CA1336664C - Method and substance for the incubation of eggs and larvae of fish and crustacea - Google Patents
Method and substance for the incubation of eggs and larvae of fish and crustaceaInfo
- Publication number
- CA1336664C CA1336664C CA000572365A CA572365A CA1336664C CA 1336664 C CA1336664 C CA 1336664C CA 000572365 A CA000572365 A CA 000572365A CA 572365 A CA572365 A CA 572365A CA 1336664 C CA1336664 C CA 1336664C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gel
- membrane
- eggs
- larvae
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ZNOZWUKQPJXOIG-XSBHQQIPSA-L [(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[[(1r,3s,4r,5r,8s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-4-[[(1r,3r,4r,5r,8s)-8-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6r)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfonatooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-2-( Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H]4OC[C@H]3O[C@H](O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H]1O)OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H]2O ZNOZWUKQPJXOIG-XSBHQQIPSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000269980 Pleuronectidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method of incubating eggs or larvae of fish or crustacea, wherein the eggs or larvae are incapsulated in a storage medium comprising a gel or gel-like substance.
Description
- ~ 3366~4 METHOD AND SUBSTANCE FOR THE INCUBATION OF EGGS
AND LARVAE OF FISH AND CRUSTACEA
The invention applies to a method and substance for the incubation of eggs and larvae of fish and crustacea and similar organisms.
BACKGROUND
When traditional incubation methods are used, the mortality rate among fish and larvae is high due to impact and other mechanical forces. This is a problem for both pelagic (freely-suspended) and demersal (sea bottom resident) fish eggs.
Certain types of larvae are extremely sensitive to mechanical forces. This is particularly the case for halibut, where the incubation of the larvae prior to start feeding seems to be a problem for the production of fry.
In some situations, traditional approaches necessitate keeping the salinity of the water at a high level to prevent the egg and larvae sinking to the bottom. From an energy perspective, it would have been more rational to incubate the eggs or larvae at lower salinity levels, since these organisms would then use less energy for ion-control.
Another substantial problem with traditional incubation systems is that eggs/larvae are susceptible to fungal and bacterial infection.
A further difficulty with present systems is the maintenance of eggs/larvae during vaccination and gene transfer. This is a factor which makes such treatment difficult to implement on a commercial scale.
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the present invention is to develop a method for the incubation of eggs/larvae of fish and crustacea, where the eggs/larvae are protected as much as possible from physical forces such as impact and blows. A second objective is to prevent the organisms in question from coming into contact with fungus and bacteria, and find a means to immobilize the organisms so as to allow injection and vaccination.
AND LARVAE OF FISH AND CRUSTACEA
The invention applies to a method and substance for the incubation of eggs and larvae of fish and crustacea and similar organisms.
BACKGROUND
When traditional incubation methods are used, the mortality rate among fish and larvae is high due to impact and other mechanical forces. This is a problem for both pelagic (freely-suspended) and demersal (sea bottom resident) fish eggs.
Certain types of larvae are extremely sensitive to mechanical forces. This is particularly the case for halibut, where the incubation of the larvae prior to start feeding seems to be a problem for the production of fry.
In some situations, traditional approaches necessitate keeping the salinity of the water at a high level to prevent the egg and larvae sinking to the bottom. From an energy perspective, it would have been more rational to incubate the eggs or larvae at lower salinity levels, since these organisms would then use less energy for ion-control.
Another substantial problem with traditional incubation systems is that eggs/larvae are susceptible to fungal and bacterial infection.
A further difficulty with present systems is the maintenance of eggs/larvae during vaccination and gene transfer. This is a factor which makes such treatment difficult to implement on a commercial scale.
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the present invention is to develop a method for the incubation of eggs/larvae of fish and crustacea, where the eggs/larvae are protected as much as possible from physical forces such as impact and blows. A second objective is to prevent the organisms in question from coming into contact with fungus and bacteria, and find a means to immobilize the organisms so as to allow injection and vaccination.
- 2 - 1 3 36 ~64 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a method of incubating eggs or larvae of fish or crustacea, wherein the organism is encapsulated in a storage medium comprising a gel or gel-like substance. The storage medium may be produced with a relatively hard outer shell and soft inner core and may take a spherical, tubular/string-like or plate shape. A particularly preferred form of the storage medium is as plates, wherein the organism is encapsulated between opposing plates, preferably in hollow depressions provided in the plates.
The invention also extends to a storage medium for eggs or larvae of fish or crustacea, comprising plates of a gel or gel-like substance in the form of a two-part egg tray, wherein hollow depressions are provided in opposing mating surfaces of the trays.
More particularly, this invention provides a method for incubating eggs and larvae of fish and crustacea, comprising the steps of:
(a) encapsulating the eggs or larvae in a substance selected from polysaccharides, agar, alginate, and polymers, in an aqueous gel state;
(b) providing an at least an intermittent supply of water to the encapsulated eggs or larvae, and maint~ining the encapsulated eggs or larvae for a time sufficient to allow incubation to occur;
(c) dissolving the aqueous gel encapsulant from the incubated eggs or larvae.
In another aspect, the invention provides a device for storing eggs and larvae of fish and crustacea during incubation, comprising a pair of plates formed of a substance selected from polysaccharides, agar, alginate, and polymers, in an aqueous gel state, each plate of said pair having a surface in contact with a surface of the other plate of said pair, at least one of said plates having a hollow depression on said surface in contact.
. ~ ~, .. .
_ -2a- l S~666~
More particularly, the invention provides in a method for incubating live eggs or larvae of fish or crustaceans in an aqueous environment for a predetermined time and at a predetermined temperature to obtain an incubated live org~ni~m, the improvement comprising:
a) protecting said eggs or larvae from mechanical forces and infection by casting, using a mold, a plate of a predetermined shape and dimensions of an aqueous polymeric gel, said plate having at least one depression in a surface thereof for receiving said eggs or larvae, depositing at least one said live egg or larvae in said depression, and covering and sealing said surface and said depression with a porous gas and water permeable membrane; b) exposing said plate with covered surface to a source of oxygen and at least intermittent flow of water externally of the membrane for a time and at a temperature sufficient to achieve incubation of said eggs or larvae with passage of oxygen through said membrane to said eggs, and passage of excretory matter through said membrane away from said eggs; and thereafter c) removing an incubated live organism from said membrane and plate.
The membrane may comprise the same aqueous polymeric gel as the plate.
The membrane may also comprise a gel and structural reinforcement. The aqueous polymeric gel may be acrylamide, ~lgin~te or kappa-carrageenan.
In the method disclosed, the aqueous polymeric gel may comprise alginate, and the plate and membrane may be separated from the incubated egg or larva by dissolving the gel. In this circumstance, the ~lgin~te may be m~int~ined as a gel by stabilizing, nontoxic, divalent cations, and dissolved by removing the divalent cations.
In a preferred form of the invention the gel may be polyacrylamide cross linked with methylene bisacrylamide. The gel may be formed from a solution cont:~ining 5-10% by weight acrylamide, and may haves pores of a diameter 2.4-3.6 nm. The gel preferably has a water flux of 0.02-1.32/m~2 hour~l. In another form of the method, the plate and membrane are immersed in water for the incubation period.
The intermittent flow of water may comprise spraying water onto the membrane continuously or intermittently during the incubation period.
In another form of the method, the depressions are provided in opposite surfaces of the plate, and each of the opposite surfaces are covered and sealed with a -2b- 1 336664 membrane. The depressions may extend through the entire thickness of the plate.
Additionally, sterilizing the aqueous polymeric gel prior to depositing the egg or larva is preferred. Additionally, the egg or larva is disinfected prior to incubation. Finally, it is also possible to vaccinate the egg or larva by injection of a vaccine solution into an associated depresslon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In accordance with the invention, when a suitable gel and encapsulation technique is employed, such organisms will be able to lie stored in a capsule or inside a plate which hinders damaging impact and other unwanted physical forces Water diffusion can continue more or less unhindered and thereby bring the necessary amount of oxygen in and transport the excretory matter away The gel can be dissolved either by temperature changes or by flushing specific ions out of the structure.
The encapsulation can be done in a number of ways One method is making spherical capsules/gel-beads, where the object is placed in the centre of the sphere. If alginate gel is used, the object can first be stirred into an alginate solution of a predetermined consistency and then dripped through a tube/pipette into a bath for hardening. This will produce almost spherical capsules where the size and physical characteristics can be suited to specific requirements.
A second solution is incapsulating the organisms into gel plates.
These plates can either be cast together with the eggs in one operation, or the plates can be cast alone before the organisms are placed on them. The plates are then joined together, possibly under pressure. These plates can for example be cast into a shape such as an egg tray, wherein hollow depressions are provided for the organisms in opposing mating surfaces of the trays.
A further possibility is laying the organisms in a gel between two dialysis membranes. In certain cases the dialysis membrane can replace the gel completely, or be combined with one or another viscous mixture, such as a protein solution or the like.
A fourth approach is incapsulating the organisms in a tube or string of gel.
The gel structure can be kept in water or placed on a suspended surface and be continuously or periodically sprayed with water.
Such methods allow the incapsulated larvae/eggs to be stored from fertilization until hatching, and possibly even later until the yoke-sack stage.
It is possible to add chemicals to the gel that will hinder fungus and bacteria~ in order to prevent infection.
The gel can be built up in layers with different physical characteristics such as viscosity and hardness. During the incubation of fish eggs/larvae it could, for example, be advantageous to have a relatively hard shell and a soft inner core to allow the larvae room to move and stretch, whilst the gel as a whole has the mechanical strength required.
During the injection/vaccination, the physical characteristics of the gel can change to meet specific requirements. This can either be done by altering the structure of the gel or by changing the temperature.
The approach described in the present invention allows different types of gel to be adjusted to various requirements, incubation media, temperature, species etc. The term "gel" must be considered relatively generally, so as to include gel-like substances such as viscous mixtures of proteins and other macro-molecules that are not usually defined as a gel.
Examples of gels which could be useful include polysaccharides, agar and alginate (these include polygalacturonates, carrageenates, polyuronides) or other polymers such as polyacrylamide.
The invention provides a method of incubating eggs or larvae of fish or crustacea, wherein the organism is encapsulated in a storage medium comprising a gel or gel-like substance. The storage medium may be produced with a relatively hard outer shell and soft inner core and may take a spherical, tubular/string-like or plate shape. A particularly preferred form of the storage medium is as plates, wherein the organism is encapsulated between opposing plates, preferably in hollow depressions provided in the plates.
The invention also extends to a storage medium for eggs or larvae of fish or crustacea, comprising plates of a gel or gel-like substance in the form of a two-part egg tray, wherein hollow depressions are provided in opposing mating surfaces of the trays.
More particularly, this invention provides a method for incubating eggs and larvae of fish and crustacea, comprising the steps of:
(a) encapsulating the eggs or larvae in a substance selected from polysaccharides, agar, alginate, and polymers, in an aqueous gel state;
(b) providing an at least an intermittent supply of water to the encapsulated eggs or larvae, and maint~ining the encapsulated eggs or larvae for a time sufficient to allow incubation to occur;
(c) dissolving the aqueous gel encapsulant from the incubated eggs or larvae.
In another aspect, the invention provides a device for storing eggs and larvae of fish and crustacea during incubation, comprising a pair of plates formed of a substance selected from polysaccharides, agar, alginate, and polymers, in an aqueous gel state, each plate of said pair having a surface in contact with a surface of the other plate of said pair, at least one of said plates having a hollow depression on said surface in contact.
. ~ ~, .. .
_ -2a- l S~666~
More particularly, the invention provides in a method for incubating live eggs or larvae of fish or crustaceans in an aqueous environment for a predetermined time and at a predetermined temperature to obtain an incubated live org~ni~m, the improvement comprising:
a) protecting said eggs or larvae from mechanical forces and infection by casting, using a mold, a plate of a predetermined shape and dimensions of an aqueous polymeric gel, said plate having at least one depression in a surface thereof for receiving said eggs or larvae, depositing at least one said live egg or larvae in said depression, and covering and sealing said surface and said depression with a porous gas and water permeable membrane; b) exposing said plate with covered surface to a source of oxygen and at least intermittent flow of water externally of the membrane for a time and at a temperature sufficient to achieve incubation of said eggs or larvae with passage of oxygen through said membrane to said eggs, and passage of excretory matter through said membrane away from said eggs; and thereafter c) removing an incubated live organism from said membrane and plate.
The membrane may comprise the same aqueous polymeric gel as the plate.
The membrane may also comprise a gel and structural reinforcement. The aqueous polymeric gel may be acrylamide, ~lgin~te or kappa-carrageenan.
In the method disclosed, the aqueous polymeric gel may comprise alginate, and the plate and membrane may be separated from the incubated egg or larva by dissolving the gel. In this circumstance, the ~lgin~te may be m~int~ined as a gel by stabilizing, nontoxic, divalent cations, and dissolved by removing the divalent cations.
In a preferred form of the invention the gel may be polyacrylamide cross linked with methylene bisacrylamide. The gel may be formed from a solution cont:~ining 5-10% by weight acrylamide, and may haves pores of a diameter 2.4-3.6 nm. The gel preferably has a water flux of 0.02-1.32/m~2 hour~l. In another form of the method, the plate and membrane are immersed in water for the incubation period.
The intermittent flow of water may comprise spraying water onto the membrane continuously or intermittently during the incubation period.
In another form of the method, the depressions are provided in opposite surfaces of the plate, and each of the opposite surfaces are covered and sealed with a -2b- 1 336664 membrane. The depressions may extend through the entire thickness of the plate.
Additionally, sterilizing the aqueous polymeric gel prior to depositing the egg or larva is preferred. Additionally, the egg or larva is disinfected prior to incubation. Finally, it is also possible to vaccinate the egg or larva by injection of a vaccine solution into an associated depresslon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In accordance with the invention, when a suitable gel and encapsulation technique is employed, such organisms will be able to lie stored in a capsule or inside a plate which hinders damaging impact and other unwanted physical forces Water diffusion can continue more or less unhindered and thereby bring the necessary amount of oxygen in and transport the excretory matter away The gel can be dissolved either by temperature changes or by flushing specific ions out of the structure.
The encapsulation can be done in a number of ways One method is making spherical capsules/gel-beads, where the object is placed in the centre of the sphere. If alginate gel is used, the object can first be stirred into an alginate solution of a predetermined consistency and then dripped through a tube/pipette into a bath for hardening. This will produce almost spherical capsules where the size and physical characteristics can be suited to specific requirements.
A second solution is incapsulating the organisms into gel plates.
These plates can either be cast together with the eggs in one operation, or the plates can be cast alone before the organisms are placed on them. The plates are then joined together, possibly under pressure. These plates can for example be cast into a shape such as an egg tray, wherein hollow depressions are provided for the organisms in opposing mating surfaces of the trays.
A further possibility is laying the organisms in a gel between two dialysis membranes. In certain cases the dialysis membrane can replace the gel completely, or be combined with one or another viscous mixture, such as a protein solution or the like.
A fourth approach is incapsulating the organisms in a tube or string of gel.
The gel structure can be kept in water or placed on a suspended surface and be continuously or periodically sprayed with water.
Such methods allow the incapsulated larvae/eggs to be stored from fertilization until hatching, and possibly even later until the yoke-sack stage.
It is possible to add chemicals to the gel that will hinder fungus and bacteria~ in order to prevent infection.
The gel can be built up in layers with different physical characteristics such as viscosity and hardness. During the incubation of fish eggs/larvae it could, for example, be advantageous to have a relatively hard shell and a soft inner core to allow the larvae room to move and stretch, whilst the gel as a whole has the mechanical strength required.
During the injection/vaccination, the physical characteristics of the gel can change to meet specific requirements. This can either be done by altering the structure of the gel or by changing the temperature.
The approach described in the present invention allows different types of gel to be adjusted to various requirements, incubation media, temperature, species etc. The term "gel" must be considered relatively generally, so as to include gel-like substances such as viscous mixtures of proteins and other macro-molecules that are not usually defined as a gel.
Examples of gels which could be useful include polysaccharides, agar and alginate (these include polygalacturonates, carrageenates, polyuronides) or other polymers such as polyacrylamide.
Claims (16)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a method for incubating live eggs or larvae of fish or crustaceans in an aqueous environment for a predetermined time and at a predetermined temperature to obtain an incubated live organism, the improvement comprising:
a) protecting said eggs or larvae from mechanical forces and infection by casting, using a mold, a plate of a predetermined shape and dimensions of an aqueous polymeric gel, said plate having at least one depression in a surface thereof for receiving said eggs or larvae, depositing at least one said live egg or larvae in said depression, and covering and sealing said surface and said depression with a porous gas and water permeable membrane;b) exposing said plate with covered surface to a source of oxygen and at least intermittent flow of water externally of the membrane for a time and at a temperature sufficient to achieve incubation of said eggs or larvae with passage of oxygen through said membrane to said eggs, and passage of excretory matter through said membrane away from said eggs; and thereafter c) removing an incubated live organism from said membrane and plate.
a) protecting said eggs or larvae from mechanical forces and infection by casting, using a mold, a plate of a predetermined shape and dimensions of an aqueous polymeric gel, said plate having at least one depression in a surface thereof for receiving said eggs or larvae, depositing at least one said live egg or larvae in said depression, and covering and sealing said surface and said depression with a porous gas and water permeable membrane;b) exposing said plate with covered surface to a source of oxygen and at least intermittent flow of water externally of the membrane for a time and at a temperature sufficient to achieve incubation of said eggs or larvae with passage of oxygen through said membrane to said eggs, and passage of excretory matter through said membrane away from said eggs; and thereafter c) removing an incubated live organism from said membrane and plate.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the membrane comprises the same aqueouspolymeric gel as the plate.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the membrane comprises a gel and structural reinforcement.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the aqueous polymeric gel comprises acrylamide, alginate, or kappa-carrageenan.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the aqueous polymeric gel comprises alginate, and the plate and membrane are separated from the incubated egg or larva by dissolving the gel.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein the alginate is maintained as a gel by stabilizing, nontoxic, divalent cations, and dissolved by removing the divalent cations.
7. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the gel is polyacrylamide cross linked with methylene bisacrylamide.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the gel is formed from a solution containing 5-10% by weight acrylamide, and has pores of a diameter 2.4-3.6 nm.
9. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the gel has a water flux of 0.02-1.32/m-2 hour-1.
10. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the plate and membrane are immersed in water for the incubation period.
11. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein water is sprayed onto said membrane continuously or intermittently during the incubation period.
12. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein depressions are provided in opposite surfaces of said plate, and each of said opposite surfaces is covered and sealed with a membrane.
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein said depressions extend through the entire thickness of said plate.
14. A method according to claim 1 or 2 additionally comprising sterilizing the aqueous polymeric gel prior to depositing said at least one egg or larva.
15. A method according to claim 1 or 2 additionally comprising disinfecting said at least one egg or larva prior to incubating.
16. A method according to claim 1 or 2 additionally comprising vaccinating said at least one egg or larva by injection of a vaccine solution into said at least one depression.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO872869A NO162142C (en) | 1987-07-10 | 1987-07-10 | PROCEDURE AND MATERIAL FOR INCUBATING EGGS AND LARVES OF FISH AND CANCER ANIMALS. |
| NO872,869 | 1987-07-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1336664C true CA1336664C (en) | 1995-08-15 |
Family
ID=19890084
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000572365A Expired - Fee Related CA1336664C (en) | 1987-07-10 | 1988-07-07 | Method and substance for the incubation of eggs and larvae of fish and crustacea |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1336664C (en) |
| DK (1) | DK372788A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI89277C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2206471B (en) |
| IS (1) | IS1527B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO162142C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE466781B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114568356B (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2023-05-26 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | Method for large-scale cultivation of salmon fries |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4214551A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1980-07-29 | Oregon Aqua-Foods, Inc. | Fish egg supporting system |
| US4317429A (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1982-03-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Reusable plastic rearing panel applicable to aquaculture |
-
1987
- 1987-07-10 NO NO872869A patent/NO162142C/en unknown
-
1988
- 1988-06-27 IS IS3366A patent/IS1527B/en unknown
- 1988-06-29 GB GB8815497A patent/GB2206471B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-07-01 FI FI883152A patent/FI89277C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-05 DK DK372788A patent/DK372788A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-07-05 SE SE8802509A patent/SE466781B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-07 CA CA000572365A patent/CA1336664C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE466781B (en) | 1992-04-06 |
| FI883152A (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| FI883152A0 (en) | 1988-07-01 |
| NO872869L (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| FI89277B (en) | 1993-05-31 |
| IS3366A7 (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| NO162142C (en) | 1989-11-15 |
| IS1527B (en) | 1993-02-23 |
| SE8802509L (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| DK372788D0 (en) | 1988-07-05 |
| GB2206471B (en) | 1991-09-04 |
| GB2206471A (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| DK372788A (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| GB8815497D0 (en) | 1988-08-03 |
| NO872869D0 (en) | 1987-07-10 |
| SE8802509D0 (en) | 1988-07-05 |
| FI89277C (en) | 1993-09-10 |
| NO162142B (en) | 1989-08-07 |
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