CA1299512C - Decomposing oil-in-water emulsions using metal insert forming hydroxyl complex - Google Patents
Decomposing oil-in-water emulsions using metal insert forming hydroxyl complexInfo
- Publication number
- CA1299512C CA1299512C CA000488503A CA488503A CA1299512C CA 1299512 C CA1299512 C CA 1299512C CA 000488503 A CA000488503 A CA 000488503A CA 488503 A CA488503 A CA 488503A CA 1299512 C CA1299512 C CA 1299512C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- effluent
- metal
- electrodes
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates to a process for the elec-trolytic decomposition of oil/water emulsions in an electrolysis cell that is operated with direct current. According to the pre-sent invention the emulsions are decomposed in a cell having at least one pair of inert (permanent) electrodes and one or more dissoluble metal inserts interposed between the electrodes, in an acid to alkaline range at a current consumption of the to 4 Ah/dm3 with purification resulting from coagulation and flotation. The metal inserts dissolve into the emulsions and for metal-hydroxyl complexes that combine with the oil components of the emulsion, forming aggregates that float upwardly. The process requires a single electrolysis cell and is efficient.
The present invention relates to a process for the elec-trolytic decomposition of oil/water emulsions in an electrolysis cell that is operated with direct current. According to the pre-sent invention the emulsions are decomposed in a cell having at least one pair of inert (permanent) electrodes and one or more dissoluble metal inserts interposed between the electrodes, in an acid to alkaline range at a current consumption of the to 4 Ah/dm3 with purification resulting from coagulation and flotation. The metal inserts dissolve into the emulsions and for metal-hydroxyl complexes that combine with the oil components of the emulsion, forming aggregates that float upwardly. The process requires a single electrolysis cell and is efficient.
Description
2636~-10 The present invention relates to a process for the decomposition o~ oil-in-water emulsions in an electrolysis cell that is operated by direct current, and to a device used for carrying out this process.
As a result of the increasing use of synthetic products based on mineral oil, said products being biodegradable to a very slight degree, there is an increase in the pollution of ground and surface waters caused by substances such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating and lubricating oils, as well as by substances which reduce interfacial tension.
In light of the increasing hazard to the environment, the introduction of these pollutant substances into water at con-centrations above specified levels has been made a punishable offence.
Macroemulsions are multiphase systems with large inter-phases and persistent surface tension which is the basis for their instability. This is to say that these emulsions are inclined to the most energy-depleted state possible, to sedimentation or settling and thus finally to coagulation.
However, microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically stable systems, of which the dispersed phase is present in the form of particles that are smaller than ~000 An~strom. They are formed spontaneously during the interaction of suitable molecular ratios of oil, water, a dispersing agent or a surface active agent.
The stability of emulsions is increased by the addition of emulsifying materials that reduce interfacial tension. ~hese ~ 1 --~ 28135-2 are hipolar substances that reduce the interfacial tension between the phases.
The overall stability of an emulsion is determined by the sum of the Van der Waals' traction forces and the repulsion by the Coloumb forces of particles that are generally negatively charged.
Coagulation and flocculation can take place when the charge of the particles, i.e., of the Zeta potential of the emulsified particles is raised. If a particle moves, ~or example, as a consequence of an electric field that is applied, a part of the diffuse double layer will be stripped off and if the energy barrier between two particles is small enough then a flocculation process can be induced by the approximation of the particles alone. In order to meet the standards required by legislation, the breakdown of oil/water emulsions is absolutely essential in order to avoid environmental pollution. Several technical solutions to this problem are known, which are mainly as follows: ultrafiltration, the addition of de-emulsifiers, ultrasonic technology, the metered dosing of chemicals, dialysis, and electrocoagulation.
Howeverl in part these processes are associated with large investment costs and high operating costs and are in addition uneconomical when applied to small quantities of highly polluted waste water. An important object of the present invention is thus to make a versatile and generally applicable and cost effective process available.
Other technical decomposition processes used to recover l 2 - ~
~a ~g~5~L~ 28135-2 products apply in the processing, for example, of ores, coal, salts and waste water. The most familiar process in the process-ing of waste water is flocculation, which can be traced back to the observation made by W. Haynes and set out in British Patent 488 of 1860. This flotation is applied in many industries in the form of electroflotation, for example, the recovery of silver from used photobaths.
In this flotation process, hydrogen ana oxygen are ~enerated from water in the form of small gas bubbles by means of electrolysis. In other words, the bubbles are generated from the medium itself which is to be subjected to separation. In this connection, the efficiency of the separation process can be considerably increased by a simultaneous use of coagulation of solids present in an aqueous solution.
In the field of the decomposition of emulsions of the above-described art, it would apparently be a marked advance, if it is possible to apply electroflotation and electrocoagulation together with electrophoretic effects to these systems and decompose these emulsions to an e~tent that could be iustified from the viewpoint of energy usage. In this connection, it would also be possible to use this form of emulsion decomposition in the removal of organisms from nutrient solutions and to add necessary cations to the solution through the dissolution of a metal that occurs simultaneously, in order to do away with present processes, namely centrifuging or flotation by the injection of air and subse~uent decomposition of the emulsion by reduction of the pH value and the subsequent provision of cations.
i~9~ 28135-2 In conventional flotation processes used for purifying waste water, the necessary gas bubbles, in particular air bubbles, are generated by passing air through porous clay bodies or jet nozzles, by gasifiers, by the relief of air-saturated water, or by the generation of gas bubbles from the waste water itself by means of electrolysis. Prior to flotation, flocculation agents and secondary floGculation agents.must be added to the waste water in order to initiate the flocculation process.
In all flotation processes, the effectiveness of the flotation is totally dependent on the volume and the number of the gas bubbles involved. Too large bubbles and a too strong gasification lead instead of the flocculation of suspended substances but to an intensive mixing of suspended materials that are to be separated and thus to an opposite effect. In regard to the difficulties that are faced during the processing of emulsions of this type and with waste water that is polluted by.emulsified oils and which cause considerable expense, there has long been a real need to make a process available, which can achieve the decomposition of emulsions of the type described 20 above, without major expenses and without difficulties observed heretofore and thus ensure a simple and reliable processing and disposal of small amounts of emulsions and small amounts of waste water and thereby achieve the desired effect not only in a cost effective manner but in particular to an extent that will satisfy all present day requirements.
Consequently, it has been desired to make available a process for the decomposition of emulsions with which these ... .
~ ~r3~ 5~ 28135 2 previously described needs can be satisfied without the need for professional personnel to operate such an emulsion decomposition apparatus that can be operated by lay persons simply and reliably without any major expenses.
Thus one aspect of the present invention provides a process for the decomposition of an oil-in-water emulsion effluent containing impurities including an oil substance, which process comprises:
charging the effluent into an electrolysis cell having at least one pair of inert electrodes and at least one non-electrically touching metal structure between the electrodes, the said metal structure being made of a metal which dissolves into the effluent and forms a metal-hydroxyl complex under acidic to alkaline conditions of a pH between 4 and 12;
impinging a direct current on the electrodes of 0.1 to 4 Ah/dm3 while the saia effluent has a pH value between 4 and 12, thereby decomposing the metal structure into the metal-hydroxyl complex which combines with the oil substance causing coagulation into aggregates, where the aggregates float upwardly; and separating the aggregates from the effluent, thereby purifying the effluent.
This process can be carried out either continuously or discontinuously. A continuous operation of the process i5 particularly preferred.
Generally the process of coagulation and flotation according to the present invention is carried out at pH values in the range from 4 to 12 at a current consumption of 0.1 to 4 Ah/dm3. A preferred staying time is 5 to 1800 minutes, more ~ 28135-2 preferably 5 to 120 minutes. It has proved particularly expedient to carry out the coagulation and flotation in the pH
range of 6.8 to 8 during a staying time of 2 to 30 minutes and at a current consumption of 0.1 to 2 Ah/dm3. According to the present invention, coagulation and flotation are carried out in one cell. Within the cell, between a pair of inert electrodes, there is one or more dissoluble metal inserts made of a metal that forms a hydroxide in an alkaline medium, in particular an aluminum or iron plate. The surface ratio of the pexmanent (i.e., inert) electrodes to the dissoluble metal inserts may amount to 1:0.1 to 1:60, and in particular 1:1 to 1:20, according to the present invention.
Duriny the operation oE the process according to the present invention it has been found to be very advantageous to change the direction of the direct current every 5 to 3600 seconds. The process according to the present invention has a great advantage that both the coagulant and the gas can be separated off in precisely metered doses in which connection the size of the gas bubbles can be widely varied by the surface characteristics of the permanent electrodes and by material properties.
According to the present invention graphite, platinum, titanium, platinized titanium or stainless steel can be used for the permanent electrodes.
The further great advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that no additional energy is used in order to introduce the coagulation agent and in addition, a notable ~ 28135-2 electrophoretic effect promotes the process and thus the coagulated grease and oil particles foam at the surface of the electrolysis cell and additionally, as re~uired, there can be a simultaneous reduction of, for example, chromium, as is frequently required in waste water technology. To the extent that waste water also contains surfactants (or tensides~, which are undesirable if left in the water, foam flotation can take place by the selection of the electrode surface and thus there can also be a simultaneous removal of materials that tend to reduce interfacial tension.
The present invention also provides a device for carrying out the process comprising a direct current operable electrolysis cell having an electrocoagulator with an integrated electroflotation device with a pair of inert (i.e., permanent) electrodes having an interposed metal in~ert arranged therein.
The device may be incorporated in a settling apparatus, an oil separator or a collector device.
An embodiment of the device according to the present invention is shown in the drawings appended hereto and the inv~ntion will be described in greater detail on the basis of these drawings.
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a device embodying the present invention; and Figure ~ is a cross-sectional plan view of the device of Figure 1.
This device for completing the process according to the present invention is shown in Figure 1 in cross-section.
~ 28135-2 This de~ice consists in the main of an electrocoagulator (not shown) and an electroflotation device (2) with a packet ~3) of permanent electrodes (4)~5) with an interposed metal insert ~6) arranged therein. The electrocoagulator ~2) is located within a reactor ~7) having an overflow system ~8)~ The electro-coagulator that is combined with the reactor (7) is shown in Figure 2, in cross-section on the line II-II in Figure 1.
As a result of the increasing use of synthetic products based on mineral oil, said products being biodegradable to a very slight degree, there is an increase in the pollution of ground and surface waters caused by substances such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating and lubricating oils, as well as by substances which reduce interfacial tension.
In light of the increasing hazard to the environment, the introduction of these pollutant substances into water at con-centrations above specified levels has been made a punishable offence.
Macroemulsions are multiphase systems with large inter-phases and persistent surface tension which is the basis for their instability. This is to say that these emulsions are inclined to the most energy-depleted state possible, to sedimentation or settling and thus finally to coagulation.
However, microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically stable systems, of which the dispersed phase is present in the form of particles that are smaller than ~000 An~strom. They are formed spontaneously during the interaction of suitable molecular ratios of oil, water, a dispersing agent or a surface active agent.
The stability of emulsions is increased by the addition of emulsifying materials that reduce interfacial tension. ~hese ~ 1 --~ 28135-2 are hipolar substances that reduce the interfacial tension between the phases.
The overall stability of an emulsion is determined by the sum of the Van der Waals' traction forces and the repulsion by the Coloumb forces of particles that are generally negatively charged.
Coagulation and flocculation can take place when the charge of the particles, i.e., of the Zeta potential of the emulsified particles is raised. If a particle moves, ~or example, as a consequence of an electric field that is applied, a part of the diffuse double layer will be stripped off and if the energy barrier between two particles is small enough then a flocculation process can be induced by the approximation of the particles alone. In order to meet the standards required by legislation, the breakdown of oil/water emulsions is absolutely essential in order to avoid environmental pollution. Several technical solutions to this problem are known, which are mainly as follows: ultrafiltration, the addition of de-emulsifiers, ultrasonic technology, the metered dosing of chemicals, dialysis, and electrocoagulation.
Howeverl in part these processes are associated with large investment costs and high operating costs and are in addition uneconomical when applied to small quantities of highly polluted waste water. An important object of the present invention is thus to make a versatile and generally applicable and cost effective process available.
Other technical decomposition processes used to recover l 2 - ~
~a ~g~5~L~ 28135-2 products apply in the processing, for example, of ores, coal, salts and waste water. The most familiar process in the process-ing of waste water is flocculation, which can be traced back to the observation made by W. Haynes and set out in British Patent 488 of 1860. This flotation is applied in many industries in the form of electroflotation, for example, the recovery of silver from used photobaths.
In this flotation process, hydrogen ana oxygen are ~enerated from water in the form of small gas bubbles by means of electrolysis. In other words, the bubbles are generated from the medium itself which is to be subjected to separation. In this connection, the efficiency of the separation process can be considerably increased by a simultaneous use of coagulation of solids present in an aqueous solution.
In the field of the decomposition of emulsions of the above-described art, it would apparently be a marked advance, if it is possible to apply electroflotation and electrocoagulation together with electrophoretic effects to these systems and decompose these emulsions to an e~tent that could be iustified from the viewpoint of energy usage. In this connection, it would also be possible to use this form of emulsion decomposition in the removal of organisms from nutrient solutions and to add necessary cations to the solution through the dissolution of a metal that occurs simultaneously, in order to do away with present processes, namely centrifuging or flotation by the injection of air and subse~uent decomposition of the emulsion by reduction of the pH value and the subsequent provision of cations.
i~9~ 28135-2 In conventional flotation processes used for purifying waste water, the necessary gas bubbles, in particular air bubbles, are generated by passing air through porous clay bodies or jet nozzles, by gasifiers, by the relief of air-saturated water, or by the generation of gas bubbles from the waste water itself by means of electrolysis. Prior to flotation, flocculation agents and secondary floGculation agents.must be added to the waste water in order to initiate the flocculation process.
In all flotation processes, the effectiveness of the flotation is totally dependent on the volume and the number of the gas bubbles involved. Too large bubbles and a too strong gasification lead instead of the flocculation of suspended substances but to an intensive mixing of suspended materials that are to be separated and thus to an opposite effect. In regard to the difficulties that are faced during the processing of emulsions of this type and with waste water that is polluted by.emulsified oils and which cause considerable expense, there has long been a real need to make a process available, which can achieve the decomposition of emulsions of the type described 20 above, without major expenses and without difficulties observed heretofore and thus ensure a simple and reliable processing and disposal of small amounts of emulsions and small amounts of waste water and thereby achieve the desired effect not only in a cost effective manner but in particular to an extent that will satisfy all present day requirements.
Consequently, it has been desired to make available a process for the decomposition of emulsions with which these ... .
~ ~r3~ 5~ 28135 2 previously described needs can be satisfied without the need for professional personnel to operate such an emulsion decomposition apparatus that can be operated by lay persons simply and reliably without any major expenses.
Thus one aspect of the present invention provides a process for the decomposition of an oil-in-water emulsion effluent containing impurities including an oil substance, which process comprises:
charging the effluent into an electrolysis cell having at least one pair of inert electrodes and at least one non-electrically touching metal structure between the electrodes, the said metal structure being made of a metal which dissolves into the effluent and forms a metal-hydroxyl complex under acidic to alkaline conditions of a pH between 4 and 12;
impinging a direct current on the electrodes of 0.1 to 4 Ah/dm3 while the saia effluent has a pH value between 4 and 12, thereby decomposing the metal structure into the metal-hydroxyl complex which combines with the oil substance causing coagulation into aggregates, where the aggregates float upwardly; and separating the aggregates from the effluent, thereby purifying the effluent.
This process can be carried out either continuously or discontinuously. A continuous operation of the process i5 particularly preferred.
Generally the process of coagulation and flotation according to the present invention is carried out at pH values in the range from 4 to 12 at a current consumption of 0.1 to 4 Ah/dm3. A preferred staying time is 5 to 1800 minutes, more ~ 28135-2 preferably 5 to 120 minutes. It has proved particularly expedient to carry out the coagulation and flotation in the pH
range of 6.8 to 8 during a staying time of 2 to 30 minutes and at a current consumption of 0.1 to 2 Ah/dm3. According to the present invention, coagulation and flotation are carried out in one cell. Within the cell, between a pair of inert electrodes, there is one or more dissoluble metal inserts made of a metal that forms a hydroxide in an alkaline medium, in particular an aluminum or iron plate. The surface ratio of the pexmanent (i.e., inert) electrodes to the dissoluble metal inserts may amount to 1:0.1 to 1:60, and in particular 1:1 to 1:20, according to the present invention.
Duriny the operation oE the process according to the present invention it has been found to be very advantageous to change the direction of the direct current every 5 to 3600 seconds. The process according to the present invention has a great advantage that both the coagulant and the gas can be separated off in precisely metered doses in which connection the size of the gas bubbles can be widely varied by the surface characteristics of the permanent electrodes and by material properties.
According to the present invention graphite, platinum, titanium, platinized titanium or stainless steel can be used for the permanent electrodes.
The further great advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that no additional energy is used in order to introduce the coagulation agent and in addition, a notable ~ 28135-2 electrophoretic effect promotes the process and thus the coagulated grease and oil particles foam at the surface of the electrolysis cell and additionally, as re~uired, there can be a simultaneous reduction of, for example, chromium, as is frequently required in waste water technology. To the extent that waste water also contains surfactants (or tensides~, which are undesirable if left in the water, foam flotation can take place by the selection of the electrode surface and thus there can also be a simultaneous removal of materials that tend to reduce interfacial tension.
The present invention also provides a device for carrying out the process comprising a direct current operable electrolysis cell having an electrocoagulator with an integrated electroflotation device with a pair of inert (i.e., permanent) electrodes having an interposed metal in~ert arranged therein.
The device may be incorporated in a settling apparatus, an oil separator or a collector device.
An embodiment of the device according to the present invention is shown in the drawings appended hereto and the inv~ntion will be described in greater detail on the basis of these drawings.
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a device embodying the present invention; and Figure ~ is a cross-sectional plan view of the device of Figure 1.
This device for completing the process according to the present invention is shown in Figure 1 in cross-section.
~ 28135-2 This de~ice consists in the main of an electrocoagulator (not shown) and an electroflotation device (2) with a packet ~3) of permanent electrodes (4)~5) with an interposed metal insert ~6) arranged therein. The electrocoagulator ~2) is located within a reactor ~7) having an overflow system ~8)~ The electro-coagulator that is combined with the reactor (7) is shown in Figure 2, in cross-section on the line II-II in Figure 1.
Claims (8)
1. A process for the decomposition of an oil-in-water emul-sion effluent containing an oil substance as impurity, which pro-cess comprises:
charging the effluent into an electrolysis cell having at least one pair of inert electrodes and at least one non-electrically touching metal structure between the electrodes, the said metal structure being made of a metal which is capable of dissolving into the effluent and forming a metal-hydroxyl complex under acidic to alkaline conditions of a pH between 4 and 12;
impinging a direct current on the electrodes of 0.1 to 4 Ah/dm3 while the said effluent has a pH value between 4 and 12, thereby converting the metal structure into the metal-hydroxyl complex which combines with the oil substance causing coagulation into aggregates, where the aggregates float upwardly; and separating the aggregates from the effluent, thereby purifying the effluent.
charging the effluent into an electrolysis cell having at least one pair of inert electrodes and at least one non-electrically touching metal structure between the electrodes, the said metal structure being made of a metal which is capable of dissolving into the effluent and forming a metal-hydroxyl complex under acidic to alkaline conditions of a pH between 4 and 12;
impinging a direct current on the electrodes of 0.1 to 4 Ah/dm3 while the said effluent has a pH value between 4 and 12, thereby converting the metal structure into the metal-hydroxyl complex which combines with the oil substance causing coagulation into aggregates, where the aggregates float upwardly; and separating the aggregates from the effluent, thereby purifying the effluent.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the non-electric touching structure is a plate made of aluminum or iron.
3. A process according to claim 2, wherein the direct current impinging is carried out at a pH value in the range from 6.8 to 12 at a current consumption of 0.1 to 4 Ah/dm3 for 2 to 360 minutes.
4. A process according to claim 2, wherein the coagulation and flotation are carried out at a pH value in the range from 6.8 to 8 at a current consumption of 0.1 to 2 Ah/dm3 for 2 to 360 minutes.
5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the surface ratio of the inert electrodes to the metal structure is 1:0.1 to 1:60.
6. A process according to claim 4, wherein the surface ratio of the inert electrodes to the metal structure is 1:1 to 1:20.
7. A process according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 6, in which the direction of the direct current is switched every 5 to 3600 seconds.
8. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrolysis cell is incorporated in a settling apparatus, an oil separator or a collector device; the emulsion stays in the settling apparatus, oil separator or collector device for 5 to 1800 minutes; and the ratio of the electrode surfaces that face each other to the surface area of the liquid in the settling apparatus, oil separator or collector device is 1:1 to 1:60.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3429612.3 | 1984-08-11 | ||
| DE3429612 | 1984-08-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1299512C true CA1299512C (en) | 1992-04-28 |
Family
ID=6242857
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000488504A Expired - Fee Related CA1284124C (en) | 1984-08-11 | 1985-08-12 | Electrolytically coagulating and floating components in used cleaning bath |
| CA000488503A Expired - Fee Related CA1299512C (en) | 1984-08-11 | 1985-08-12 | Decomposing oil-in-water emulsions using metal insert forming hydroxyl complex |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000488504A Expired - Fee Related CA1284124C (en) | 1984-08-11 | 1985-08-12 | Electrolytically coagulating and floating components in used cleaning bath |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS61502966A (en) |
| CA (2) | CA1284124C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3725819A1 (en) * | 1987-08-04 | 1989-02-16 | Rrm Energy Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING DEGREASING SOLUTIONS |
| CN107226578A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-10-03 | 长江三星能源科技股份有限公司 | One kind is used for offshore oilfield polymer-bearing waste-water reinjection treatment method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4936582A (en) * | 1972-08-08 | 1974-04-04 | ||
| JPS4989679A (en) * | 1972-12-27 | 1974-08-27 |
-
1985
- 1985-08-06 JP JP50350385A patent/JPS61502966A/en active Granted
- 1985-08-06 JP JP50353985A patent/JPS62500709A/en active Pending
- 1985-08-12 CA CA000488504A patent/CA1284124C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-08-12 CA CA000488503A patent/CA1299512C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS61502966A (en) | 1986-12-18 |
| CA1284124C (en) | 1991-05-14 |
| JPH0548311B2 (en) | 1993-07-21 |
| JPS62500709A (en) | 1987-03-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4728410A (en) | Process for the separation of emulsions containing water as a continuous phase and device for the application of the process | |
| Holt et al. | Electrocoagulation as a wastewater treatment | |
| US3959131A (en) | Apparatus and method for removing pollutants from wastewater | |
| US3562137A (en) | System for electrochemical water treatment | |
| US3301779A (en) | Process for treating cold rolling mill effluent containing oil emulsified in water | |
| CN110422913A (en) | A kind of electric floating combination electric flocculation sewage treatment process and its processing equipment | |
| Ho et al. | The application of lead dioxide-coated titanium anode in the electroflotation of palm oil mill effluent | |
| Mickova | Advanced electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment. Part II: electro-flocculation and electro-flotation | |
| CA2058623C (en) | Method of purifying lacustrine water and filthy water purification boat | |
| CA1299512C (en) | Decomposing oil-in-water emulsions using metal insert forming hydroxyl complex | |
| CN110104836A (en) | A kind of enhanced processing method suitable for water-base cutting fluid waste water | |
| KR19980041652A (en) | Method and apparatus for separating water and oil from emulsified oil-containing wastewater | |
| Liu et al. | Quantitative analysis on removal path of emulsified oil in the reactor of EC | |
| CN105016537A (en) | Plug flow type dual-electrode electrolysis air floater | |
| KR100321799B1 (en) | Water processing method and apparatus for the same jointly using electro-coagulation and dissolved air flotation combined | |
| US3816274A (en) | Removal of dissolved or suspended solids in waste water | |
| EP0290030B1 (en) | Treament of oil effluent | |
| Mennell et al. | Treatment of primary effluent by lime precipitation and dissolved air flotation | |
| Karpuzcu et al. | Purification of agro-industrial wastewater from the grease-protein mixture by means of electroflotocoagulation | |
| WO1997017294A1 (en) | Apparatus for separating oil from waste water containing oil emulsion and method therefor | |
| DE3528197A1 (en) | Process for breaking emulsions in which water is present as the continuous phase and apparatus for carrying out the process | |
| CN204873960U (en) | Electrolysis air supporting effluent treatment plant | |
| RU2732745C1 (en) | Method of water purification from oil contaminants and metal compounds | |
| KR19990001036A (en) | Apparatus and method for treating oil and heavy metals in wastewater | |
| CA1065789A (en) | Purification of industrial waste waters by flotation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |