CA2007086A1 - Latching and elevating mechanism for a roof hatch cover that incorporated armoured protection - Google Patents
Latching and elevating mechanism for a roof hatch cover that incorporated armoured protectionInfo
- Publication number
- CA2007086A1 CA2007086A1 CA002007086A CA2007086A CA2007086A1 CA 2007086 A1 CA2007086 A1 CA 2007086A1 CA 002007086 A CA002007086 A CA 002007086A CA 2007086 A CA2007086 A CA 2007086A CA 2007086 A1 CA2007086 A1 CA 2007086A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hatch cover
- roof hatch
- roof
- shaft
- inhibitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/22—Manhole covers, e.g. on tanks; Doors on armoured vehicles or structures
- F41H5/223—Manhole covers specially adapted for armoured or fighting vehicles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J13/00—Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general
- F16J13/16—Pivoted closures
- F16J13/18—Pivoted closures pivoted directly on the frame
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Known roof hatch covers used in tank turrets are assisted during the opening and closing movement by long tension springs, an arrangement which takes up a great deal of space. A
disadvantage in this is that the space that is used by the springs is no longer available to accommodate armoured protection. Further-more, because of the need to provide optimal armoured protection, it is impossible to incorporate any safety measures to prevent improper operation of the latching mechanism within the roof hatch cover. In order to ensure that maximum amount of available space for armoured protection both within and outside the roof hatch cover and to preclude any possibility of improper operation, there is provided an inhibiting system for the latching mechanism that is arranged on the outer side of the roof hatch cover. The inhibiting system acts to prevent the rotation of the shaft that connects the manual operating system of the hatch while the hatch is being opened. The roof hatch cover is also provided with at least one space-saving torsion spring that is arranged around a pivot shaft.
Known roof hatch covers used in tank turrets are assisted during the opening and closing movement by long tension springs, an arrangement which takes up a great deal of space. A
disadvantage in this is that the space that is used by the springs is no longer available to accommodate armoured protection. Further-more, because of the need to provide optimal armoured protection, it is impossible to incorporate any safety measures to prevent improper operation of the latching mechanism within the roof hatch cover. In order to ensure that maximum amount of available space for armoured protection both within and outside the roof hatch cover and to preclude any possibility of improper operation, there is provided an inhibiting system for the latching mechanism that is arranged on the outer side of the roof hatch cover. The inhibiting system acts to prevent the rotation of the shaft that connects the manual operating system of the hatch while the hatch is being opened. The roof hatch cover is also provided with at least one space-saving torsion spring that is arranged around a pivot shaft.
Description
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The present invention relates to a roof hatch cover.
Such roof hatch covers are generally known and are widely used in tank turrets. They can be locked or opened from the interior of the tank turret, for example by means of a hand wheel, and from the outside of the turret by means of a handle.
However, it is a disadvantage that, during operation, the roof hatch latching system, in particular the latching slides, can be moved even when the roof hatch cover is open. This results in the risk that when the roof hatch cover is moved to the closed posi-tion, the latching system is already in the "locked" position andthe latching slides can damage the roof hatch seals.
In order to eliminate this problem, it is expedient that arranged within the hatch there be at least one inhibiting system that prevents any movement of the latching slides when the roof hatch cover is open. However, inhibiting systems of this kind cannot be used within the roof hatch cover if the roof part of the armoured vehicle, and thus also the roof hatch cover, incor-porates suitable protective armour as a defensive measure against airborne weapons. In order to achieve the greatest possible protection of the roof, it is necessary that the structural spaces that are provided for protective armour, for example within and in the immediate outer area of the roof hatch cover, are not filled with objects such as the above-described latching system or a spring that makes it easier to open and close the roof hatch cover and which, because of its length, takes up a considerable amount of space. Such a spring, arranged in the outside area would, in ,~., ~ . ~ . .. - . :- :. ~ . . , particular, have to be made stronger and larger in order to compen-sat~ for a roof hatch cover that has been made a great deal heavier by the incorporation of such armoured protection. This also means that, because of the greater spring length, less space will be available for the incorporation of the armoured protection, for example on the upper surfaces of the tank.
The present invention provides a roof hatch cover that ensures maximum available space within and outside the roof hatch cover to ensure optimal utilization of armoured protection, and which also prevents any possibility of incorrect operation.
Accordingly, the present invention is a Eoof hatch cover for a tank turret that incorporates a latching mechanism that incorporates latching slides for latching and releasing the hatch from within the interior space of the turret, and operating means that can be operated from outside the turret the hatch cover after unlatching, and assisted by means of a spring, being pivotable from a closed position to an open position about a pivot shaft, characterized in that on the outer side of the roof hatch cover there is an inhibiting system for the latching mechanism which, during the whole of the opening process of the roof hatch cover, blocks a shaft that connects the operating means by form-fit engagement with the shaft; and in that the roof hatch cover is fitted with at least one torsion spring that is arranged about the pivot shaft.
The inhibiting system according to the present inven-tion for the latching mechanism and its arrangement in the outside .
area of the roof hatch cover permits, on the one hand, maximum space utilization for the incorporation of armoured protection in the interior area of the roof hatch cover and, on the other hand, creates an inhibiting system that effectively prevents manual movement of the latching slides during the whole of the opening process and thereby prevents any damage, in particular to the roof hatch seals, when the roof hatch cover is moved to the closed position.
The arrangement according to the present invention of at least one torsion spring advantageously permits not only a space saving arrangement about the pivot shaft that is located close to the roof hatch cover itself, and thus a greater useable surface of preferably active armoured protection, even in the im-mediate vicinity of the roof hatch cover on the turret roof, but also permits effective balancing when the roof hatch cover, which has been made considerably heavier by the incorporation of armoured protection, is being opened or closed. Because of the arrangement of the inhibiting system on the outside of the roof hatch cover there are no so-called "ballistic holes" in those areas of the interior of the roof hatch cover that are without armoured protec-tion, and the space saving arrangement of the torsion spring reduces such ballistic holes to a minimum.
The inhibiting system is characterized in that it can be made effective only when opening and closing the roof hatch cover and in that it effectively prevents a rotational movement of the shaft and thus the latching slides by a form-fit engagement ~;"'""~ ' .
of a inhibitor slide with the shaft of the latching mechanism.
In a particularly advantageous manner, a plurality of torsion springs can be arranged adjacent to each other in sets on the pivot shaft of the roof hatch cover, depending on the weight of the particular roof hatch co~er, and these can be pretensioned by means of an adjusting system in order to achieve a maximum balance for the weight of the roof hatch cover.
In addition, the housing for the torsion springs, which is joined to the roof hatch cover incorporates simple devices to dampen the movement of the hatch cover upon reaching an open position, a latch to fix this position, and a lever for manual release of the latch to allow for closing of hatch cover.
The shaft of the latching mechanism is supported solidly in an external bearing in order to ensure proper transfer of the functional commands from the check slide to the latch slides, the shaft not only being secured axially and radially but also be-ing adjustable to ensure a tolerance-free rotational movement in a very simple manner.
The present invention will be explained in greater detail below on the basis of an embodiment shown in the drawings appended hereto. These drawings are as follows:
Figure 1: part of a tank turret roof with two roof hatch covers, in plan view;
Figure 2: a cross section of the roof hatch cover along the line II-II shown in Figure l;
Figure 3: an enlarged cross section of the roof S',''~', ~ ' '' ~ . ' ' ' ' . . ' 2~0~6 hatch cover along the section line III-III shown in Figure l;
Figure 4: an enlarged drawing of the detail numbered IV shown in Figure 3;
Figure 5: a c.ross section on the line V-V shown in Figure 4;
Figure 6: an enlarged drawing of the hatch cover bearing as in the right-hand part of the cross section shown in Figure 3;
Figure 7: a plan view of the hatch cover bearing as in Figure 6 in the direction VIII indicated by the arrow;
Figure 8: a side view in the direction VIII indicated by the arrow in Figure 7;
Figure 9: a cross section on the line IX-IX in Figure 7;
Figure 10: a cross section on the line X-X shown in Figure 8;
Figure 11: a cross section on the line XI-XI shown in Figure 8;
Figure 12: a side view of the roof hatch cover in the open position.
:~ Figure 1 shows part of a tank turret roof 12 that incorporates a commander's hatch 11 and a loader's hatch 13. Each roof hatch 11, 13 has a roof hatch cover 10 that can be pivotedfrom a closed position 26 into an open position 28 about a shaft 32.
Each roof hatch cover 10 incorporates a latching mechanism 16 to latch and unlatch the hatch, and this preferably incorporates three latching slides 14 (Figures 2, 3); these can be operated by a shaft 38 that is secured on the axis of symmetry 17 of the roof hatch cover 10, either from the interior of the turret 18 (Figures 2, 3) or from the outside 20 of the turret (Figures 2, 3) by operating means 22, 24. On the outside, the operating means 24 is configured as a handle by which the loader's hatch 13 can be latched and locked from the exterior of the vehicle after exiting through the tank turret 12.
A hand wheel (Figures 2, 3) that can be operated from the interior 18 of the turret is secured to the other end of the shaft 38 as the operating means 22. In order to prevent damage, in particular to the turret seal 43, any change in the position of the latching slide 14 (Figure 2) after the roof hatch cover 10 is opened must be prevented. To this end, each turret roof hatch 10 has on its outside 34 (Figure 2) an inhibiting system 36 that blocks the shaft 38 by form-fit during engagement with the shaft.
The opening process of the roof hatch cover 10 to prevent the hand-operated lever24 or the hand wheel 22 from being operated manually.
The inhibiting system 36 incorporates an inhibitor slide 44 that is connected to an operating rod 54, and this in-hibiting slide 44 takes up a blocking position relative to the shaft 38 as a function of rotation of the cam shaft 62 that is initiated by means of a drag lever 64.
In contrast to the loader's hatch 13, the commander's hatch 11 incorporates known vision devices 39. The roof hatch ~ ,, . ~ : ` . , . , . ~
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cover 10 of the commander's hatch 11 has no handle 24 on the out-side and for this reason can only be secured or released from the interior 18 of the turret. In contrast to this, the loader's hatch 13 is equipped with a ring mount 19 to accommodate an anti-aircraft machinegun, which does not constitute part of the present invention.
Figures 2 and 3 make it plain that not only the top of the tank turret 12 but also, with the exception of the shaft 38, the whole interior space 21 of the roof hatch cover 10 is fit-ted with active armour plate 25, not described in greater detailherein. The armour plate 25 is secured to the roof hatch cover 10 by means of attachment means (not shown herein) that are secured to a base plate 29 of the roof hatch co~er 10. A bearing sleeve 41 to accommodate the shaft 38 that constitutes part of the latch-ing mechanism 16 is connected centrally to the base plate 29, the shaft 38 supporting the hand wheel 22 within the tank turret 12 and, on the outside, the handle 24.
The latching slides 14 that are arranged in a star shape are secured by guides 23 that are connected to the base plate 29 and can be moved in a radial direction by a control plate 27 that is connected to the hand wheel 22, the sliding pegs 15 of the locking slides 14 engaging in a curve slot of the control plate 27 (not shown in greater detail herein). In this way, the latching slides 14 are secured and released relative to the tank turret 12 by simple rotation of the hand wheel 22 or movement of the lever 24.
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Each roof hatch cover 10 is connected at two, prefer-ably opposing, contact points 31 with a housing 70 that accommod-ates a pivot shaft 32 of the roof hatch cover 10 and at least one torsion spring 30 that is configured as a spiral spring and arranged around the pivot shaft 32. The torsion moment of the torsion springs 30 is such that they can rotate the r~of hatch cover 10, which has been made 100% heavier by the incorporation of the armoured protection, within an angle of rotation a in the range from, for example 15 to 105 about the pivot axis 32, once the hatch cover has been released from the closed position 26.
This reduces to a minimum the force that has to be applied manual-ly to facilitate the opening movement of the roof hatch cover 10.
The roof hatch cover 10 can be secured ih the open position 28 by means of a latch 90 and can be released by means of a lever 96 in order to initiate the closing movement.
Figures 3 and 4 show that the inhibitor slide 44 of the inhibiting system 36 is secured on the shaft 38 of the latching mechanism 1~ between an attachment of the lever 24 which is releasable by the bolts 37 and an axial external bearing 98 and by the operating rod 54 so that the inhibitor slide's position can be varied, preferably longitudinally.
Figures 4 and 5 show that the shaft 38 incorporates a saw-tooth profile 40 on the outside of the roof hatch cover 10, this being engageable through a shape-fit with the inhibitor slide 44 that incorporates an identical saw-tooth profile 42. Immedi-ately prior to the roof hatch cover 10, reaching closed position ;
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26 the inhibitor slide 44 is moved by the operating rod 54 so that the saw-tooth profile 42 of the inhibitor slide 44 is out of engagement with the saw-tooth profile 40 of shaft 38. The opening of the inhibitor slide 44 that accommodates the shaft 38 is configured as an elongated slot 48 to allow for this movement, saw-tooth 42 only being within an arc-shaped area 46. The slot 48 per-mits longitudinal movement of the inhibitor slide 44 between a first end position 50 that is occupied when the roof hatch cover 10 is open in which the shaft 38 is engaged and prevented from rotating by saw-tooth profile 42, and a second end position 52 that is occupied during the closing procedure of the roof hatch cover 10 in which the shaft 38 is not engaged by saw-tooth profile 42 and can move freely.
The axial external bearing 98 consists of an adjust-ing nut 102 that is connected through a threaded section 100 to the shaft 38, and an inhibitor ring 104 that is connected to the saw-tooth profile 40 of the shaft 38. The inhibitor ring 104 incor-porates on its periphery a groove 108 that can be installed on a lug 106 of the adjusting nut 102. In order to provide for adjust-ment of the bearing with practically no free play between a shoulder 103 of the adjusting nut 102 and an extension 101 of the drilled hole of the bearing.sleeve 41, the adjusting nut 102 is first screwed onto the shaft 38 to the point that free play is reduced to a minimum. Then the inhibitor ring 104 is installed on the saw-tooth profile 40 of the shaft 38 and then on the lug 1O6Q~ the adjusting nut 102, and in this position is connected _ g _ ~ " :'''~ ' . .
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-axially through the bolts 110 with the adjusting nut 102. The adjusting nut 102 ensures stable support for the shaft because of its large area of axial and radial contact on the bearing sleeve 41. Sealing elements 105, 107 that are arranged in the area of the stop ring protect the interior 18 of the turret against exter-nal influences such as NBC weapons.
Figures 6 and 7 show, amongst other things, how the operating rod 54 is constructed and how it operates. The operating rod 54 is connected at one end with the above-described inhibitor slide 44 and on the other end is installed in a guide 55 that is secured to the housing 70 that is connected to the roof hatch cover 10. At its unattached end, the operating rod 54 incorporates a pin 57 that extends from the guide 55 on the side that is remote from the inhibitor slide 44 and accommodates a compression spring 56 that rests against a collar 59 of the pin 57 and thereby exerts a force that acts away from the roof hatch cover 10 in the direction 61 on the face end of the guide 55. ~ -In the area of the guide 55, the operating rod 54 is machined out in a U-section and incorporates a stop surface 58 that ~ :
is pressed by the compression spring 56 against a cam 60 of a camshaft 62 that is also supported externally on the housing 70.
The end of the camshaft 62 that is remote from the !
~stop surface 58 incorporates a drag lever 64 that is arranged at right angles to it, and when the roof hatch cover 10 is in the closed position 26 the unattached end o the drag lever 64 rests on the turret roof 12 or on the anti-aircraft machinegun ring mounting 19. The unattached end of the drag lever 64 can also move away from the turret roof 12 or the anti-aircraft machinegun ring mounting 19 when the roof hatch cover is in th~ open position.
The cams 60 are formed by twc axially extendiny surfaces 60.1, 60.2 cut into cam shaft 62, which are inclined relative to each other.
Figure 10 shows that the cam surface 60.1 is narrower than the cam surface 60.2, which is preferably inclined at an angle of 45 to it. Both cam surfaces 60.1, 60.2 are so matched to the position of the drag lever 64 that when the turret roof hatch cover 10 is in the closed position 26, the operating rod 54 and thus the inhibitor slide 44 are moved into the second end position 52 (Figure 5), against the forcè of the spring 56. In order to occupy this end position 52j when the roof hatch cover 10 is swung closed, the drag lever 64 rests on the turret roof 12 and thereby turns the cam 60 to the point that the cam surface 60.1 comes to rest against the stop surface 58 (Figures 6, 7, 10).
When the roof hatch cover 10 is raised into the open position 28, the drag lever 64 moves away from the turret roof 12, while the stop surface 58 mo~es the cam surface 60.1 back in the direction 61 under the action of the compression spring 56 until the large c3m surface 60.2 lies on the stop surface 58 (~igure 12). When this is done, the longitudinal movement that is completed by the in-hibitor slide 44 corresponds to the latching travel that is requir-ed for the latching mechanism 16 to move into the blocked position.
With the latching mechanism 16 in the blocked position, the w~
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saw-tooth profile 42 of the inhibitor slide 44 engages with the saw-tooth profile 40 (Figure 5) of the shaft 38 to occupy the first end position 50.
As is also made clear by Figures 8 to 11, the pivot shaft 32 is supported transversely within a bearing housing 68 that~s on the axis of symmetry 66 of the roof hatch cover 10 and this housing 68 is attached through connecting means 67 (not shown in greater detail herein) on the turret wall 12. Within the area ofthe bearing housing 68, the pivot shaft 32 is form-fitted through a serrated segment 69 to two sleeves 71 that are supported in the housing 68 so as to be able to rotate.
On both ends, the pivot shaft 32 extends beyond the bearing housing 68 to accommodate at least one of preferably three torsion springs 30 that are arranged on each side. The torsion springs 30, which are each arranged in sets, are each surrounded by a housing section 70, and each housing section is installed on an associated bearing sleeve 71 so as to be able to rotate. The housing sections 70 are connected to the contact points 31 by means of a pin 33 to create a hinge for the roof hatch cover 10.
In order to generate the necessary upward pivoting moment for the roof hatch cover 10, each torsion spring 30 is supported on the lnside on a transverse drilling 35 in the pivot shaft 32 and at the outer end 72 in a thrust bearing 74 that is secured to the housing 70.
All the torsion springs 30 can be adjusted to a preset -`
turning moment as a function of the weight of the roof hatch cover ~v ~, .. ,.. ,. ~, r~!:,,: ,.:. ~ .
in question. To this end, the pivot shaft 32 incorporates a device 76 to adjust the pretension on the torsion springs 30. This tension adjusting system consists of an adjusting lever 78 that is connected by shape fit with the pivot axis 32 through a serrated segment 69 and is arranged between the bearing sleeves 71. In order to pretension the torsion springs. This adjuster lever 78 can be adjusted through an adjuster nut 80 that is arranged in the bearing housing 68 that is secured to the turret.
The adjuster screw 80 consists of a threaded section 80.1 for the adjustment, a cylinder 80.2, and a guide cylinder 80.3 that is supported in the housing 68. The narrower section 80.2 of the adjuster screw 80 is enclosed by the adjuster lever 78 in the manner of a fork in order to transfer movement of the adjuster screw. The pretension of the tension springs 30 can be adjusted very simply to the desired amount by rotating the adjuster screws 80.
In order to dampen any impact when the roof hatch cover 10 is moved into the open position, one housing section 70 is equipped with at least one damping element 82. As best shown in Figures 10 and 11, the housing section 70 accommodates prefer-ably three damping elements that are transverse to a stop surface 83 ~rmed on the tank turret 12. In each instance the damping elements consist of a pin 88 that can move back into a drilling 84 in the housing 70 against the force of a compression spring 86.
The roof hatch cover 10 is automatically secured when in the open position 28 and can be released again very simply in order to initiate the closing movement.
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To this end, a housing section 70 incorporates a latch 90 that is supported so as to be able to pivot about a shaft 92.
The latch 90 is biased by at least one, and preferably two, spring-loaded pins 94 in the default position shown in Figure 6. When the hatch cover 10 is moved to the open position 28, latch 90 engages hook member 97 mounted to tank turret roof 12 to hold the cover in the open position. This arrangement is best shown in Figure 12. In order to release the hatch cover from open position 28, a lever 96 is provided that is connected rigidly to the latch 90. By manually rotating lever 96 in direction 99, latch 90 can be disengaged from hook member 97 to allow the hatch cover to be ~ :
closed.
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The present invention relates to a roof hatch cover.
Such roof hatch covers are generally known and are widely used in tank turrets. They can be locked or opened from the interior of the tank turret, for example by means of a hand wheel, and from the outside of the turret by means of a handle.
However, it is a disadvantage that, during operation, the roof hatch latching system, in particular the latching slides, can be moved even when the roof hatch cover is open. This results in the risk that when the roof hatch cover is moved to the closed posi-tion, the latching system is already in the "locked" position andthe latching slides can damage the roof hatch seals.
In order to eliminate this problem, it is expedient that arranged within the hatch there be at least one inhibiting system that prevents any movement of the latching slides when the roof hatch cover is open. However, inhibiting systems of this kind cannot be used within the roof hatch cover if the roof part of the armoured vehicle, and thus also the roof hatch cover, incor-porates suitable protective armour as a defensive measure against airborne weapons. In order to achieve the greatest possible protection of the roof, it is necessary that the structural spaces that are provided for protective armour, for example within and in the immediate outer area of the roof hatch cover, are not filled with objects such as the above-described latching system or a spring that makes it easier to open and close the roof hatch cover and which, because of its length, takes up a considerable amount of space. Such a spring, arranged in the outside area would, in ,~., ~ . ~ . .. - . :- :. ~ . . , particular, have to be made stronger and larger in order to compen-sat~ for a roof hatch cover that has been made a great deal heavier by the incorporation of such armoured protection. This also means that, because of the greater spring length, less space will be available for the incorporation of the armoured protection, for example on the upper surfaces of the tank.
The present invention provides a roof hatch cover that ensures maximum available space within and outside the roof hatch cover to ensure optimal utilization of armoured protection, and which also prevents any possibility of incorrect operation.
Accordingly, the present invention is a Eoof hatch cover for a tank turret that incorporates a latching mechanism that incorporates latching slides for latching and releasing the hatch from within the interior space of the turret, and operating means that can be operated from outside the turret the hatch cover after unlatching, and assisted by means of a spring, being pivotable from a closed position to an open position about a pivot shaft, characterized in that on the outer side of the roof hatch cover there is an inhibiting system for the latching mechanism which, during the whole of the opening process of the roof hatch cover, blocks a shaft that connects the operating means by form-fit engagement with the shaft; and in that the roof hatch cover is fitted with at least one torsion spring that is arranged about the pivot shaft.
The inhibiting system according to the present inven-tion for the latching mechanism and its arrangement in the outside .
area of the roof hatch cover permits, on the one hand, maximum space utilization for the incorporation of armoured protection in the interior area of the roof hatch cover and, on the other hand, creates an inhibiting system that effectively prevents manual movement of the latching slides during the whole of the opening process and thereby prevents any damage, in particular to the roof hatch seals, when the roof hatch cover is moved to the closed position.
The arrangement according to the present invention of at least one torsion spring advantageously permits not only a space saving arrangement about the pivot shaft that is located close to the roof hatch cover itself, and thus a greater useable surface of preferably active armoured protection, even in the im-mediate vicinity of the roof hatch cover on the turret roof, but also permits effective balancing when the roof hatch cover, which has been made considerably heavier by the incorporation of armoured protection, is being opened or closed. Because of the arrangement of the inhibiting system on the outside of the roof hatch cover there are no so-called "ballistic holes" in those areas of the interior of the roof hatch cover that are without armoured protec-tion, and the space saving arrangement of the torsion spring reduces such ballistic holes to a minimum.
The inhibiting system is characterized in that it can be made effective only when opening and closing the roof hatch cover and in that it effectively prevents a rotational movement of the shaft and thus the latching slides by a form-fit engagement ~;"'""~ ' .
of a inhibitor slide with the shaft of the latching mechanism.
In a particularly advantageous manner, a plurality of torsion springs can be arranged adjacent to each other in sets on the pivot shaft of the roof hatch cover, depending on the weight of the particular roof hatch co~er, and these can be pretensioned by means of an adjusting system in order to achieve a maximum balance for the weight of the roof hatch cover.
In addition, the housing for the torsion springs, which is joined to the roof hatch cover incorporates simple devices to dampen the movement of the hatch cover upon reaching an open position, a latch to fix this position, and a lever for manual release of the latch to allow for closing of hatch cover.
The shaft of the latching mechanism is supported solidly in an external bearing in order to ensure proper transfer of the functional commands from the check slide to the latch slides, the shaft not only being secured axially and radially but also be-ing adjustable to ensure a tolerance-free rotational movement in a very simple manner.
The present invention will be explained in greater detail below on the basis of an embodiment shown in the drawings appended hereto. These drawings are as follows:
Figure 1: part of a tank turret roof with two roof hatch covers, in plan view;
Figure 2: a cross section of the roof hatch cover along the line II-II shown in Figure l;
Figure 3: an enlarged cross section of the roof S',''~', ~ ' '' ~ . ' ' ' ' . . ' 2~0~6 hatch cover along the section line III-III shown in Figure l;
Figure 4: an enlarged drawing of the detail numbered IV shown in Figure 3;
Figure 5: a c.ross section on the line V-V shown in Figure 4;
Figure 6: an enlarged drawing of the hatch cover bearing as in the right-hand part of the cross section shown in Figure 3;
Figure 7: a plan view of the hatch cover bearing as in Figure 6 in the direction VIII indicated by the arrow;
Figure 8: a side view in the direction VIII indicated by the arrow in Figure 7;
Figure 9: a cross section on the line IX-IX in Figure 7;
Figure 10: a cross section on the line X-X shown in Figure 8;
Figure 11: a cross section on the line XI-XI shown in Figure 8;
Figure 12: a side view of the roof hatch cover in the open position.
:~ Figure 1 shows part of a tank turret roof 12 that incorporates a commander's hatch 11 and a loader's hatch 13. Each roof hatch 11, 13 has a roof hatch cover 10 that can be pivotedfrom a closed position 26 into an open position 28 about a shaft 32.
Each roof hatch cover 10 incorporates a latching mechanism 16 to latch and unlatch the hatch, and this preferably incorporates three latching slides 14 (Figures 2, 3); these can be operated by a shaft 38 that is secured on the axis of symmetry 17 of the roof hatch cover 10, either from the interior of the turret 18 (Figures 2, 3) or from the outside 20 of the turret (Figures 2, 3) by operating means 22, 24. On the outside, the operating means 24 is configured as a handle by which the loader's hatch 13 can be latched and locked from the exterior of the vehicle after exiting through the tank turret 12.
A hand wheel (Figures 2, 3) that can be operated from the interior 18 of the turret is secured to the other end of the shaft 38 as the operating means 22. In order to prevent damage, in particular to the turret seal 43, any change in the position of the latching slide 14 (Figure 2) after the roof hatch cover 10 is opened must be prevented. To this end, each turret roof hatch 10 has on its outside 34 (Figure 2) an inhibiting system 36 that blocks the shaft 38 by form-fit during engagement with the shaft.
The opening process of the roof hatch cover 10 to prevent the hand-operated lever24 or the hand wheel 22 from being operated manually.
The inhibiting system 36 incorporates an inhibitor slide 44 that is connected to an operating rod 54, and this in-hibiting slide 44 takes up a blocking position relative to the shaft 38 as a function of rotation of the cam shaft 62 that is initiated by means of a drag lever 64.
In contrast to the loader's hatch 13, the commander's hatch 11 incorporates known vision devices 39. The roof hatch ~ ,, . ~ : ` . , . , . ~
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cover 10 of the commander's hatch 11 has no handle 24 on the out-side and for this reason can only be secured or released from the interior 18 of the turret. In contrast to this, the loader's hatch 13 is equipped with a ring mount 19 to accommodate an anti-aircraft machinegun, which does not constitute part of the present invention.
Figures 2 and 3 make it plain that not only the top of the tank turret 12 but also, with the exception of the shaft 38, the whole interior space 21 of the roof hatch cover 10 is fit-ted with active armour plate 25, not described in greater detailherein. The armour plate 25 is secured to the roof hatch cover 10 by means of attachment means (not shown herein) that are secured to a base plate 29 of the roof hatch co~er 10. A bearing sleeve 41 to accommodate the shaft 38 that constitutes part of the latch-ing mechanism 16 is connected centrally to the base plate 29, the shaft 38 supporting the hand wheel 22 within the tank turret 12 and, on the outside, the handle 24.
The latching slides 14 that are arranged in a star shape are secured by guides 23 that are connected to the base plate 29 and can be moved in a radial direction by a control plate 27 that is connected to the hand wheel 22, the sliding pegs 15 of the locking slides 14 engaging in a curve slot of the control plate 27 (not shown in greater detail herein). In this way, the latching slides 14 are secured and released relative to the tank turret 12 by simple rotation of the hand wheel 22 or movement of the lever 24.
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Each roof hatch cover 10 is connected at two, prefer-ably opposing, contact points 31 with a housing 70 that accommod-ates a pivot shaft 32 of the roof hatch cover 10 and at least one torsion spring 30 that is configured as a spiral spring and arranged around the pivot shaft 32. The torsion moment of the torsion springs 30 is such that they can rotate the r~of hatch cover 10, which has been made 100% heavier by the incorporation of the armoured protection, within an angle of rotation a in the range from, for example 15 to 105 about the pivot axis 32, once the hatch cover has been released from the closed position 26.
This reduces to a minimum the force that has to be applied manual-ly to facilitate the opening movement of the roof hatch cover 10.
The roof hatch cover 10 can be secured ih the open position 28 by means of a latch 90 and can be released by means of a lever 96 in order to initiate the closing movement.
Figures 3 and 4 show that the inhibitor slide 44 of the inhibiting system 36 is secured on the shaft 38 of the latching mechanism 1~ between an attachment of the lever 24 which is releasable by the bolts 37 and an axial external bearing 98 and by the operating rod 54 so that the inhibitor slide's position can be varied, preferably longitudinally.
Figures 4 and 5 show that the shaft 38 incorporates a saw-tooth profile 40 on the outside of the roof hatch cover 10, this being engageable through a shape-fit with the inhibitor slide 44 that incorporates an identical saw-tooth profile 42. Immedi-ately prior to the roof hatch cover 10, reaching closed position ;
.......
,i'',, :. -.': . ': : " ,, ' .
P~
26 the inhibitor slide 44 is moved by the operating rod 54 so that the saw-tooth profile 42 of the inhibitor slide 44 is out of engagement with the saw-tooth profile 40 of shaft 38. The opening of the inhibitor slide 44 that accommodates the shaft 38 is configured as an elongated slot 48 to allow for this movement, saw-tooth 42 only being within an arc-shaped area 46. The slot 48 per-mits longitudinal movement of the inhibitor slide 44 between a first end position 50 that is occupied when the roof hatch cover 10 is open in which the shaft 38 is engaged and prevented from rotating by saw-tooth profile 42, and a second end position 52 that is occupied during the closing procedure of the roof hatch cover 10 in which the shaft 38 is not engaged by saw-tooth profile 42 and can move freely.
The axial external bearing 98 consists of an adjust-ing nut 102 that is connected through a threaded section 100 to the shaft 38, and an inhibitor ring 104 that is connected to the saw-tooth profile 40 of the shaft 38. The inhibitor ring 104 incor-porates on its periphery a groove 108 that can be installed on a lug 106 of the adjusting nut 102. In order to provide for adjust-ment of the bearing with practically no free play between a shoulder 103 of the adjusting nut 102 and an extension 101 of the drilled hole of the bearing.sleeve 41, the adjusting nut 102 is first screwed onto the shaft 38 to the point that free play is reduced to a minimum. Then the inhibitor ring 104 is installed on the saw-tooth profile 40 of the shaft 38 and then on the lug 1O6Q~ the adjusting nut 102, and in this position is connected _ g _ ~ " :'''~ ' . .
~$~
. .
-axially through the bolts 110 with the adjusting nut 102. The adjusting nut 102 ensures stable support for the shaft because of its large area of axial and radial contact on the bearing sleeve 41. Sealing elements 105, 107 that are arranged in the area of the stop ring protect the interior 18 of the turret against exter-nal influences such as NBC weapons.
Figures 6 and 7 show, amongst other things, how the operating rod 54 is constructed and how it operates. The operating rod 54 is connected at one end with the above-described inhibitor slide 44 and on the other end is installed in a guide 55 that is secured to the housing 70 that is connected to the roof hatch cover 10. At its unattached end, the operating rod 54 incorporates a pin 57 that extends from the guide 55 on the side that is remote from the inhibitor slide 44 and accommodates a compression spring 56 that rests against a collar 59 of the pin 57 and thereby exerts a force that acts away from the roof hatch cover 10 in the direction 61 on the face end of the guide 55. ~ -In the area of the guide 55, the operating rod 54 is machined out in a U-section and incorporates a stop surface 58 that ~ :
is pressed by the compression spring 56 against a cam 60 of a camshaft 62 that is also supported externally on the housing 70.
The end of the camshaft 62 that is remote from the !
~stop surface 58 incorporates a drag lever 64 that is arranged at right angles to it, and when the roof hatch cover 10 is in the closed position 26 the unattached end o the drag lever 64 rests on the turret roof 12 or on the anti-aircraft machinegun ring mounting 19. The unattached end of the drag lever 64 can also move away from the turret roof 12 or the anti-aircraft machinegun ring mounting 19 when the roof hatch cover is in th~ open position.
The cams 60 are formed by twc axially extendiny surfaces 60.1, 60.2 cut into cam shaft 62, which are inclined relative to each other.
Figure 10 shows that the cam surface 60.1 is narrower than the cam surface 60.2, which is preferably inclined at an angle of 45 to it. Both cam surfaces 60.1, 60.2 are so matched to the position of the drag lever 64 that when the turret roof hatch cover 10 is in the closed position 26, the operating rod 54 and thus the inhibitor slide 44 are moved into the second end position 52 (Figure 5), against the forcè of the spring 56. In order to occupy this end position 52j when the roof hatch cover 10 is swung closed, the drag lever 64 rests on the turret roof 12 and thereby turns the cam 60 to the point that the cam surface 60.1 comes to rest against the stop surface 58 (Figures 6, 7, 10).
When the roof hatch cover 10 is raised into the open position 28, the drag lever 64 moves away from the turret roof 12, while the stop surface 58 mo~es the cam surface 60.1 back in the direction 61 under the action of the compression spring 56 until the large c3m surface 60.2 lies on the stop surface 58 (~igure 12). When this is done, the longitudinal movement that is completed by the in-hibitor slide 44 corresponds to the latching travel that is requir-ed for the latching mechanism 16 to move into the blocked position.
With the latching mechanism 16 in the blocked position, the w~
'.,' ,~
.
:
saw-tooth profile 42 of the inhibitor slide 44 engages with the saw-tooth profile 40 (Figure 5) of the shaft 38 to occupy the first end position 50.
As is also made clear by Figures 8 to 11, the pivot shaft 32 is supported transversely within a bearing housing 68 that~s on the axis of symmetry 66 of the roof hatch cover 10 and this housing 68 is attached through connecting means 67 (not shown in greater detail herein) on the turret wall 12. Within the area ofthe bearing housing 68, the pivot shaft 32 is form-fitted through a serrated segment 69 to two sleeves 71 that are supported in the housing 68 so as to be able to rotate.
On both ends, the pivot shaft 32 extends beyond the bearing housing 68 to accommodate at least one of preferably three torsion springs 30 that are arranged on each side. The torsion springs 30, which are each arranged in sets, are each surrounded by a housing section 70, and each housing section is installed on an associated bearing sleeve 71 so as to be able to rotate. The housing sections 70 are connected to the contact points 31 by means of a pin 33 to create a hinge for the roof hatch cover 10.
In order to generate the necessary upward pivoting moment for the roof hatch cover 10, each torsion spring 30 is supported on the lnside on a transverse drilling 35 in the pivot shaft 32 and at the outer end 72 in a thrust bearing 74 that is secured to the housing 70.
All the torsion springs 30 can be adjusted to a preset -`
turning moment as a function of the weight of the roof hatch cover ~v ~, .. ,.. ,. ~, r~!:,,: ,.:. ~ .
in question. To this end, the pivot shaft 32 incorporates a device 76 to adjust the pretension on the torsion springs 30. This tension adjusting system consists of an adjusting lever 78 that is connected by shape fit with the pivot axis 32 through a serrated segment 69 and is arranged between the bearing sleeves 71. In order to pretension the torsion springs. This adjuster lever 78 can be adjusted through an adjuster nut 80 that is arranged in the bearing housing 68 that is secured to the turret.
The adjuster screw 80 consists of a threaded section 80.1 for the adjustment, a cylinder 80.2, and a guide cylinder 80.3 that is supported in the housing 68. The narrower section 80.2 of the adjuster screw 80 is enclosed by the adjuster lever 78 in the manner of a fork in order to transfer movement of the adjuster screw. The pretension of the tension springs 30 can be adjusted very simply to the desired amount by rotating the adjuster screws 80.
In order to dampen any impact when the roof hatch cover 10 is moved into the open position, one housing section 70 is equipped with at least one damping element 82. As best shown in Figures 10 and 11, the housing section 70 accommodates prefer-ably three damping elements that are transverse to a stop surface 83 ~rmed on the tank turret 12. In each instance the damping elements consist of a pin 88 that can move back into a drilling 84 in the housing 70 against the force of a compression spring 86.
The roof hatch cover 10 is automatically secured when in the open position 28 and can be released again very simply in order to initiate the closing movement.
!...... ,:
!~ ~
,,.,"
~"
~ .
:, .
To this end, a housing section 70 incorporates a latch 90 that is supported so as to be able to pivot about a shaft 92.
The latch 90 is biased by at least one, and preferably two, spring-loaded pins 94 in the default position shown in Figure 6. When the hatch cover 10 is moved to the open position 28, latch 90 engages hook member 97 mounted to tank turret roof 12 to hold the cover in the open position. This arrangement is best shown in Figure 12. In order to release the hatch cover from open position 28, a lever 96 is provided that is connected rigidly to the latch 90. By manually rotating lever 96 in direction 99, latch 90 can be disengaged from hook member 97 to allow the hatch cover to be ~ :
closed.
, ~ .
' ~ : '
Claims (12)
1. A roof hatch cover for a tank turret that incorporates a latching mechanism that incorporates latching slides for latch-ing and releasing the hatch from within the interior space of the turret, and operating means that can be operated from outside the turret, the hatch cover after unlatching, and assisted by means of a spring , being pivotable from a closed position to an open position about a pivot shaft, characterized in that on the outer side of the roof hatch cover there is an inhibiting system for the latching mechanism which, during the whole of the opening process of the roof hatch cover, blocks a shaft that connects the operating means by form-fit engagement with the shaft; and in that the roof hatch cover is fitted with at least one torsion spring that is arranged about the pivot shaft.
2. A roof hatch cover as defined in Claim 1, characterized in that the shaft of the latching mechanism incorporates on the outer side of the roof hatch cover a saw-tooth profile that is engageable with an inhibitor slide of the inhibiting system having an identical saw-tooth profile during the whole of the opening procedure for the roof hatch cover. the position of the inhibitor slide being variable such that when the roof hatch cover is in the closed position the saw-tooth profile of the inhibitor slide is disengaged from the saw-tooth profile of the shaft.
3. A roof hatch cover as defined in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the inhibitor slide incorporates a saw-tooth profile that is arranged exclusively within an are-shaped area of a slot, the dimensions of the slot being such that the inhibitor slide can be moved longitudinally into a first end position during the opening procedure for the roof hatch cover in which the shaft is prevented from rotating by engagement with the saw-tooth profile of the inhibitor slide and a second end position during the closing procedure of the roof hatch cover in which the shaft can move freely.
4. A roof hatch cover as defined in one of the Claims 1, 2 or 3 characterized in that:
a) the inhibitor slide is connected with an operating rod that is supported on the roof hatch cover;
b) a spring element is arranged on the operating rod, said element pressing a stop surface of the operating rod against a cam of a cam shaft that is similarly supported on the exterior of the roof hatch cover;
c) the cam shaft incorporates a drag lever that rests on the turret roof when the roof hatch cover is in the closed position and in the open position when the roof hatch cover moves away from the turret roof;
d) the drag lever being fixed relative to the cam such that when the roof hatch cover is in the closed position the operat-ing rod and thus the inhibitor slide move into the second end position against the force of the spring, whereas when the roof hatch cover is in the open position the stop surface moves the cam back under the force of the spring and the inhibitor slide occupies the first end position that is required to block the latching mechanism.
a) the inhibitor slide is connected with an operating rod that is supported on the roof hatch cover;
b) a spring element is arranged on the operating rod, said element pressing a stop surface of the operating rod against a cam of a cam shaft that is similarly supported on the exterior of the roof hatch cover;
c) the cam shaft incorporates a drag lever that rests on the turret roof when the roof hatch cover is in the closed position and in the open position when the roof hatch cover moves away from the turret roof;
d) the drag lever being fixed relative to the cam such that when the roof hatch cover is in the closed position the operat-ing rod and thus the inhibitor slide move into the second end position against the force of the spring, whereas when the roof hatch cover is in the open position the stop surface moves the cam back under the force of the spring and the inhibitor slide occupies the first end position that is required to block the latching mechanism.
5. A roof hatch cover as defined in Claim 1, characterized in that the pivot shaft is supported so as to be fixed in the tur-ret in a bearing housing that lies on the axis of symmetry of the roof hatch cover, said pivot shaft extending on both sides of the bearing housing into a housing that is joined to the roof hatch cover, said housing accommodating at least one torsion spring.
6. A roof hatch cover as defined in Claim 5, characterized in that the housing that is connected to the roof hatch cover contains three torsion springs arranged adjacent each other, said springs being held securely on their inner ends on the pivot shaft and their outer ends being supported in a thrust bearing fixed to the housing.
7. A roof hatch cover as defined in one of the Claims 1, 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that the pivot shaft is fitted with a device to adjust the pretension of the torsion springs.
8. A roof hatch cover as defined in Claim 7, characterized in that the device to adjust the pretension of the torsion spring includes an adjusting lever that is connected by way of form-fit with the pivot shaft and an adjusting screw that moves the adjust ing lever.
9. A roof hatch cover as defined in one of the claims 1, 2, 5, 6 or 8, characterized in that the housing that is joined to the roof hatch cover is provided with at least one element that damps the movement into the opening position.
10. A roof hatch cover as defined in Claim 9, characterized in that the damping element consists of a pin that can move back into a drilling in the housing, against the force of a compression spring.
11. A roof hatch cover as defined in one of the claims 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that:
the housing that is secured to the roof hatch cover incorporates a latch to hold the roof hatch cover in the open position;
said latch being supported so as to be pivotable about a shaft;
and said latch being biased into a fixed position by at least one spring-loaded spring. and containing a rigidly connec-ted hand-operated lever to release the latch to allow the roof hatchcover to be moved to the open position.
the housing that is secured to the roof hatch cover incorporates a latch to hold the roof hatch cover in the open position;
said latch being supported so as to be pivotable about a shaft;
and said latch being biased into a fixed position by at least one spring-loaded spring. and containing a rigidly connec-ted hand-operated lever to release the latch to allow the roof hatchcover to be moved to the open position.
12. A roof hatch cover as defined in one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that:
an axial external bearing is arranged on the shaft that connects the operating means;
said external bearing comprising an adjusting nut that is connected through a thread to the shaft and an inhibitor ring that engages the saw-tooth profile of the shaft;
said inhibitor ring incorporating on its periphery a groove that can be installed on a lug of said adjusting nut;
said inhibitor ring and said adjusting nut being connected with each other through bolts.
an axial external bearing is arranged on the shaft that connects the operating means;
said external bearing comprising an adjusting nut that is connected through a thread to the shaft and an inhibitor ring that engages the saw-tooth profile of the shaft;
said inhibitor ring incorporating on its periphery a groove that can be installed on a lug of said adjusting nut;
said inhibitor ring and said adjusting nut being connected with each other through bolts.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3908789A DE3908789A1 (en) | 1989-03-17 | 1989-03-17 | LOCKING AND SWING-ON MECHANISM FOR A ROOF HATCH COVERED WITH ARMOR PROTECTION |
| DEP3908789.1 | 1989-03-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2007086A1 true CA2007086A1 (en) | 1990-09-17 |
Family
ID=6376580
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002007086A Abandoned CA2007086A1 (en) | 1989-03-17 | 1990-01-03 | Latching and elevating mechanism for a roof hatch cover that incorporated armoured protection |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0387405B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2007086A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3908789A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4341265A1 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1995-06-08 | Wegmann & Co Gmbh | Entry / exit hatch on an armored combat vehicle |
| DE102008063769B4 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2011-02-17 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Swing hatch, especially for military vehicles |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2239327A (en) * | 1940-07-03 | 1941-04-22 | William F Kenny Company | Closure fastening means |
| CH595605A5 (en) * | 1976-01-15 | 1978-02-15 | Contraves Ag | Armoured car roof section covering tracking and aiming system |
| DE3245686A1 (en) * | 1982-12-10 | 1984-06-28 | Krauss-Maffei AG, 8000 München | Hatch cover for combat vehicles |
-
1989
- 1989-03-17 DE DE3908789A patent/DE3908789A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-11-15 DE DE8989121107T patent/DE58903124D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-15 EP EP19890121107 patent/EP0387405B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-01-03 CA CA002007086A patent/CA2007086A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0387405A1 (en) | 1990-09-19 |
| EP0387405B1 (en) | 1992-12-23 |
| DE3908789A1 (en) | 1990-09-20 |
| DE58903124D1 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |