CA2003962A1 - Process and casting mould for casting shafts - Google Patents
Process and casting mould for casting shaftsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2003962A1 CA2003962A1 CA002003962A CA2003962A CA2003962A1 CA 2003962 A1 CA2003962 A1 CA 2003962A1 CA 002003962 A CA002003962 A CA 002003962A CA 2003962 A CA2003962 A CA 2003962A CA 2003962 A1 CA2003962 A1 CA 2003962A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chill
- pattern
- casting
- projections
- sealing means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
- B22D15/02—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor of cylinders, pistons, bearing shells or like thin-walled objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Mechanical Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
On a shaft pattern sealings are arranged on projecting parts surrounded by chill in such a way that any intermediate gap is sealed against the penetration of sand grains, This significantly reduces surface faults or defects on the cast shaft.
On a shaft pattern sealings are arranged on projecting parts surrounded by chill in such a way that any intermediate gap is sealed against the penetration of sand grains, This significantly reduces surface faults or defects on the cast shaft.
Description
PROCESS AND CASTING MOULD FOR CASTING SHAFTS
The invention relates to a process for casting shafts, particularly slender shafts, which also have projecting parts, especially eccentric, bearing and cam parts, which in order to achieve specific material characteristics must be cast by means of at least one metal chill placed in the casting mould, as well as to a casting mould for performing the process.
Nowadays, slender cast shafts are manurfactured in large number~, particularly in the form of camshafts, which are required in the construction of internal combustion engines.
In the case of large internal combustion engines the camshafts are made from steel, whereas preference is given to cast camshafts in the case of vehicle engines.
The invention relates to cast shafts, which are manufactured in large numbers. Cast camshafts must be inexpensive, whilst also having a high ~uality with regards to the wear resistance and dampinq or absorption. However, machining must be reduced to a minimum, which amounts to seeking material allowances not going beyond what is required as a grinding allowance. For casting such camshafts, sand moulds are produced and for achieving certain material characteristics on the bearing parts and cams metal chills or chills are inserted.
In general, the casting mould is in two parts and mould separation takes place in the longitudinal axis of the camshaft. Correspondingly the pattern is also constructed in two-part form and the mould halves, together with the pattern halves are cast with the chills.
This manner of producing casting moulds has proved largely satisfactory. However, it is not possible to achieve such small material allowances as would be required with a view to further reducing labour costs during finish machining.
The present invention further develops a process of the aforementioned type that material allowances can be reduced compared with those of the known processes, but whilst simultaneously reducing or completely eliminating the deficiencies on the surface of the cast workpiece, particularly in the vicinity of the chills, occurring during the casting of the mould.
According to the invention this is achieved in that on the chill or the pattern parts cooperating with the latter, mean are generally or selectively provided which, during the production of the casting mould, prevent the penetration of sand into the chill cavity and on casting the casting mould prevent the formation of defects or faults on the circumferential surface of the projecting parts and also material allowances on the latter. Appropriately sealing means are provided on the circumrerential surfaces of the projecting parts of the shaft pattern corresponding to the projecting parts of the shaft closing the gap between the pattern and the chill. Thus, no mould sand can enter the gap between the chill and the pattern and consequently no surface faults or defects occur on the then cast camshaft.
Appropriately the part of the chill forming the circumferential surface of the projecting parts is provided with a waffle or honeycomb groove or corrugation system.
Thus, the surface of the projecting part is improved, which is important for preventing frosting, cold shuts and other surface defects. In addition, the pattern parting for the chill can be level with the height of the vertical tangent point of the projecting part, so that there is no formation of the otherwise occurring material allowances in the plane of the longitudinal axis of the shaft in connection with r,ould parting and for which subsequently additional cutting is needed for removal purposes.
The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter relative to non-limitative embodi~ents and the attached drawings, wherein show:
Fig. 1 A view, partly in section, of a pattern plate with a pattern mounted thereon of a camshaft and mounted chills on the front parts of the camshaft.
Fig. 2 A diagrammatic, three-dimensional view of three chills.
Fig. 3. A vertical section through a two-part casting mould in the vicinity of two facing chills.
Fig. 1 shows part of the pattern of a shaft 1 with projecting parts 2, 3, 4, which are in this case cam disks, used on the finished camshaft for controlling the admission and exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine. The projecting parts 5, 6 shown on the shaft pattern are e.g.
bearing parts, which have a larger diameter than the base diameter 7 of the shaft pattern 1 and which are mounted in the casting mould by mould sand. The projecting parts 5, 6 have a circular diameter, which is larger than the base diameter 7 of the shaft of pattern 1 or the camshaft.
On the projecting parts 2, 3, 4 are placed metal chills 8, 9, 10, which form part of the casting mould during the production of the latter. The chills 8, 9, 10 can be individual moulds, as shown in Fig. 1, or can form part of a group, cf. Fig. 2, in which the chills 8, 9, 10 are interconnected by a web 14.
Between the inner contour of chills ~, 9, 10 and the outer contour of the projecting parts 2, 3, 4 it is necessary to respect a given clearance 15, which is shown on larger scale with respect to chill 2. As a result of this gap between the projecting part and the chill it is possible for sand grains to enter and the latter can subsequently lead to surface faults or defects on the cast camshaft.
As it is an important aim of the present invention to minimize material allowances, the first problem thereof is the need to prevent the formation of surface faults or defects on the projecting parts of the camshaft in the form of cam disks. Thus, after removing the material allowance, there must be a perfect surface following the finish machining of the cast camshaft.
It has surprisingly been found that the surface faults occurring on the cam disks can be largely avoided if sealing means 16 are provided on the projecting parts in the shaft pattern 1 and which serve to close the gap resulting from clearance 15 between the outer contour or projectinq parts 2, 3, 4 and the inner contour of chills 8, 9, 10.
The sealing means 16 can be constructed in different ways. They are so arranged on the projecting parts that at the most a small, uncovered pattern part 17 is left behind and at the most amounts to roughly 2 mm.
In the case of chill 8 the sealing means are two O-rings 18 made from a relatively soft elastomer. In the case of the chill 9 the sealing means is a flat packing 19, which is also made from a relatively soft elastomer. In the case of chill 10 the sealing means is a lip-type packing 20. As in the case of the O-ring seal 18, two such lip packings 20 are used for sealing the two ends of the gap 15. At the time of casting the pattern, the removal of the latter is accompanied by that of the sealing means 16.
Fig. 2 shows that the chills 8, 9, 10 form part of a ~~ chill group, which need not be restricted to three such chills and can also include further chills. The advantage of using such a group is that handling is facilitated on casting the casting mould.
Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows a further measure for avoiding material allowances. The pattern which is used for the production of the normally two-part casting mould, is also constructed in the form of a two-part pattern, in each case one half being fixed to a pattern plate. The plane through the longitudinal axis 22 of the camshaft is normally chosen as the parting face 21. Fig. 3 shows two chill halves 23, 24 for the two casting mould halves serving as the mould for the production of one of the said projecting parts 2, 3, 4. As these projecting parts are generally cam disks, which have an eccentric portion not located in the parting plane 21, the upper chill half 23 must have an inner contour 25 at this point, which permits the chill half to be placed on the pattern. The lower chill half 24 consequently receives an inner contour 26. These two contour portions 25, 26 of the chill inner contour differ from the cam disk outer contour 27, so that a relatively large material allowance occurs on casting.
This material allowance can be avoided in that the separating face is displaced in parallel out of the plane through the longitudinal axis 22 of the camshaft to such an extent that said surface 28 intersects the point 29 of the cam disk contour with a vertical tangent. This makes it possible to avoid the relatively large material allowance resulting from the two inner ccntour portions 25, 26 of the two chill halves 32, 24.
When using chills, it is known that on the surface of the casting flow or stretcher lines, so-called frosting can occur. Another defect occurring in the vicinity of the surface of castings is a so-called cold shut. Therefore these faults require a certain minimum allowance during casting, so that they can be removed during the following machining. It is therefore an aim of the invention to avoid frosting and cold shuts by corresponding measures.
It has surprisingly been found that the aforementioned surface faults can be largely avoided if the part 31 of chill 8, 9, 10 forming the circumferential surface of the projecting parts 2, 3, 4 is given a waffle-like groove system 30, as shown in Fig. 2. This relatively simple solution makes it possible to greatly reduce surface faults on said part 31.
As a result of the above-described measures of sealing and grooving the chill inner face, as well as the per se known displacement of the parting face of the pattern or casting mould, it is possible to reduce the material allowance desirable in order to reduce and shorten machining, e.g. grinding, without problems occurring in connection with the necessary surface quality due to surface faults or defects.
The invention relates to a process for casting shafts, particularly slender shafts, which also have projecting parts, especially eccentric, bearing and cam parts, which in order to achieve specific material characteristics must be cast by means of at least one metal chill placed in the casting mould, as well as to a casting mould for performing the process.
Nowadays, slender cast shafts are manurfactured in large number~, particularly in the form of camshafts, which are required in the construction of internal combustion engines.
In the case of large internal combustion engines the camshafts are made from steel, whereas preference is given to cast camshafts in the case of vehicle engines.
The invention relates to cast shafts, which are manufactured in large numbers. Cast camshafts must be inexpensive, whilst also having a high ~uality with regards to the wear resistance and dampinq or absorption. However, machining must be reduced to a minimum, which amounts to seeking material allowances not going beyond what is required as a grinding allowance. For casting such camshafts, sand moulds are produced and for achieving certain material characteristics on the bearing parts and cams metal chills or chills are inserted.
In general, the casting mould is in two parts and mould separation takes place in the longitudinal axis of the camshaft. Correspondingly the pattern is also constructed in two-part form and the mould halves, together with the pattern halves are cast with the chills.
This manner of producing casting moulds has proved largely satisfactory. However, it is not possible to achieve such small material allowances as would be required with a view to further reducing labour costs during finish machining.
The present invention further develops a process of the aforementioned type that material allowances can be reduced compared with those of the known processes, but whilst simultaneously reducing or completely eliminating the deficiencies on the surface of the cast workpiece, particularly in the vicinity of the chills, occurring during the casting of the mould.
According to the invention this is achieved in that on the chill or the pattern parts cooperating with the latter, mean are generally or selectively provided which, during the production of the casting mould, prevent the penetration of sand into the chill cavity and on casting the casting mould prevent the formation of defects or faults on the circumferential surface of the projecting parts and also material allowances on the latter. Appropriately sealing means are provided on the circumrerential surfaces of the projecting parts of the shaft pattern corresponding to the projecting parts of the shaft closing the gap between the pattern and the chill. Thus, no mould sand can enter the gap between the chill and the pattern and consequently no surface faults or defects occur on the then cast camshaft.
Appropriately the part of the chill forming the circumferential surface of the projecting parts is provided with a waffle or honeycomb groove or corrugation system.
Thus, the surface of the projecting part is improved, which is important for preventing frosting, cold shuts and other surface defects. In addition, the pattern parting for the chill can be level with the height of the vertical tangent point of the projecting part, so that there is no formation of the otherwise occurring material allowances in the plane of the longitudinal axis of the shaft in connection with r,ould parting and for which subsequently additional cutting is needed for removal purposes.
The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter relative to non-limitative embodi~ents and the attached drawings, wherein show:
Fig. 1 A view, partly in section, of a pattern plate with a pattern mounted thereon of a camshaft and mounted chills on the front parts of the camshaft.
Fig. 2 A diagrammatic, three-dimensional view of three chills.
Fig. 3. A vertical section through a two-part casting mould in the vicinity of two facing chills.
Fig. 1 shows part of the pattern of a shaft 1 with projecting parts 2, 3, 4, which are in this case cam disks, used on the finished camshaft for controlling the admission and exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine. The projecting parts 5, 6 shown on the shaft pattern are e.g.
bearing parts, which have a larger diameter than the base diameter 7 of the shaft pattern 1 and which are mounted in the casting mould by mould sand. The projecting parts 5, 6 have a circular diameter, which is larger than the base diameter 7 of the shaft of pattern 1 or the camshaft.
On the projecting parts 2, 3, 4 are placed metal chills 8, 9, 10, which form part of the casting mould during the production of the latter. The chills 8, 9, 10 can be individual moulds, as shown in Fig. 1, or can form part of a group, cf. Fig. 2, in which the chills 8, 9, 10 are interconnected by a web 14.
Between the inner contour of chills ~, 9, 10 and the outer contour of the projecting parts 2, 3, 4 it is necessary to respect a given clearance 15, which is shown on larger scale with respect to chill 2. As a result of this gap between the projecting part and the chill it is possible for sand grains to enter and the latter can subsequently lead to surface faults or defects on the cast camshaft.
As it is an important aim of the present invention to minimize material allowances, the first problem thereof is the need to prevent the formation of surface faults or defects on the projecting parts of the camshaft in the form of cam disks. Thus, after removing the material allowance, there must be a perfect surface following the finish machining of the cast camshaft.
It has surprisingly been found that the surface faults occurring on the cam disks can be largely avoided if sealing means 16 are provided on the projecting parts in the shaft pattern 1 and which serve to close the gap resulting from clearance 15 between the outer contour or projectinq parts 2, 3, 4 and the inner contour of chills 8, 9, 10.
The sealing means 16 can be constructed in different ways. They are so arranged on the projecting parts that at the most a small, uncovered pattern part 17 is left behind and at the most amounts to roughly 2 mm.
In the case of chill 8 the sealing means are two O-rings 18 made from a relatively soft elastomer. In the case of the chill 9 the sealing means is a flat packing 19, which is also made from a relatively soft elastomer. In the case of chill 10 the sealing means is a lip-type packing 20. As in the case of the O-ring seal 18, two such lip packings 20 are used for sealing the two ends of the gap 15. At the time of casting the pattern, the removal of the latter is accompanied by that of the sealing means 16.
Fig. 2 shows that the chills 8, 9, 10 form part of a ~~ chill group, which need not be restricted to three such chills and can also include further chills. The advantage of using such a group is that handling is facilitated on casting the casting mould.
Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows a further measure for avoiding material allowances. The pattern which is used for the production of the normally two-part casting mould, is also constructed in the form of a two-part pattern, in each case one half being fixed to a pattern plate. The plane through the longitudinal axis 22 of the camshaft is normally chosen as the parting face 21. Fig. 3 shows two chill halves 23, 24 for the two casting mould halves serving as the mould for the production of one of the said projecting parts 2, 3, 4. As these projecting parts are generally cam disks, which have an eccentric portion not located in the parting plane 21, the upper chill half 23 must have an inner contour 25 at this point, which permits the chill half to be placed on the pattern. The lower chill half 24 consequently receives an inner contour 26. These two contour portions 25, 26 of the chill inner contour differ from the cam disk outer contour 27, so that a relatively large material allowance occurs on casting.
This material allowance can be avoided in that the separating face is displaced in parallel out of the plane through the longitudinal axis 22 of the camshaft to such an extent that said surface 28 intersects the point 29 of the cam disk contour with a vertical tangent. This makes it possible to avoid the relatively large material allowance resulting from the two inner ccntour portions 25, 26 of the two chill halves 32, 24.
When using chills, it is known that on the surface of the casting flow or stretcher lines, so-called frosting can occur. Another defect occurring in the vicinity of the surface of castings is a so-called cold shut. Therefore these faults require a certain minimum allowance during casting, so that they can be removed during the following machining. It is therefore an aim of the invention to avoid frosting and cold shuts by corresponding measures.
It has surprisingly been found that the aforementioned surface faults can be largely avoided if the part 31 of chill 8, 9, 10 forming the circumferential surface of the projecting parts 2, 3, 4 is given a waffle-like groove system 30, as shown in Fig. 2. This relatively simple solution makes it possible to greatly reduce surface faults on said part 31.
As a result of the above-described measures of sealing and grooving the chill inner face, as well as the per se known displacement of the parting face of the pattern or casting mould, it is possible to reduce the material allowance desirable in order to reduce and shorten machining, e.g. grinding, without problems occurring in connection with the necessary surface quality due to surface faults or defects.
Claims (10)
1. A method for casting a thin shaft comprising a pattern of projections selected from eccentric bearing and cam parts, wherein the casting, by means of at least one chill placed in the casting mould, produces desired material properties, said method comprising providing on each chill or on each projection of the pattern and cooperating with a corresponding chill sealing means with which, with the manufacture of the casting mould, the penetration of sand into a chill cavity and, with the casting of the casting mould, the occurrence of faults at the circumferential-side surface of the projections as well as larger material additions at the projections are avoided.
2. The method of Claim 1, wherein the sealing means are arranged on the circumferential faces of the projections to close gaps between the pattern of projections and the corresponding chills.
3. The method of Claim 2, wherein the sealing means are provided with waffle-like corrugations to cooperate with the circumferential faces.
4. The method of Claim 1, wherein each chill is placed level with a vertical tangent of the projection.
5. Pattern for the moulding of a casting mould for carrying out the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, which is constructed as a two-part pattern with at least one chill for the moulding of the projections, wherein a part of the chill forming the circumferential face of the projection is closed by means of a seal arranged on the pattern of the shaft and is provided with a waffle-like corrugation.
6. Pattern according to Claim 5, wherein a separating face between chill halves of the chill abuts the part of the chill forming the projection and is offset parallel to a separating plane of the pattern lying in the longitudinal axis of the shaft.
7. Pattern according to Claim 5, wherein the sealing means is arranged with 2 mm at most clearance from the side walls of the projection.
8. Pattern according to Claim 7, wherein the sealing means is a soft seal lying in the circumferential face of the projections.
9. Pattern according to Claim 8, wherein the sealing means is an O-ring or a lip seal.
10. Pattern according to Claim 7, wherein the sealing means is a flat seal which extends over the entire circumferential face of the projections.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH4526/88A CH677626A5 (en) | 1988-12-06 | 1988-12-06 | |
| CH4526/88-9 | 1988-12-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2003962A1 true CA2003962A1 (en) | 1990-06-06 |
Family
ID=4277739
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002003962A Abandoned CA2003962A1 (en) | 1988-12-06 | 1989-11-27 | Process and casting mould for casting shafts |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0401311B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH03502553A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR910700107A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8907221A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2003962A1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH677626A5 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2017878A6 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR1000539B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990006197A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1727565A (en) * | 1928-03-09 | 1929-09-10 | Wilcox Rich Corp | Chill plate for use in molding tappet heads |
| GB8403355D0 (en) * | 1984-02-08 | 1984-03-14 | Clancy Ltd G | Castings |
| JPH0675745B2 (en) * | 1984-09-27 | 1994-09-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Partial chilled cast iron casting mold |
| GB2175521A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1986-12-03 | Perkins Engines Group | Manufacture of metal castings having chill-hardened zones |
-
1988
- 1988-12-06 CH CH4526/88A patent/CH677626A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-07-19 WO PCT/CH1989/000136 patent/WO1990006197A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-07-19 BR BR898907221A patent/BR8907221A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-19 KR KR1019900701704A patent/KR910700107A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-07-19 JP JP1507605A patent/JPH03502553A/en active Pending
- 1989-07-19 EP EP89907655A patent/EP0401311B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-27 CA CA002003962A patent/CA2003962A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-12-05 ES ES8904146A patent/ES2017878A6/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-06 GR GR890100808A patent/GR1000539B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR890100808A (en) | 1991-03-15 |
| JPH03502553A (en) | 1991-06-13 |
| EP0401311A1 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
| EP0401311B1 (en) | 1992-12-16 |
| BR8907221A (en) | 1991-03-05 |
| CH677626A5 (en) | 1991-06-14 |
| ES2017878A6 (en) | 1991-03-01 |
| KR910700107A (en) | 1991-03-13 |
| WO1990006197A1 (en) | 1990-06-14 |
| GR1000539B (en) | 1992-08-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |