CA1337780C - Antistatic and electrically conducting composition - Google Patents
Antistatic and electrically conducting compositionInfo
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- CA1337780C CA1337780C CA000616788A CA616788A CA1337780C CA 1337780 C CA1337780 C CA 1337780C CA 000616788 A CA000616788 A CA 000616788A CA 616788 A CA616788 A CA 616788A CA 1337780 C CA1337780 C CA 1337780C
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Abstract
The action of thermoplastic polymers to whose polymer backbone aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups are bonded via a group -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-OR2 2 -OCO- or -CO-O-, said aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups being substituted by Cl, Br and/or iodine in the .alpha.-, .beta.-, .gamma.- or .omega.-position, on an unsubstituted or substituted tetrathio-, tetraseleno- or tetratelluro-naphthalene or -tetracene contained in this polymer gives electrically conducting compositions by the formation of charge transfer complexes.
These compositions are suitable for the production of antistatic or electrically conducting mouldings, sheets, filaments, fibres, coatings and composites.
These compositions are suitable for the production of antistatic or electrically conducting mouldings, sheets, filaments, fibres, coatings and composites.
Description
Antistatic and electrically conducting composition This application is a second divisional application of application 612,781 filed on September 25th, 1989.
The invention of the parent application relates to a composition of a) a thermoplastic polymer containing active Cl, Br and/or I atoms, and b) a substituted or unsubstituted tetrathio-, tetraseleno- or tetratelluro-naphthalene or -tetracene or mixtures thereof, to a composition containing said polymer and a charge transfer complex (CT complex) of these naphthalenes and tetracenes and Cl, Br and/or I, to a process for the preparation of this composition and to the use thereof for the production of antistatic or electrically conducting mouldings, filaments, fibres, sheets, coatings and composites.
German patent application A-3005849 discloses electrically conducting moulding compounds consisting of a thermoplastic and a CT complex, these CT complexes being in the form of fibres or needles. Compounds containing N, 0 and/or S are used as electron donors and polycyano compounds are used as electron acceptors. The moulding compounds can be prepared by adding the acceptor to a polymer solution in which the donor is dissolved, and then evaporating off the solvent. In Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 56, no. 3, pages 355-368 ~1984), M.
Kryszewski et al. describe electrically conducting polymer compositions containing, as CT complexes, those consisting of tetrathiotetracene as electron donor and tetracyanoquinodimethane, tetracyanoethylene or chloranil as electron acceptor. The electrical conductivity of these systems is low on account of the relatively low conductivity of the pure CT complexes.
¢~
la 21489-7823E
The stability of the CT complexes with tetracyanoquinodimethane is low. It is known that these CT
complexes have to be stabilized against HCN elimination, q.v.
German patent application A-3335513.
The invention of the parent application relates to a composition of a) a thermoplastic polymer containing active Cl, Br and/or I atoms, and b) a substituted or unsubstituted tetrathio-, tetraseleno- or tetratelluro-naphthalene or -tetracene or mixtures thereof, to a composition containing said polymer and a charge transfer complex (CT complex) of these naphthalenes and tetracenes and Cl, Br and/or I, to a process for the preparation of this composition and to the use thereof for the production of antistatic or electrically conducting mouldings, filaments, fibres, sheets, coatings and composites.
German patent application A-3005849 discloses electrically conducting moulding compounds consisting of a thermoplastic and a CT complex, these CT complexes being in the form of fibres or needles. Compounds containing N, 0 and/or S are used as electron donors and polycyano compounds are used as electron acceptors. The moulding compounds can be prepared by adding the acceptor to a polymer solution in which the donor is dissolved, and then evaporating off the solvent. In Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 56, no. 3, pages 355-368 ~1984), M.
Kryszewski et al. describe electrically conducting polymer compositions containing, as CT complexes, those consisting of tetrathiotetracene as electron donor and tetracyanoquinodimethane, tetracyanoethylene or chloranil as electron acceptor. The electrical conductivity of these systems is low on account of the relatively low conductivity of the pure CT complexes.
¢~
la 21489-7823E
The stability of the CT complexes with tetracyanoquinodimethane is low. It is known that these CT
complexes have to be stabilized against HCN elimination, q.v.
German patent application A-3335513.
In Organometallics, 3, p. 732-735 (1984), J.C. Stark et al. describe peridichalcogenated polyacenes, certain salts of which possess a high electrical conductivity. Such halides are described in US patents 4 384 025 and 4 522 754, German Offenlegungsschriften 3 510 072 and 3 635 124 and European patent application A-O 153 905. These halides generally melt above 300C. They are also practically insoluble in organic solvents. Because of these properties, the halides can only be incorporated in the form of powders into polymers. Such polymer composi-tions have a very low electrical conductivity since the conducting particles are isolated in the polymer matrix.
me invention of the parent a~lication relates to a ccmposition co~rising a) a thermoplastic polymer soluble in an inert organic solvent, which contains aliphatic or cycloaliphatic side groups bonded to a polymer backbone via a group -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-OR22-OCO- or -CO-O-, said side groups containing at least one Cl, Br or I atom in the ~-, B-, r- or ~-position, R22 being C2-Cl2alkylene, C4-C12cycloalkylene, C4-C12cyclo-alkylene-CH2-, C4-C12cycloalkylene-(CH2)2-, benzylene or xylylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl, and b) a charge transfer complex (CT complex) formed of chlorine, bromine or iodine and a compound of formula I or Ia R1~ R3 ~ - ~
7 2- (I), l6 ll I .l 32-l (Ia), R2 ~ \R4 R6/ ~ \R8 or mixtures thereof, wherein X is S, Se or Te, Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are independently of the others a hydrogen atom or Cl, or Rl and R2, and R3 and R4, together are each ~ \ / \ or ~N\ /S\ or ~-/ \S/ ~N/ \S/
Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are each phenylthio, 4-methylphenylthio, 4-methoxy-phenylthio or pyrid-4-ylthio, and Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are independently of the others H or F, or Rs is CH3 and R6, R7 and R8 are H, or Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are CH3, or Rs and Rs are CH3 or Cl and R7 and R8 are H, or Rs and R6 are H, R7 is -COR9 and R8 is H or -CoR9, or Rs and Rs are H and R7 and R8 together are -CO-O-CO- or -CO-NRl-CO-, wherein R9 is halogen, -OH, -NHz, the radical of an alcohol or of a primary or secondary amine, or -OM, M being a cation, and Rl is H or the radical of a primary amine from which the NH2 group has been removed.
Component b) is preferably present in an amount of 0.01 to 20 % by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 10 ~O by weight and most preferably 0.1 to 5 % by weight, based on polymer a).
Some of the compounds of component b) and their preparation are described in the afore-mentioned publications. Preferred CT complexes of component b) are those formed of compounds of formula Ia and especially of tetra-thiotetracene, tetraselenotetracene or 2-fluoro- or 2,3-difluoro-tetra-selenotetracene.
The CT complex formed of Cl and a compound of formula Ia is especially preferred. The CT complex of component b) is (tetraselenotetracene)2Cl in particular.
In a preferred embodiment, the CT complex of component b) is in the form of a needle network of crystal needles.
The novel compounds of formula II or IIa Rl S \ ~ ~ Rl 5 Rl ~ Rl 3 i! ! (II), i! ! ! ! ! (IIa), Rl 6 / ~ \Rl 5 Rl 2 / \~ \Rl 4 wherein Rls and Rl 6 are each phenylthio, 4-methylphenylthio, 4-methoxy-phenylthio or pyrid-4-ylthio, or wherein Rls and Rl 6 together are _ 4 _ 1337780 ~-\ /S\ ~N\ /S\
i! or ! i!
~- S ~N S
R11 is -CH3 and R1 2, R13 and R14 are H, or R11 and R1 2 are Cl or CH3 and R13 and R14 are H, or R11, R1 2, Rl3 and R14 are -CH3 or F, and X is S, Se or Te can be prepared e.g. as described below:
a) Tetramethyltetracenes The known starting compounds 4,5-dimethylphthalic anhydride and 2,3-dimethyl-6,7-dihydroxynaphthalene are reacted in the presence of B203 to give 2,3,8,9-tetramethyl-5,12-dihydroxy-6,12-dioxotetracene (A). This reaction and the subsequent chlorination and reduction to give the pro-duct tetrachlorinated in the 5-, 6-, 11- and 12-positions are described in German Offenlegungsschrift 3635124. Reaction with Na2X2 yields the corresponding tetrachalcogenated tetracene. In a variant, 2,3,8,9-tetra-methyl-5,5,6,11,12,12-hexachlorodihydrotetracene (obtained on chlorina-tion with PCls/POCl3) can be reacted with 1 equivalent of Na2Se2 and 2 equivalents of Na2Se to give the corresponding tetraselenotetracene direct. Compound A can also be alkylated with dimethyl sulfate to give the 5,12-dimethoxy derivative [q.v. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 20(4), 827 (1972)]. Reaction of this derivative with P~S1o in tetrahydrofuran, followed by oxidation with Br2 and then reduction with TiCl3, yields 2,3,8,9-tetramethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrathiotetracene.
b) 2-Methyltetracenes 2-Methyl-5,12-dioxodihydrotetracene is obtained according to the instruc-tions in Chem. Ber. 64, 1713 (1931). Reduction with Zn in alkaline solu-tion yields 2-methyl-5,12-tetrahydrotetracene, which can be dehydro-genated with chloranil to give 2-methyltetracene. Reaction with S (see US
patent 3 723 417) gives 2-methyl-5,6,11,12-tetrathiotetracene. Another possibility is to prepare 2-methyl-5,6,11,12-tetrachlorotetracene as described in a) and react it with NazX2.
~ 33778~
c) Tetrafluorotetracenes According to the instructions in Chem. Ber. 31, 1159 and 1272 (1898), 2,3,8,9-tetrafluoro-5,12-dihydroxy-6,12-dioxotetracene (B) is obtained by condensing 2,3-difluorophthalic anhydride with succinic acid and then treating the condensation product with sodium ethylate in ethanol.
Further reaction with PCl5 and then with SnCl2/CH3COOH to give 2,3,8,9-tetrafluoro-5,6,11,12-tetrachlorotetracene is carried out analogously to the instructions in Zhuv. Org. Kim. 15(2), 391 (1979). Reaction with Na2X2 gives the corresponding 2,3,8,9-tetrafluorotetrachalcogenotetra-cenes. Reduction of compound B with Al in cyclohexanol yields 2,3,8,9-tetrafluorotetracene, which reacts with sulfur [see Bull. Soc. Chim. 15, 27 (1948)] to give 2,3,8,9-tetrafluoro-5,6,11,12-tetrathiotetracene.
d) Naphthalenes Starting from known 2,3,6,7-tetrachlorotetrachalcogenonaphthalenes (see US patent 3 769 276), it is possible to obtain the corresponding 2,3,6,7-substituted tetrachalcogenonaphthalenes by reaction with the potassium salts of thiophenol, 4-methylthiophenol, 4-methoxythiophenol, 4-mercapto-pyridine, 1,2-benzodithiol or pyrazine-2,3-dithiol.
e) Dimethyl- and dichloro-tetracenes The procedure is analogous to that described under a), except that 4,5-dimethyl- and 4,5-dichloro-phthalic anhydrides are reacted with 6,7-dihydroxynaphthalene as starting compounds and chlorination is carried out with PCls/POCl3.
In formulae I, Ia, II and IIa, X is preferably S or Se. R9 as halogen is especially chlorine.
In the radical -OM, M can be a metal or ammonium cation. Typical metal cations are especially those of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, e.g. Li , Na , K , Mg2 , Ca2 , Sr2 and Ba2 . Zn2 and Cd2 are also suitable. Examples of typical ammonium cations are NH4 and primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium, which can preferably contain Cl-C12alkyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl or benzyl groups. The ammonium cations can also be derived from 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic amines, e.g. piperidine, pyrrole and morpholine.
R9 as the radical of an alcohol is preferably Cl-csalkoxy or Cz-C6-hydroxyalkoxy, benzyloxy, phenoxy, cyclopentoxy or cyclohexyloxy.
R9 as the radical of a primary or secondary amine is preferably derivedfrom alkylamines containing one or two C1-C6alkyl groups.
Rl is preferably H, C1-Cl8alkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
Rl as alkyl preferably contains 1 to 12 and especially 1 to 6 C atoms.
Examples of alkyl, which can be linear or branched, are: methyl, ethyl,n- or i-propyl, n-, i- or t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and dodecyl.
Examples of alkoxy and hydroxyalkoxy are: methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexyloxy, B-hydroxyethoxy, r-hYdroxYpropoxy, ~-hydroxy-butoxy and ~-hydroxyhexyloxy.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition contains up to 95 % by weight, based on polymer a), of at least one thermoplastic or elastomeric polymer differing from component a). In particular, the composition contains up to 80 % by weight of the additional polymer.
The additional polymers are advantageously inert towards the compounds of component b). The polymers therefore preferably contain essentially no strongly acidic groups, e.g. carboxyl groups, or strongly basic groups, e.g. primary or secondary amine groups. The polymers can be e.g. thermo-plastics or elastomers.
In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymers are polymers of monoolefins and diolefins; copolymers of monoolefins and/or diolefins;
polystyrene, poly(p-methylstyrene) or poly(~-methylstyrene); copolymers - , 1 337780 of styrene or ~-methylstyrene; graft copolymers of styrene or ~-methyl-styrene; halogen-containing polymers; polymers and copolymers of deriva-tives of ~,B-unsaturated acids; polymers derived from acyl derivatives or acetates of unsaturated alcohols; homopolymers and copolymers of cyclic ethers; polyacetals; polyphenylene oxides and sulfides and mixtures thereof with styrene polymers; polyurethanes; polyureas; polyimides;
polybenzimidazoles; polycarbonates; polyesters; polyester-carbonates;
polysulfones; polyether-sulfones; polyether-ketones; polyvinylcarbazole;
polyadducts of unsubstituted or hydroxyalkylated epoxy compounds contain-ing an average of more than one epoxy group per molecule, and diols, primary monoamines, disecondary diamines, disecondary linear or cyclic dicarboxylic acid diamides or dicarboxylic acids; cellulose derivatives;
sulfur-crosslinked products derived from polymers containing double bonds; and mixtures of the afore-mentioned polymers.
Examples of polymers are:
1. Polymers of monoolefins and diolefins, for example polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybut-l-ene, polymethylpent-l-ene, polyisoprene or polybutadiene, and polymers of cycloolefins such as cyclopentene or norbornene, and also polyethylene, e.g. high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE) or linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE).
2. Mixtures of the polymers mentioned under 1), e.g. mixtures of poly-propylene with polyisobutylene and polypropylene with polyethylene (e.g.
PP/HDPE, PP/LDPE) and mixtures of different types of polyethylene (e.g.
LDPE/HDPE).
3. Copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins with one another or with other vinyl monomers, e.g. ethylene/propylene copolymers, propylene/but-1-ene copolymers, propylene/isobutylene copolymers, ethylene/but-l-ene copolymers, ethylene/hexene copolymers, ethylene/methylpentene copolymers, ethylene/heptene copolymers, ethylene/octene copolymers, propylene/butadiene copolymers, isobutylene/isoprene copolymers, ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene/alkyl methacrylate copolymers and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, and terpolymers of ethylene with propylene and a diene such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidenenorbornene, and also mixtures of such copolymers with one another and with polymers mentioned under 1), e.g. polypropylene with ethylene/propylene copolymers, LDPE with ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, LDPE with ethylene/acrylic acid ester copolymers, LLDPE with ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers and LLDPE with ethylene/acrylic acid ester copolymers.
4. Polystyrene, poly(p-methylstyrene) and poly(~-methylstyrene).
me invention of the parent a~lication relates to a ccmposition co~rising a) a thermoplastic polymer soluble in an inert organic solvent, which contains aliphatic or cycloaliphatic side groups bonded to a polymer backbone via a group -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-OR22-OCO- or -CO-O-, said side groups containing at least one Cl, Br or I atom in the ~-, B-, r- or ~-position, R22 being C2-Cl2alkylene, C4-C12cycloalkylene, C4-C12cyclo-alkylene-CH2-, C4-C12cycloalkylene-(CH2)2-, benzylene or xylylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl, and b) a charge transfer complex (CT complex) formed of chlorine, bromine or iodine and a compound of formula I or Ia R1~ R3 ~ - ~
7 2- (I), l6 ll I .l 32-l (Ia), R2 ~ \R4 R6/ ~ \R8 or mixtures thereof, wherein X is S, Se or Te, Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are independently of the others a hydrogen atom or Cl, or Rl and R2, and R3 and R4, together are each ~ \ / \ or ~N\ /S\ or ~-/ \S/ ~N/ \S/
Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are each phenylthio, 4-methylphenylthio, 4-methoxy-phenylthio or pyrid-4-ylthio, and Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are independently of the others H or F, or Rs is CH3 and R6, R7 and R8 are H, or Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are CH3, or Rs and Rs are CH3 or Cl and R7 and R8 are H, or Rs and R6 are H, R7 is -COR9 and R8 is H or -CoR9, or Rs and Rs are H and R7 and R8 together are -CO-O-CO- or -CO-NRl-CO-, wherein R9 is halogen, -OH, -NHz, the radical of an alcohol or of a primary or secondary amine, or -OM, M being a cation, and Rl is H or the radical of a primary amine from which the NH2 group has been removed.
Component b) is preferably present in an amount of 0.01 to 20 % by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 10 ~O by weight and most preferably 0.1 to 5 % by weight, based on polymer a).
Some of the compounds of component b) and their preparation are described in the afore-mentioned publications. Preferred CT complexes of component b) are those formed of compounds of formula Ia and especially of tetra-thiotetracene, tetraselenotetracene or 2-fluoro- or 2,3-difluoro-tetra-selenotetracene.
The CT complex formed of Cl and a compound of formula Ia is especially preferred. The CT complex of component b) is (tetraselenotetracene)2Cl in particular.
In a preferred embodiment, the CT complex of component b) is in the form of a needle network of crystal needles.
The novel compounds of formula II or IIa Rl S \ ~ ~ Rl 5 Rl ~ Rl 3 i! ! (II), i! ! ! ! ! (IIa), Rl 6 / ~ \Rl 5 Rl 2 / \~ \Rl 4 wherein Rls and Rl 6 are each phenylthio, 4-methylphenylthio, 4-methoxy-phenylthio or pyrid-4-ylthio, or wherein Rls and Rl 6 together are _ 4 _ 1337780 ~-\ /S\ ~N\ /S\
i! or ! i!
~- S ~N S
R11 is -CH3 and R1 2, R13 and R14 are H, or R11 and R1 2 are Cl or CH3 and R13 and R14 are H, or R11, R1 2, Rl3 and R14 are -CH3 or F, and X is S, Se or Te can be prepared e.g. as described below:
a) Tetramethyltetracenes The known starting compounds 4,5-dimethylphthalic anhydride and 2,3-dimethyl-6,7-dihydroxynaphthalene are reacted in the presence of B203 to give 2,3,8,9-tetramethyl-5,12-dihydroxy-6,12-dioxotetracene (A). This reaction and the subsequent chlorination and reduction to give the pro-duct tetrachlorinated in the 5-, 6-, 11- and 12-positions are described in German Offenlegungsschrift 3635124. Reaction with Na2X2 yields the corresponding tetrachalcogenated tetracene. In a variant, 2,3,8,9-tetra-methyl-5,5,6,11,12,12-hexachlorodihydrotetracene (obtained on chlorina-tion with PCls/POCl3) can be reacted with 1 equivalent of Na2Se2 and 2 equivalents of Na2Se to give the corresponding tetraselenotetracene direct. Compound A can also be alkylated with dimethyl sulfate to give the 5,12-dimethoxy derivative [q.v. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 20(4), 827 (1972)]. Reaction of this derivative with P~S1o in tetrahydrofuran, followed by oxidation with Br2 and then reduction with TiCl3, yields 2,3,8,9-tetramethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrathiotetracene.
b) 2-Methyltetracenes 2-Methyl-5,12-dioxodihydrotetracene is obtained according to the instruc-tions in Chem. Ber. 64, 1713 (1931). Reduction with Zn in alkaline solu-tion yields 2-methyl-5,12-tetrahydrotetracene, which can be dehydro-genated with chloranil to give 2-methyltetracene. Reaction with S (see US
patent 3 723 417) gives 2-methyl-5,6,11,12-tetrathiotetracene. Another possibility is to prepare 2-methyl-5,6,11,12-tetrachlorotetracene as described in a) and react it with NazX2.
~ 33778~
c) Tetrafluorotetracenes According to the instructions in Chem. Ber. 31, 1159 and 1272 (1898), 2,3,8,9-tetrafluoro-5,12-dihydroxy-6,12-dioxotetracene (B) is obtained by condensing 2,3-difluorophthalic anhydride with succinic acid and then treating the condensation product with sodium ethylate in ethanol.
Further reaction with PCl5 and then with SnCl2/CH3COOH to give 2,3,8,9-tetrafluoro-5,6,11,12-tetrachlorotetracene is carried out analogously to the instructions in Zhuv. Org. Kim. 15(2), 391 (1979). Reaction with Na2X2 gives the corresponding 2,3,8,9-tetrafluorotetrachalcogenotetra-cenes. Reduction of compound B with Al in cyclohexanol yields 2,3,8,9-tetrafluorotetracene, which reacts with sulfur [see Bull. Soc. Chim. 15, 27 (1948)] to give 2,3,8,9-tetrafluoro-5,6,11,12-tetrathiotetracene.
d) Naphthalenes Starting from known 2,3,6,7-tetrachlorotetrachalcogenonaphthalenes (see US patent 3 769 276), it is possible to obtain the corresponding 2,3,6,7-substituted tetrachalcogenonaphthalenes by reaction with the potassium salts of thiophenol, 4-methylthiophenol, 4-methoxythiophenol, 4-mercapto-pyridine, 1,2-benzodithiol or pyrazine-2,3-dithiol.
e) Dimethyl- and dichloro-tetracenes The procedure is analogous to that described under a), except that 4,5-dimethyl- and 4,5-dichloro-phthalic anhydrides are reacted with 6,7-dihydroxynaphthalene as starting compounds and chlorination is carried out with PCls/POCl3.
In formulae I, Ia, II and IIa, X is preferably S or Se. R9 as halogen is especially chlorine.
In the radical -OM, M can be a metal or ammonium cation. Typical metal cations are especially those of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, e.g. Li , Na , K , Mg2 , Ca2 , Sr2 and Ba2 . Zn2 and Cd2 are also suitable. Examples of typical ammonium cations are NH4 and primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium, which can preferably contain Cl-C12alkyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl or benzyl groups. The ammonium cations can also be derived from 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic amines, e.g. piperidine, pyrrole and morpholine.
R9 as the radical of an alcohol is preferably Cl-csalkoxy or Cz-C6-hydroxyalkoxy, benzyloxy, phenoxy, cyclopentoxy or cyclohexyloxy.
R9 as the radical of a primary or secondary amine is preferably derivedfrom alkylamines containing one or two C1-C6alkyl groups.
Rl is preferably H, C1-Cl8alkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
Rl as alkyl preferably contains 1 to 12 and especially 1 to 6 C atoms.
Examples of alkyl, which can be linear or branched, are: methyl, ethyl,n- or i-propyl, n-, i- or t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and dodecyl.
Examples of alkoxy and hydroxyalkoxy are: methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexyloxy, B-hydroxyethoxy, r-hYdroxYpropoxy, ~-hydroxy-butoxy and ~-hydroxyhexyloxy.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition contains up to 95 % by weight, based on polymer a), of at least one thermoplastic or elastomeric polymer differing from component a). In particular, the composition contains up to 80 % by weight of the additional polymer.
The additional polymers are advantageously inert towards the compounds of component b). The polymers therefore preferably contain essentially no strongly acidic groups, e.g. carboxyl groups, or strongly basic groups, e.g. primary or secondary amine groups. The polymers can be e.g. thermo-plastics or elastomers.
In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymers are polymers of monoolefins and diolefins; copolymers of monoolefins and/or diolefins;
polystyrene, poly(p-methylstyrene) or poly(~-methylstyrene); copolymers - , 1 337780 of styrene or ~-methylstyrene; graft copolymers of styrene or ~-methyl-styrene; halogen-containing polymers; polymers and copolymers of deriva-tives of ~,B-unsaturated acids; polymers derived from acyl derivatives or acetates of unsaturated alcohols; homopolymers and copolymers of cyclic ethers; polyacetals; polyphenylene oxides and sulfides and mixtures thereof with styrene polymers; polyurethanes; polyureas; polyimides;
polybenzimidazoles; polycarbonates; polyesters; polyester-carbonates;
polysulfones; polyether-sulfones; polyether-ketones; polyvinylcarbazole;
polyadducts of unsubstituted or hydroxyalkylated epoxy compounds contain-ing an average of more than one epoxy group per molecule, and diols, primary monoamines, disecondary diamines, disecondary linear or cyclic dicarboxylic acid diamides or dicarboxylic acids; cellulose derivatives;
sulfur-crosslinked products derived from polymers containing double bonds; and mixtures of the afore-mentioned polymers.
Examples of polymers are:
1. Polymers of monoolefins and diolefins, for example polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybut-l-ene, polymethylpent-l-ene, polyisoprene or polybutadiene, and polymers of cycloolefins such as cyclopentene or norbornene, and also polyethylene, e.g. high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE) or linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE).
2. Mixtures of the polymers mentioned under 1), e.g. mixtures of poly-propylene with polyisobutylene and polypropylene with polyethylene (e.g.
PP/HDPE, PP/LDPE) and mixtures of different types of polyethylene (e.g.
LDPE/HDPE).
3. Copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins with one another or with other vinyl monomers, e.g. ethylene/propylene copolymers, propylene/but-1-ene copolymers, propylene/isobutylene copolymers, ethylene/but-l-ene copolymers, ethylene/hexene copolymers, ethylene/methylpentene copolymers, ethylene/heptene copolymers, ethylene/octene copolymers, propylene/butadiene copolymers, isobutylene/isoprene copolymers, ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene/alkyl methacrylate copolymers and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, and terpolymers of ethylene with propylene and a diene such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidenenorbornene, and also mixtures of such copolymers with one another and with polymers mentioned under 1), e.g. polypropylene with ethylene/propylene copolymers, LDPE with ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, LDPE with ethylene/acrylic acid ester copolymers, LLDPE with ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers and LLDPE with ethylene/acrylic acid ester copolymers.
4. Polystyrene, poly(p-methylstyrene) and poly(~-methylstyrene).
5.~Copolymers of styrene or ~-methylstyrene with dienes or acrylic derivatives, e.g. styrene/butadiene, styrene/acrylonitrile, styrene/alkyl methacrylate, styrene/butadiene/alkyl acrylate, styrene/maleic anhydride and styrene/acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate, high impact strength mixtures of styrene copolymers and another polymer, e.g. a polyacrylate, a diene polymer or an ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer, and block copolymers of styrene, e.g. styrene/butadiene/styrene, styrene/isoprene/styrene, styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene, styrene/ethylene-propylene/styrene or styrene/4-vinylpyridine/styrene.
6. Graft copolymers of styrene or ~-methylstyrene, e.g. styrene on poly-butadiene, styrene on polybutadiene/styrene or polybutadiene/acrylo-nitrile copolymers, styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on poly-butadiene, styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene, styrene and maleimide on polybutadiene, styrene and alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates on polybutadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymers, styrene and acrylonitrile on poly-alkyl acrylates or polyalkyl methacrylates, styrene and acrylonitrile on acrylate/butadiene copolymers, and mixtures thereof with the copolymers mentioned under 5), e.g. those known as ABS, MBS, ASA or AES polymers.
1 3377%~
1 3377%~
7. Halogen-containing polymers, e.g. polychloroprene, chlorinated rubber, chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene, epichlorohydrin homopoly-mers and copolymers, especially polymers of halogen-containing vinyl compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride, and copolymers thereof such as vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate.
8. Polymers derived from derivatives of ~,B-unsaturated acids, such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and polyacrylonitriles.
9. Copolymers of the monomers mentioned under 8~ with one another or with other unsaturated monomers, e.g. acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile/alkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile/alkoxyalkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile/vinyl halide copolymers, acrylonitrile/alkyl methacrylate/butadiene terpolymers or alkyl methacrylate/4-vinylpyridine copolymers.
10. Polymers derived from acyl derivatives or acetals of unsaturated alcohols, such as polyvinyl acetate, stearate, benzoate or maleate, polyvinylbutyral or polyallyl phthalate, and copolymers thereof with olefins mentioned in section 1.
11. Homopolymers and copolymers of cyclic ethers, such as polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or polybutylene glycol.
12. Polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene and polyoxymethylenes which contain comonomers such as ethylene oxide, and polyacetals modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS.
13. Polyphenylene oxides and sulfides and mixtures thereof with styrene polymers.
14. Polyurethanes derived on the one hand from polyethers, polyesters and polybutadienes containing terminal hydroxyl groups and on the other hand from aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates, and precursors thereof.
- 10 - 1 33778û
- 10 - 1 33778û
15. Polyureas, polyimides and polybenzimidazoles. Among the polyimides, soluble polyimides are especially preferred, such as those disclosed e.g.
in German Auslegeschrift 1962588 and European patent applications A-132221, A-134752, A-162017, A-181837 and A-182745.
in German Auslegeschrift 1962588 and European patent applications A-132221, A-134752, A-162017, A-181837 and A-182745.
16. Polycarbonates, polyesters, e.g. polyalkylene terephthalates, and polyester-carbonates.
17. Polysulfones, polyether-sulfones and polyether-ketones.
18. Polyvinylcarbazole.
19. Polyadducts of unsubstituted or hydroxyalkylated epoxy compounds containing an average of more than one epoxy group per molecule, and diols, primary monoamines, disecondary diamines, disecondary linear or cyclic dicarboxylic acid diamides or dicarboxylic acids.
20. Cellulose derivatives chemically modified in a polymer-homologous manner, such as cellulose acetates, propionates and butyrates, or cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose.
21. Sulfur-crosslinked (vulcanized) products derived from polymers containing double bonds, e.g. natural rubber, synthetic rubber and butadiene or isoprene polymers or copolymers.
22. Mixtures (polyblends) of the afore-mentioned polymers, e.g. PP/EPDM, PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS, PC/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT, PVC/CPE, PVC/acrylates, POM/thermoplastic PUR, PC/thermoplastic PUR, POM/acrylate, POM/MBS and PPO/HIPS.
A preferred group of thermoplastic polymers comprises polyolefins, poly-styrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polycarbonates, aromatic polysulfones, aromatic polyethers, aromatic polyether-sulfones and poly-imides, as well as polyvinylcarbazole.
Ihe thermoplastic polymers of component a) can have a degree of poly-merization of 5 to 10,000, preferably 10 to 5000 and in particular 10 to 1000.
The composition of the invention can also contain thermosetting polymers, e.g. up to 95 % by weight and especially up to 80 % by weight.
Examples are:
1. Crosslinked unsaturated polyesters of e.g. maleic acid and diols and, if desired, comonomers such as styrene.
2. Crosslinked epoxy resins derived from polyepoxides, e.g. from bis-glycidyl ethers or cycloaliphatic diepoxides. They can be thermally crosslinked e.g. with anhydrides or using curing catalysts.
The aliphatic and cycloaliphatic side groups of component a) are sub-stituted by Cl, Br or I, especially in the -, B- or r-poSition and more especially in the ~- and/or B-position. The aliphatic group preferably contains 1 to 4 C atoms which are partially or totally substituted by Cl, Br or I. Substitution by Cl is especially preferred.
The aliphatic side group can be e.g. linear or branched Cl-Cl-2, especially Cl-C6 and more especially Cl-C4alkyl. Examples are methyl, ethyl and the isomers of propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and dodecyl. Examples of cycloaliphatic groups are, in particular, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Methyl or ethyl monosubsti-tuted or polysubstituted by Cl, Br or I, in particular Cl, are especially preferred, e.g. -CH2Cl, -CHClz, -CCl3, -CHClCH3, -CCl2CH3, -CHCl-CH2Cl, -CCl2-CHzCl, -CHCl-CHCl2, -CClz-CHC12, -CClz-CC13, -cH2-cH2cl~ -CHz-CHC12 o r -CH2-CCl3.
The groups -0-, -0-C0-, -C0-OR22-0-C0- or -C0-0- preferably have groups f the formula -C H x2 bonded to them, wherein m is a number from 1 to m n o 12, n is 0 or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and 1 3377~0 n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl, Br or I and R22 is C2-C12alkylene, C~-C12cyclo-alkylene, C4-Cl2cycloalkylene-CH2-, Cz-Cl2cycloalkylene-~CH2~7, benzylene or xylylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl. x2 is preferably Cl, m is preferably 1 to 6, especially 1 to 4, n is preferably O or 1 to 12, especially 1 to 8, o is preferably 1 to 13, especially 1 to 9, and n + o = 2m + 1.
The thermoplastic polymers can be based on different polymers containing hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups, or mixtures of said polymers, e.g.
polyesters, polyester-amides, polyurethanes, polyamides, polycarbonates and polyimides derived from monomers containing hydroxyl groups, saponified and unsubstituted or hydroxyalkylated polymers of vinyl esters or ethers, hydroxylated polydiolefins such as polybutadiene or polyiso-prene, polyacrylates or polymethacrylates containing hydroxyalkyl radicals in the ester group, polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acids, or reduced polyketones or copolymers thereof, as well as copolymers of unsubstituted or hydroxyalkylated vinyl alcohol, acrylates or methacrylates, acrylic acids or methacrylic acids or diolefins with comonomers such as acrylonitrile, olefins, diolefins, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, styrene, ~-methylstyrene, maleic anhydride, maleimide, vinyl ethers and vinyl esters, and polyadducts of unsubstituted or hydroxyalkylated epoxy com-pounds containing an average of more than one epoxy group per molecule, and diols, primary monoamines, disecondary diamines, disecondary linear or cyclic dicarboxylic acid diamides or dicarboxylic acids.
In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer of component a) is a linear polyadduct of a glycidyl compound containing an average of more than one epoxy group, and a diol, a primary monoamine, a disecondary diamine, a disecondary linear or cyclic dicarboxylic acid diamide or a dicarboxylic acid, in which polyadduct the H atom of the secondary OH
groups is at least partially substituted by a group -CO-C H X2, wherein m is a number from 1 to 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, and x2 is Cl, Br or I.
The polyadducts are preferably based on glycidyl compounds containing an average of two epoxy groups per molecule.
Especially suitable glycidyl compounds are those containing two glycidyl groups, B-methylglycidyl groups or 2,3-epoxycyclopentyl groups bonded to a heteroatom (e.g. sulfur or, preferably, oxygen or nitrogen), especially bis(2,3-epoxycyclopentyl) ether; diglycidyl ethers of polyhydric aliphatic alcohols such as butane-1,4-diol, or of polyalkylene glycols such as polypropylene glycol; diglycidyl ethers of cycloaliphatic polyols such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane; diglycidyl ethers of poly-hydric phenols such as resorcinol, bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane (= diomethane), 2,2-bis(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-bromophenyl)propane and 1,3-di(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethane; di(B-methyl-glycidyl) ethers of the dihydric alcohols or dihydric phenols listed above; diglycidyl esters of dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, ~-tetrahydrophthalic acid and hexahydrophthalic acid;
N,N-diglycidyl derivatives of primary amines and amides and heterocyclic nitrogen bases containing two N atoms, and N,N'-diglycidyl derivatives of disecondary diamides and diamines, such as N,N-diglycidylaniline, N,N-di-glycidyltoluidine, N,N-diglycidyl-p-aminophenyl methyl ether and N,N'-di-methyl-N,N'-diglycidyl-bis(p-aminophenyl)methane; N',N"-diglycidyl-N-phenyl isocyanurate; N,N'-diglycidylethyleneurea; N,N'-diglycidyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, N,N'-diglycidyl-5-isopropylhydantoin, N,N-methylene-bis(N',N'-diglycidyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin) and 1,3-bis(N-glycidyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin)-2-hydroxypropane; and N,N'-diglycidyl-5,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,6-dihydrouracil.
The glycidyl compounds can be reacted with aliphatic, cycloaliphatic oraromatic diols to give the preferred polyadducts, a secondary alcohol group, which can be esterified with carboxylic acids containing Cl, Br and/or I, being formed by addition on to the glycidyl group.
However, the glycidyl compounds can also be reacted with the following compounds to give linear polyadducts by polyaddition: primary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic monoamines (e.g. aniline, toluidine, C1-C1z-alkylamines, Cz-C12hydroxyalkylamines), aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids (e.g. maleic acid, adipic acid, trimethyl-adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, succinic acid, dodecylsuccinic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, ~4-tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexa-hydrophthalic acid, ~4-methylhexahydrophthalic acid, 3,6-endomethylene-~4-tetrahydrophthalic acid, 4-methyl-3,6-endomethylene-~4-tetrahydro-phthalic acid) or aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic bis-secondary amines or bis-secondary carboxamides (e.g. N,N'-dimethyl-ethylenediamine, N,N'-dimethylpropylene-1,3-diamine, N,N'-dimethylhexa-methylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexylhexamethylenediamine, N,N',N"-tri-methyldiethylenetriamine, N,N'-diethylpropylene-1,3-diamine, N-methyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-3-(methylaminomethyl)cyclohexylamine, N,N'-dimethylated or N,N'-diethylated aromatic diamines, e.g. m- or p-phenylenediamine, bis(4-aminophenyl)methane or bis(4-aminophenyl) sulfone, 2,2-bis(4-amino-phenyl)propane, N,N-dimethyl-m-xylylenediamine, as well as ethyleneurea, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 5-isopropylhydantoin, N,N-methylene-bis-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 1,3-bis(5,5-dimethylhydantoin)-2-hydroxypropane, 5,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,6-dihydrouracil).
It is preferred to use a compound in which the polyadduct contains a) 100 to 0.1 mol% of identical or different structural units of formula V
_o-R2 4 -O-CH2-lCH-CH2-OR2s- (V) R2 6 OcOc H x2 m n o and b) 99.9 to O mol% of identical or different structural units of formula VI
-o-R24-o-CH2-CIH-CHz-oR2s- (VI) R' based on the polyadduct, wherein R24 and R2s are independently of the other the radical of a diol containing aliphatic or aromatic diol groups, from which two hydroxyl groups have been removed, R' is H, unsubstituted - 1 ~3778~
or OH-substituted Cl-C20alkyl, C1-C20acyl or aminocarbonyl N-substituted by a Cl-C2ohydrocarbon radical, -oR2 6 - iS a direct bond or R2 6 iS
ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by Cl-Cl6alkyl.
The composition preferably contains 100 to 20 and especially 30 to 100 mol% of structural units of formula V and 80 to 0 and especially 70 to 0 mol% of structural units of formula VI.
In a preferred embodiment, R2 4 and R25 are identical radicals. R2 4 and R2s as radicals having aliphatic diol groups preferably contain 2 to 12 and especially 2 to 8 C atoms. The hydroxyl groups can be bonded to open-chain or cyclic aliphatic radicals. Examples of typical aliphatic radicals are linear or branched C2-C12alkylene, C3-Cgcycloalkylene, C1-C4alkyl-Cs-Cgcycloalkyl, cyclohexylmethylene or cyclohexyldimethylene.
Examples are ethylene, 1,2- or 1,3-propylene, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-butylene, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4- or 1,5-pentylene, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5- or 1,6-hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, 1,3-cyclopentylene, 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexylene, 2-methyl-1,4-cyclohexylene and cyclohexyl-1,4-dimethylene.
The aromatic diol groups of the diols used for the polyadducts are especially phenolic groups. The diol radicals having phenolic groups preferably contain 6-30 and especially 6-20 C atoms. A preferred embodiment consists of compositions in which R24 and R2s are independently of the other a radical of the formula Y
wherein X1 is a direct bond, C1-C4alkylene, C2-C12alkylidene, Cs-Cgcyclo-alkylidene, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -CO-, -CO2-, -N(C1-C4alkyl)- or -Si(CH3)2-, R27 and R28 are independently of the other H, halogen, C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, x is 0, 1 or 2 and y is 0 or 1.
.
X1 is preferably a direct bond, methylene, ethylene, C2-C6alkylidene, cyclohexylidene, cyclopentylidene, -O- or -5-. R27 and R28 are preferably H or methyl and y is preferably 1.
R2~ and R2s are especially the radical ~ H3~
\-=-/ CH3\-=-/
R2s as alkyl-substituted ethylene preferably contains C1-C4alkyl and especially C1 or Czalkyl. Ethylene, 1,2-propylene and 1,2- or 2,3 butylene are especially preferred.
R' as C1-C2oalkyl can be linear or branched. R' as acyl can be e.g.
Cl-C20alkyl-CO-, Cs-C8cycloalkyl-CO-, Cl-Clsalkyl-Cs-cgcycloalkyl-co-~Cs-Cgcycloalkyl-CH2-CO-, C1-C14alkyl-Cs-Cgcycloalkyl-CHz-CO-, phenyl-CO-, benzyl-CO-, C1-C14alkyl-phenyl-CO- or C1-C14alkyl-benzyl-CO-. The hydro-carbon radical in the aminocarbonyl can be e.g. C1-C20alkyl-, Cs-Cgcyclo-alkyl-, C1-C1salkyl-Cs-C8cycloalkyl-, Cs-Cgcycloalkyl-CHz-, C1-C14alkyl-Cs-Cgcycloalkyl-CH2-, phenyl-, benzyl-, C1-C14alkyl-phenyl- or C1-C14-alkyl-benzyl-. R' is preferably H.
In another preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer of componenta) is a homopolymer or copolymer of an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid ester containing chlorinated, brominated and/or iodinated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups in the ester group.
In an especially preferred embodiment, the polymer contains a) 0.1 to 100 mol% of at least one structural unit of formula III
~17 -CHz-~- (III), ¢=O
oRl 8 and b) O to 99.9 mol% of at least one structural unit of formula IV
_ ~ ~ _ (IV) 19 2l based on the polymer, wherein Rl7 is H or methyl; Rl8 is a radical ~R22-O-CO~--C H X2, wherein z is O or 1, m is a number from 1 to z m n o 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl, Br or I and R22 is C2-C12alkylene, C4-C1zcyclo-alkylene, C4-C12cycloalkylene-CHz-, Cz-Cl2cycloalkylene-~CH2~, benzylene or xylylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl; R19 is H, C1-C6alkyl or -CooR23; R20 is H, F, Cl, CN or C1-C6-alkyl and R21 is H, F, Cl, CN, R23-o-, C1-C1zalkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -COOR22-OH, -COOCHzC~-~Hz or phenyl, wherein R22 is as defined above and R23 is C1-C18alkyl, Cs-C7cycloalkyl, (Cl-Clzalkyl)-Cs-C~cycloalkyl, phenyl, (C1-C12alkyl)phenyl, benzyl or (Cl-Clzalkyl)benzyl.
The polymer preferably contains 100 to 20 and especially 100 to 30 mol%of structural units of formula III and 80 to O and especially 70 to O mol% of structural units of formula IV.
R17 is preferably methyl. X2, m, n and o have the preferred meanings given above and z is preferably 1.
R2 2 iS preferably unsubstituted or substituted by OH or Cl. R2 2 as alkylene preferably contains 2 to 6 C atoms. The alkylene can be linear or branched. Examples are ethylene and the isomers of propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene and dodecylene. R2 2 as cycloalkylene is especially cyclo-hexylene and, in the radicals containing cycloalkylene, is preferably cyclohexylene.
R2 3 can be linear or branched C1-Cl /3, preferably Cl-C1 2 and especially Cl-C6alkyl. R2 3 as cycloalkyl is especially cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
When R23 is (C1-Cl2alkyl)cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl is especially cyclo-pentyl or cyclohexyl and the alkyl group can be linear or branched and preferably contains 1 to 6 and especially 1 to 4 C atoms. When R2 3 is alkylphenyl or alkylbenzyl, the alkyl group can be linear or branched and preferably contains 1 to 6 and especially 1 to 4 C atoms.
R19 is preferably H. R19 as alkyl is preferably methyl or ethyl. When R19 is -COOR2 3, R2 3 is preferably C1-C12 and especially C1-C6alkyl.
R20 as alkyl is preferably C1-C4alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl. RZ is preferably H, Cl or C1-C4alkyl.
When R2l is the group R23-o-, R23 is preferably C1-C12 and especially C1-C6alkyl. R21 as alkyl preferably contains 1 to 6 and especially 1 to 4 C atoms. When R21 is the group -COOR2 3, R2 3 iS preferably C1-C1 2 and especially C1-C6alkyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. When R21 is the group -oCo-R23, R23 is preferably C1-C12 and especially C1-C6alkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
When R21 is the group -COOR2 2 OH, R2 2 has the preferred meanings given above.
In a preferred embodiment, R19 is H, R20 is H, F, Cl, methyl or ethyl and R21 is F, Cl, CN, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, -COO-C1-Csalkyl, -COO-R22-OH, -OOC-C1-C6alkyl or phenyl.
In a preferred composition, R17 is methyl; R13 is a radical R22-O-CO-C H X2, wherein m is a number from 1 to 6, n is O or a number m n o from 1 to 12, o is a number from 1 to 13 and n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl and R22 is Cz-C6alkylene, cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, cyclopentylene-CH2-, cyclohexylene-CH2- or cyclohexylene-~CH2~ which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH or Cl; R19 is H; R20 is H, F, Cl or C1-C4alkyl; and R2l is H, F, Cl, CN, R23-o-, C1-C6alkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -COOR22-OH, _ 19 _ -COOCH2C~-~Hz or phenyl, R2 2 being as defined above and R2 3 being C1-C6alkyl, Cs or C6cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
In another preferred composition, R~7 is methyl; R1 8 iS a radical R22-O-CO-C H X2, wherein m is a number from 1 to 4, n is O or a number m n o from 1 to 8, o is a number from 1 to 13 and n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl and R2 2 iS linear C2-C6alkylene or -CH2CHOHCH2-; R19 and R20 are H; and R
is -COOR2 2 OH or -CooR23, wherein R2 2 is as defined above and R23 is l-C6alkyl .
Especially preferred compositions are those in which, in formula III, R17 is H or CH3 and R2 2 is linear or branched C2-C6alkylene, cyclopentylene or cyclohexylene, and in formula IV, R19 is H, R20 is H or methyl and R
is -CooR23 or -COOR220H, R22 and R23 being as defined above, intluding the preferred meanings.
In another preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer of componenta) is a homopolymer or copolymer of vinyl alcohol in which the H atom of the secondary OH group is at least partially substituted by a group -Y-C H X2, wherein Ylis a direct bond, -CO- or -R26-O-CO-, x2 is Cl, Br m n o or I, m is a number from 1 to 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, R26 being ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl.
The compositions preferably contain copolymers.
Preferred compositions are those in which the copolymer contains a) 90 to 0.1 mol% of structural units of formula VII
_ - ,C- (VII), OYC H x2 m n o 1 33~7~30 and b) 99.9 to 10 mol5/O of identical or different structural units of formula VIII
y ~20 -~ ~- (VIII), Rl9 R29 wherein Y is a direct bond, -CO- or -R26-O-CO-, R2s being ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl; X2 is Cl, Br or I; m is a number from 1 to 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1; R19 is H, C~-C6alkyl or -CooR23; R20 is H, F, Cl, CN or C1-C6alkyl; and R29 is H, F, Cl, CN, OH, RZ30-, C1-C1zalkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -OR220H or phenyl, R23 being C1-C1aalkyl, Cs-C7cyclo-alkyl, (C1-C12alkyl)-Cs-C7cycloalkyl, phenyl, (C1-C12alkyl)phenyl, benzyl or (C1-C12alkyl)benzyl and R22 being ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl.
The compositions preferably contain 70 to 10 and especially 60 to 20 mol%
of structural units of formula VII and 30 to 90 and especially 40 to 80 mol% of structural units of formula VIII.
R19 and R20 in formula VIII have the preferred meanings given above. R22 and R2 3 also have the preferred meanings given above.
R29is preferably H, F, Cl, CN, OH, R23-o-, C1-C4alkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, phenyl, -OCH2CH20H or -OCH2CH(CH3)0H, R23 being C1-C6alkyl.
Especially preferred compositions are those in which R1 9 and R20 are Hand R29 is -oCoR23, wherein R23 is C1-C1aalkyl~ Cs-C7cycloalkyl~ (C1-C12-alkyl)-Cs-C7cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, (C1-C12alkyl)phenyl or (C1-C12-alkyl)benzyl.
In a preferred embodiment, Ylis a direct bond, -CO-, -CH2CH20-CO- or -CH2CH(CH3)0-CO-; x2 is Cl; m is a number from 1 to 6, n is O or a number from 1 to 12, o is a number from 1 to 13 and n + o = 2m + 1; R19 and R20 are H; and R29 is H, F, Cl, CN, OH, R230-, cl-c4alkyl~ -CooR23, -O-CO-R23, phenyl, -OCH2CH20H or -OCH2CH(CH3)0H, R23 being C1-C6alkyl, Cs or C6cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
The invention further relates to a composition comprising a) a thermoplastic polymer which contains aliphatic or cycloaliphatic side groups bonded to a polymer backbone via a group -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-OR22-OCO- or -CO-O-, said side groups containing at least one Cl, Br or I atom in the ~-, B-, r- or ~-position, R22 being Cz-C1zalkylene, C4-Clzcycloalkylene, C4-Clzcycloalkylene-CHz-, C4-Clzcyclo-alkylene-~CHz~, benzylene or xylylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl, and b) a compound of formula I and/or formula Ia R~ R3 ~ ~,3\ / ~
l6 il 3 1 ( I), I6 il . 1 32 -I ( Ia), R2 ~ \R4 R6 ~ \R8 X ~ X--~
wherein X is S, Se or Te, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently of the others a hydrogen atom or Cl, or R1 and R2, and R3 and R4, together are each ~-\ /S\ ~N\ /S\
i1 or i i1 or S/ ~N/ \S/
Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are each phenylthio, 4-methylphenylthio, 4-methoxy-phenylthio or pyrid-4-ylthio, and Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are independently of the others H or F, or Rs is CH3 and R6, R7 and R8 are H, or Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are CH3, or Rs and R6 are CH3 or Cl and R7 and R8 are H, or Rs and R6 are H, R7 is -COR9 and Rt is H or -COR9, or Rs and R6 are H and R7 and R8 together are -CO-O-CO- or -CO-NR10-CO-, wherein R9 is halogen, -OH, -NHz, the radical of an alcohol or of a primary or secondary amine, or -OM, M being a cation, and R10 is H or the radical of a primary amine from which the NH2 group has been removed, and c) if desired, an inert organic solvent.
The composition of the invention can additionally contain a solvent for a soluble polymer and component b). Examples of suitable solvents are polar aprotic solvents, which can be used by themselves or in mixtures of at least two solvents. Examples are: ethers such as dibutyl ether, tetra-hydrofuran and dioxane, methylene glycol, dimethylethylene glycol, dimethyldiethylene glycol, diethyldiethylene glycol and dimethyltri-ethylene glycol, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, l,l,l-trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetra-chloroethane, carboxylic acid esters and lactones such as ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl benzoate, 2-methoxyethyl acetate, r-butyro-lactone, ~-valerolactone and pivalolactone, carboxamides and lactams such as N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-diethylacetamide, r-butyrolactam, E-capro-lactam, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-acetylpyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, tetramethylurea and hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfones such as dimethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, trimethylene sulfone and tetramethylene sulfone, N-methyl-pyrrolidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, and substituted benzenes such as benzonitrile, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, toluene and xylene.
The composition of the invention can additionally contain auxiliaries required for processing and use, e.g. plasticizers, flow control agents, mould release agents, fillers, flameproofing agents, antioxidants and light stabilizers, other stabilizers, dyes and pigments.
Most preferably, the composition of the invention additionally contains a thermoplastic polymer differing from component a). Examples of additional polymers have been described previously. The addition of these polymers makes it possible to avoid too high a proportion of the halogenated poly-mer of component a). The proportion of the thermoplastic polymer can be e.g. up to 95 % by weight and preferably up to 80 % by weight, based on the halogenated polymer of component a).
-- The halogenated polymer of component a) is convenlently present at least in a sufficlent amount to form CT complexes of the compounds of component b). The amount to be used depends essentlally on the degree of halogenatlon of the side groups of polymer a) and on the proportion of such side groups ln polymer a). The amount can be chosen so that 0.5 to 2 and especlally 1 to 2 mol of halogen (Cl, Br, I) are present in the side groups of the polymer of component a), per mol of compound of formula I or Ia. It is advantageous to use an excess of polymer a).
Component b) ls preferably present in an amount of 0.01 to 20 % by weight, especially 0.05 to 10 % by weight and more especlally 0.1 to 5 % by welght, based on the polymer of component a).
In other respects, the preferences indlcated above apply to thls compound.
Thls compound of the lnventlon ls prepared slmply by mlxlng the components, a solvent being used as well if deslred. The mlxlng process can also be combined wlth a shaplng process uslng known methods, e.g. casting, in~ection mouldlng, calendering or extrusion.
The invention of the parent appllcatlon further relates to a process for the preparatlon of the composltlons contalnlng CT complexes, whlch comprlses allowlng a) a thermoplastlc polymer whlch contalns allphatlc or cycloallphatlc slde groups bonded to a polymer backbone vla a group -O-, -0-CO-, -CO-OR22-OC0- or -CO-O-, sald slde groups contalnlng at least one Cl, Br or I atom ln the a-, ~-, y- or ~-posltlon, to act on b) a compound of formula I and/or formula Ia Rs\ ~ /R7 i6 il 3i (I), i67 il ! ! ,,32! (Ia), R2/ ~ R~ R6 ~ \Rt wherein X is 5, Se or Te, Rl, R2, R3 and R~ are independently of the others a hydrogen atom or Cl, or Rl and R2, and R3 and R4, together are each ~-\ /S\ ~N\ /S\
11 or i i1 or ~- S/ ~N S
Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are each phenylthio, 4-methylphenylthio, 4-methoxy-phenylthio or pyrid-4-ylthio, and Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are independently of the others H or F, or Rs is CH3 and R6, R7 and R8 are H, or Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are CH3, or Rs and Rs are CH3 or Cl and R7 and R8 are H, or Rs and R6 are H, R7 is -COR9 and R8 is H or -COR9, or Rs and R6 are H and R7 and R8 together are -CO-O-CO- or -CO-NRl-CO-, wherein R9 is halogen, -OH, -NH2, the radical of an alcohol or of a primary or secondary amine, or -OM, M being a cation, and Rl~ is H or the radical of a primary amine from which the NHz group has been removed.
The process is advantageously carried out with an input of energy. The energy can be e.g. thermal energy or radiation energy. In the case of radiation energy, irradiation can be carried out e.g. imagewise through a mask or by means of imagewise control of a light beam, or over the whole surface. Thermal energy means, for example, an elevated temperature such as a temperature of 25 to 350C, especially 50 to 200C. Simultaneous thermal curing is possible when thermoset-forming constituents are also used.
In one preferred embodiment, the process is carried out in the presenceof an inert organic solvent which evaporates at elevated temperature.
In another preferred embodiment, component a) is used in a greater amount than is necessary to form the CT complex.
Ihe halogen-containing polymer a) can be mixed e.g. with a compound of formula I and/or Ia and, if desired, with solvents and additional poly-mers. The mixing process can be combined with a simultaneous shaping ~ 25 l 337780 21489-7823E
process, e.g. casting, injection moulding, extrusion or calendering. The temperature required to form CT complexes can be reached e.g. during the shaping process. However, heat can also be applied after the shaping process. When solvents are also used, they are advantageously removed by heating.
The invention of the parent application further relates to electrically conducting or antistatic compositions obtainable by the process of the invention.
The compositions of the invention of the parent application containing a CT complex produce valuable semifinished products or shaped articles, or mouldings, e.g. sheets, films, filaments, fibres, composites or coatings, which are antistatic or electrically conducting.
The invention of the parent application further relates to the use of the composition of the invention, containing a compound of formula I or Ia, for the production of a) antistatic and/or b) electrically conducting mouldings, sheets, filaments, fibres, coatings or composites.
The invention of the parent application further relates to shaped articles, films, coatings and composites produced from a composition of the invention containing a CT complex.
A preferred field of application is the production of coatings or sheets e.g. by extrusion or by casting or coating.
They can be used for the electrostatic shielding of components.
The sheets are flexible electrical conductors from which electrodes can be produced, e.g. for display elements.
Transparent embodiments are also possible, depending on the polymer or polymer mixture used.
-25a 21489-7823E
The compositions of the invention of the parent application containing a CT complex are distinguished by a high chemical stability and heat stability and a low migration of the CT complexes. Furthermore, surprisingly high conductivities are achieved, which can be as much as 25% of the conductivity of the pure CT complexes. The CT complexes form a network of electrically conductlng crystal needles ln the polymer matrlx.
The hlgh stablllty ls such that there ls llttle or no loss of electrlcal conductlvlty ln use.
The thermoplastlc polymers of component a) can be prepared ln a manner known per se by esterlfying a polymer contalnlng carboxyl groups, or lts ester-formlng derlvatlves (e.g. polymethacryllc acld or esters thereof), wlth a Cl-, Br-and/or I-substltuted alcohol, or etherlfylng a polymer contalnlng hydroxyl groups (e.g. polyadducts of compounds contalnlng 2 epoxy groups or hydroxyalkylated derlvatlves thereof, polyhydroxyalkyl methacrylates, polyvlnyl alcohols or hydroxyalkylated derlvatlves thereof) wlth a Cl-, Br- or I-substltuted alcohol, or esterlfylng lt wlth a Cl-, Br- or I-substltuted carboxyllc acld or lts ester-formlng derlvatlves, e.g. esters or acld halldes. The reactlon ls convenlently carried out ln a solvent and ln the temperature range from -20C to 100C. The deslred polymer can be lsolated e.g. by evaporatlng off the volatlle consltuents, lf necessary under vacuum, or preclpltatlng the polymer from the reactlon solutlon wlth water and drylng lt. In thls case, however, halogenated carboxyllc acld radlcals can be partlally cleaved by hydrolysls.
The lnventlon of a flrst dlvlslonal appllcatlon relates to a homopolymer or copolymer of acryllc acld or methacryllc acld esters whlch contalns allphatlc or cycloallphatlc groups ln the ester group, sald allphatlc or cycloallphatlc groups belng chlorlnated, bromlnated and/or lodlnated ln the a-, ~-, y- or ~-posltlon.
Preferred homopolymers and copolymers are those ln whlch the ester group contalns groups -~R22-0-CO ~ CmHnXo bonded to the O atom of the carboxyl group, whereln z ls O or 1, m ls a number from 1 to 12, n ls O or a number from 1 to 24, o ls a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m ~ 1, x2 ls Cl, Br or I and R22 ls C2-C12alkylene, C4 C12cy 4 C12-cycloalkylene-CH2-, C2-C12cycloalkYlene ( CH2 ) 2 benzylene or xylylene whlch ls unsubstltuted or substltuted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl.
, t 337780 In a preferred embodiment, the homopolymer or copolymer contains a) 0.1 to 100 mol% of at least one structural unit of formula III
-CHz-Ç- (III), ¢=o ORl 8 and b) 0 to 99.9 mol% of at least one structural unit of formula IV
~ ~20 _ Ç - (IV) based on the polymer, wherein R17 is H or methyl; R13 is a radical (R22-O-CO~--C H X2, wherein z is O or 1, m is a number from 1 to z m n o 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl, Br or I and R22 is C2-C12alkylene, C4-C12cyclo-alkylene, C4-Clzcycloalkylene-CH2-, Cz-Cl2cycloalkylene-~CH2~.
benzylene or xylylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl; Rl9 is H, C1-C6alkyl or -COOR2 3; R20 is H, F, Cl, CN or Cl-C6-alkyl; and R21 is H, F, Cl, CN, R23-o-, C1-Clzalkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -COOR22-OH, -COOCH2C~-~H2 or phenyl, R22 being as defined above and R23 being Cl-Clgalkyl, Cs-C7cycloalkyl, (C1-C12alkyl)-Cs-C7cycloalkyl~
phenyl, (C1-C12alkyl)phenyl, benzyl or (C1-Cl2alkyl)benzyl.
In an especially preferred embodiment, Rl7 is methyl; R13 is a radical R22-O-CO-C H X2, wherein m is a number from 1 to 6, n is 0 or a number m n o from 1 to 12, o is a number from 1 to 13 and n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl and R22 is Cz-C6alkylene, cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, cyclopentylene-CHz-, cyclohexylene-CH2- or cyclohexylene-~CH2~ which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH or Cl; R19 is H R20 is H, F, Cl or C~-C4alkyl: and R21 is H, F, Cl, CN, R23-o-, C1-C6alkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -COOR22-OH, -COOCH2C~-~H2 or phenyl, R2 2 being as defined above and R2 3 being C1-C6alkyl, Cs or C6cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
-R is in particular a radical -R -O-CO-CmHnXo, wherein R is linear or branched C2-C6 alkylene, x2 is Cl, M is a number from 1 to 4, n is O or a number from 1 to 8, o is a number from 1 to 9 and n + o = 2m + 1.
The group -CmHngo is in particular -CH2Cl, -CHCl2, -CC13, -CHClCH3, -CC12CH3, -CHCl-CH2Cl, -CC12-CH2Cl, -CHCl-CHCl2, -CC12-CHC12, -CC12-CC13, -CH2-CH2Cl, -CH2-CHC12 or -CH2-CC13.
The invention of this second divisional application relates to a thermoplastic homopolymer or copolymer which is a linear polyadduct of a glycidyl compound containing an average of more than one epoxy group, and a diol, or a primary monoamine, or a disecondary diamine, or a disecondary linear or cyclic dicarboxylic acid diamide or a dicarboxylic acid or a mixture thereof, in which polyadduct the H atom of the secondary OH groups is at least partially substituted by a group -CO-CmHnXo, wherein m is a number from 1 to 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o - 2m + 1, and x2 is Cl, Br or I.
In a preferred embodiment, the polyadduct contains a) 100 to 0.1 mol% of identical or different structural units of formula V
-o-R24-o-CH2-CH-CH2-oR25- (V) OR OCOC H X
m n o and b) 99.9 to O mol~ of identical or different structural units of formula VI
28a 1 3 3 7 7 8 21489-7823E
-O-R -O-CH2-CH-CH2-OR - (VI) OR' based on the polyadduct, wherein R24 and R25 are independently of the other the radical of a diol containing aliphatic or aromatic diol groups, from which two hydroxyl groups have been removed, R' is H, unsubstituted or OH-substituted C1-C20alkyl, C1-C20acyl or aminocarbonyl N-substituted .~
by a C1-Czohydrocarbon radical, -OR26- is a direct bond or R26 is ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl, and X2, m, n and o are as defined above.
In particular, R24 and R2s are independently of the other a radical of the formula Xl~
wherein X1 is a direct bond, C1-C4alkylene, C2-C12alkylidene, Cs-Cacyclo-alkylidene, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SOz-, -CO-, -COz-, -N(C1-C4alkyl)- or -Si(CH3)z-, R27 and R23 are independently of the other H, halogen, C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, x is 0, 1 or 2 and y is O or 1.
R24 and R2s are most especially the radical CH3~
=- CH3 =-In a preferred embodiment, -oR2 6 - iS a direct bond, x2 is Cl, m is a number from 1 to 4, n is O or a number from 1 to 8, o is a number from 1 to 9 and n + o = 2m + 1.
In an especially preferred embodiment, the group -CmHnXo is -CH2Cl, -CHClz, -CCl3, -CHClCH3, -CClzCH3, -CHCl-CHzCl, -CCl2-CH2Cl, -CHCl-CHClz, -CCl2-CHCl2, -CCl2-CCl3, -CH2-CH2Cl, -CHz-CHClz or -CH 2 -CCl3.
The invention further relates to a homopolymer or copolymer which is a homopolymer or copolymer of vinyl alcohol in which the H atom of the secondary OH group is at least partially substituted by a group -Y1-C H X1, wherein y1 is -CO- or -R26-O-CO-, X1 is Cl, Br or I, m is a m n o number from 1 to 12, n is 0 or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, R26 being ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl.
It is preferred to use a homopolymer or copolymer in whlch the copolymer contains a) 90 to 0.1 mol% of structural units of formula VII
_ _ (VII), YC H x2 m n o and b) 99.9 to 10 mol% of identical or different structural units of formula VIII
zo -~ ~- (VIII), wherein yl is -CO- or -R26-O-CO-, R26 being ethylene which is unsubsti-tuted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl; x2 is Cl, Br or I; m is a number from 1 to 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1; R19 is H, C1-C6alkyl or -COOR2 3; R20 is H, F, Cl, CN
or C1-C6alkyl; and R29 is H, F, Cl, CN, OH, R230-, C1-C12alkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -OR220H or phenyl, R23 being C1-C1,oalkyl, Cs-C7cycloalkyl, (C1-C12alkyl)-Cs-C7cycloalkyl, phenyl, (C1-C1zalkyl)phenyl, benzyl or (C1-C12alkyl)benzyl and R22 being ethylene which is unsubstituted or substitutet by C1-C1 6 alkyl.
In a preferred embodiment, yl is -CO-, -CH2CH20-CO- or -CH2CH(CH2)0-CO-;
X2 is Cl; m is a number from 1 to 6, n is 0 or a number from 1 to 12, o is a number from 1 to 13 and n + o = 2m + 1; R19 and R20 are H; and R29 is H, F, Cl, CN, OH, R230-, C1-C~alkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, phenyl, -OCH2CHzOH or -OCH2CH(CH3)0H, R23 being C1-C6alkyl, Cs or C6cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
Preferably, x2 is Cl, m is a number from 1 to 4, n is O or a number from 1 to 8, o is a number from 1 to 9 and n + o = 2m + 1.
1 33778~
The group -CmHnXo is especially -CH2Cl, -CHCl2, -CCl3, -CHClCH3, -CC12CH3, -CHCl-CH2Cl, -CC12-CH2Cl, -CHCl-CHC12, -CC12-CHC12, -CC2-CC13, -CH2-CH2Cl, -CH2-CHC12 or -CH2-CCl3.
In other respects, the preferences lndlcated above for the composltlons apply to the polymers. It has been found that, ln addltlon to thelr property of formlng CT complexes wlth the compounds of formulae I and Ia, the polymers can substantially lmprove the adheslveness of thermoplastlcs and thermosets on substrates such as metals, wood, glass and plastlcs, lt belng posslble to lncorporate only small amounts, e.g. up to 5 % by welght, of the polymers of the lnventlon lnto the thermopolastlcs or thermosets.
The followlng Examples lllustrate the lnventlons of the parent and dlvlslonal appllcatlons ln greater detall.
A) PreParatory ExamPles Examples 1-7: Preparatlon of -~CH2~H--CH
~CH2~H--CH
- -b 28.4 g of a polyaddltlon polymer of blsphenol A and blsphenol A dlglycldyl ether (Mw = 20,000) are dlssolved ln 200 ml of dlmethylformamlde and 60 ml of pyrldlne. 12.1 g of choroacetyl chlorlde are added dropwlse at 0C, wlth stlrrlng and wlth the excluslon of molsture. Stlrrlng ls contlnued for 8 h at room temperature and the product ls ~i~
~ 21489-7823E
~ 337781~
precipltated in water. The isolated polymer of Example 3 is dried at 80~C
under high vacuum. The content of incorporated chloroacetic acid ester radicals is determined from the elemental analysis.
The polymers in Table 1 are prepared in analogous manner.
Table 1:
Example R n (calculated) n (found)Tg M
no. b b (C) w (n = ) (n =
a+b a+b 1 -CHzCl 0,1 0,05 44100 2 -CHzCl 0,5 0,25 104 26500 3 -CHzCl 1,0 0,75 83 26600 4 -CCl3 0,1 0,OS 79000 -CCl3 1,0 1,0 66 94000 6 -CHCl-CHzCl 0,1 0,03 102 65000 7 -CHCl-CH 2 Cl 0,5 0,25 18000 1) Determined by gel permeation chromatography Example 8: 27.8 g (0.19 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate and 122.92 g (1.08 mol) of ethyl methacrylate are heated to 70C in 600 ml of dioxane, under nitrogen and with stirring, and 750 mg of AiBN are added. After 16 h, the polymer formed is isolated by precipitation in ice water.
Yield: 130.57 g (87 %), epoxy content: 1.27 meq/g (theoretical:
1.267 meq/g), M = 86,000.
7.87 g of polymer (10 mmol of epoxy groups) are dissolved in 80 ml of dioxane, ant 0.8 ml (0.01 mol) of chloroacetyl chloride and 2.4 ml of pyridine are added dropwise at room temperature. When the addition is complete, the mixture is heated for 1 h at 50C and then left to cool and the polymer is isolated by precipitation in diethyl ether.
M = 32,700, T : 78C, chlorine content: 6.54 % (calculated: 7.86 %).
Example 9: The procedure is as in Example 8, except that 0.005 mol of benzoyl chloride is used instead of chloroacetyl chloride.
M = 17,300, Tg: 92C, chlorine content: I.2 % (calculated: 2.1 %).
Reaction with carboxylic acids Example 10: 7.87 g (0.01 mol of epoxy groups) of poly(ethyl methacrylate/glycidyl methacrylate - 85/15), prepared by the process acc~rding to Example 8, are dissolved in 100 ml of dioxane, and 1.71 g (0.01 mol) of 2,3-dichloropropionic acid and 96 mg of benzyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride are added. After 10 h of reflux, the mixture is left to cool and the converted polymer is isolated by precipitation in ice water.
Yield: 87.6 %, T : 93C, chlorine content: 4.33 % (calculated: 7.74 %).
Example 11: The procedure is as in Example 10, except that 0.01 mol of chloroacetic acid is used instead of 2,3-dichloropropionic acid.
M = 127,000, T : 88C, chlorine content: 1.6 % (calculated: 4.02 %).
B) Application Examples:
Examples 12-23: 1.6 mg of tetraselenotetracene (TSeT) are dissolved in 9 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF) at 120C and added to a solution of 100 mg of the polymer according to Example 1 in 1 ml of DMF. The solution is then poured on to a preheated glass plate. A transparent film with a needle network of crystal needles of electrically conducting (TSeT)zCl in a polymer matrix remains after evaporation of the solvent in the tempera-ture range from 90 to 130C. The films according to Examples 13 to 23 in Tables 2 and 3 are produced in the same way, an additional polymer (poly-mer 2) also being used in Examples 16 to 23. The conductivity of the films is between 0.1 and 1 S/cm.
~ 34 ~ 1337780 Table 2:
Example Polymer TSeT (mg) Morphology of the 1) no. according 100 needle network to Exammple no. Polymer (mg) 12 7 1,6 +
13 1 1,6 ++
14 2 1,6 +
6 1,6 ++
) + extensively homogeneous needle networks (electrically conducting) ++ irregular needle networks (electrically conducting) Table 3:
Example Polymer (1) Polymer (2) Polymer(l)in g TSeT Morphology of no. according to (mg) the needle Example no. Polymer(2)in g network 16 5 Polyimide 1) 0,43 1,6 + 4 ) 17 7 Polyimide 1) 1 1,6 + 4 ) 18 5 Polyimide 1) 0,1 1,5 ++
19 7 Polyimide 1) 0,05 1,6 _ 3 7 Polyimide 1) 0,1 1,6 ++
21 1 Phenoxy- 1,0 1,6 +
polymer 2 ) 22 1 Phenoxy- 9 1,6 ++
polymer 2 ) 23 1 Phenoxy- 0,1 1,5 (-) polymer 2 ) polyimide derived from benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, diaminodurol and 3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-diethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl-methane (H = 40,000).
2 ) polyadduct of bisphenol A a~d bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (M = 20,000) 3) short needles, not conducting over their whole surface 4 ) opaque sheets (demixing of the polymers) ~ 337780 Examples 24-27: 100 mg of polymer are dissolved in 2 ml of DMF at 120C.
This solution is added, with vigorous stirring, to a hot solution, at 120C, of 1.6 mg of 2-fluorotetraselenotetracene in DMF and the resulting solution is poured into hot Petri dishes at 100-140C. Electrically con-ducting polymer films remain after evaporation of the solvent. The electrical conductivity is determined by the 4-point method (see Table 4).
Table 4:
ExamplePolymer according Conductivity to Example Q (Ohm am 1) 24 8 0,21 9 0,08 26 10 0,01 27 11 0,12
A preferred group of thermoplastic polymers comprises polyolefins, poly-styrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polycarbonates, aromatic polysulfones, aromatic polyethers, aromatic polyether-sulfones and poly-imides, as well as polyvinylcarbazole.
Ihe thermoplastic polymers of component a) can have a degree of poly-merization of 5 to 10,000, preferably 10 to 5000 and in particular 10 to 1000.
The composition of the invention can also contain thermosetting polymers, e.g. up to 95 % by weight and especially up to 80 % by weight.
Examples are:
1. Crosslinked unsaturated polyesters of e.g. maleic acid and diols and, if desired, comonomers such as styrene.
2. Crosslinked epoxy resins derived from polyepoxides, e.g. from bis-glycidyl ethers or cycloaliphatic diepoxides. They can be thermally crosslinked e.g. with anhydrides or using curing catalysts.
The aliphatic and cycloaliphatic side groups of component a) are sub-stituted by Cl, Br or I, especially in the -, B- or r-poSition and more especially in the ~- and/or B-position. The aliphatic group preferably contains 1 to 4 C atoms which are partially or totally substituted by Cl, Br or I. Substitution by Cl is especially preferred.
The aliphatic side group can be e.g. linear or branched Cl-Cl-2, especially Cl-C6 and more especially Cl-C4alkyl. Examples are methyl, ethyl and the isomers of propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and dodecyl. Examples of cycloaliphatic groups are, in particular, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Methyl or ethyl monosubsti-tuted or polysubstituted by Cl, Br or I, in particular Cl, are especially preferred, e.g. -CH2Cl, -CHClz, -CCl3, -CHClCH3, -CCl2CH3, -CHCl-CH2Cl, -CCl2-CHzCl, -CHCl-CHCl2, -CClz-CHC12, -CClz-CC13, -cH2-cH2cl~ -CHz-CHC12 o r -CH2-CCl3.
The groups -0-, -0-C0-, -C0-OR22-0-C0- or -C0-0- preferably have groups f the formula -C H x2 bonded to them, wherein m is a number from 1 to m n o 12, n is 0 or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and 1 3377~0 n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl, Br or I and R22 is C2-C12alkylene, C~-C12cyclo-alkylene, C4-Cl2cycloalkylene-CH2-, Cz-Cl2cycloalkylene-~CH2~7, benzylene or xylylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl. x2 is preferably Cl, m is preferably 1 to 6, especially 1 to 4, n is preferably O or 1 to 12, especially 1 to 8, o is preferably 1 to 13, especially 1 to 9, and n + o = 2m + 1.
The thermoplastic polymers can be based on different polymers containing hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups, or mixtures of said polymers, e.g.
polyesters, polyester-amides, polyurethanes, polyamides, polycarbonates and polyimides derived from monomers containing hydroxyl groups, saponified and unsubstituted or hydroxyalkylated polymers of vinyl esters or ethers, hydroxylated polydiolefins such as polybutadiene or polyiso-prene, polyacrylates or polymethacrylates containing hydroxyalkyl radicals in the ester group, polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acids, or reduced polyketones or copolymers thereof, as well as copolymers of unsubstituted or hydroxyalkylated vinyl alcohol, acrylates or methacrylates, acrylic acids or methacrylic acids or diolefins with comonomers such as acrylonitrile, olefins, diolefins, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, styrene, ~-methylstyrene, maleic anhydride, maleimide, vinyl ethers and vinyl esters, and polyadducts of unsubstituted or hydroxyalkylated epoxy com-pounds containing an average of more than one epoxy group per molecule, and diols, primary monoamines, disecondary diamines, disecondary linear or cyclic dicarboxylic acid diamides or dicarboxylic acids.
In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer of component a) is a linear polyadduct of a glycidyl compound containing an average of more than one epoxy group, and a diol, a primary monoamine, a disecondary diamine, a disecondary linear or cyclic dicarboxylic acid diamide or a dicarboxylic acid, in which polyadduct the H atom of the secondary OH
groups is at least partially substituted by a group -CO-C H X2, wherein m is a number from 1 to 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, and x2 is Cl, Br or I.
The polyadducts are preferably based on glycidyl compounds containing an average of two epoxy groups per molecule.
Especially suitable glycidyl compounds are those containing two glycidyl groups, B-methylglycidyl groups or 2,3-epoxycyclopentyl groups bonded to a heteroatom (e.g. sulfur or, preferably, oxygen or nitrogen), especially bis(2,3-epoxycyclopentyl) ether; diglycidyl ethers of polyhydric aliphatic alcohols such as butane-1,4-diol, or of polyalkylene glycols such as polypropylene glycol; diglycidyl ethers of cycloaliphatic polyols such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane; diglycidyl ethers of poly-hydric phenols such as resorcinol, bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane (= diomethane), 2,2-bis(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-bromophenyl)propane and 1,3-di(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethane; di(B-methyl-glycidyl) ethers of the dihydric alcohols or dihydric phenols listed above; diglycidyl esters of dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, ~-tetrahydrophthalic acid and hexahydrophthalic acid;
N,N-diglycidyl derivatives of primary amines and amides and heterocyclic nitrogen bases containing two N atoms, and N,N'-diglycidyl derivatives of disecondary diamides and diamines, such as N,N-diglycidylaniline, N,N-di-glycidyltoluidine, N,N-diglycidyl-p-aminophenyl methyl ether and N,N'-di-methyl-N,N'-diglycidyl-bis(p-aminophenyl)methane; N',N"-diglycidyl-N-phenyl isocyanurate; N,N'-diglycidylethyleneurea; N,N'-diglycidyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, N,N'-diglycidyl-5-isopropylhydantoin, N,N-methylene-bis(N',N'-diglycidyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin) and 1,3-bis(N-glycidyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin)-2-hydroxypropane; and N,N'-diglycidyl-5,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,6-dihydrouracil.
The glycidyl compounds can be reacted with aliphatic, cycloaliphatic oraromatic diols to give the preferred polyadducts, a secondary alcohol group, which can be esterified with carboxylic acids containing Cl, Br and/or I, being formed by addition on to the glycidyl group.
However, the glycidyl compounds can also be reacted with the following compounds to give linear polyadducts by polyaddition: primary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic monoamines (e.g. aniline, toluidine, C1-C1z-alkylamines, Cz-C12hydroxyalkylamines), aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids (e.g. maleic acid, adipic acid, trimethyl-adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, succinic acid, dodecylsuccinic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, ~4-tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexa-hydrophthalic acid, ~4-methylhexahydrophthalic acid, 3,6-endomethylene-~4-tetrahydrophthalic acid, 4-methyl-3,6-endomethylene-~4-tetrahydro-phthalic acid) or aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic bis-secondary amines or bis-secondary carboxamides (e.g. N,N'-dimethyl-ethylenediamine, N,N'-dimethylpropylene-1,3-diamine, N,N'-dimethylhexa-methylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexylhexamethylenediamine, N,N',N"-tri-methyldiethylenetriamine, N,N'-diethylpropylene-1,3-diamine, N-methyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-3-(methylaminomethyl)cyclohexylamine, N,N'-dimethylated or N,N'-diethylated aromatic diamines, e.g. m- or p-phenylenediamine, bis(4-aminophenyl)methane or bis(4-aminophenyl) sulfone, 2,2-bis(4-amino-phenyl)propane, N,N-dimethyl-m-xylylenediamine, as well as ethyleneurea, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 5-isopropylhydantoin, N,N-methylene-bis-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 1,3-bis(5,5-dimethylhydantoin)-2-hydroxypropane, 5,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,6-dihydrouracil).
It is preferred to use a compound in which the polyadduct contains a) 100 to 0.1 mol% of identical or different structural units of formula V
_o-R2 4 -O-CH2-lCH-CH2-OR2s- (V) R2 6 OcOc H x2 m n o and b) 99.9 to O mol% of identical or different structural units of formula VI
-o-R24-o-CH2-CIH-CHz-oR2s- (VI) R' based on the polyadduct, wherein R24 and R2s are independently of the other the radical of a diol containing aliphatic or aromatic diol groups, from which two hydroxyl groups have been removed, R' is H, unsubstituted - 1 ~3778~
or OH-substituted Cl-C20alkyl, C1-C20acyl or aminocarbonyl N-substituted by a Cl-C2ohydrocarbon radical, -oR2 6 - iS a direct bond or R2 6 iS
ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by Cl-Cl6alkyl.
The composition preferably contains 100 to 20 and especially 30 to 100 mol% of structural units of formula V and 80 to 0 and especially 70 to 0 mol% of structural units of formula VI.
In a preferred embodiment, R2 4 and R25 are identical radicals. R2 4 and R2s as radicals having aliphatic diol groups preferably contain 2 to 12 and especially 2 to 8 C atoms. The hydroxyl groups can be bonded to open-chain or cyclic aliphatic radicals. Examples of typical aliphatic radicals are linear or branched C2-C12alkylene, C3-Cgcycloalkylene, C1-C4alkyl-Cs-Cgcycloalkyl, cyclohexylmethylene or cyclohexyldimethylene.
Examples are ethylene, 1,2- or 1,3-propylene, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-butylene, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4- or 1,5-pentylene, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5- or 1,6-hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, 1,3-cyclopentylene, 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexylene, 2-methyl-1,4-cyclohexylene and cyclohexyl-1,4-dimethylene.
The aromatic diol groups of the diols used for the polyadducts are especially phenolic groups. The diol radicals having phenolic groups preferably contain 6-30 and especially 6-20 C atoms. A preferred embodiment consists of compositions in which R24 and R2s are independently of the other a radical of the formula Y
wherein X1 is a direct bond, C1-C4alkylene, C2-C12alkylidene, Cs-Cgcyclo-alkylidene, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -CO-, -CO2-, -N(C1-C4alkyl)- or -Si(CH3)2-, R27 and R28 are independently of the other H, halogen, C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, x is 0, 1 or 2 and y is 0 or 1.
.
X1 is preferably a direct bond, methylene, ethylene, C2-C6alkylidene, cyclohexylidene, cyclopentylidene, -O- or -5-. R27 and R28 are preferably H or methyl and y is preferably 1.
R2~ and R2s are especially the radical ~ H3~
\-=-/ CH3\-=-/
R2s as alkyl-substituted ethylene preferably contains C1-C4alkyl and especially C1 or Czalkyl. Ethylene, 1,2-propylene and 1,2- or 2,3 butylene are especially preferred.
R' as C1-C2oalkyl can be linear or branched. R' as acyl can be e.g.
Cl-C20alkyl-CO-, Cs-C8cycloalkyl-CO-, Cl-Clsalkyl-Cs-cgcycloalkyl-co-~Cs-Cgcycloalkyl-CH2-CO-, C1-C14alkyl-Cs-Cgcycloalkyl-CHz-CO-, phenyl-CO-, benzyl-CO-, C1-C14alkyl-phenyl-CO- or C1-C14alkyl-benzyl-CO-. The hydro-carbon radical in the aminocarbonyl can be e.g. C1-C20alkyl-, Cs-Cgcyclo-alkyl-, C1-C1salkyl-Cs-C8cycloalkyl-, Cs-Cgcycloalkyl-CHz-, C1-C14alkyl-Cs-Cgcycloalkyl-CH2-, phenyl-, benzyl-, C1-C14alkyl-phenyl- or C1-C14-alkyl-benzyl-. R' is preferably H.
In another preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer of componenta) is a homopolymer or copolymer of an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid ester containing chlorinated, brominated and/or iodinated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups in the ester group.
In an especially preferred embodiment, the polymer contains a) 0.1 to 100 mol% of at least one structural unit of formula III
~17 -CHz-~- (III), ¢=O
oRl 8 and b) O to 99.9 mol% of at least one structural unit of formula IV
_ ~ ~ _ (IV) 19 2l based on the polymer, wherein Rl7 is H or methyl; Rl8 is a radical ~R22-O-CO~--C H X2, wherein z is O or 1, m is a number from 1 to z m n o 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl, Br or I and R22 is C2-C12alkylene, C4-C1zcyclo-alkylene, C4-C12cycloalkylene-CHz-, Cz-Cl2cycloalkylene-~CH2~, benzylene or xylylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl; R19 is H, C1-C6alkyl or -CooR23; R20 is H, F, Cl, CN or C1-C6-alkyl and R21 is H, F, Cl, CN, R23-o-, C1-C1zalkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -COOR22-OH, -COOCHzC~-~Hz or phenyl, wherein R22 is as defined above and R23 is C1-C18alkyl, Cs-C7cycloalkyl, (Cl-Clzalkyl)-Cs-C~cycloalkyl, phenyl, (C1-C12alkyl)phenyl, benzyl or (Cl-Clzalkyl)benzyl.
The polymer preferably contains 100 to 20 and especially 100 to 30 mol%of structural units of formula III and 80 to O and especially 70 to O mol% of structural units of formula IV.
R17 is preferably methyl. X2, m, n and o have the preferred meanings given above and z is preferably 1.
R2 2 iS preferably unsubstituted or substituted by OH or Cl. R2 2 as alkylene preferably contains 2 to 6 C atoms. The alkylene can be linear or branched. Examples are ethylene and the isomers of propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene and dodecylene. R2 2 as cycloalkylene is especially cyclo-hexylene and, in the radicals containing cycloalkylene, is preferably cyclohexylene.
R2 3 can be linear or branched C1-Cl /3, preferably Cl-C1 2 and especially Cl-C6alkyl. R2 3 as cycloalkyl is especially cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
When R23 is (C1-Cl2alkyl)cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl is especially cyclo-pentyl or cyclohexyl and the alkyl group can be linear or branched and preferably contains 1 to 6 and especially 1 to 4 C atoms. When R2 3 is alkylphenyl or alkylbenzyl, the alkyl group can be linear or branched and preferably contains 1 to 6 and especially 1 to 4 C atoms.
R19 is preferably H. R19 as alkyl is preferably methyl or ethyl. When R19 is -COOR2 3, R2 3 is preferably C1-C12 and especially C1-C6alkyl.
R20 as alkyl is preferably C1-C4alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl. RZ is preferably H, Cl or C1-C4alkyl.
When R2l is the group R23-o-, R23 is preferably C1-C12 and especially C1-C6alkyl. R21 as alkyl preferably contains 1 to 6 and especially 1 to 4 C atoms. When R21 is the group -COOR2 3, R2 3 iS preferably C1-C1 2 and especially C1-C6alkyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. When R21 is the group -oCo-R23, R23 is preferably C1-C12 and especially C1-C6alkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
When R21 is the group -COOR2 2 OH, R2 2 has the preferred meanings given above.
In a preferred embodiment, R19 is H, R20 is H, F, Cl, methyl or ethyl and R21 is F, Cl, CN, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, -COO-C1-Csalkyl, -COO-R22-OH, -OOC-C1-C6alkyl or phenyl.
In a preferred composition, R17 is methyl; R13 is a radical R22-O-CO-C H X2, wherein m is a number from 1 to 6, n is O or a number m n o from 1 to 12, o is a number from 1 to 13 and n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl and R22 is Cz-C6alkylene, cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, cyclopentylene-CH2-, cyclohexylene-CH2- or cyclohexylene-~CH2~ which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH or Cl; R19 is H; R20 is H, F, Cl or C1-C4alkyl; and R2l is H, F, Cl, CN, R23-o-, C1-C6alkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -COOR22-OH, _ 19 _ -COOCH2C~-~Hz or phenyl, R2 2 being as defined above and R2 3 being C1-C6alkyl, Cs or C6cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
In another preferred composition, R~7 is methyl; R1 8 iS a radical R22-O-CO-C H X2, wherein m is a number from 1 to 4, n is O or a number m n o from 1 to 8, o is a number from 1 to 13 and n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl and R2 2 iS linear C2-C6alkylene or -CH2CHOHCH2-; R19 and R20 are H; and R
is -COOR2 2 OH or -CooR23, wherein R2 2 is as defined above and R23 is l-C6alkyl .
Especially preferred compositions are those in which, in formula III, R17 is H or CH3 and R2 2 is linear or branched C2-C6alkylene, cyclopentylene or cyclohexylene, and in formula IV, R19 is H, R20 is H or methyl and R
is -CooR23 or -COOR220H, R22 and R23 being as defined above, intluding the preferred meanings.
In another preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer of componenta) is a homopolymer or copolymer of vinyl alcohol in which the H atom of the secondary OH group is at least partially substituted by a group -Y-C H X2, wherein Ylis a direct bond, -CO- or -R26-O-CO-, x2 is Cl, Br m n o or I, m is a number from 1 to 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, R26 being ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl.
The compositions preferably contain copolymers.
Preferred compositions are those in which the copolymer contains a) 90 to 0.1 mol% of structural units of formula VII
_ - ,C- (VII), OYC H x2 m n o 1 33~7~30 and b) 99.9 to 10 mol5/O of identical or different structural units of formula VIII
y ~20 -~ ~- (VIII), Rl9 R29 wherein Y is a direct bond, -CO- or -R26-O-CO-, R2s being ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl; X2 is Cl, Br or I; m is a number from 1 to 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1; R19 is H, C~-C6alkyl or -CooR23; R20 is H, F, Cl, CN or C1-C6alkyl; and R29 is H, F, Cl, CN, OH, RZ30-, C1-C1zalkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -OR220H or phenyl, R23 being C1-C1aalkyl, Cs-C7cyclo-alkyl, (C1-C12alkyl)-Cs-C7cycloalkyl, phenyl, (C1-C12alkyl)phenyl, benzyl or (C1-C12alkyl)benzyl and R22 being ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl.
The compositions preferably contain 70 to 10 and especially 60 to 20 mol%
of structural units of formula VII and 30 to 90 and especially 40 to 80 mol% of structural units of formula VIII.
R19 and R20 in formula VIII have the preferred meanings given above. R22 and R2 3 also have the preferred meanings given above.
R29is preferably H, F, Cl, CN, OH, R23-o-, C1-C4alkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, phenyl, -OCH2CH20H or -OCH2CH(CH3)0H, R23 being C1-C6alkyl.
Especially preferred compositions are those in which R1 9 and R20 are Hand R29 is -oCoR23, wherein R23 is C1-C1aalkyl~ Cs-C7cycloalkyl~ (C1-C12-alkyl)-Cs-C7cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, (C1-C12alkyl)phenyl or (C1-C12-alkyl)benzyl.
In a preferred embodiment, Ylis a direct bond, -CO-, -CH2CH20-CO- or -CH2CH(CH3)0-CO-; x2 is Cl; m is a number from 1 to 6, n is O or a number from 1 to 12, o is a number from 1 to 13 and n + o = 2m + 1; R19 and R20 are H; and R29 is H, F, Cl, CN, OH, R230-, cl-c4alkyl~ -CooR23, -O-CO-R23, phenyl, -OCH2CH20H or -OCH2CH(CH3)0H, R23 being C1-C6alkyl, Cs or C6cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
The invention further relates to a composition comprising a) a thermoplastic polymer which contains aliphatic or cycloaliphatic side groups bonded to a polymer backbone via a group -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-OR22-OCO- or -CO-O-, said side groups containing at least one Cl, Br or I atom in the ~-, B-, r- or ~-position, R22 being Cz-C1zalkylene, C4-Clzcycloalkylene, C4-Clzcycloalkylene-CHz-, C4-Clzcyclo-alkylene-~CHz~, benzylene or xylylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl, and b) a compound of formula I and/or formula Ia R~ R3 ~ ~,3\ / ~
l6 il 3 1 ( I), I6 il . 1 32 -I ( Ia), R2 ~ \R4 R6 ~ \R8 X ~ X--~
wherein X is S, Se or Te, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently of the others a hydrogen atom or Cl, or R1 and R2, and R3 and R4, together are each ~-\ /S\ ~N\ /S\
i1 or i i1 or S/ ~N/ \S/
Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are each phenylthio, 4-methylphenylthio, 4-methoxy-phenylthio or pyrid-4-ylthio, and Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are independently of the others H or F, or Rs is CH3 and R6, R7 and R8 are H, or Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are CH3, or Rs and R6 are CH3 or Cl and R7 and R8 are H, or Rs and R6 are H, R7 is -COR9 and Rt is H or -COR9, or Rs and R6 are H and R7 and R8 together are -CO-O-CO- or -CO-NR10-CO-, wherein R9 is halogen, -OH, -NHz, the radical of an alcohol or of a primary or secondary amine, or -OM, M being a cation, and R10 is H or the radical of a primary amine from which the NH2 group has been removed, and c) if desired, an inert organic solvent.
The composition of the invention can additionally contain a solvent for a soluble polymer and component b). Examples of suitable solvents are polar aprotic solvents, which can be used by themselves or in mixtures of at least two solvents. Examples are: ethers such as dibutyl ether, tetra-hydrofuran and dioxane, methylene glycol, dimethylethylene glycol, dimethyldiethylene glycol, diethyldiethylene glycol and dimethyltri-ethylene glycol, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, l,l,l-trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetra-chloroethane, carboxylic acid esters and lactones such as ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl benzoate, 2-methoxyethyl acetate, r-butyro-lactone, ~-valerolactone and pivalolactone, carboxamides and lactams such as N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-diethylacetamide, r-butyrolactam, E-capro-lactam, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-acetylpyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, tetramethylurea and hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfones such as dimethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, trimethylene sulfone and tetramethylene sulfone, N-methyl-pyrrolidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, and substituted benzenes such as benzonitrile, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, toluene and xylene.
The composition of the invention can additionally contain auxiliaries required for processing and use, e.g. plasticizers, flow control agents, mould release agents, fillers, flameproofing agents, antioxidants and light stabilizers, other stabilizers, dyes and pigments.
Most preferably, the composition of the invention additionally contains a thermoplastic polymer differing from component a). Examples of additional polymers have been described previously. The addition of these polymers makes it possible to avoid too high a proportion of the halogenated poly-mer of component a). The proportion of the thermoplastic polymer can be e.g. up to 95 % by weight and preferably up to 80 % by weight, based on the halogenated polymer of component a).
-- The halogenated polymer of component a) is convenlently present at least in a sufficlent amount to form CT complexes of the compounds of component b). The amount to be used depends essentlally on the degree of halogenatlon of the side groups of polymer a) and on the proportion of such side groups ln polymer a). The amount can be chosen so that 0.5 to 2 and especlally 1 to 2 mol of halogen (Cl, Br, I) are present in the side groups of the polymer of component a), per mol of compound of formula I or Ia. It is advantageous to use an excess of polymer a).
Component b) ls preferably present in an amount of 0.01 to 20 % by weight, especially 0.05 to 10 % by weight and more especlally 0.1 to 5 % by welght, based on the polymer of component a).
In other respects, the preferences indlcated above apply to thls compound.
Thls compound of the lnventlon ls prepared slmply by mlxlng the components, a solvent being used as well if deslred. The mlxlng process can also be combined wlth a shaplng process uslng known methods, e.g. casting, in~ection mouldlng, calendering or extrusion.
The invention of the parent appllcatlon further relates to a process for the preparatlon of the composltlons contalnlng CT complexes, whlch comprlses allowlng a) a thermoplastlc polymer whlch contalns allphatlc or cycloallphatlc slde groups bonded to a polymer backbone vla a group -O-, -0-CO-, -CO-OR22-OC0- or -CO-O-, sald slde groups contalnlng at least one Cl, Br or I atom ln the a-, ~-, y- or ~-posltlon, to act on b) a compound of formula I and/or formula Ia Rs\ ~ /R7 i6 il 3i (I), i67 il ! ! ,,32! (Ia), R2/ ~ R~ R6 ~ \Rt wherein X is 5, Se or Te, Rl, R2, R3 and R~ are independently of the others a hydrogen atom or Cl, or Rl and R2, and R3 and R4, together are each ~-\ /S\ ~N\ /S\
11 or i i1 or ~- S/ ~N S
Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are each phenylthio, 4-methylphenylthio, 4-methoxy-phenylthio or pyrid-4-ylthio, and Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are independently of the others H or F, or Rs is CH3 and R6, R7 and R8 are H, or Rs, R6, R7 and R8 are CH3, or Rs and Rs are CH3 or Cl and R7 and R8 are H, or Rs and R6 are H, R7 is -COR9 and R8 is H or -COR9, or Rs and R6 are H and R7 and R8 together are -CO-O-CO- or -CO-NRl-CO-, wherein R9 is halogen, -OH, -NH2, the radical of an alcohol or of a primary or secondary amine, or -OM, M being a cation, and Rl~ is H or the radical of a primary amine from which the NHz group has been removed.
The process is advantageously carried out with an input of energy. The energy can be e.g. thermal energy or radiation energy. In the case of radiation energy, irradiation can be carried out e.g. imagewise through a mask or by means of imagewise control of a light beam, or over the whole surface. Thermal energy means, for example, an elevated temperature such as a temperature of 25 to 350C, especially 50 to 200C. Simultaneous thermal curing is possible when thermoset-forming constituents are also used.
In one preferred embodiment, the process is carried out in the presenceof an inert organic solvent which evaporates at elevated temperature.
In another preferred embodiment, component a) is used in a greater amount than is necessary to form the CT complex.
Ihe halogen-containing polymer a) can be mixed e.g. with a compound of formula I and/or Ia and, if desired, with solvents and additional poly-mers. The mixing process can be combined with a simultaneous shaping ~ 25 l 337780 21489-7823E
process, e.g. casting, injection moulding, extrusion or calendering. The temperature required to form CT complexes can be reached e.g. during the shaping process. However, heat can also be applied after the shaping process. When solvents are also used, they are advantageously removed by heating.
The invention of the parent application further relates to electrically conducting or antistatic compositions obtainable by the process of the invention.
The compositions of the invention of the parent application containing a CT complex produce valuable semifinished products or shaped articles, or mouldings, e.g. sheets, films, filaments, fibres, composites or coatings, which are antistatic or electrically conducting.
The invention of the parent application further relates to the use of the composition of the invention, containing a compound of formula I or Ia, for the production of a) antistatic and/or b) electrically conducting mouldings, sheets, filaments, fibres, coatings or composites.
The invention of the parent application further relates to shaped articles, films, coatings and composites produced from a composition of the invention containing a CT complex.
A preferred field of application is the production of coatings or sheets e.g. by extrusion or by casting or coating.
They can be used for the electrostatic shielding of components.
The sheets are flexible electrical conductors from which electrodes can be produced, e.g. for display elements.
Transparent embodiments are also possible, depending on the polymer or polymer mixture used.
-25a 21489-7823E
The compositions of the invention of the parent application containing a CT complex are distinguished by a high chemical stability and heat stability and a low migration of the CT complexes. Furthermore, surprisingly high conductivities are achieved, which can be as much as 25% of the conductivity of the pure CT complexes. The CT complexes form a network of electrically conductlng crystal needles ln the polymer matrlx.
The hlgh stablllty ls such that there ls llttle or no loss of electrlcal conductlvlty ln use.
The thermoplastlc polymers of component a) can be prepared ln a manner known per se by esterlfying a polymer contalnlng carboxyl groups, or lts ester-formlng derlvatlves (e.g. polymethacryllc acld or esters thereof), wlth a Cl-, Br-and/or I-substltuted alcohol, or etherlfylng a polymer contalnlng hydroxyl groups (e.g. polyadducts of compounds contalnlng 2 epoxy groups or hydroxyalkylated derlvatlves thereof, polyhydroxyalkyl methacrylates, polyvlnyl alcohols or hydroxyalkylated derlvatlves thereof) wlth a Cl-, Br- or I-substltuted alcohol, or esterlfylng lt wlth a Cl-, Br- or I-substltuted carboxyllc acld or lts ester-formlng derlvatlves, e.g. esters or acld halldes. The reactlon ls convenlently carried out ln a solvent and ln the temperature range from -20C to 100C. The deslred polymer can be lsolated e.g. by evaporatlng off the volatlle consltuents, lf necessary under vacuum, or preclpltatlng the polymer from the reactlon solutlon wlth water and drylng lt. In thls case, however, halogenated carboxyllc acld radlcals can be partlally cleaved by hydrolysls.
The lnventlon of a flrst dlvlslonal appllcatlon relates to a homopolymer or copolymer of acryllc acld or methacryllc acld esters whlch contalns allphatlc or cycloallphatlc groups ln the ester group, sald allphatlc or cycloallphatlc groups belng chlorlnated, bromlnated and/or lodlnated ln the a-, ~-, y- or ~-posltlon.
Preferred homopolymers and copolymers are those ln whlch the ester group contalns groups -~R22-0-CO ~ CmHnXo bonded to the O atom of the carboxyl group, whereln z ls O or 1, m ls a number from 1 to 12, n ls O or a number from 1 to 24, o ls a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m ~ 1, x2 ls Cl, Br or I and R22 ls C2-C12alkylene, C4 C12cy 4 C12-cycloalkylene-CH2-, C2-C12cycloalkYlene ( CH2 ) 2 benzylene or xylylene whlch ls unsubstltuted or substltuted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl.
, t 337780 In a preferred embodiment, the homopolymer or copolymer contains a) 0.1 to 100 mol% of at least one structural unit of formula III
-CHz-Ç- (III), ¢=o ORl 8 and b) 0 to 99.9 mol% of at least one structural unit of formula IV
~ ~20 _ Ç - (IV) based on the polymer, wherein R17 is H or methyl; R13 is a radical (R22-O-CO~--C H X2, wherein z is O or 1, m is a number from 1 to z m n o 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl, Br or I and R22 is C2-C12alkylene, C4-C12cyclo-alkylene, C4-Clzcycloalkylene-CH2-, Cz-Cl2cycloalkylene-~CH2~.
benzylene or xylylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, Cl, Br or phenyl; Rl9 is H, C1-C6alkyl or -COOR2 3; R20 is H, F, Cl, CN or Cl-C6-alkyl; and R21 is H, F, Cl, CN, R23-o-, C1-Clzalkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -COOR22-OH, -COOCH2C~-~H2 or phenyl, R22 being as defined above and R23 being Cl-Clgalkyl, Cs-C7cycloalkyl, (C1-C12alkyl)-Cs-C7cycloalkyl~
phenyl, (C1-C12alkyl)phenyl, benzyl or (C1-Cl2alkyl)benzyl.
In an especially preferred embodiment, Rl7 is methyl; R13 is a radical R22-O-CO-C H X2, wherein m is a number from 1 to 6, n is 0 or a number m n o from 1 to 12, o is a number from 1 to 13 and n + o = 2m + 1, x2 is Cl and R22 is Cz-C6alkylene, cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, cyclopentylene-CHz-, cyclohexylene-CH2- or cyclohexylene-~CH2~ which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH or Cl; R19 is H R20 is H, F, Cl or C~-C4alkyl: and R21 is H, F, Cl, CN, R23-o-, C1-C6alkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -COOR22-OH, -COOCH2C~-~H2 or phenyl, R2 2 being as defined above and R2 3 being C1-C6alkyl, Cs or C6cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
-R is in particular a radical -R -O-CO-CmHnXo, wherein R is linear or branched C2-C6 alkylene, x2 is Cl, M is a number from 1 to 4, n is O or a number from 1 to 8, o is a number from 1 to 9 and n + o = 2m + 1.
The group -CmHngo is in particular -CH2Cl, -CHCl2, -CC13, -CHClCH3, -CC12CH3, -CHCl-CH2Cl, -CC12-CH2Cl, -CHCl-CHCl2, -CC12-CHC12, -CC12-CC13, -CH2-CH2Cl, -CH2-CHC12 or -CH2-CC13.
The invention of this second divisional application relates to a thermoplastic homopolymer or copolymer which is a linear polyadduct of a glycidyl compound containing an average of more than one epoxy group, and a diol, or a primary monoamine, or a disecondary diamine, or a disecondary linear or cyclic dicarboxylic acid diamide or a dicarboxylic acid or a mixture thereof, in which polyadduct the H atom of the secondary OH groups is at least partially substituted by a group -CO-CmHnXo, wherein m is a number from 1 to 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o - 2m + 1, and x2 is Cl, Br or I.
In a preferred embodiment, the polyadduct contains a) 100 to 0.1 mol% of identical or different structural units of formula V
-o-R24-o-CH2-CH-CH2-oR25- (V) OR OCOC H X
m n o and b) 99.9 to O mol~ of identical or different structural units of formula VI
28a 1 3 3 7 7 8 21489-7823E
-O-R -O-CH2-CH-CH2-OR - (VI) OR' based on the polyadduct, wherein R24 and R25 are independently of the other the radical of a diol containing aliphatic or aromatic diol groups, from which two hydroxyl groups have been removed, R' is H, unsubstituted or OH-substituted C1-C20alkyl, C1-C20acyl or aminocarbonyl N-substituted .~
by a C1-Czohydrocarbon radical, -OR26- is a direct bond or R26 is ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl, and X2, m, n and o are as defined above.
In particular, R24 and R2s are independently of the other a radical of the formula Xl~
wherein X1 is a direct bond, C1-C4alkylene, C2-C12alkylidene, Cs-Cacyclo-alkylidene, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SOz-, -CO-, -COz-, -N(C1-C4alkyl)- or -Si(CH3)z-, R27 and R23 are independently of the other H, halogen, C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, x is 0, 1 or 2 and y is O or 1.
R24 and R2s are most especially the radical CH3~
=- CH3 =-In a preferred embodiment, -oR2 6 - iS a direct bond, x2 is Cl, m is a number from 1 to 4, n is O or a number from 1 to 8, o is a number from 1 to 9 and n + o = 2m + 1.
In an especially preferred embodiment, the group -CmHnXo is -CH2Cl, -CHClz, -CCl3, -CHClCH3, -CClzCH3, -CHCl-CHzCl, -CCl2-CH2Cl, -CHCl-CHClz, -CCl2-CHCl2, -CCl2-CCl3, -CH2-CH2Cl, -CHz-CHClz or -CH 2 -CCl3.
The invention further relates to a homopolymer or copolymer which is a homopolymer or copolymer of vinyl alcohol in which the H atom of the secondary OH group is at least partially substituted by a group -Y1-C H X1, wherein y1 is -CO- or -R26-O-CO-, X1 is Cl, Br or I, m is a m n o number from 1 to 12, n is 0 or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, R26 being ethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl.
It is preferred to use a homopolymer or copolymer in whlch the copolymer contains a) 90 to 0.1 mol% of structural units of formula VII
_ _ (VII), YC H x2 m n o and b) 99.9 to 10 mol% of identical or different structural units of formula VIII
zo -~ ~- (VIII), wherein yl is -CO- or -R26-O-CO-, R26 being ethylene which is unsubsti-tuted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl; x2 is Cl, Br or I; m is a number from 1 to 12, n is O or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1; R19 is H, C1-C6alkyl or -COOR2 3; R20 is H, F, Cl, CN
or C1-C6alkyl; and R29 is H, F, Cl, CN, OH, R230-, C1-C12alkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, -OR220H or phenyl, R23 being C1-C1,oalkyl, Cs-C7cycloalkyl, (C1-C12alkyl)-Cs-C7cycloalkyl, phenyl, (C1-C1zalkyl)phenyl, benzyl or (C1-C12alkyl)benzyl and R22 being ethylene which is unsubstituted or substitutet by C1-C1 6 alkyl.
In a preferred embodiment, yl is -CO-, -CH2CH20-CO- or -CH2CH(CH2)0-CO-;
X2 is Cl; m is a number from 1 to 6, n is 0 or a number from 1 to 12, o is a number from 1 to 13 and n + o = 2m + 1; R19 and R20 are H; and R29 is H, F, Cl, CN, OH, R230-, C1-C~alkyl, -CooR23, -o-Co-R23, phenyl, -OCH2CHzOH or -OCH2CH(CH3)0H, R23 being C1-C6alkyl, Cs or C6cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
Preferably, x2 is Cl, m is a number from 1 to 4, n is O or a number from 1 to 8, o is a number from 1 to 9 and n + o = 2m + 1.
1 33778~
The group -CmHnXo is especially -CH2Cl, -CHCl2, -CCl3, -CHClCH3, -CC12CH3, -CHCl-CH2Cl, -CC12-CH2Cl, -CHCl-CHC12, -CC12-CHC12, -CC2-CC13, -CH2-CH2Cl, -CH2-CHC12 or -CH2-CCl3.
In other respects, the preferences lndlcated above for the composltlons apply to the polymers. It has been found that, ln addltlon to thelr property of formlng CT complexes wlth the compounds of formulae I and Ia, the polymers can substantially lmprove the adheslveness of thermoplastlcs and thermosets on substrates such as metals, wood, glass and plastlcs, lt belng posslble to lncorporate only small amounts, e.g. up to 5 % by welght, of the polymers of the lnventlon lnto the thermopolastlcs or thermosets.
The followlng Examples lllustrate the lnventlons of the parent and dlvlslonal appllcatlons ln greater detall.
A) PreParatory ExamPles Examples 1-7: Preparatlon of -~CH2~H--CH
~CH2~H--CH
- -b 28.4 g of a polyaddltlon polymer of blsphenol A and blsphenol A dlglycldyl ether (Mw = 20,000) are dlssolved ln 200 ml of dlmethylformamlde and 60 ml of pyrldlne. 12.1 g of choroacetyl chlorlde are added dropwlse at 0C, wlth stlrrlng and wlth the excluslon of molsture. Stlrrlng ls contlnued for 8 h at room temperature and the product ls ~i~
~ 21489-7823E
~ 337781~
precipltated in water. The isolated polymer of Example 3 is dried at 80~C
under high vacuum. The content of incorporated chloroacetic acid ester radicals is determined from the elemental analysis.
The polymers in Table 1 are prepared in analogous manner.
Table 1:
Example R n (calculated) n (found)Tg M
no. b b (C) w (n = ) (n =
a+b a+b 1 -CHzCl 0,1 0,05 44100 2 -CHzCl 0,5 0,25 104 26500 3 -CHzCl 1,0 0,75 83 26600 4 -CCl3 0,1 0,OS 79000 -CCl3 1,0 1,0 66 94000 6 -CHCl-CHzCl 0,1 0,03 102 65000 7 -CHCl-CH 2 Cl 0,5 0,25 18000 1) Determined by gel permeation chromatography Example 8: 27.8 g (0.19 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate and 122.92 g (1.08 mol) of ethyl methacrylate are heated to 70C in 600 ml of dioxane, under nitrogen and with stirring, and 750 mg of AiBN are added. After 16 h, the polymer formed is isolated by precipitation in ice water.
Yield: 130.57 g (87 %), epoxy content: 1.27 meq/g (theoretical:
1.267 meq/g), M = 86,000.
7.87 g of polymer (10 mmol of epoxy groups) are dissolved in 80 ml of dioxane, ant 0.8 ml (0.01 mol) of chloroacetyl chloride and 2.4 ml of pyridine are added dropwise at room temperature. When the addition is complete, the mixture is heated for 1 h at 50C and then left to cool and the polymer is isolated by precipitation in diethyl ether.
M = 32,700, T : 78C, chlorine content: 6.54 % (calculated: 7.86 %).
Example 9: The procedure is as in Example 8, except that 0.005 mol of benzoyl chloride is used instead of chloroacetyl chloride.
M = 17,300, Tg: 92C, chlorine content: I.2 % (calculated: 2.1 %).
Reaction with carboxylic acids Example 10: 7.87 g (0.01 mol of epoxy groups) of poly(ethyl methacrylate/glycidyl methacrylate - 85/15), prepared by the process acc~rding to Example 8, are dissolved in 100 ml of dioxane, and 1.71 g (0.01 mol) of 2,3-dichloropropionic acid and 96 mg of benzyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride are added. After 10 h of reflux, the mixture is left to cool and the converted polymer is isolated by precipitation in ice water.
Yield: 87.6 %, T : 93C, chlorine content: 4.33 % (calculated: 7.74 %).
Example 11: The procedure is as in Example 10, except that 0.01 mol of chloroacetic acid is used instead of 2,3-dichloropropionic acid.
M = 127,000, T : 88C, chlorine content: 1.6 % (calculated: 4.02 %).
B) Application Examples:
Examples 12-23: 1.6 mg of tetraselenotetracene (TSeT) are dissolved in 9 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF) at 120C and added to a solution of 100 mg of the polymer according to Example 1 in 1 ml of DMF. The solution is then poured on to a preheated glass plate. A transparent film with a needle network of crystal needles of electrically conducting (TSeT)zCl in a polymer matrix remains after evaporation of the solvent in the tempera-ture range from 90 to 130C. The films according to Examples 13 to 23 in Tables 2 and 3 are produced in the same way, an additional polymer (poly-mer 2) also being used in Examples 16 to 23. The conductivity of the films is between 0.1 and 1 S/cm.
~ 34 ~ 1337780 Table 2:
Example Polymer TSeT (mg) Morphology of the 1) no. according 100 needle network to Exammple no. Polymer (mg) 12 7 1,6 +
13 1 1,6 ++
14 2 1,6 +
6 1,6 ++
) + extensively homogeneous needle networks (electrically conducting) ++ irregular needle networks (electrically conducting) Table 3:
Example Polymer (1) Polymer (2) Polymer(l)in g TSeT Morphology of no. according to (mg) the needle Example no. Polymer(2)in g network 16 5 Polyimide 1) 0,43 1,6 + 4 ) 17 7 Polyimide 1) 1 1,6 + 4 ) 18 5 Polyimide 1) 0,1 1,5 ++
19 7 Polyimide 1) 0,05 1,6 _ 3 7 Polyimide 1) 0,1 1,6 ++
21 1 Phenoxy- 1,0 1,6 +
polymer 2 ) 22 1 Phenoxy- 9 1,6 ++
polymer 2 ) 23 1 Phenoxy- 0,1 1,5 (-) polymer 2 ) polyimide derived from benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, diaminodurol and 3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-diethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl-methane (H = 40,000).
2 ) polyadduct of bisphenol A a~d bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (M = 20,000) 3) short needles, not conducting over their whole surface 4 ) opaque sheets (demixing of the polymers) ~ 337780 Examples 24-27: 100 mg of polymer are dissolved in 2 ml of DMF at 120C.
This solution is added, with vigorous stirring, to a hot solution, at 120C, of 1.6 mg of 2-fluorotetraselenotetracene in DMF and the resulting solution is poured into hot Petri dishes at 100-140C. Electrically con-ducting polymer films remain after evaporation of the solvent. The electrical conductivity is determined by the 4-point method (see Table 4).
Table 4:
ExamplePolymer according Conductivity to Example Q (Ohm am 1) 24 8 0,21 9 0,08 26 10 0,01 27 11 0,12
Claims (6)
1. A thermoplastic homopolymer or copolymer which is a linear polyadduct of a glycidyl compound containing an average of more than one epoxy group, and a diol or a primary monoamine, or a disecondary diamine, or a disecondary linear or cyclic dicarboxylic acid diamide or a dicarboxylic acid or a mixture thereof, in which polyadduct the H atom of the secondary OH groups is at least partially substituted by a group -CO-CmHnX?, wherein m is a number from 1 to 12, n is 0 or a number from 1 to 24, o is a number from 1 to 25 and n + o = 2m + 1, and X2 is Cl, Br or I.
2. A thermoplastic homopolymer or copolymer according to claim 1, wherein the polyadduct contains a) 100 to 0.1 mol% of identical or different structural units of formula V
(V) and b) 99.9 to 0 mol% of identical or different structural units of formula VI
(VI) based on the polyadduct, wherein R24 and R25 are independently of the other the radical of a diol containing aliphatic or aromatic diol groups, from which two hydroxyl groups have been removed, R' is H, unsubstituted or OH-substituted C1-C20alkyl, C1-C20acyl or aminocarbonyl N-substituted by a C1-C20hydrocarbonyl radical, -OR26- is a direct bond or R26 is ethylene which is unsubstsituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl, and X2, m, n and o are as defined in claim 1.
(V) and b) 99.9 to 0 mol% of identical or different structural units of formula VI
(VI) based on the polyadduct, wherein R24 and R25 are independently of the other the radical of a diol containing aliphatic or aromatic diol groups, from which two hydroxyl groups have been removed, R' is H, unsubstituted or OH-substituted C1-C20alkyl, C1-C20acyl or aminocarbonyl N-substituted by a C1-C20hydrocarbonyl radical, -OR26- is a direct bond or R26 is ethylene which is unsubstsituted or substituted by C1-C16alkyl, and X2, m, n and o are as defined in claim 1.
3. A thermoplastic homopolymer or copolymer according to claim 2, wherein R24 and R25 are independently of the other a radical of the formula wherein X1 is a direct bond, C1-C4alkylene, C2-C12alkylidene, C5-C8cycloalkylidene, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -CO-, -CO2-, -N(C1-C4alkyl)- or -Si(CH3)2-, R27 and R28 are independently of the other H, halogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, x is 0, 1 or 2 and y is 0 or 1.
4. A thermoplastic homopolymer or copolymer according to claim 3, wherein R24 and R25 are the radical .
5. A thermoplastic homopolymer or copolymer according to claim 2, wherein -OR26- is a direct bond, X2 is Cl, m is a number from 1 to 4, n is 2m + 1.
6. A thermoplastic homopolymer or copolymer according to claim 1, wherein the group -CmHnX? is -CH2Cl, -CHCl2, -CCl3, -CHClCH3, -CCl2CH3, -CHCl-CH2Cl, -CCl2-CH2Cl, -CHCl-CHCl2, CC12-CHCl2, -CCl2-CCl3, -CH2-CH2Cl, -CH2-CHCl2 or -CH2-CCl3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000616788A CA1337780C (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1993-12-31 | Antistatic and electrically conducting composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3639/88-6 | 1988-09-30 | ||
| CH363988 | 1988-09-30 | ||
| CA000612781A CA1334238C (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1989-09-25 | Antistatic and electrically conducting composition |
| CA000616788A CA1337780C (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1993-12-31 | Antistatic and electrically conducting composition |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000612781A Division CA1334238C (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1989-09-25 | Antistatic and electrically conducting composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1337780C true CA1337780C (en) | 1995-12-19 |
Family
ID=25673081
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000616788A Expired - Fee Related CA1337780C (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1993-12-31 | Antistatic and electrically conducting composition |
| CA000616789A Expired - Fee Related CA1339945C (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1993-12-31 | Antistatic and electrically conducting composition |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000616789A Expired - Fee Related CA1339945C (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1993-12-31 | Antistatic and electrically conducting composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (2) | CA1337780C (en) |
-
1993
- 1993-12-31 CA CA000616788A patent/CA1337780C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-31 CA CA000616789A patent/CA1339945C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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