CA1341203C

CA1341203C - Eukaryotic fusion proteins, containing interleukin-2 sequences

Info

Publication number: CA1341203C
Application number: CA000523857A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Paul Habermann; Friedrich Wengenmayer
Original assignee: Hoechst AG
Current assignee: Hoechst AG
Priority date: 1985-11-27
Filing date: 1986-11-26
Publication date: 2001-03-13
Anticipated expiration: 2018-03-13
Also published as: FI93471C; ES2032378T3; FI864798A0; JPS62143696A; NO176481C; NO176481B; DK568586A; IE59488B1; GR3005042T3; DE3650396D1; EP0468539A1; DE3684892D1; FI93471B; AU6569386A; ES2073081T3; PT83813A; KR870005098A; NO864759D0; PT83813B; ATE122397T1

Abstract

An "open reading frame" composed of the DNA which codes for interleukin-2 (IL-2) is suitable for the preparation of fusion proteins. A part-sequence of the DNA which approximately corresponds to the first 100 amino acids of IL-2 is adequate for this purpose. The gene for the desired protein can be placed upstream or downstream of the open reading frame. Fusion proteins which are sparingly soluble or insoluble are obtained and can readily be separated from the soluble proteins intrinsic to the host.

Description

HOECHST AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT HOE 85/F 263 Dr. KL/ml The invention relates to an "open reading frame" from a DNA which codes for interleukin-2, and to the use of this DNA as an aid for the expression of peptides and proteins.
In the preparation of eukaryotic proteins by genetic engineering, the yield obtained in bacteria is frequently only low, especially in the case of small proteins which have a molecular weight up to about 15,000 Daltons and whose structures contain disulfide bridges. It is assumed that the proteins which have been produced are rapidly degraded by proteases intrinsic to the host. For this reason, it is expedient to construct gene structures which code for fusion proteins, the undesired section of the fusion protein being a protein which is intrinsic to the host and which, after isolation of the primary product, is cleaved off by methods known per se.
It had now been found, surprisingly, that an N-terminal section of interleukin-2 which essentially corresponds to the first 100 amino acids is especially well suited for the preparation of fusion proteins. Thus, the primary product obtained is a fusion protein which is composed entirely or very predominantly of eukaryotic protein sequences. Surprisingly, this protein is apparently not recognized as foreign protein in the relevant host organism, nor is it immediately degraded again. Another advantage is that the fusion proteins according to the invention are sparingly soluble or insoluble and thus can straightforwardly be removed from the soluble proteins, expediently by centrifugation.
Since it is unimportant according to the invention for the function of the fusion protein as "ballast section" whether the interleukin-2 section represents a biologically active molecule, nor is the exact structure of the interleukin-2 13412p3 section of importance either. For this purpose it is suf-ficient that essentially the first 100 N-terminal amino acids are present. Thus, it is possible, for example,. to undertake at the N-terminal end modifications which allow cleavage of the fusion protein if the desired protein is located N-terminal thereto. Conversely, it is possible to undertake C-terminal modifications in order to make it possible or easier to cleave off the desired protein if -as customary - the latter is C-terminal bonded in the fusion protein.
The natural DNA sequence coding for human interleukin-2, "IL-2" in the text which follows, is known from the Euro-pean Patent Application with the Publication No. EP-A1-0,091,539. The literature cited there also relates to IL-2 from mice and rats. This mammalian DNA can be used for the synthesis of the proteins according to the inven-tion. However, it is more expedient to start from a syn-thetic DNA, and especially advantageously from the DNA for human IL-2 which has been proposed in the (non-prior-published) German Offenlegungsschrift 3,419,995 (cor-responding to the European Patent Application published under the No. 0,163,249). This synthetic DNA sequence is depicted in the appendix (DNA sequence I). This synthetic DNA not only has the advantage that its choice of codons is suited to the circumstances in the host which is used most often, E. coli, but it also contains a number of cleavage sites for restriction endonucleases which can be utilized according to the invention. Table 1 which follows gives a selection of the suitable cleavage sites at the start and in the region of the 100th triplet.
However, this does not rule out the possibility of undertaking modifications in DNA in the intermediate region, it being possible to make use of the other cleavage sites listed in the abovementioned patent application.

Restriction Recognition Position of the first enzyme sequence nucleotide of the recognition sequence (coding strand) 5' 3' Aha II, Ban I, Hae II, Nar I, GGCGCC 8 Ban II, Sac I, Sst I GAGCTC 291 Hha I GCGC 9 Hinf I GACTC 35 Pvu I CGATCG 346 Taq I TCGA 387 If use is made of the nucleases Ban II, Sac I or Sst I
then an IL-2 part-sequence which codes for about 95 amino acids is obtained. This length is generally sufficient to obtain an insoluble fusion protein. If the solubility is still insufficiently low, for example in the case of a desired hydrophilic eukaryotic protein, but it is not intended to make use of the cleavage sites located nearer to the C-terminal end - in order to produce as little "ballast" as possible - then it is possible to extend the DNA sequence at the N- and/or C-terminal end, by appropri-ate adaptors or linkers, and thus "tailor" the "ballast"
section. Of course, it is also possible to use the DNA
sequence - more or less - right up to the end and thus generate IL-2 which is biologically active, and optionally modified, as a "byproduct" or generate a bifunctional pro-tein which has the action of IL-2 in addition to the action of the coded protein.
Thus the invention relates to fusion proteins of the general formula Met - X - Y - Z or Met - Z - Y - X
(Ia) (Ib) in which X essentially denotes the amino acid sequence of approxi-mately the first 100 amino acids of, preferably, human IL-2, Y denotes a direct bond if the amino acid or amino acid sequence adjacent to the desired protein allows the desired protein to be cleaved off, or otherwise denotes a bridging element which is composed of one or more genetically codable amino acids and permits the cleavage off, and Z is a sequence of genetically codable amino acids repre-senting the desired protein.
As is evident from the formulae Ia and Ib - and as has already been mentioned above - it is possible to bring about the expression of the desired protein upstream or downstream of the IL-2 section. For simplicity, in the following text essentially the first option, which cor-responds to the conventional method for the preparation of fusion proteins, will be illustrated. Thus, although this "classic" variant is described below, this is not intended to rule out the other alternative.
The fusion protein can be cleaved chemically or enzymati-cally in a manner known per se. The choice of the suit-able method depends in particular on the amino acid se-quence of the desired protein. For example, if the latter contains no methionine, Y can denote Met and then chemical cleavage with cyanogen chloride or bromide is carried out.
If there is cysteine at the carboxyl terminal end of the Linking element Y, or if Y represents Cys, then an enzy-matic cysteine-specific cleavage or a chemical cleavage, for example after specific S-cyanylation, can be carried out. If there is tryptophan at the carboxyl terminal end of the bridging element Y, or if Y represents Trp, then chemical cleavage with N-bromosuccinimide can be carried out.

Proteins which do not contain Asp - Pro in their amino acid sequence and are sufficiently stable to acid can be cleaved proteolytically in a manner known per se.
This results in proteins which contain N-terminal proline and C-terminal aspartic acid respectively. It is thus also possible in this way to synthesize modified proteins.
The Asp-Pro bond can be made more labile to acid if this bridging element is (Asp>n-Pro or Glu-(Asp)n-Pro, n denoting 1 to 3.
Examples of enzymatic cleavages are likewise known, it also being possible to make use of modified enzymes with improved specificity (cf. C.S. Craik et al., Science 228 (1985) 291-297). If the desired eukaryotic peptide is proinsulin, then it is expedient to choose as sequence Y
a peptide sequence in which an amino acid which can be cleaved off with trypsin (Arg, Lys) is bonded to the N-terminal amino acid (Phe) of proinsulin, for example Ala-Ser-Met-Thr-Arg, since it is then possible to carry out the arginine-specific cleavage with the protease trypsin.
If the desired protein does not contain the amino acid sequence Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg, then the fusion protein can be cleaved with factor Xa (European Patent Applications with the Publication Nos.
0,025,190 and 0,161,973).
The fusion protein is obtained by expression in a suitable expression system in a manner known per se. Suitable for this purpose are all known host vector systems, that is to say, for example, mammalian cells and microorganisms, for example yeasts and, preferably, bacteria, in particular E. coli.
The DNA sequence which codes for the desired protein is incorporated in a known manner in a vector which ensures satisfactory expression in the selected expression system.
In bacterial hosts it is expedient to choose the promotor and operator from the group lac, tac, trp, P~ or PR of phage ~, hsp, omp or a synthetic promotor as proposed in, for example, German Offenlegungsschrift 3,430,683 (Euro-pean Patent Application with the Publication No. 0,173,149).
The tac promotor-operator sequence is advantageous and is now commercially available (for example expression vector pKK223-3, Pharmacia, "Molecular Biologicals, Chemicals and Equipment for Molecular Biology", 1984, page 63).
It may prove expedient in the expression of the fusion protein according to the invention to modify some of the triplets for the first few amino acids downstream of the ATG start codon in order to prevent any base-pairing at the mRNA level. Modifications of this type, as well as modi-fications, deletions or additions of individual amino acids in the IL-2 protein section, are familiar to the expert and the invention likewise relates to them.
The invention is illustrated in detail in the examples which follow and in the figures. In these, Figure 1, and its continuation Figure 1a, relate to the synthesis of the plasmid pK360 which codes for a fusion protein which has the hirudin sequence;
Figure 2, and its continuation Figure 2a, relate to the synthesis of the plasmid pK410 which likewise codes for a fusion protein having the amino acid sequence of hirudin, Figure 3, and its continuations Figures 3a to 3c, relate to the construction of the plasmids pPH15, 16, 20 and 30 which code for fusion proteins which contain the amino acid _ 7 _ sequence of monkey proinsulin, Figure 4 relates to the synthesis of the plasmid pPH100 which codes for a fusion protein having the amino acid sequence of hirudin, Figure 5, and its continuation Figure 5a, relate to the construction of the plasmid pK370 which codes for a fusion protein having the amino acid sequence of hirudin, and Figure 6, and its continuation Figure ba, relate to the synthesis of the plasmid pKH101 which codes for a fusion protein having the amino acid sequence of monkey proinsulin.
In general, the figures are not drawn to scale; in par-ticular, the scale has been "stretched" in depicting the polylinkers.
cYeMOi c The plasmid pJF118 (1) is obtained by insertion of the lac repressor (P. J. Farabaugh, Nature 274 (1978) 765-769) into the plasmid pKK 177-3 (Amann et al., Gene 25 (1983) 167) (Fig. 1; cf. German Patent Application P 35 26 995.2, Example 6, Fig. 6). pJF118 is opened at the unique restriction site for Ava I and is shortened by about 1,000 by in a manner known per se by exonuclease treatment.
Ligation results in the plasmid pEW 1000 (2) (Figure 1) in which the lac repressor gene is fully retained but which, by reason of the shortening, is present in a dis-tinctly higher copy number than the starting plasmid.
In place of the plasmid pKK177-3, it is also possible to start from the abovementioned commercially available plas-mid pKK223-3, to incorporate the lac repressor, and to shorten the resulting product analogously.
The plasmid pEW 1000 (2) is opened with the restriction enzymes EcoR I and Sal I (3).

_8-The plasmid (4) which codes for hirudin and has been pre-pared as in German Offenlegungsschrift 3,429,430 (Euro-pean Patent Application with the Publication No. 0,171,024>, Example 4 (Figure 3>, is opened with the restriction en-zymes Acc I and Sal I, and the small fragment (5) which mostly contains the hirudin sequence is isolated.
The plasmid p159/6 (6), prepared as in German Offenlegungs-schrift 3,419,995 (European Patent Application with the Publication No. 0,1b3,249), Example 4 (Figure 5), is opened with the restriction enzymes Eco RI and Pvu I, and the small fragment (7) which contains most of the IL-2 sequence is isolated. This part-sequence and other shortened IL-2 sequences in the text which follows are identified by "~IL2" in the figures.
Thereafter the sequences (3), C5), (7> and the synthetic DNA sequence (8; Figure 1a) are treated with T4 ligase.
The plasmid pK3b0 (9) is obtained.
Competent E. coli cells are transformed with the ligation product and plated out on NA plates which contain 25 ug/ml ampicillin. The plasmid DNA of the clones is character-ized by restriction and sequence analysis.
An overnight culture of E. coli cells which contain the plasmid (9) is diluted in the ratio of approximately 1:100 with LB medium (J. H. Miller, Experiments in Molecu-lar Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1972) which contains 50 ug/ml ampicillin, and the growth is monitored by measurement of the OD. When the OD is 0.5, the shake culture is adjusted to 1 mM isopropyl S-galactopyrano-side (IPTG) and, after 150 to 180 minutes, the bacteria are spun down. The bacteria are boiled in a buffer mix-ture (7M urea, 0.1% SDS, 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0>
for 5 minutes, and samples are applied to a SDS gel electro-phoresis plate. Bacteria which contain the plasmid (9) provide after electrophoresis a protein band which corres-ponds to the size of the expected fusion protein.

Disruption of the bacteria (French Press; (R)Dyno mill) and centrifugation results in the fusion protein being lo-cated in the sediment so that considerable amounts of the other proteins can now be removed with the supernatant.
After isolation of the fusion protein, cleavage with cyanogen bromide results in Liberation of the expected hirudin peptide. The latter is characterized after isolation by protein sequence analysis.
The indicated induction conditions apply to shake cultures;
with larger fermentations appropriately modified OD values and, where appropriate, slight changes in the IPTG con-centrations are expedient.

The plasmid (4) (Figure 1) is opened with Acc I, and the protruding ends are filled in with Klenow polymerase.
Then cleavage with Sac I is carried out, and the fragment (10) which contains most of the hirudin sequence is iso-lated.
The commercially available vector pUC 13 is opened with the restriction enzymes Sac I and Sma I, and the large fragment (11) is isolated.
Using T4 ligase, the fragments (10) and (11) are now li-gated to give the plasmid pK 400 (12) (Fig. 2). The plas-mid (12> is shown twice in Figure 2, the lower representa-tion emphasizing the amino acid sequence of the hirudin derivative which can thus be obtained.
The plasmid (4) (Figure 1) is opened with the restriction enzymes Kpn I and Sal I, and the small fragment (13) which contains the hirudin part-sequence is isolated.
The plasmid (12) is reacted with the restriction enzymes Hinc II and Kpn I, and the small fragment (14) which con-tains the hirudin part-sequence is isolated.

The plasmid (9) (Figure 1a) is partially cleaved with EcoR I, the free ends are subjected to a fill-in reaction with Klenow polymerase, and Sal I cleavage is carried out.
The derivative (15) of the plasmid pK360 is obtained.
S Ligation of the fragments (3), (13), (14) and (15) results in the plasmid pK410 (16) which is shown twice in Figure 2a, the lower representation showing the amino acid se-quence of the fusion protein and thus that of the hirudin derivative obtained after acid cleavage.
Expression and working up as in Example 1 results in a new hirudin derivative which has the amino acids proline and histidine in positions 1 and 2. This hirudin derivative has the same activity as the natural product, according to German Offenlegungsschrift 3,429,430, which has the amino acids threonine and tyrosine in these positions, but is more stable to attack by aminopeptidases, which may result in advantages for in vivo use.
CYSMPI F
The commercially available vector pBR 322 is opened with Bam H I, this resulting in the linearized plasmid (17).
The free ends are partially filled in by use of dATP, dGTP
and dTTP, and the protruding nucleotide G is split off with S1 nuclease, this resulting in the pBR 322 derivative (18>.
The Hae III fragment (19) from monkey proinsulin (Wetekam et al., Gene 19 (1982) 181) is ligated with the modified plasmid (18), this resulting in the plasmid pPH 1 (20).
Since the insulin part-sequence has been inserted into the tetracycline resistance gene, the clones which contain this plasmid are not resistant to tetracycline and thus can be identified.
The plasmid (20) is opened with Bam HI and Dde I, and the small fragment (21) is isolated.

In addition, the Dde I-Pvu II part-sequence (22) from the monkey proinsulin sequence is isolated.
The vector pBR 322 is opened with Bam HI and Pvu II, and the linearized plasmid (23) is isolated.
Ligation of the insulin part-sequences (21) and (22) with the opened plasmid (23> results in the plasmid pPHS (24>.
The latter is opened with Bam HI and Pvu II, and the small fragment (25) is isolated.
The DNA sequence (26) to make up the insulin structure is synthesized.
The commercially available vector pUC 8 is opened with the enzymes Bam HI and Sal I, and the remainder of the plasmid (27) is isolated. The latter is ligated with the DNA
sequences (25) and (26) to give the plasmid pPH 15 (28).
The latter is opened with Sal I and the protruding ends are filled in. Bam HI is used to cleave the DNA sequence (30) off the resulting plasmid derivative (29).
The commercially available vector pUC 9 is opened with the enzymes Bam HI and Sma I, and the large fragment (31) is isolated. The latter is ligated with the DNA sequence (30), this resulting in the plasmid pPH16 (32).
The plasmid (32> is opened with Sal I, and the linearized plasmid (33> is partially filled in with dCTP, dGTP and dTTP, and the remaining nucleotide T is cleaved off with S1 nuclease. The resulting plasmid derivative (34) is treated with Sam HI, and the protruding single strand is removed from the product (35) with S1 nuclease, this re-sulting in the plasmid derivative (36).
The blunt ends of the plasmid derivative (35) are cyclized to give the plasmid pPH 20 (37).
Competent E. coli Hb 101 cells are transformed with the ~3~~zo3 ligation mixture and plated out on selective medium. Clones which contain the desired plasmid express proinsulin, and 28 of 70 clones tested radioimmunologically contained de-tectable proinsulin. The plasmids are also characterized by DNA sequence analysis. They contain DNA which codes for arginine upstream of the codon for the first amino acid of the B chain (Phe).
The plasmid (37) is cleaved with Hind III, the protruding ends are filled in, and then cleavage with Dde I is car-vied out. The small fragment (38) is isolated.
The plasmid (28) (Figure 3a) is cleaved with Sal I and Dde I, and the small fragment (39) is separated off.
The plasmid (9) (Figure 1a) is initially cleaved with Acc I, the free ends are filled in, and then partial cleavage with Eco RI is carried out. The fragment (40) which con-tains the shortened IL-2 sequence is isolated.
The linearized plasmid (3) (Figure 1) and the DNA segments (38), (39) and (40) are now ligated to give the plasmid pPH 30 (41). This plasmid codes for a fusion protein which has, downstream of amino acids 1 to 114 of IL-2, the fol-lowing amino acid sequence:
Asp-Phe-Met-Ile-Thr-Thr-Tyr-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Gly-Arg.
The arginine which is the last amino acid in this bridging element Y makes it possible to cleave off the insulin chains with trypsin.
It is also possible starting from plasmid (9) (Figure 1a) to obtain plasmid (41) by the following route:
(9) is opened with Acc I, the protruding ends are filled in, then cleavage with Sal I is carried out, and the re-suiting plasmid derivative (42) is ligated with the seg-ments (3), (38) and (39).

cYeMai G 4 The plasmid (6) (Figure 1> is opened with the restriction enzymes Taq I and Eco RI, and the small fragment (43) is isolated. This fragment is ligated with the synthesized DNA sequence (44) and the segments (3) and (5) to give the plasmid pPH 100 (45). This plasmid codes for a fusion protein in which the first 132 amino acids of IL-2 are followed by the bridging element Asp-Pro and then by the amino acid sequence of hirudin. Thus proteolytic cleavage provides a modified, biologically active IL-2' which con-tains Asp in place of Thr in position 133, and a hirudin derivative which contains an N-terminal Pro upstream of the amino acid sequence of the natural product. This product is also biologically active and, compared with the natural product, is more stable to attack by proteases.
The IL-2' hirudin fusion protein also has biological activ-ity:
Biological activity was found in a cell proliferation test using an IL-2-dependent cell line (CTLL2).
Furthermore, after denaturation in 6 M guanidinium hydro-chloride solution followed by renaturation in buffer solu-tion (10 mM tris-HCI, pH 8.5, 1 mM EDTA), high IL-2 acti-vity was found. In addition, the coagulation time of acid-treated blood to which thrombin had been added was in-creased after addition of the fusion protein.
Thus a bifunctional fusion protein is obtained.
cYeMm c S
The commercially available vector pUC 12 is opened with the restriction enzymes Eco RI and Sac I. Into this linear-ized plasmid <46) is inserted an IL-2 part-sequence which has been cleaved out of the plasmid (6) (Figure 1) with the restriction enzymes Eco RI and Sac I. This sequence (47) comprises the complete triplets for the first 94 amino acids of IL-2. Ligation of (46) and (47) results in the plasmid pK 300 (48>.
The plasmid (9) (Figure 1a) is opened with Eco RI, the protruding ends are filled in, and then cleavage with Hind III is carried out. The small fragment (49) which contains part of the polylinker from pUC 12 downstream of the DNA sequence coding for hirudin is isolated.
The plasmid (48) is opened with the restriction enzymes Sma I and Hind III, and the large fragment (50) is iso-fated. Ligation of (50> with (49) results in the plasmid pK 301 (51>.
The ligation mixture is used to transform competent E.
coli 294 cells. Clones which contain the plasmid (51) are characterized by restriction analysis. They contain DNA
in which the codons for the first 96 amino acids of IL-2 are followed by codons for a bridging element of 6 amino acids and, thereafter, the codons for hirudin.
The plasmid (51) is reacted with Eco RI and Hind III, and the fragment (52) which contains the DNA sequence for the said eukaryotic fusion protein is isolated.
The plasmid (2) (Figure 1) is opened with Eco RI and Hind III. The resulting linearized plasmid (53) is ligated with the DNA sequence (52), this resulting in the plasmid pK 370 (54).
When expression of the plasmid (54) is effected in E. coli as in Example 1, the fusion protein obtained has the first 96 amino acids of IL-2 followed by the bridging element Ala-Gln-Phe-Met-Ile-Thr and, thereafter, the amino acid sequence of hirudin.

Using the restriction enzymes Eco RI and Hind III, the DNA
segment which codes for monkey proinsulin is cleaved out of the plasmid (41) (Example 3; Figure 3c), and the pro-s truding ends are filled in. The DNA segment (55) is ob-tained.
The plasmid (48) (Example 5, Figure 5) is opened with Sma I and treated with bovine alkaline phosphatase. The resulting linearized plasmid (56) is ligated with the DNA
segment (SS), this resulting in the plasmid pK 302 (57).
E. coli 294 cells are transformed with the ligation mix-ture, and clones containing the desired plasmid are charac-terized first by restriction analysis and then by sequence analysis of the plasmid DNA.
Using Eco RI and Hind III, the segment (58) which codes for IL-2 and monkey proinsulin is cleaved out of the plasmid (57).
The plasmid (2) (Example 1, Figure 1) is likewise cleaved with Eco RI and Hind III, and the segment (58) is ligated into the linearized plasmid (3). The plasmid pKH 101 (59) is obtained.
Expression as in Example 1 results in a fusion protein in which the first 96 amino acids of IL-2 are followed by a bridging element of 14 amino acids (corresponding to Y in DNA segment (5$)), which is followed by the amino acid sequence of monkey proinsulin.

APPENDIX I: DNA sequence of interleukin-2 Triplet No. 0 1 2 Amino acid Met Ala Pro Nucleotide No. 1 10 Cod. strand 5' AA TTC ATG GCG CCG

Non-cod. strand 3' G TAC CGC GGC

3 4 5 6 ? 8 9 10 11 12 Thr Ser Ser Ser Thr Lys Lys Thr Gln Leu ACC TCT TCT TCT ACC AAA AAG ACT CAA CTG

TGG AGA AGA AGA TGG TTT TTC TGA GTT GAC

13 14 15 16 1? 18 19 20 21 22 Gln Leu Glu His Leu Leu Leu Asp Leu Gln 5p 60 ?0 CAA CTG GAA CAC CTG CTG CTG GAC CTG CAG

GTT GAC CTT GTG GAC GAC GAC CTG GAC GTC

23 24 25 26 2? 28 29 30 31 32 Met Ile Leu Asn Gly Ile Asn Asn Tyr Lys ATG ATC CTG AAC GGT ATC AAC AAC TAC AAA

TAC TAG GAC TTG CCA TAG TTG TTG ATG TTT

Asn Pro Lys Leu Thr Arg Met Leu Thr Phe AAC CCG AAA CTG ACG CGT ATG CTG ACC TTC

TTG GGC TTT GAC TGC GCA TAC GAC TGG AAG

-,7-43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 5, 52 Irys Phe Tyr Met Pro Zys Zys Ala Thr Glu AAA TTC TAC ATG CCG AAA AAA GCT ACC GAA

TTT AAG ATG TAC GGC TTT TTT CGA TGG CTT

53 54 55 56 5? 58 5g 60 61 62 Leu Zys His I,eu Gln Cys Zeu Glu Glu Glu 1?0 180 190 CTG AAA CAC CTC CAG TGT CTA GAA GAA GAG

GAC TTT GTG GAG GTC ACA GAT CTT CTT CTC

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 ?1 72 Zeu Zys Pro I~eu Glu Glu dal Zeu Asn Zeu CTG AAA CCG CTG GAG GAA GTT CTG AAC CTG

GAC TTT GGC GAC CTC CTT CAA GAC TTG GAC

?3 ?4 ?5 ?6 7? ?e ?9 80 81 82 Ala Gln Ser I,ys Asn Phe His Zeu Arg Pro , 23p 240 250 GCT CAG TCT AAA AAT TTC CAC CTG CGT CCG

CGA GTC AGA TTT TTA AAG GTG GAC GCA GGC

g3 84 85 86 87 88 6g 90 91 92 Arg Asp I,eu Ile Ser Asn Ile Asn Yal Ile CGT GAC CTG ATC TCT AAC ATC AAC GTT ATC

GCA CTG GAC TAG AGA TTG TAG TTG CAA TAG

Val Leu Glu Ireu I,ys Gly Ser Glu Thr Thr GTT CTG GAG CTC AAA GGT TCT GAA ACC ACG

CAA GAC CTC GAG TTT CCA AGA CTT TGG TGC

~3412A3 Phe Met Cys Glu Tyr Ala Asp Glu Thr Ala TTC ATG TGC GAA TAC GCG GAC GAA ACT GCG

AAG TAC ACG CTT ATG CGC CTG CTT TGA CGC

113 114 115 116 11? 118 119 120 121 122 Thr Ile Val Glu Phe Zeu Asn Arg Trp Ile ACG ATC GTT GAA TTT CTG AAC CGT TGG ATC

TGC TAG CAA CTT AAA GAC TTG GCA ACC TAG

Thr Phe Cys Gln Ser Ile Ile Ser Thr Zeu ACC TTC TGC CAG TCG ATC ATC TCT ACC CTG

TGG AAG ACG GTC AGC TAG TAG AGA TGG GAC

Thr ACC TGA TAG 3' TGG ACT ATC AGC T 5'

Claims

1. A fusion protein which has a C- or N-terminal section which corresponds to the first 94 to 132 amino acids of interleukin-2.

2. A fusion protein of the formula Met - X - Y - Z or Met - Z - Y - X
(Ia) ~~~(Ib) in which X denotes the amino acid sequence of the first 94 to 132 amino acids of human interleukin-2, Y denotes a direct bond or a bridging element which is composed of genetically codable amino acids and which allows the amino acid sequence to be cleaved off and Z is a sequence of genetically codable amino acids.

3. A fusion protein as claimed in claim 2, wherein Y, adjacent to Z, contains Met, Cys, Trp, Arg or Lys, or consists of these amino acids.

4. A fusion protein as claimed in claim 2, wherein Y, adjacent to Z, contains the amino acid sequence Asp - Pro, or consists of this sequence.

5. A fusion protein as claimed in claim 2, wherein Z
denotes the amino acid sequence of proinsulin or of a hirudin.

6. A process for the preparation of a fusion protein as claimed in claim 1, which comprises expression of a gene structure coding for this protein in a host cell, and removal of the fusion protein.

7. A process for the preparation of a fusion protein as claimed in claim 2, which comprises expression of a gene structure coding for this protein in a host cell, and removal of the fusion protein.

8. The process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fusion protein is removed from the soluable proteins by centrifugation.

9. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fusion protein is removed from the soluable proteins by centrifugation.

10. The process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the host cell is a bacterium.

11. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the host cell is a bacterium.

12. The process as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the host cell is E. coli.

13. A gene structure coding for a fusion protein as claimed in claim 1.

14. A gene structure coding for a fusion protein as claimed in claim 2.

15. A vector containing a gene structure as claimed in claim 13.

16. A vector containing a gene structure as claimed in claim 14.

17. A plasmid selected from the group consisting of:
pEW1000, pK360, pK410, pPH30, pPH100, Pk370 and pKH101.

18. A host cell containing a vector as claimed in claim 15 or 16.

19. A hirudin derivative which has an amino acid sequence which starts with an N-terminal Pro.

20. A hirudin derivative as claimed in claim 19 whose amino acid sequence starts with N-terminal Pro-His or Pro-Thr.

21. A hirudin derivative having the sequence IL-2(1-114) Asp Phe Met Ile Thr Thr Tyr - (Hir 1-64).

22. A fusion protein as claimed in claim 5, wherein the hirudin has the sequence Asp - Pro - His - Thr - (Hir 1-64).

23. A fusion protein as claimed in claim 5, wherein the hirudin has the sequence Asp - Pro - Thr - Tyr - (Hir 1-64).

24. A fusion protein as claimed in claim 5, wherein the hirudin has the sequence Ala - Gln - Phe - Met - Ile Thr -(Hir 1-64).

25. A fusion protein which is composed of the first 94 to 132 amino acids of human IL-2 and hirudin and has both IL-2 activity and hirudin activity.

26. A process for the preparation of the protein which corresponds to the amino acid sequence Z as defined in claim 2, by subjecting the fusion protein as defined in claim 2 to chemical or enzymatic cleavage.

27. The use of the fusion protein as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5 for the preparation of the protein which corresponds to the amino acid sequence Z by chemical or enzymatic cleavage, wherein Z is a sequence of genetically codable amino acids.

28. The use of the fusion protein obtained as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5 for the preparation of the protein which corresponds to the amino acid sequence Z by chemical or enzymatic cleavage, wherein Z is a sequence of genetically codable amino acids.

29. The fusion protein as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5 for the use in the preparation of the protein which corresponds to the amino acid sequence Z by chemical or enzymatic cleavage.