate member 30, their upper wall portion~ 3A electrically and mechanically lnterconnected by a ~-cond plate member 31, and their mandrels 9 electrica n y and mechanically interconnected by a third plate member 32, the first outle's 20 of the chambers 1 all overflowing into a common receptacle 33. Slurry fro~
the second outlets 18 of the chambers 1 can be added to that collected in the common receptacle 3 3 and sent for processing for reuse.
~ o - . . - ~ ~ .
'
DEPOSITION APPARAT~'S
FIE~2 OF TH~ INVENTION
This invention relates to deposition apparatus, and particularly to apparatus for use in the deposition of a cup-shaped body from a slurry.
~ESCRIPTION OF TEE-E~IOR ART
It is sometimes necessary to produce by depos tion, for example electrophoretic deposition, a cup-shaped body, that is a tubular boc Aaving a closed end, and a difficulty which ar:ses is :n = achieving a substant-ally uniform deposition in order to produce a body in which the tubular wall and the enà ~all are of substantially the same even thickness.
Such cup-shaped bodies are used as membranes in sodium-sulphur electrochemical cells, where a cup-shaped body of beta alumina material is used as a solid elect~olyte separating the liquid sodium and sulphur materials. such a cell is described n G~ 2178889.
For deposition a mandrel is placed in a slur~
-_ ^op.ising the material to be deposited suspended in a carrier liquid. If the necessary deposition is to ~~ke a realtively long time, for example more than 1 mlnute, then it is ~ecessary for the slurry to be -a ~ated, for example by the use of magnetic o s~__rers, in order to prevent the material to be deposited settling out of suspension. HowQver, such agitation can result in deposited material bsing -emoved fro~ the mandrel, and thus it is preferable ~o use 3n apparatus in which the slurry is pumped ~5 areund a closed circuit containing a deposit-on _namber in which the mandrel is located.
..-` .. ~ ,~
:
Z~17~2 STAT~EMT OF ~HE INV~XT5Q~
According to this invention there is provided apparatus for use in the deposition of a cup-shaped body from a slurry, comprising a cha~ber having a slurry inlet and a slurry outlet, and a mandrel mounted in the chamber, on the out y surface of which mandrel the cup-shaped body is deposited as slurry f~ows from the inlet to the outlet, including control means to provide a substantially uniform slurry flow rate over all surfaces of the mandrel on which deposition is to take place.
Preferably when the apparatus is used for electrophoretic deposition the control means also serves to provide a substantially uniform electric _ield over surfaces of the mandrel on which deposition is to take place.
The chamber can have a slurry inlet a~ a lower ~o end, a first slurry outlet at an upper end, .nd a secc~d slurry outlet at the lower end, the mandrel be_-~ mounted in the chamber to define a space ~elween the outer surface of the mandrel and the _....e- surface of the chamber, the first out'et ,_ sur~ounding the mand~el and the second outlet being ~elow a bottom face of the mandrel and having a mouth extending over substantially the whole area of the _ot.om face of the mandrel.
With such apparatus the flow of slur~ from the _o nle~ to the first outlet serves for deposition of ~he side wall of the cup-shaped body on the mandrel, while the flow of slurry from the inlet to the second outlet serves for deposition of the end wall of the cup-shaped body on the bottom face of the mandrel.
~_ 3uri~g such deposition the control member serves to ?rcvide a substantially uniform flow over the whole -`` zi~17~
of the bottom face of the mandrel whereby a substantially uniform thickness end wall for the cup-shaped body is deposited.
Preferably the apparatus includes a slurry flow S controlling member mounted at the lower end of the chamber and h~ving th- second outlet therein, the flow controllin~ memb-r having a conical downwardly facing outor ~urface facing a corr4~ponding surface of the ch~mber to provide an annular space constituting the slurry inlet to the chamber.
With such apparatus it is ensured that slurry entering the chamber does so in a manner giving satisfactory flow over the mandrel.
Preferably the chamber comprises a base member having the inlet and the second outlet therein, and a tubular wall member mounted on the base member.
The apparatus is particularly useful for carrying out electrophoretic deposition, in which case the chamber can constitute one electrode and the mandrel constitute the other electrode for the elec~_ophoretiC deposition process.
With such apparatus the control means also serves to provide a substantially uniform electric field over all surfaces of the mandrel on whlch deposition as to take place.
With such apparatus the chamber wall member can be formed of electr~cally isolated upper and lower portions whereby different thicknesses of deposition can be obtained on the mandrel opposite the upper and lower portions of the chamber wall by suitable control of the electric fields produced by the upper and lower portions. Thus, a cup-shaped body can be obta~ned having a thickened wall portion at its open end, such thickened wall portion being more easily ~5 worked as may be necessary for subsequent use of the cup-shaped member.
- ~
.
..
.. :
zil17~Z
The control member can be a mesh memker.
A plurality of apparatus according to th$s invention can be arranged with their outlets discharging into a co~mon receptacle wh-reby the slurry discharged from the apparatug can be easily collected ~or proces~ing for r ua-.
With such an arrangem nt used ~or electrophoretic deposition th~ chamber walls, or corresponding poa~t~on~ thereo~, o~ th~ apparatus can be electrically commoned, and th~ mandrel~ of the apparatus can be electrically commoned.
With such an arrangement the electrical supply to the apparatus is simplified.
lS ~
; This invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawing wh~ch is a partly sectioned side elevational view of an arrangement of apparatus according to this invention.
DE~ILED ~ESCRIPTIO~
The arrangement to be described comprises a ~lurality of apparatus arranged in l~ne, and each serving for the production of a cup-shaped body, and n particular a cup-shaped beta alumina body for use in a sodium-sulphur electrochemical cell, by eleclrophoretic deposition from a slurry.
Each apparatus comprises a chnmber 1 formed of a base member 2 and a cylindrical sidQ wall member 3, both of metal. The side wall mem~er 3 is formed of upper and lower portions 3A and 3L which are electrically isolated by an interposed annular ~5 insulating member 4. one end of the lower wall ~or-ion 33 ls received in an upstanding flange 5 on .
` 2~178t~2 the base member 2 with a sealing member 6 interposed, while the other end of the lower wall portion 3B is received in a downwardly directed flange 7 on the insulating m~ber 4, again with an interposed s~aling member 8. The upper wall portion 3A is secured to the insulating mQmber 4.
Projecting downwardly into th- chamb-r 1 through the open top thereof is a c~llndrical mQ~al mandr-l 9 having a bottom ~ace 10 d~rected towards the bottom of the chamber 1, there being an annular space ~1 between the mandrel 9 and the chamber wall 3.
The basQ member 2 of the chamber 1 is formed with a conical depression in which is .~unted a flow controlling member 12 which has a conical downwardly facing outer surface 13 facing a conical surface 14 of the base member 2 to provide a conical annular space lS therebetween.
The flow controlling member 12 has a conical depression 16 in its upper surface, the depression having a mouth extending over substantially the whole area of the bottom face 10 of the mandrel 9. The depression 16 is connected by a passageway 17 in the base member 2 to a pipe 18 extending out of the base memDer 2. ~ further pipe 19 is connected by way of a passageway (not shown) in the base member 2 to the space 15 between the base member 2 and the flow control member 12.
In use of the apparatus a slurry is pumped into ~he chamber 1 through the pipe 19 which serves as an ~0 ~nlet therefor, which slurry flows through the space 15 and up the space 11 between the mandrel 9 and the chamber wall 3 to flow out of the chamber 1 over the 'op of the chamber wall ~ through the space 20 be~ween the chamber wall 3 and the mandrel, which ~5 space 20 constitutes a first outlet from the cham~er 1.
2~
Some slurry flows from the space 15 between the bottom surface 10 of the mandrel 9 and thQ flow controlling ~ember 12 and into the depression 16, to flow out of the chamber 1 through the passage 17 and S the pipe 18 which const~tutes a second outlet from ,, ,the chamber 1. In order to ensure sub8tantially uniform flow of slurry over th~ bottom race 10 o~ the mandrel 9, a metal mesh member 21 is secured ov~r the mouth o~ the depres5ion 16 in the flow controlling member 12.
During such slurry flow the upper and lower portions 3A and 3B of the chamber wall 3, and the mandrel 9 are held at appropri:~te electrical potentials such that electrophoretic deposition occurs and material from the slurry is deposited onto the surface of the mandrel 9 whereby a cup-shaped body is formed thereon. During such operation the mesh member 21 also serves to ensure that there is a substantially uniform electric field over the bottom surface 10 of the mandrel 9, and this together with the substantially uniform slurry flow rate ensures a su'ostantially uniform thickness deposition on the bottom surface.10 of the mandrel 9.
The portions 3A and 3~ of the chamber wall 3 can be maintained at their appropriate potential for difSering times whereby different thickness deposition is effected on the mandrel 9, that is a thicker deposit opposite the portion maintained at the appropriate potential for the longer t$me. The cup-shaped body produced can thus be'given a relatively thlck wall portion, ~or example on upper free end portion, for subsequent machining as necessary.
For the production of beta alumina bodies for use as a solid electrolyte for a sodium-sulphur cell, the slurry supplied to the apparatus would comprise a .
.. ....
2!~17~2 suspension of beta alumina in amyl alcohol.
As shown in the drawing, a plurality ~f apparatus each as described above can be arranged in a line with their ba5e members 2 electrically and mechanically interconnected by a first plate member 30, their upper wall portion~ 3A electrically and mechanically lnterconnected by a ~-cond plate member 31, and their mandrels 9 electrica n y and mechanically interconnected by a third plate member 32, the first outle's 20 of the chambers 1 all overflowing into a common receptacle 33. Slurry fro~
the second outlets 18 of the chambers 1 can be added to that collected in the common receptacle 3 3 and sent for processing for reuse.
~ o - . . - ~ ~ .
'
Claims (9)
1. Apparatus for use in the deposition of a cup-shaped body from a slurry, comprising a chamber having a slurry inlet and a slurry outlet, and a mandrel mounted in the chamber, on the outer surface of which mandrel the cup-shaped body is deposited as slurry flows from the inlet to the outlet, including control means to provide a substantially uniform slurry flow rate over all surfaces of the mandrel on which deposition is to take place.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, in which the chamber has a slurry inlet at a lower end, a first slurry outlet at an upper end, and a second slurry outlet at the lower end, the mandrel being mounted in the chamber to define a space between the outer surface of the mandrel and the inner surface of the chamber, the first outlet surrounding the mandrel and the second outlet being below a bottom face of the mandrel and having a mouth extending over substantially the whole area of the bottom face of the mandrel.
3. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, including a slurry flow controlling member mounted at the lower end of the chamber and having the second outlet therein, the flow controlling member having a conical downwardly facing outer surface facing a corresponding surface of the chamber to provide an annular space constituting the slurry inlet to the chamber.
4. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 3, in which the chamber comprises a base member having the inlet and the second outlet therein, and a tubular wall member mounted on the base member.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, for electrophoretic deposition, in which the chamber consititutes one electrode and the mandrel constitutes the other electrode for the electrophoretic deposition process.
6. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 5, in which the control means also serves to provide a substantially uniform electric field over surfaces of the mandrel on which deposition is to take place.
7. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 5 or Claim 6, as dependent on Claim 4, in which the chamber wall member is formed of electrically isolated upper and lower portions.
8. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the control member is a mesh member.
9. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 8, as dependent on Claim 2 in which the mesh member is mounted over the mouth of the second outlet.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002017882A CA2017882A1 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1990-05-30 | Deposition apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002017882A CA2017882A1 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1990-05-30 | Deposition apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2017882A1 true CA2017882A1 (en) | 1991-11-30 |
Family
ID=4145103
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002017882A Abandoned CA2017882A1 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1990-05-30 | Deposition apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2017882A1 (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-05-30 CA CA002017882A patent/CA2017882A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |