CA1296907C - System for storing liquid or gas in a rock chamber - Google Patents
System for storing liquid or gas in a rock chamberInfo
- Publication number
- CA1296907C CA1296907C CA000532690A CA532690A CA1296907C CA 1296907 C CA1296907 C CA 1296907C CA 000532690 A CA000532690 A CA 000532690A CA 532690 A CA532690 A CA 532690A CA 1296907 C CA1296907 C CA 1296907C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- concrete lining
- drainage layer
- cavity
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A system for storing liquid or gas in a storage space in rock in which the pressure from the gas or liquid, via a force-transmitting system consisting of concrete and a defined drainage layer, is absorbed by the surrounding rock as at the same time the force-transmitting drainage layer removes water pressure from the surrounding rock volumes.
A system for storing liquid or gas in a storage space in rock in which the pressure from the gas or liquid, via a force-transmitting system consisting of concrete and a defined drainage layer, is absorbed by the surrounding rock as at the same time the force-transmitting drainage layer removes water pressure from the surrounding rock volumes.
Description
lZ~ 17 -- L -SYSTEM FOR STORING LIQUID_OR GAS I A ROCK CHAMBER
The present invention relates to a system for sealed lining of a rock chamber for storinq liquid or gas, also under very high pressures, as stated in the preamble of claim 1.
The ceiling, walls and floor of the storage space are lined with a sandwich construction comprising drainage material, concrete affixed to the wall, and a sealing membrane of e.g. stainless thin sheet.
By making a sealed lining in which the pressure from the product kept in the storage space is absorbed by the surrounding rock, it is possible to store e.g. gas or air under excess pressure at a considerably smaller depth below the ground surface than in an unlined storage space where the water pressure in the rock must be higher than the gas or l:iquid pressure from the product in the storage space. According to this invention, the gas pressure or the liquid pressure is balanced by the weight of the rock volume activated on failure or by the lithostatic pressure only.
The lining should also be able to withstand a water pressure from the surrounding rock which is higher than the pressure in the storage space. Such loads occur, for example, when petroleum is stored below the phreatic surface or when storing gas after the storage space has been emptied.
90'7 By this method, a na~ural gas store having an excess pressure of 80 bars can be loca~ed with a rock overburden of about 70-80 meters, whereas 800 meters are required if S no lining is used.
An object of the invention is a system for storing a fluid in a cavity defined in a rock formation, that avoids the necessity of dimensioning for outside water pressure but is still capable to employ the rock as means for absorbing the inside pressure.
The object of the invention is achieved by providing a fluid storage system, comprising:
- a concrete lining adjacent a wall of the cavity in the rock formation - a drainage layer of granular material between the cavity wall and the concrete lining, the drainage layer completely enclosing the concrete lining and transmitting fluid pressure from the cavity to the wall thereof;
- a plurality of drainage channels in the drainage layer;
- sealing means facing the cavity, including a plurality of extensible thin metal sheets attached together and being movable relatively to the concrete lining;
- means for mounting the concrete lining to the wall and allowing the concrete lining to move with respect to the wall, including a plurality of bolts retained to the concrete lining and extending through the drainage layer, 12~6907 the bolts being slidinyly received in respective holes in the wall, whereby allowing the concrete lining to expand toward the wall under the effect of fluid pressure in the cavity by sliding in the respective holes.
I~ preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with relation to the annexed drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a cross-section of a storage space according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is an enlarged cross-section of a portion of the wall construction with the anchoring member 5;
- Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-section of a portion of the transition between the wall and floor with drain pipes 9 and a specific construction 6, 7 for the drainage of water between the metal sheet and the drainage layer;
- Figure 4, on a larger scale, shows the part 7 as seen from inside the storage space; and - Figure 5 shows a portion of the assembly of the sealing function and the manner in which it is secured to a sheet-metal strip in the concrete surface.
The construction comprises, in addition to rock 1, also a drainage layer 2 which is attached to the rock and from which water is pumped off such that no outside pressure is exerted on the lining 3, 4. The drainage layer should also serve to transmit, upon a certain deformation, the pressure to the surrounding volumes. The drainage layer may consist of natural material, e.g. sand, gravel (pebbles).
.
.
lZ~6907 Inwardly of the drainage layer 2, concrete 3 is cast which is force-transmitting and serves as a base for the sealing function 4 which may be a membrane 4 (e.g.
stainless thin sheet). The concre~e is crack control reinforced in order to distribute the cracks which, in connection with deformation, are formed when the concrete exerts a pressure on the drainage layer 2 and the rock 1.
The concrete is anchored in holes drilled in the rock by means of bolts 5. The bolts must be able to move in the drill holes towards the rock upon application of the gas or liquid pressure in the storage space to avoid penetration of - - _ ~296907 the concrete around the bolts 5 which are expansion-type ~olts.
Since pressure can be transmitted to the rock via the concrete layer 3 and the drainage layer 2 and, also, the outside water pressure is removed by means of the continuous drainage layer 2, the sealing function 4 need not be dimensioned for this pressure.
The deformation will make the metal sheet expand slightly. Since the metal sheet is thin, it will plasti-cize in connection with irregularities and cracks inthe concrete, thereby eliminating any bending stresses which, in connection with deformations, will appear in heavier and more rigid sheets.
By using a thin metal sheet, welding can be car-ried out by an automatic seam welding method 12 inFig. 5, which is a known technique used in connection with, for example, roof coverings.
The sheets, which are delivered in rolls, are bent in a special bending machine and welded together by seam welding to an L-section 12 having a thickness of about 0.5 mm and being spot welded ll to a sheet-metal strip lO inserted in the ccncrete surface.
In this case, the bent seam 12 has a function not previously utilized in that the welding seam will not be subjected to tensile loads when the bent seams of the metal sheet are compressed by the gas or the liquid pressure in the storage space.
The use of sheets having such a small thickness (about 0.4 mm) that automatic welding can be used, and the simplified assembly work entail a cost of about one third as compared with the use of a conven-tional welding technique.
Since the concrete is allowed to crack, the cracks can be filled with water. If the water pressure should exceed the inside pressure in the storage space, the metal sheet will rise to some extent from the concrete, .;
~2~6907 and the water wil] llow between the sheet 4 and the concrete 3, resulting in a pressure drop.
Maximum pressure will occur in the lower portion of the wall where the metal sheet also will rise first.
This water is collected via drain pipes 6 which commu-nicate with the drainage layer 2. To make the thin sheets 4 bear across the drain pipes 6, the connec-tion is designed as a perforated strip 7, see Figs. 3 and 4.
When gas is stored, the drainage layer 2 may also serve to absorb leaking gas in the event of gas leakage through the metal sheet, in that the pressure of the escaping gas holds atmospheric pressure in the drainage layer 2. Since water pressure is exerted in the rock, if the storage space is located below the phreatic surface, the gas will not migrate into the rock in an uncontrolled manner but can, via a shaft in the upper part of the storage space, be col-lected and pumped into the storage space or to a gas pipe.
Nor will liquids, such as jet fuels, migrate into the rock without control but be collected to-gether with the drainage water.
By constructing the lining as a sealing function according to the present invention, two essential advantages are obtained:
1. It is possible to store products which cannot be stored against water, e.g. ammonia or deli-cate petroleum products, such as jet fuels and possibly unleaded gasoline, and to store any products where there is no groundwater at reasonable levels.
The present invention relates to a system for sealed lining of a rock chamber for storinq liquid or gas, also under very high pressures, as stated in the preamble of claim 1.
The ceiling, walls and floor of the storage space are lined with a sandwich construction comprising drainage material, concrete affixed to the wall, and a sealing membrane of e.g. stainless thin sheet.
By making a sealed lining in which the pressure from the product kept in the storage space is absorbed by the surrounding rock, it is possible to store e.g. gas or air under excess pressure at a considerably smaller depth below the ground surface than in an unlined storage space where the water pressure in the rock must be higher than the gas or l:iquid pressure from the product in the storage space. According to this invention, the gas pressure or the liquid pressure is balanced by the weight of the rock volume activated on failure or by the lithostatic pressure only.
The lining should also be able to withstand a water pressure from the surrounding rock which is higher than the pressure in the storage space. Such loads occur, for example, when petroleum is stored below the phreatic surface or when storing gas after the storage space has been emptied.
90'7 By this method, a na~ural gas store having an excess pressure of 80 bars can be loca~ed with a rock overburden of about 70-80 meters, whereas 800 meters are required if S no lining is used.
An object of the invention is a system for storing a fluid in a cavity defined in a rock formation, that avoids the necessity of dimensioning for outside water pressure but is still capable to employ the rock as means for absorbing the inside pressure.
The object of the invention is achieved by providing a fluid storage system, comprising:
- a concrete lining adjacent a wall of the cavity in the rock formation - a drainage layer of granular material between the cavity wall and the concrete lining, the drainage layer completely enclosing the concrete lining and transmitting fluid pressure from the cavity to the wall thereof;
- a plurality of drainage channels in the drainage layer;
- sealing means facing the cavity, including a plurality of extensible thin metal sheets attached together and being movable relatively to the concrete lining;
- means for mounting the concrete lining to the wall and allowing the concrete lining to move with respect to the wall, including a plurality of bolts retained to the concrete lining and extending through the drainage layer, 12~6907 the bolts being slidinyly received in respective holes in the wall, whereby allowing the concrete lining to expand toward the wall under the effect of fluid pressure in the cavity by sliding in the respective holes.
I~ preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with relation to the annexed drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a cross-section of a storage space according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is an enlarged cross-section of a portion of the wall construction with the anchoring member 5;
- Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-section of a portion of the transition between the wall and floor with drain pipes 9 and a specific construction 6, 7 for the drainage of water between the metal sheet and the drainage layer;
- Figure 4, on a larger scale, shows the part 7 as seen from inside the storage space; and - Figure 5 shows a portion of the assembly of the sealing function and the manner in which it is secured to a sheet-metal strip in the concrete surface.
The construction comprises, in addition to rock 1, also a drainage layer 2 which is attached to the rock and from which water is pumped off such that no outside pressure is exerted on the lining 3, 4. The drainage layer should also serve to transmit, upon a certain deformation, the pressure to the surrounding volumes. The drainage layer may consist of natural material, e.g. sand, gravel (pebbles).
.
.
lZ~6907 Inwardly of the drainage layer 2, concrete 3 is cast which is force-transmitting and serves as a base for the sealing function 4 which may be a membrane 4 (e.g.
stainless thin sheet). The concre~e is crack control reinforced in order to distribute the cracks which, in connection with deformation, are formed when the concrete exerts a pressure on the drainage layer 2 and the rock 1.
The concrete is anchored in holes drilled in the rock by means of bolts 5. The bolts must be able to move in the drill holes towards the rock upon application of the gas or liquid pressure in the storage space to avoid penetration of - - _ ~296907 the concrete around the bolts 5 which are expansion-type ~olts.
Since pressure can be transmitted to the rock via the concrete layer 3 and the drainage layer 2 and, also, the outside water pressure is removed by means of the continuous drainage layer 2, the sealing function 4 need not be dimensioned for this pressure.
The deformation will make the metal sheet expand slightly. Since the metal sheet is thin, it will plasti-cize in connection with irregularities and cracks inthe concrete, thereby eliminating any bending stresses which, in connection with deformations, will appear in heavier and more rigid sheets.
By using a thin metal sheet, welding can be car-ried out by an automatic seam welding method 12 inFig. 5, which is a known technique used in connection with, for example, roof coverings.
The sheets, which are delivered in rolls, are bent in a special bending machine and welded together by seam welding to an L-section 12 having a thickness of about 0.5 mm and being spot welded ll to a sheet-metal strip lO inserted in the ccncrete surface.
In this case, the bent seam 12 has a function not previously utilized in that the welding seam will not be subjected to tensile loads when the bent seams of the metal sheet are compressed by the gas or the liquid pressure in the storage space.
The use of sheets having such a small thickness (about 0.4 mm) that automatic welding can be used, and the simplified assembly work entail a cost of about one third as compared with the use of a conven-tional welding technique.
Since the concrete is allowed to crack, the cracks can be filled with water. If the water pressure should exceed the inside pressure in the storage space, the metal sheet will rise to some extent from the concrete, .;
~2~6907 and the water wil] llow between the sheet 4 and the concrete 3, resulting in a pressure drop.
Maximum pressure will occur in the lower portion of the wall where the metal sheet also will rise first.
This water is collected via drain pipes 6 which commu-nicate with the drainage layer 2. To make the thin sheets 4 bear across the drain pipes 6, the connec-tion is designed as a perforated strip 7, see Figs. 3 and 4.
When gas is stored, the drainage layer 2 may also serve to absorb leaking gas in the event of gas leakage through the metal sheet, in that the pressure of the escaping gas holds atmospheric pressure in the drainage layer 2. Since water pressure is exerted in the rock, if the storage space is located below the phreatic surface, the gas will not migrate into the rock in an uncontrolled manner but can, via a shaft in the upper part of the storage space, be col-lected and pumped into the storage space or to a gas pipe.
Nor will liquids, such as jet fuels, migrate into the rock without control but be collected to-gether with the drainage water.
By constructing the lining as a sealing function according to the present invention, two essential advantages are obtained:
1. It is possible to store products which cannot be stored against water, e.g. ammonia or deli-cate petroleum products, such as jet fuels and possibly unleaded gasoline, and to store any products where there is no groundwater at reasonable levels.
2. By using the volume of the rock for pressure absorption, it is possible to store e.g. pres-surized gas at considerably smaller depth --~ than when the water pressure is used to prevent - gas or liquid from flowing out.
i~6907 There are a number of lining systems, but none that combines force transmission and force deflection, i.e. ensures continuous drainage in a natural material, which also requires a construction withstanding the deformations which occur when the construction is subjected to pressure in the storage space, without jeopardizing the sealing function (the metal sheet).
i~6907 There are a number of lining systems, but none that combines force transmission and force deflection, i.e. ensures continuous drainage in a natural material, which also requires a construction withstanding the deformations which occur when the construction is subjected to pressure in the storage space, without jeopardizing the sealing function (the metal sheet).
Claims (4)
1. A system for storing a fluid in a cavity defined in a rock formation, comprising:
- a concrete lining adjacent a wall of said cavity;
- a drainage layer of granular material between said wall and said concrete lining, said drainage layer completely enclosing said concrete lining and transmitting fluid pressure from said cavity to said wall;
- a plurality of drainage channels in said drainage layer;
- sealing means facing said cavity, including a plurality of extensible thin metal sheets attached together and being movable relatively to said concrete lining;
- means for mounting said concrete lining to said wall and allowing said concrete lining to move with respect to said wall, including a plurality of bolts retained to said concrete lining and extending through said drainage layer, said bolts being slidingly received in respectively holes in said wall, whereby allowing said concrete lining to expand toward said wall under the effect of fluid pressure in said cavity by sliding in the respective holes.
- a concrete lining adjacent a wall of said cavity;
- a drainage layer of granular material between said wall and said concrete lining, said drainage layer completely enclosing said concrete lining and transmitting fluid pressure from said cavity to said wall;
- a plurality of drainage channels in said drainage layer;
- sealing means facing said cavity, including a plurality of extensible thin metal sheets attached together and being movable relatively to said concrete lining;
- means for mounting said concrete lining to said wall and allowing said concrete lining to move with respect to said wall, including a plurality of bolts retained to said concrete lining and extending through said drainage layer, said bolts being slidingly received in respectively holes in said wall, whereby allowing said concrete lining to expand toward said wall under the effect of fluid pressure in said cavity by sliding in the respective holes.
2. System as defined in claim 1, wherein said sealing means further includes a member L-shaped in cross-section, two adjacent thin metal sheets being joined together by welding to said member, and a sheet metal strip retained to said concrete lining and welded to said member.
3. System as defined in claim 2, wherein said adjacent thin metal sheets are joined together by seam welding to said member.
4. System as defined in claim 1, wherein said granular material is gravel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000532690A CA1296907C (en) | 1987-03-23 | 1987-03-23 | System for storing liquid or gas in a rock chamber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000532690A CA1296907C (en) | 1987-03-23 | 1987-03-23 | System for storing liquid or gas in a rock chamber |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1296907C true CA1296907C (en) | 1992-03-10 |
Family
ID=4135246
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000532690A Expired - Fee Related CA1296907C (en) | 1987-03-23 | 1987-03-23 | System for storing liquid or gas in a rock chamber |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1296907C (en) |
-
1987
- 1987-03-23 CA CA000532690A patent/CA1296907C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |