CA1291614C - Method for the manufacture of molded wooden products - Google Patents
Method for the manufacture of molded wooden productsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1291614C CA1291614C CA000524650A CA524650A CA1291614C CA 1291614 C CA1291614 C CA 1291614C CA 000524650 A CA000524650 A CA 000524650A CA 524650 A CA524650 A CA 524650A CA 1291614 C CA1291614 C CA 1291614C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wood fibers
- mold
- deep
- fibers
- wood
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N5/00—Manufacture of non-flat articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method for the manufacture of molded wooden products by the deep-drawing of wood fibers is provided . The wood fibers to which a synthetic resin-containing binder has been added are introduced into a mold directly or after being formed into an unmatted mass. The shaping mold is divided into plural parts so that either the deep-drawing part or the remaining part is first closed to press firmly the fibrous mass to such an extent the fibers cannot move, and then the entire mold is used for the compression molding of the fibrous mass into a molded wooden product.
A method for the manufacture of molded wooden products by the deep-drawing of wood fibers is provided . The wood fibers to which a synthetic resin-containing binder has been added are introduced into a mold directly or after being formed into an unmatted mass. The shaping mold is divided into plural parts so that either the deep-drawing part or the remaining part is first closed to press firmly the fibrous mass to such an extent the fibers cannot move, and then the entire mold is used for the compression molding of the fibrous mass into a molded wooden product.
Description
~.~t9~i14 BACKGROUND OF THE I NVENT I ON
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the manufacture of a moldec wooden product by introducing into a mold wood fibers to which a binder containing a synthetic resin or the like has been added, and shaping this material by hot compression molding to obtain the molded wooden product.
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the manufacture of a moldec wooden product by introducing into a mold wood fibers to which a binder containing a synthetic resin or the like has been added, and shaping this material by hot compression molding to obtain the molded wooden product.
2. Descri~tion of the Related Art In general, the manufacture of molded wooden products has been carried out by molding wood fibers obtained by disintegrating wood chips by splitting or the like, and then by utilizing the bindability of the wood fibers themselves during molding. The molded wooden products are called hardboards, and the products themselves are uniform and light and have few defects. These products have been widely utilized as interiorl construction materials, furniture, interior substrates for cars, and television and stereo cabinets, for example, since the surface thereof is smooth and has high heat-resistance, high water-repellency and high moisture-resistance, and the strength is relatively high for the thickness of the plate.
The molded wooden products are manufactured, for example, by a wet molding method where wood chips are digested and disintegrated to form wood fibers, a synthetic resin and a cellulose paper are then incorporated into the wood fibers, and this material is dispersed in water and then filtered under pressure and compressed under vacuum to form a mat. This mat or soft fiber plate is compression molded under heat.
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~ 1 ~`9~L~14 Alternatively, a dry mattinq method can be used where a binder such as a synthetic resin is added to bond the wood fibers which are then formed into a stack and pressed under heat with a roll press to obtain a mat, and the mat is compression molded under heat into the desired shape.
The manufacture of molded wooden products, by reference to an example of a conventional dry matting method, is as follows.
Wood chips are put in a digesting tank of a fiber-disintegrating machine and are loosened therein by steam to soften the chips so that the fibers may be disintegrated or split with ease. Next these chips are put into a disintegrating disk and pulverized and disintegrated therein to obtain wood fibers. The wood fibers are dried with hot air, and then these are fully blended with long fibers for the purpose of improving their drawability. As an example, these long fibers can comprise 17% of hemp fibers and,7%
of polypropylene fibers. Also added is 8% of a binder, such as a phenol-type thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin or the like, and 1 to 5% of a water-repelling agent such as rosin, paraffin or the like. Next, the wood fibers to which the binder and other additives have been added are stacked and compressed under heat with a roll press to form an easily portable mat Ml having a thickness of about 10 to 40 mm.
Next, the mat to be molded is cut to a siæe which is somewhat larger than the size of the final article and set on the lower half Of a compression mold. The lower mold half and the upper mold half are heated to a temperature in the range of 180C to 220C by the hot plates.
~-The mold halves are clos~d in alignment with e~ch other by lowering the upper mold half. A gas is generated during this step, and the gas is removed by opening the mold, and thereafter, the upper and lower mold halves are again closed.
These pre-compression and gas-removal steps are repeated several times, and then the mat is finally compressed by the upper mold half and the lower mold half.
Afterwards, the mold is opened, and the product is removed therefrom as a molded wooden product.
~, The above-described conventional method for the manufacture of molded wooden products has several problems. The dry matting method requires the step of forming the wood fibers into a mat which can be easily handled and the step of cutting the mat into : a desired shape. These steps are required so that the mat can be applied to the compression mold with ease. Thus, the method requires additional steps, making it unnecessarily complex. In addition, a binder such as thermoplastic resin or the like is required to form the wood fibers into mats. Further, when the I mat is molded under compression, the mat is apt to be drawn into the mold especially in the deep-drawn portion thereof, and, therefore, the mat is re~uired to be cut in a somewhat larger size than the size of the final molded product. This is uneconomical because the resulting excess material must be cut away and discarded after molding of the product. Thus, the yield of the process is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is increased. In addition, the need for a cutting step after molding 1 !
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the product creates an additional burden. In molding wooden products to have a deeply-drawn portion, long fibers such as expensive hemp fibers and a binder such as a thermoplastic resin are required to be incorporated into the material which forms the mats, in addition to the woods fibers, in order to improve the deep-drawability of the mats. When hemp fibers having no adhesiveness are used, an extra amount of thermosetting resin or like binder is required. This results in an increase in the manufacturing costs, making the product expensive.
'; In the case of the manufacture of molded products having a deeply-drawn portion, when the amount of wood fibers contained in the mat is large, the mat is required to be softened with steam and then pre-shaped into the shape of the article to be obtained, in order to improve the deep-drawability of the mat. In this q case, not only an extra step is required but the edge of the m,at which is stretched by the deep-drawing is made thin. Nhen the pre-shaped mat is molded under compression, the thinner edge will have a low density, and the strength of the final molded wooden product is decreased, especially at the edge thereof. This creates a problem for the manufacturer. In the case where a molded wooden product in the shape of a large plate having a deep-drawn portion is to be formed from a single mat, the mat when drawn into the deep-drawn portion may be broken or folded in the portion near the deep-drawn portion. The density of the folded portion increases, the folded portion becomes blistered, and a wooden product having the desired shape is not obtained.
In order to solve these problems, patches made of the same ... ... ,-.-.5 -- . .. .. .....
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material as that of ~he mat are applied to the mat in the portionto be deep-drawn prior to molding. This makes the operation burdensome and unduly complicated.
When the wet molding method is used, a large amount of water is required for the mat-making step, and, therefore, a large-scale drainage system is necessary. Furthermore, the manufacture of a wooden product having a deep-drawn portion from a mat formed by the wet-molding method is as at least as difficult as the . above-discussed dry matting method, since the fibers become entangled in the formed mat. Thus, the wet-molding method has the same types of problems as the dry matting method, e.g., the deep-drawn portion and the peripheral portion of the final product are thinner or broken.
A method has been considered for the direct compression molding of wood fibers where wood fibers are directly put in a mold of a desired shape and molded therein under compression.
; When a molded product in the shape of a plate is manufactured by such a molding method, almost all the above-mentioned problems can be solved. However, in the molding of deep-drawn portions, special attention is required regarding the molding procedure because, if the compression molding is carried out merely under a conventional process, sufficient deep-drawability is not attained.
Under these circumstances, the present inventors have I previously proposed a method for the manufacture of molded wooden products where ~od Pibers to be molded ~re Porred in ~
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~ ~?~ 4 predetermined shape of low density and the shaped mass is put in a mold and compre`ssion molded under heat. This proposal has solved many of the above-mentioned problems in the use of mats.
However, where the mass of material contains wood fibers which have not been completely disentangled, once compression starts the wood fibers are found to be lacking in fluidity within the mold. Accordingly, in the case of molding deep-drawn portions, the edge of the deep-drawn portion is thinner and the molded product is of reduced quality.
SUMMARY OF THE I NVENT I ON
It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems, to improve the yield of molded wooden products and the manufacture thereof, and to ensure that the molding process has a deep-drawing capability. The present invention provides a method for the manufacture of molded wooden products of an improved quality, and which does not require a mat-forming step.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the steps and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the molding process of this invention relates to the manufacture of a molded wooden product made of wood fiber and having a deep-drawn x~
portion, and comprises the steps of introducing wood fibers into a compression mold, initially compressing the wood fibers other than those used to form the deep-drawn portion to an extent that the compressed fibers are prevented from further movement, and then compression molding under heat both the wood fibers which were initially compressed and the wood fibers used to form the deep-drawn portion to produce the molded wooden product.
Preferably, in the method of the present invention, wood fibers to which a binder or the like has been added are placed directly into a mold, and either the part of the mold to accomplish deep-drawing or the other part is first closed to initially compress the associated fibers. Then all of the wood fibers in the mold are compression molded under heat.
Alternatively, wood fibers to which a binder containing a synthetic resin or the like has been added are formed into a mass of a predetermined shape, the resulting mass is put into a mold, and either the part of the mold where deep-drawing occurs or the remaining part is firs~ closed to initially compress the associated fibers. Thereafter the whole mass is compression molded under heat.
The fibers to be used in the present invention are obtained, for example, by disintegrating wood. The wood used is not specifically limited to a specific type and may be, for example, an akamatsu (Japanese red pine), a sugi (Japanese cedar), a lauan, a Japanese beech, etc. In addition, rice straws, flax husks, bagasse, etc. can also be used.
Conventional processes for the preparation of wood fibers by disintegration of wood chips or the like can be employed by anyone skilled in the art, and can include, for example, the method of digesting wood under pressure and mechanically disintegrating the wood into fibers under the same pressure or under normal pressure.
The b;nder to be added to the wood fibers is preferably one that complements the bonding properties of the wood fibers themselves and the amount added is not specifically limited, provided the wood fibers are bound together to form a molded wooden product having desired strength. Examples include a synthetic resin, including a thermoplastic resin such as a croman resin or a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin or an urea resin, and preferably a water-soluble phenol resin. These resins may be used singly or in the form of a mixture thereof. In addition to the binder, other additives such as a water-repelling agent for improving water-resistance can be added to the wood fibers.
In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the wood fibers are placed directly into the shaping mold, without being formed into a mat. The manner of introduction of the wood fibers directly into the mold is not limited to a specific technique. For instance, the wood fibers to which a binder has been added can be introduced into the mold along with a gas such as air or the like, with the fibers being introduced at one side of the mold under pressure and vacuum being applied at the other side, or by vacuum alone at one side or introduced under pressure r ~ 9~
alone. The wood fibers can also be directly dropped into the mold and accumula~ed therein; or the wood fibers can be formed in a pile on a support such as a net or the like and transported into the mold, the wood fibers being kept on the support by vacuum.
In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the wood fibers to be shaped are formed into a predetermined mass and introduced into a mold. ~he method for thus forming this mass and the method for the transportation of the mass into a mold are not specifically limited to any particular technique. For instance, a laminating container is provided with a metal net therein and the fibrous material is introduced into the container under vacuum so that the material forms in a pile on the metal net. Thereafter, the material piled on the net is carried bn a holder under vacuum, transported into a shaping mold, and, once the preferred positioning of the material is determined, the vacuum in the holder is released to drop the fibrous material into position in the mold.
For the compression molding of the fibrous material where either the part of the mold used for deep-drawing or the remaining part is first closed and then all of the fibrous material is molded under pressure, the mold is divided into several parts in the direction that compression is to occur, e.g., in the vertical direction, into a part used for deep-drawing, and the remaining part of the mold. The wood fibers residing in either of these thus-divided parts are first closed, and thereafter, the whole mass of fibers is molded under -- . ,.. . ..... , ~, .; ., . . - . , .
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pressure. In this process, the operation of "closing~ means to firmly press the wood fibers to such an extent that the fibers cannot move.
Since a time interval is to occur between the compression of the portion of the fibrous material to be deep-drawn and that of the remaining part which is not to be deep drawn, either the upper mold or the lower mold constituting the entire mold is divided into the corresponding part used for deep-drawing and the other part or parts not used for deep drawing. One of the thus divided parts is vertically movable relative to the other part or parts. The movable part is actuated by a moving means such as a spring which applies an appropriate force. The molding parameters in this case are based upon and determined in accordance with the wood fibers used, the type of binder, the size or shape of the article to be produced, and the desired strength of the final product. For instance, compression molding can be carried out at a temperature of 150C to 220C, a molding pressure of 20 to 80 kg/cm2, and a molding time of 20 seconds to 5 minutes.
In the method for manufacturing molded wooden products of the present invention, the wood fibers to which a binder has been added are compression molded, and, therefore, the wood fibers are integrally bonded. In addition, since the wood fibers can be directly introduced into the mold, for example, by an air-flow, without being formed into a mat, the fibers are not entangled but are unconnected and dispersed at random. Therefore, the wood fibers are fully disintegrated and entrained in the fluid, and only a small amount of binder need be used.
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In deep-draw molding, where the wood fibers in the portion to be deep-drawn àre first closed or compresssed in the mold, the wood fibers in this part of the mold are stably fixed in the mold, as in the case of a pre-shaped material. Alternatively, where the other part of the mold -- other than the part to accomplish deep-drawing -- is first closed to compress the wood fibers therein, the excess wood fibers shift to the part of the mold where deep-drawing is to occur, and the latter part is sufficiently filled with wood fibers so that the subsequent deep-drawing step can be carried out without the deep-drawn portion of the final product being cracked or thinly formed.
Accordingly, the method of the present invention is not dependent upon a step of forming the wood fibers into a mat and a step of cutting the mat to a determined shape. In addition, the present method does not require binder in the formation of the mat. Further, long fibers such as hemp fibers for the improvement of deep-drawability as well as thermosetting resins for binding such fibers and extra amounts of thermoplastic resins are unnecessary. The additional steps of pre-shaping, of reinforcing the portion to be deep-drawn by applying patch materials thereto, and of applying steam to the wood fibers in the portion to be deep-drawn, are unnnecessary in the manufacture of molded products in accordance with the present invention, and the resulting molded products have satisfactory strength.
In accordance with the method of the present invention, deep-drawability is improved and high-strength molded wooden products can easily be obtained, as noted above. In addition, some steps typically required in conventional matting methods car be omitted in the method of the present invention. Therefore, complexity and the cost of raw materials can be reduced, and productivity can be improved.
In the method of the present invention, the fibrous material to be molded can be formed into a mass having a predetermined shape and the resulting mass introduced into a shaping mold, making the process of forming a mat from the wood fibers unnecessary. Again, the yield of the products is improved and the manufacturing process is simplified. Furthermore, compression occurs when the wood fibers are in an untanqled state, and therefore, the wood fibers in the peripheral portions of the article are prevented from moving inside the mold during compression molding. The forming of the external shape of the molded product results only from compression molding, and, thus, the step of afterworking the article for improving the surface characteristics of the final product can be omitted.
A time interval occurs between the compression step of the portion of the fibrous material to be deep-drawn and that of the remaining portions not to be deep-drawn, thereby ensuring that a sufficient amount of wood fibers reside at the edge of the portion to be deep-drawn so that the deep-drawing capability is improved.
The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the specification, illustrate the prior art and preferred embodiments of the invention and, together with tne general jl description given above and the detailed description of the ,.~ ~L~??~
preferred embodiments given belowr serve to explain the principles of thè invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWIN~S
Fig. 1 shows a sectional view in elevation of a mold (in open position) which can be used in compression molding wood fibers in accordance with a first embodiment of the method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows a sectional view in elevation of the mold of Fig. 1 in initially compressed and partially closed position;
Fig. 3 shows a sectional view in elevation of the mold of Fig. 1 in fully compressed and closed position with the wood fibers under compression;
Fig. ~ shows a plan view of a side plate of the mold used in the first embodiment of the method of the present invention;
:~ Fig. 5 shows a sectional view in elevation of a mold which can be used in compression molding of wood fibers in accordance with a second embodiment of the method of the invention;
Fig. 6 shows a view of an apparatus suitable for feeding wood fibers in the first embodiment of the method of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing an apparatus for forming a mass of wood fibers;
Figs. 8 and 9 are schematic views showing an apparatus for transporting a mass of fibrous material formed by the apparatus of Fig. 7 and an embodiment for the use therof;
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a molded wooden product manufactured in accordance with a first embodiment of the method of the present invention;
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Fig. ll shows a perspective view of a mat of wood fibers used in prlor art processes;
Fi~. 12 ~hows a sectlonal view in elevation of a prior art mold in whlch a mat of the type shown in ~ig. 11 has been placed; and Fi~. 13 shows a sectional view in elevation of the mold of Fig. 12 with the mat of Fi8. 11 under compression.
In the prior art, as shown in Fig. 12, the mat Nl to be moldeA i5 sst on the lower half 2 of compression mold 1. The upper half 3 and the lower half 2 are both heated by hot plates 4. Fig. 13 shows the mat being finally compressed to a molded wooden product ~2. In Fig. 13, M2' represents excess material derived during molding.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EHBODInEUT
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention as illustrsted in the accompanying drawings. The present invention will be explained in the following examples in which the processes of the present invention are adapted, by way of example, to the molding of a door trim substrate with an arm rest, this product finding utility in the manufacture of automobiles.
EXANPLE 1:
An example of the manufacture of wood f~bers wlll be flrst explainsd.
Chips comprising small pieces of wood obtained by chipping wooden mater~als are digested and disintegrated at 160C to 180C. The wetted wood fibers thus obtained are dried with hot air.
Next, the dried wood fibers are put into a blender and stlrred while they are ~imultaneously sprayed with 1 to 5% of paraffln as a water-repellent agent, 2 to 10% ~by dry weight) of phenol resin-aqueous solution (resin content, for example, 50~) as a binder, and a mold lubricant or the like.
During the stirring and spraying process, the fibers are well blended while .~
the water content in the wood fibers is appropriately regulated to obtain binder-`containing wood fibers.
The wood fibers to which the binder has been added are directly introduced into a shaping mold, without being formed into a mat. This step is carried out as follows.
The above-mentioned wood fibers M3 to which the binder has been added are put in a feeding container 21 of filling apparatus 20, as shown in Fig. 6. The filling apparatus 20 is composed of the feeding container 21 and a pressure container 22. The two 3~ containers are linked with each other via the opening 23 located at the bottom part of the feeding container 21 and the aligned opening 23' at the upper part of the pressure container 22. The aligned openings 23 and 23' are blocked by the masking plate 24 which can be opened and shut by the action of cylinder 26. The masking plate 24 is reciprocated by the action of cylinder 26 so that a hole in the masking plate can be brought into and out of alignment with the openings 23 and 23'. When the masking plate 24 is opened, i.e., its hole is brought into alignment with holes 23 and 23', the wood fibers M3 to which the binder and the like have been added fall down to the pressure container 22 through the openings 23 and 23'. A pair of rotatable brush wheels are provided in the lower part of the feeding container 21 where the wood fibers M3 have been kept. These brushes when rotated cause the top of the brushes to engage with each other which tend to untangle any entangled fibers of the wood fibers M3 that are contacted.
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The pressure container 22 is provided with a weighinq plate 27 below the opening 23', and the wood fibers M3 which fall through this opening pile up on this weighing plate 27. The weight of the wood fibers M3 on the weighing plate 27 is measured by a load cell (not shown~ connected to the weighing plate 27, and when the weight has reached a predetermined value, the brush wheels are stopped and the masking plate 24 is shut, thereby terminating the feeding of the wood fibers M3 into the pressure container 22.
With reference to Fig. 1, the mold 30 comprises an upper mold 31 and lower mold 32. The mold faces are inclined at an angle such that the angle for compression of the portion to be deep-drawn is not too large. The lower mold 32 comprises several parts including the fixed lower mold part 32a, positioned in the center of the mold for the portion of the fibrous material,tolbe deep-drawn, and the movable lower mold parts 32b which are supported by the springs 48 and are adjacent to the fixed part 32a. The mold parts 32b are designed to compress the fibrous material surrounding the portion of the fibrous material to be deep-drawn. In the state where the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 are open, the movable mold parts 32b positioned adjacent to the deep-drawing part of the lower mold 32 are elevated by the springs 48 to a height higher than the fixed lower mold part 32a, but the stopper plates 46 connected at the bottom of the lower mold parts 32b act to limit the upward movement of these parts by contact with the top of stoppers 47.
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The upper mold 31 has a deep-drawing part in concave form.
When opened, the shaping mold 30 forms a defined cavity, where the distance across the mold at the deep-drawing part is wider than the other parts of the mold. The periphery of the mold 30 is surrounded by side plates 33 and 34 so that the wood fibers M
once fed into the mold do not escape out of the mold 30. The side plates 33 and 34, which face each other, are movable along the side surfaces of the mold 30. One side plate 33 has a feeding port 35 (see also Fig. 4) opening to a position corresponding to the opening in the side of the opened mold 30, and the other side plate 34 has a net 36 to hold the wood fibers M3 within the opened mold 30.
The discharge opening 28 provided in the pressure container 22 (Fig. 6) is designed to be aligned with the feeding port 35 of the side plate 33 of mold 3Q tFig. 1). As air is introduced into the pres-sure container 22 from the opening opposite to opening 28, the wood fibers M3 accumulated on the weighing plate 27 in the pressure container 22 are transported into the mold 30 by the air. In this procedure, the air passes through the net 36 of the outer plate 34, while the wood fibers M3 are contained by the net 36 and thus fill the cavity of mold 30.
During this introduction of the fibers under pressure, negative or a vacuum is also applied at the downstream side of the net 36. The wood fibers M3 introduced into the mold 30 under such pressure and vacuum collect from the mold side of the net 36 inwardly without entangling the fibers. In this step, air .... .
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contained in the wood fibers M3 are degassed by vacuum via the air-removal holes 42 provided in the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32, and the vacuum ducts 43, to aid in uniformly filling the mold with the wood fibers M3. In the air-removal procedure, the vacuum in the air-removal holes in the side of the lower flow (in upper mold 32) may be varied relative to that of the holes in the side of the upper flow (in upper mold 31) as the filling of the wood fibers M3 in the mold 30 progresses. The quantity of wood fibers M3 admitted into the mold 30 may be determined on the basis of their weight, as mentioned above, or, alternatively, it may be determined on the basis of the pressure imparted during the introduction of the fibers into the mold while the density o the fibers as they fill the mold is appropriately regulated or monitored.
The wood fibers M3 to which the binder and other additiv,e~s have been added are now ready to be compression molded. First, the side plate 33 arranged on the side surface of mold 30 is moved to cover the mold opening with the use of the rack 37 and pinion 39 gearing. The rack 37 is provided below the side plate 33, whi:Le the pinion 39 is rotated by the motor 38 fixed t the bracket 40, so that the opening in mold 30 is covered by the part of the side plate 33 (Fig. 4) adjacent to the feeding port 35 thereof, as shown in Fig. 2. In the same manner, the side plate 34 containing net 36 is also moved by a side-plate sliding means (not shown), so that this opening in mold 30 is covered by the part of the side plate 34 adjacent to the net 36, as also shown in Fig. 2. Thus, the position of these side ~ -19-plates 33 and 34 are fixed with respect to the position of the lower mold 32.
Next, the wood fibers M3 are molded into the desired shape under compression created between the upper mold 31 and the lowe~
mold 32, which have been heated to a temperature in the range of 150C to 220C by the hot plates 41, by downward movement of upper mold 31 as shown in Fig. 2. The molding surfaces of the parts 32b of the lower mold 32 around the deep-drawing part 45 are elevated due to the springs 48, and thus, the wood fibers M3 are sandwiched between the descending upper mold 31 and the lower mold parts 32b, and pressed together. ~he lower mold parts 32b are supported by the springs 48 and, thus, the force exerted by the springs 48 is imparted as pressure to the wood fibers M3.
However, the height of the springs 48 is reduced under pressure created by upper mold 31, and the lower mold parts 32b descend as the upper mold 31 descends further. The descent of the lower mold parts 32b stops when the stopper plates 46 provided below these mold parts reach the hot plate 41 at the bottom of the mold. In this state, the wood fibers M3 are closed or compacted in the area around the deep-drawing part 45, but because a high level of pressure has not yet been imparted, the fibers are not yet formed into a molded product. Any excess of wood fibers resulting from this step flow into the deep-drawing part of the mold so that it is completely filled.
The upper mold 31 is now lowered further so that the wood fibers M3 across the entire mold 30 are molded into the desired shape by the pressure created by the the upper mold 31 and the ,~ ' ~19~
lower mold 32 and the applied heat, as shown in Fig. 3. During this step, any gas generated is removed under vacuum by the gas-removal holes 42 via the vacuum ducts 43 and the valve 44 at the position approximately 10 mm before the bottom dead point of the upper mold 31. The molding parameters can include, for example, a molding pressure of 20 to 80 kg/cm2 and a molding time of 20 seconds to 5 minutes.
In this process as just described, the peripheral part of the mold 30 adjacent to the deep-drawîng part 45 is first partially closed to initially compress the wood fibers in the non-deep-drawn region, thereby preventing further movement of these fibers. Afterwards, the entire mass of fibers is compression molded under heat into the desired shape. This deep-drawn molding process operates in a stable ~anner without the formation of thin regions in the final product or the susceptibility of the product to breakage or fracture during manufacture. ~n addition, that part of the product other than the deep-drawn portion is shaped in the initial compressing stage of the molding process, and, therefore, the manufacturing yield is improved by eliminating the waste encountered in the use of the mats.
When the mold is opened, vacuum applied through the gas-removal holes 42 in the upper mold 31 holds the molded wooden product M4 against the upper mold 31 and it is thus lifted up therewith. After the valve 44 is closed and vacuum is released, the molded wooden product M4 is removed. The product has the shape of a door trim substrate in which the deep-drawn part 45 is an arm rest, as shown in Fig. 10. This product is free from defects and has a`thickness of 2.5 mm and a bending strength of 200 to 350 kg/cm2 or higher.
Since the molding is carried out with the interior mold surfaces being inclined, in the present example, the compression angle and the drawing angle in the deep-drawn portion are small.
Therefore, molding can be achieved without the deep-drawn portior being broken, and further, the final product can easily be removed from the mold.
EXAMPLE 2:
In this second example of the invention, the wood chips are digested, disintegrated and dried to obtain wood fibers, in the same manner as in Example 1. The wood fibers are preferably blended with the same binder, water-repellant agent, mold lubricant and the like as in Example 1. The wood fibers to which the binder and other additives have been added are put into the compression mold 50 shown in Fig. 5 by use of the same techniques used in describing Example 1.
The mold 50 comprises an upper mold 51 and a lower mold 52.
The upper mold 51 is divided into a separately movable upper mold part 51a for use in deep-drawing and the adjacent or surrounding upper mold parts 51b. With the wood fibers inside the mold 50, the side plates 33 and 34 are closed to enclose the mold 50 as described in Example 1. Next, the deep-drawing upper mold part 51a is lowered by the action of the rod 49 so that the wood fibers M3 of the portion to be deep-drawn 45 are firmly pressed together in this closing step. Afterwards, the upper mold parts . . ... __.. . .... . .. .... ~ . ..
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51b are lowered~ and all of the fibers M3 in the mold 50 are molded into the desired shape under hot compression molding by the upper mold 51 and the lower mold 52. The wood fibers in the deep-drawn part 45 have been pressed together during the closing step and correspond to a pre-shaped mass. Therefore, this portion of the final product is stably deep-drawn without being broken or made made unduly thin. The molding parameters may be the same as used in Example 1. The final product obtained has equally superior strength as that obtained in Example 1. In the ;~ process of the present example, additional steps such as pre-compression are unnecessary, and the same or an improved result can be attained as if these steps had been taken.
One embodiment of the mass-forming apparatus for the preparation of the fibrous mass W is shown in Fig. 7. The mass-forming apparatus 60 is principally comprised of a spraying container 61 which has an angled roof-like form made of iron plate or the like and a laminating container 62 for laminating c.~ the fibrous mixture M comprising wood fibers, binder and other additives. Container 62 is positioned below container 61. The spraying container 61 has an opening 63 in the top thereof, and a nozzle 64 is provided above opening 63 for spraying the fibrous mixture M fed through a pressure duct (not shown) to the nozzle.
Air containers 65 are provided on both sides of opening 63, with each having an orifice in the inside thereof (not shown) for directing a jet of air against the spray. These jets are used for regulating the direction in which the mixture is sprayed.
Each of these containers 65 is constructed to receive air fed through air-feeding ducts 66 as switched by switch valve 67.
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A vacuum duct 68 for applying vacuum to the interior of the laminating container 62 is connected to the bottom side of laminating container 62. A form-imparting part 69, which, for example, comprises a metal net, punched metal or the like and which functions to form the bottom surface of the mass into a predetermined shape, is provided above the vacuum duct 68. The laminating container 62 has height sensors 70 on the side wall above the form-imparting part 69 for detecting the levels and thus the amount of the mixture M and to form the upper surface of the mass W into a desired shape.
The operation of the mass-forming apparatus 60 is as follows. The switch valve 67 is opened to feed air into one or both of the air containers 65 through the air-feeding ducts 66, and provide air-flow from the spraying container 61 to the laminating container 62. Thereafter, mixture M is released from the nozzle 64 and passes through the opening 63 The released mixture M descends from the opening 63 of the spraying container 61 along with the air, in a floating manner, into the laminating container 62 to form a predetermined accumulation on the form-imparting part 69. In this step, the air jets provided by container 65 are appropriately regulated by switching the switching valve 67, or by shutting both the valve and the orifices, so that the direction of the falling mixture M is controlled and the fibers fall on predetermined positions of the form-imparting part 69 where they quickly accumulate to the desired thickness~ In this procedure, air in the mixture is drawn from the bottom of the laminating container 62 by the vacuum duct 68, and the lamination of the mixture M is accelerated.
As the lamination of the mixture M proceeds, certain of the height sensors 70 provided on the side wall of the container 62 detect that levels of the mixture M have reached predetermined heights. The switch valve 67 is appropriately controlled so that the direction of the fall of the fibrous mixture is changed.
Eventually, all the sensors 70 will detect that the desired levels of the m;xture M have been attained. At this stage, the feeding of the mixture M is stopped and, at the same time, the feeding of the air from the air-feeding duct 66 is also stopped.
The mass of material W having a predetermined shape is thus obtained. The mass W, constituted as a lamination of fibers, has an extremely low density, and, generally, its thickness is selected to be 20 to 120 times that of the final molded product.
In order to transport the fibrous mass W to the mold, the above-described laminating container 62 is released from the spraying container 61, and is aligned with a holder 71, for example, as shown in Fig. 8. The holder 71 has a configuration capable of receiving the laminating container 62, and is provided on the inside with a form-imparting part 72 comprising a metal net or the like and shaped to correspond to the thickened part WI
of the material mass W. The top of holder 71 above part 72 is connected with a vacuum tube 73. When a vacuum is applied to the vacuum duct 73, the fibrous mass W is elevated by virtue of having a light specific gravity, and closely adheres to the form-imparting part 72 in the holder 71, and with the vacuum .~ ` ~ ?,~
maintained, the holder is also lifted up with the fibrous mass and can now be moved by a conveying means (not shown), in the direction shown in Fig. 9, to a predetermined position within a mold, e.g., mold 30 or mold 50 of the present invention, where the mass is dropped into the inside of the mold, in contrast to the feeding means used in the mold of Fig. 1, and thereafter the vacuum is released and the mass W is set in the mold.
Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention in its broader aspects is, therefore, not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of the applicant's general inventive concept, provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
The molded wooden products are manufactured, for example, by a wet molding method where wood chips are digested and disintegrated to form wood fibers, a synthetic resin and a cellulose paper are then incorporated into the wood fibers, and this material is dispersed in water and then filtered under pressure and compressed under vacuum to form a mat. This mat or soft fiber plate is compression molded under heat.
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~ 1 ~`9~L~14 Alternatively, a dry mattinq method can be used where a binder such as a synthetic resin is added to bond the wood fibers which are then formed into a stack and pressed under heat with a roll press to obtain a mat, and the mat is compression molded under heat into the desired shape.
The manufacture of molded wooden products, by reference to an example of a conventional dry matting method, is as follows.
Wood chips are put in a digesting tank of a fiber-disintegrating machine and are loosened therein by steam to soften the chips so that the fibers may be disintegrated or split with ease. Next these chips are put into a disintegrating disk and pulverized and disintegrated therein to obtain wood fibers. The wood fibers are dried with hot air, and then these are fully blended with long fibers for the purpose of improving their drawability. As an example, these long fibers can comprise 17% of hemp fibers and,7%
of polypropylene fibers. Also added is 8% of a binder, such as a phenol-type thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin or the like, and 1 to 5% of a water-repelling agent such as rosin, paraffin or the like. Next, the wood fibers to which the binder and other additives have been added are stacked and compressed under heat with a roll press to form an easily portable mat Ml having a thickness of about 10 to 40 mm.
Next, the mat to be molded is cut to a siæe which is somewhat larger than the size of the final article and set on the lower half Of a compression mold. The lower mold half and the upper mold half are heated to a temperature in the range of 180C to 220C by the hot plates.
~-The mold halves are clos~d in alignment with e~ch other by lowering the upper mold half. A gas is generated during this step, and the gas is removed by opening the mold, and thereafter, the upper and lower mold halves are again closed.
These pre-compression and gas-removal steps are repeated several times, and then the mat is finally compressed by the upper mold half and the lower mold half.
Afterwards, the mold is opened, and the product is removed therefrom as a molded wooden product.
~, The above-described conventional method for the manufacture of molded wooden products has several problems. The dry matting method requires the step of forming the wood fibers into a mat which can be easily handled and the step of cutting the mat into : a desired shape. These steps are required so that the mat can be applied to the compression mold with ease. Thus, the method requires additional steps, making it unnecessarily complex. In addition, a binder such as thermoplastic resin or the like is required to form the wood fibers into mats. Further, when the I mat is molded under compression, the mat is apt to be drawn into the mold especially in the deep-drawn portion thereof, and, therefore, the mat is re~uired to be cut in a somewhat larger size than the size of the final molded product. This is uneconomical because the resulting excess material must be cut away and discarded after molding of the product. Thus, the yield of the process is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is increased. In addition, the need for a cutting step after molding 1 !
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the product creates an additional burden. In molding wooden products to have a deeply-drawn portion, long fibers such as expensive hemp fibers and a binder such as a thermoplastic resin are required to be incorporated into the material which forms the mats, in addition to the woods fibers, in order to improve the deep-drawability of the mats. When hemp fibers having no adhesiveness are used, an extra amount of thermosetting resin or like binder is required. This results in an increase in the manufacturing costs, making the product expensive.
'; In the case of the manufacture of molded products having a deeply-drawn portion, when the amount of wood fibers contained in the mat is large, the mat is required to be softened with steam and then pre-shaped into the shape of the article to be obtained, in order to improve the deep-drawability of the mat. In this q case, not only an extra step is required but the edge of the m,at which is stretched by the deep-drawing is made thin. Nhen the pre-shaped mat is molded under compression, the thinner edge will have a low density, and the strength of the final molded wooden product is decreased, especially at the edge thereof. This creates a problem for the manufacturer. In the case where a molded wooden product in the shape of a large plate having a deep-drawn portion is to be formed from a single mat, the mat when drawn into the deep-drawn portion may be broken or folded in the portion near the deep-drawn portion. The density of the folded portion increases, the folded portion becomes blistered, and a wooden product having the desired shape is not obtained.
In order to solve these problems, patches made of the same ... ... ,-.-.5 -- . .. .. .....
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material as that of ~he mat are applied to the mat in the portionto be deep-drawn prior to molding. This makes the operation burdensome and unduly complicated.
When the wet molding method is used, a large amount of water is required for the mat-making step, and, therefore, a large-scale drainage system is necessary. Furthermore, the manufacture of a wooden product having a deep-drawn portion from a mat formed by the wet-molding method is as at least as difficult as the . above-discussed dry matting method, since the fibers become entangled in the formed mat. Thus, the wet-molding method has the same types of problems as the dry matting method, e.g., the deep-drawn portion and the peripheral portion of the final product are thinner or broken.
A method has been considered for the direct compression molding of wood fibers where wood fibers are directly put in a mold of a desired shape and molded therein under compression.
; When a molded product in the shape of a plate is manufactured by such a molding method, almost all the above-mentioned problems can be solved. However, in the molding of deep-drawn portions, special attention is required regarding the molding procedure because, if the compression molding is carried out merely under a conventional process, sufficient deep-drawability is not attained.
Under these circumstances, the present inventors have I previously proposed a method for the manufacture of molded wooden products where ~od Pibers to be molded ~re Porred in ~
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~ ~?~ 4 predetermined shape of low density and the shaped mass is put in a mold and compre`ssion molded under heat. This proposal has solved many of the above-mentioned problems in the use of mats.
However, where the mass of material contains wood fibers which have not been completely disentangled, once compression starts the wood fibers are found to be lacking in fluidity within the mold. Accordingly, in the case of molding deep-drawn portions, the edge of the deep-drawn portion is thinner and the molded product is of reduced quality.
SUMMARY OF THE I NVENT I ON
It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems, to improve the yield of molded wooden products and the manufacture thereof, and to ensure that the molding process has a deep-drawing capability. The present invention provides a method for the manufacture of molded wooden products of an improved quality, and which does not require a mat-forming step.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the steps and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the molding process of this invention relates to the manufacture of a molded wooden product made of wood fiber and having a deep-drawn x~
portion, and comprises the steps of introducing wood fibers into a compression mold, initially compressing the wood fibers other than those used to form the deep-drawn portion to an extent that the compressed fibers are prevented from further movement, and then compression molding under heat both the wood fibers which were initially compressed and the wood fibers used to form the deep-drawn portion to produce the molded wooden product.
Preferably, in the method of the present invention, wood fibers to which a binder or the like has been added are placed directly into a mold, and either the part of the mold to accomplish deep-drawing or the other part is first closed to initially compress the associated fibers. Then all of the wood fibers in the mold are compression molded under heat.
Alternatively, wood fibers to which a binder containing a synthetic resin or the like has been added are formed into a mass of a predetermined shape, the resulting mass is put into a mold, and either the part of the mold where deep-drawing occurs or the remaining part is firs~ closed to initially compress the associated fibers. Thereafter the whole mass is compression molded under heat.
The fibers to be used in the present invention are obtained, for example, by disintegrating wood. The wood used is not specifically limited to a specific type and may be, for example, an akamatsu (Japanese red pine), a sugi (Japanese cedar), a lauan, a Japanese beech, etc. In addition, rice straws, flax husks, bagasse, etc. can also be used.
Conventional processes for the preparation of wood fibers by disintegration of wood chips or the like can be employed by anyone skilled in the art, and can include, for example, the method of digesting wood under pressure and mechanically disintegrating the wood into fibers under the same pressure or under normal pressure.
The b;nder to be added to the wood fibers is preferably one that complements the bonding properties of the wood fibers themselves and the amount added is not specifically limited, provided the wood fibers are bound together to form a molded wooden product having desired strength. Examples include a synthetic resin, including a thermoplastic resin such as a croman resin or a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin or an urea resin, and preferably a water-soluble phenol resin. These resins may be used singly or in the form of a mixture thereof. In addition to the binder, other additives such as a water-repelling agent for improving water-resistance can be added to the wood fibers.
In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the wood fibers are placed directly into the shaping mold, without being formed into a mat. The manner of introduction of the wood fibers directly into the mold is not limited to a specific technique. For instance, the wood fibers to which a binder has been added can be introduced into the mold along with a gas such as air or the like, with the fibers being introduced at one side of the mold under pressure and vacuum being applied at the other side, or by vacuum alone at one side or introduced under pressure r ~ 9~
alone. The wood fibers can also be directly dropped into the mold and accumula~ed therein; or the wood fibers can be formed in a pile on a support such as a net or the like and transported into the mold, the wood fibers being kept on the support by vacuum.
In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the wood fibers to be shaped are formed into a predetermined mass and introduced into a mold. ~he method for thus forming this mass and the method for the transportation of the mass into a mold are not specifically limited to any particular technique. For instance, a laminating container is provided with a metal net therein and the fibrous material is introduced into the container under vacuum so that the material forms in a pile on the metal net. Thereafter, the material piled on the net is carried bn a holder under vacuum, transported into a shaping mold, and, once the preferred positioning of the material is determined, the vacuum in the holder is released to drop the fibrous material into position in the mold.
For the compression molding of the fibrous material where either the part of the mold used for deep-drawing or the remaining part is first closed and then all of the fibrous material is molded under pressure, the mold is divided into several parts in the direction that compression is to occur, e.g., in the vertical direction, into a part used for deep-drawing, and the remaining part of the mold. The wood fibers residing in either of these thus-divided parts are first closed, and thereafter, the whole mass of fibers is molded under -- . ,.. . ..... , ~, .; ., . . - . , .
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pressure. In this process, the operation of "closing~ means to firmly press the wood fibers to such an extent that the fibers cannot move.
Since a time interval is to occur between the compression of the portion of the fibrous material to be deep-drawn and that of the remaining part which is not to be deep drawn, either the upper mold or the lower mold constituting the entire mold is divided into the corresponding part used for deep-drawing and the other part or parts not used for deep drawing. One of the thus divided parts is vertically movable relative to the other part or parts. The movable part is actuated by a moving means such as a spring which applies an appropriate force. The molding parameters in this case are based upon and determined in accordance with the wood fibers used, the type of binder, the size or shape of the article to be produced, and the desired strength of the final product. For instance, compression molding can be carried out at a temperature of 150C to 220C, a molding pressure of 20 to 80 kg/cm2, and a molding time of 20 seconds to 5 minutes.
In the method for manufacturing molded wooden products of the present invention, the wood fibers to which a binder has been added are compression molded, and, therefore, the wood fibers are integrally bonded. In addition, since the wood fibers can be directly introduced into the mold, for example, by an air-flow, without being formed into a mat, the fibers are not entangled but are unconnected and dispersed at random. Therefore, the wood fibers are fully disintegrated and entrained in the fluid, and only a small amount of binder need be used.
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In deep-draw molding, where the wood fibers in the portion to be deep-drawn àre first closed or compresssed in the mold, the wood fibers in this part of the mold are stably fixed in the mold, as in the case of a pre-shaped material. Alternatively, where the other part of the mold -- other than the part to accomplish deep-drawing -- is first closed to compress the wood fibers therein, the excess wood fibers shift to the part of the mold where deep-drawing is to occur, and the latter part is sufficiently filled with wood fibers so that the subsequent deep-drawing step can be carried out without the deep-drawn portion of the final product being cracked or thinly formed.
Accordingly, the method of the present invention is not dependent upon a step of forming the wood fibers into a mat and a step of cutting the mat to a determined shape. In addition, the present method does not require binder in the formation of the mat. Further, long fibers such as hemp fibers for the improvement of deep-drawability as well as thermosetting resins for binding such fibers and extra amounts of thermoplastic resins are unnecessary. The additional steps of pre-shaping, of reinforcing the portion to be deep-drawn by applying patch materials thereto, and of applying steam to the wood fibers in the portion to be deep-drawn, are unnnecessary in the manufacture of molded products in accordance with the present invention, and the resulting molded products have satisfactory strength.
In accordance with the method of the present invention, deep-drawability is improved and high-strength molded wooden products can easily be obtained, as noted above. In addition, some steps typically required in conventional matting methods car be omitted in the method of the present invention. Therefore, complexity and the cost of raw materials can be reduced, and productivity can be improved.
In the method of the present invention, the fibrous material to be molded can be formed into a mass having a predetermined shape and the resulting mass introduced into a shaping mold, making the process of forming a mat from the wood fibers unnecessary. Again, the yield of the products is improved and the manufacturing process is simplified. Furthermore, compression occurs when the wood fibers are in an untanqled state, and therefore, the wood fibers in the peripheral portions of the article are prevented from moving inside the mold during compression molding. The forming of the external shape of the molded product results only from compression molding, and, thus, the step of afterworking the article for improving the surface characteristics of the final product can be omitted.
A time interval occurs between the compression step of the portion of the fibrous material to be deep-drawn and that of the remaining portions not to be deep-drawn, thereby ensuring that a sufficient amount of wood fibers reside at the edge of the portion to be deep-drawn so that the deep-drawing capability is improved.
The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the specification, illustrate the prior art and preferred embodiments of the invention and, together with tne general jl description given above and the detailed description of the ,.~ ~L~??~
preferred embodiments given belowr serve to explain the principles of thè invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWIN~S
Fig. 1 shows a sectional view in elevation of a mold (in open position) which can be used in compression molding wood fibers in accordance with a first embodiment of the method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows a sectional view in elevation of the mold of Fig. 1 in initially compressed and partially closed position;
Fig. 3 shows a sectional view in elevation of the mold of Fig. 1 in fully compressed and closed position with the wood fibers under compression;
Fig. ~ shows a plan view of a side plate of the mold used in the first embodiment of the method of the present invention;
:~ Fig. 5 shows a sectional view in elevation of a mold which can be used in compression molding of wood fibers in accordance with a second embodiment of the method of the invention;
Fig. 6 shows a view of an apparatus suitable for feeding wood fibers in the first embodiment of the method of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing an apparatus for forming a mass of wood fibers;
Figs. 8 and 9 are schematic views showing an apparatus for transporting a mass of fibrous material formed by the apparatus of Fig. 7 and an embodiment for the use therof;
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a molded wooden product manufactured in accordance with a first embodiment of the method of the present invention;
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Fig. ll shows a perspective view of a mat of wood fibers used in prlor art processes;
Fi~. 12 ~hows a sectlonal view in elevation of a prior art mold in whlch a mat of the type shown in ~ig. 11 has been placed; and Fi~. 13 shows a sectional view in elevation of the mold of Fig. 12 with the mat of Fi8. 11 under compression.
In the prior art, as shown in Fig. 12, the mat Nl to be moldeA i5 sst on the lower half 2 of compression mold 1. The upper half 3 and the lower half 2 are both heated by hot plates 4. Fig. 13 shows the mat being finally compressed to a molded wooden product ~2. In Fig. 13, M2' represents excess material derived during molding.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EHBODInEUT
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention as illustrsted in the accompanying drawings. The present invention will be explained in the following examples in which the processes of the present invention are adapted, by way of example, to the molding of a door trim substrate with an arm rest, this product finding utility in the manufacture of automobiles.
EXANPLE 1:
An example of the manufacture of wood f~bers wlll be flrst explainsd.
Chips comprising small pieces of wood obtained by chipping wooden mater~als are digested and disintegrated at 160C to 180C. The wetted wood fibers thus obtained are dried with hot air.
Next, the dried wood fibers are put into a blender and stlrred while they are ~imultaneously sprayed with 1 to 5% of paraffln as a water-repellent agent, 2 to 10% ~by dry weight) of phenol resin-aqueous solution (resin content, for example, 50~) as a binder, and a mold lubricant or the like.
During the stirring and spraying process, the fibers are well blended while .~
the water content in the wood fibers is appropriately regulated to obtain binder-`containing wood fibers.
The wood fibers to which the binder has been added are directly introduced into a shaping mold, without being formed into a mat. This step is carried out as follows.
The above-mentioned wood fibers M3 to which the binder has been added are put in a feeding container 21 of filling apparatus 20, as shown in Fig. 6. The filling apparatus 20 is composed of the feeding container 21 and a pressure container 22. The two 3~ containers are linked with each other via the opening 23 located at the bottom part of the feeding container 21 and the aligned opening 23' at the upper part of the pressure container 22. The aligned openings 23 and 23' are blocked by the masking plate 24 which can be opened and shut by the action of cylinder 26. The masking plate 24 is reciprocated by the action of cylinder 26 so that a hole in the masking plate can be brought into and out of alignment with the openings 23 and 23'. When the masking plate 24 is opened, i.e., its hole is brought into alignment with holes 23 and 23', the wood fibers M3 to which the binder and the like have been added fall down to the pressure container 22 through the openings 23 and 23'. A pair of rotatable brush wheels are provided in the lower part of the feeding container 21 where the wood fibers M3 have been kept. These brushes when rotated cause the top of the brushes to engage with each other which tend to untangle any entangled fibers of the wood fibers M3 that are contacted.
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The pressure container 22 is provided with a weighinq plate 27 below the opening 23', and the wood fibers M3 which fall through this opening pile up on this weighing plate 27. The weight of the wood fibers M3 on the weighing plate 27 is measured by a load cell (not shown~ connected to the weighing plate 27, and when the weight has reached a predetermined value, the brush wheels are stopped and the masking plate 24 is shut, thereby terminating the feeding of the wood fibers M3 into the pressure container 22.
With reference to Fig. 1, the mold 30 comprises an upper mold 31 and lower mold 32. The mold faces are inclined at an angle such that the angle for compression of the portion to be deep-drawn is not too large. The lower mold 32 comprises several parts including the fixed lower mold part 32a, positioned in the center of the mold for the portion of the fibrous material,tolbe deep-drawn, and the movable lower mold parts 32b which are supported by the springs 48 and are adjacent to the fixed part 32a. The mold parts 32b are designed to compress the fibrous material surrounding the portion of the fibrous material to be deep-drawn. In the state where the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 are open, the movable mold parts 32b positioned adjacent to the deep-drawing part of the lower mold 32 are elevated by the springs 48 to a height higher than the fixed lower mold part 32a, but the stopper plates 46 connected at the bottom of the lower mold parts 32b act to limit the upward movement of these parts by contact with the top of stoppers 47.
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The upper mold 31 has a deep-drawing part in concave form.
When opened, the shaping mold 30 forms a defined cavity, where the distance across the mold at the deep-drawing part is wider than the other parts of the mold. The periphery of the mold 30 is surrounded by side plates 33 and 34 so that the wood fibers M
once fed into the mold do not escape out of the mold 30. The side plates 33 and 34, which face each other, are movable along the side surfaces of the mold 30. One side plate 33 has a feeding port 35 (see also Fig. 4) opening to a position corresponding to the opening in the side of the opened mold 30, and the other side plate 34 has a net 36 to hold the wood fibers M3 within the opened mold 30.
The discharge opening 28 provided in the pressure container 22 (Fig. 6) is designed to be aligned with the feeding port 35 of the side plate 33 of mold 3Q tFig. 1). As air is introduced into the pres-sure container 22 from the opening opposite to opening 28, the wood fibers M3 accumulated on the weighing plate 27 in the pressure container 22 are transported into the mold 30 by the air. In this procedure, the air passes through the net 36 of the outer plate 34, while the wood fibers M3 are contained by the net 36 and thus fill the cavity of mold 30.
During this introduction of the fibers under pressure, negative or a vacuum is also applied at the downstream side of the net 36. The wood fibers M3 introduced into the mold 30 under such pressure and vacuum collect from the mold side of the net 36 inwardly without entangling the fibers. In this step, air .... .
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contained in the wood fibers M3 are degassed by vacuum via the air-removal holes 42 provided in the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32, and the vacuum ducts 43, to aid in uniformly filling the mold with the wood fibers M3. In the air-removal procedure, the vacuum in the air-removal holes in the side of the lower flow (in upper mold 32) may be varied relative to that of the holes in the side of the upper flow (in upper mold 31) as the filling of the wood fibers M3 in the mold 30 progresses. The quantity of wood fibers M3 admitted into the mold 30 may be determined on the basis of their weight, as mentioned above, or, alternatively, it may be determined on the basis of the pressure imparted during the introduction of the fibers into the mold while the density o the fibers as they fill the mold is appropriately regulated or monitored.
The wood fibers M3 to which the binder and other additiv,e~s have been added are now ready to be compression molded. First, the side plate 33 arranged on the side surface of mold 30 is moved to cover the mold opening with the use of the rack 37 and pinion 39 gearing. The rack 37 is provided below the side plate 33, whi:Le the pinion 39 is rotated by the motor 38 fixed t the bracket 40, so that the opening in mold 30 is covered by the part of the side plate 33 (Fig. 4) adjacent to the feeding port 35 thereof, as shown in Fig. 2. In the same manner, the side plate 34 containing net 36 is also moved by a side-plate sliding means (not shown), so that this opening in mold 30 is covered by the part of the side plate 34 adjacent to the net 36, as also shown in Fig. 2. Thus, the position of these side ~ -19-plates 33 and 34 are fixed with respect to the position of the lower mold 32.
Next, the wood fibers M3 are molded into the desired shape under compression created between the upper mold 31 and the lowe~
mold 32, which have been heated to a temperature in the range of 150C to 220C by the hot plates 41, by downward movement of upper mold 31 as shown in Fig. 2. The molding surfaces of the parts 32b of the lower mold 32 around the deep-drawing part 45 are elevated due to the springs 48, and thus, the wood fibers M3 are sandwiched between the descending upper mold 31 and the lower mold parts 32b, and pressed together. ~he lower mold parts 32b are supported by the springs 48 and, thus, the force exerted by the springs 48 is imparted as pressure to the wood fibers M3.
However, the height of the springs 48 is reduced under pressure created by upper mold 31, and the lower mold parts 32b descend as the upper mold 31 descends further. The descent of the lower mold parts 32b stops when the stopper plates 46 provided below these mold parts reach the hot plate 41 at the bottom of the mold. In this state, the wood fibers M3 are closed or compacted in the area around the deep-drawing part 45, but because a high level of pressure has not yet been imparted, the fibers are not yet formed into a molded product. Any excess of wood fibers resulting from this step flow into the deep-drawing part of the mold so that it is completely filled.
The upper mold 31 is now lowered further so that the wood fibers M3 across the entire mold 30 are molded into the desired shape by the pressure created by the the upper mold 31 and the ,~ ' ~19~
lower mold 32 and the applied heat, as shown in Fig. 3. During this step, any gas generated is removed under vacuum by the gas-removal holes 42 via the vacuum ducts 43 and the valve 44 at the position approximately 10 mm before the bottom dead point of the upper mold 31. The molding parameters can include, for example, a molding pressure of 20 to 80 kg/cm2 and a molding time of 20 seconds to 5 minutes.
In this process as just described, the peripheral part of the mold 30 adjacent to the deep-drawîng part 45 is first partially closed to initially compress the wood fibers in the non-deep-drawn region, thereby preventing further movement of these fibers. Afterwards, the entire mass of fibers is compression molded under heat into the desired shape. This deep-drawn molding process operates in a stable ~anner without the formation of thin regions in the final product or the susceptibility of the product to breakage or fracture during manufacture. ~n addition, that part of the product other than the deep-drawn portion is shaped in the initial compressing stage of the molding process, and, therefore, the manufacturing yield is improved by eliminating the waste encountered in the use of the mats.
When the mold is opened, vacuum applied through the gas-removal holes 42 in the upper mold 31 holds the molded wooden product M4 against the upper mold 31 and it is thus lifted up therewith. After the valve 44 is closed and vacuum is released, the molded wooden product M4 is removed. The product has the shape of a door trim substrate in which the deep-drawn part 45 is an arm rest, as shown in Fig. 10. This product is free from defects and has a`thickness of 2.5 mm and a bending strength of 200 to 350 kg/cm2 or higher.
Since the molding is carried out with the interior mold surfaces being inclined, in the present example, the compression angle and the drawing angle in the deep-drawn portion are small.
Therefore, molding can be achieved without the deep-drawn portior being broken, and further, the final product can easily be removed from the mold.
EXAMPLE 2:
In this second example of the invention, the wood chips are digested, disintegrated and dried to obtain wood fibers, in the same manner as in Example 1. The wood fibers are preferably blended with the same binder, water-repellant agent, mold lubricant and the like as in Example 1. The wood fibers to which the binder and other additives have been added are put into the compression mold 50 shown in Fig. 5 by use of the same techniques used in describing Example 1.
The mold 50 comprises an upper mold 51 and a lower mold 52.
The upper mold 51 is divided into a separately movable upper mold part 51a for use in deep-drawing and the adjacent or surrounding upper mold parts 51b. With the wood fibers inside the mold 50, the side plates 33 and 34 are closed to enclose the mold 50 as described in Example 1. Next, the deep-drawing upper mold part 51a is lowered by the action of the rod 49 so that the wood fibers M3 of the portion to be deep-drawn 45 are firmly pressed together in this closing step. Afterwards, the upper mold parts . . ... __.. . .... . .. .... ~ . ..
. . .
., . , . .. ~ .
- , .. .
~?~9~
51b are lowered~ and all of the fibers M3 in the mold 50 are molded into the desired shape under hot compression molding by the upper mold 51 and the lower mold 52. The wood fibers in the deep-drawn part 45 have been pressed together during the closing step and correspond to a pre-shaped mass. Therefore, this portion of the final product is stably deep-drawn without being broken or made made unduly thin. The molding parameters may be the same as used in Example 1. The final product obtained has equally superior strength as that obtained in Example 1. In the ;~ process of the present example, additional steps such as pre-compression are unnecessary, and the same or an improved result can be attained as if these steps had been taken.
One embodiment of the mass-forming apparatus for the preparation of the fibrous mass W is shown in Fig. 7. The mass-forming apparatus 60 is principally comprised of a spraying container 61 which has an angled roof-like form made of iron plate or the like and a laminating container 62 for laminating c.~ the fibrous mixture M comprising wood fibers, binder and other additives. Container 62 is positioned below container 61. The spraying container 61 has an opening 63 in the top thereof, and a nozzle 64 is provided above opening 63 for spraying the fibrous mixture M fed through a pressure duct (not shown) to the nozzle.
Air containers 65 are provided on both sides of opening 63, with each having an orifice in the inside thereof (not shown) for directing a jet of air against the spray. These jets are used for regulating the direction in which the mixture is sprayed.
Each of these containers 65 is constructed to receive air fed through air-feeding ducts 66 as switched by switch valve 67.
~ `
A vacuum duct 68 for applying vacuum to the interior of the laminating container 62 is connected to the bottom side of laminating container 62. A form-imparting part 69, which, for example, comprises a metal net, punched metal or the like and which functions to form the bottom surface of the mass into a predetermined shape, is provided above the vacuum duct 68. The laminating container 62 has height sensors 70 on the side wall above the form-imparting part 69 for detecting the levels and thus the amount of the mixture M and to form the upper surface of the mass W into a desired shape.
The operation of the mass-forming apparatus 60 is as follows. The switch valve 67 is opened to feed air into one or both of the air containers 65 through the air-feeding ducts 66, and provide air-flow from the spraying container 61 to the laminating container 62. Thereafter, mixture M is released from the nozzle 64 and passes through the opening 63 The released mixture M descends from the opening 63 of the spraying container 61 along with the air, in a floating manner, into the laminating container 62 to form a predetermined accumulation on the form-imparting part 69. In this step, the air jets provided by container 65 are appropriately regulated by switching the switching valve 67, or by shutting both the valve and the orifices, so that the direction of the falling mixture M is controlled and the fibers fall on predetermined positions of the form-imparting part 69 where they quickly accumulate to the desired thickness~ In this procedure, air in the mixture is drawn from the bottom of the laminating container 62 by the vacuum duct 68, and the lamination of the mixture M is accelerated.
As the lamination of the mixture M proceeds, certain of the height sensors 70 provided on the side wall of the container 62 detect that levels of the mixture M have reached predetermined heights. The switch valve 67 is appropriately controlled so that the direction of the fall of the fibrous mixture is changed.
Eventually, all the sensors 70 will detect that the desired levels of the m;xture M have been attained. At this stage, the feeding of the mixture M is stopped and, at the same time, the feeding of the air from the air-feeding duct 66 is also stopped.
The mass of material W having a predetermined shape is thus obtained. The mass W, constituted as a lamination of fibers, has an extremely low density, and, generally, its thickness is selected to be 20 to 120 times that of the final molded product.
In order to transport the fibrous mass W to the mold, the above-described laminating container 62 is released from the spraying container 61, and is aligned with a holder 71, for example, as shown in Fig. 8. The holder 71 has a configuration capable of receiving the laminating container 62, and is provided on the inside with a form-imparting part 72 comprising a metal net or the like and shaped to correspond to the thickened part WI
of the material mass W. The top of holder 71 above part 72 is connected with a vacuum tube 73. When a vacuum is applied to the vacuum duct 73, the fibrous mass W is elevated by virtue of having a light specific gravity, and closely adheres to the form-imparting part 72 in the holder 71, and with the vacuum .~ ` ~ ?,~
maintained, the holder is also lifted up with the fibrous mass and can now be moved by a conveying means (not shown), in the direction shown in Fig. 9, to a predetermined position within a mold, e.g., mold 30 or mold 50 of the present invention, where the mass is dropped into the inside of the mold, in contrast to the feeding means used in the mold of Fig. 1, and thereafter the vacuum is released and the mass W is set in the mold.
Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention in its broader aspects is, therefore, not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of the applicant's general inventive concept, provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (12)
1. A method of manufacturing a molded wooden product comprised of wood fibers and having a deep-drawn portion, comprising:
a first step of introducing wood fibers into a compression mold;
a second step of initially compressing the wood fibers other than wood used to form the deep-drawn portion to an extent that the compressed fibers are prevented from further movement; and a third step of compression molding under heat both said wood fibers which were initially compressed under said second step and the wood fibers used to form the deep-drawn portion to produce the molded wooden product.
a first step of introducing wood fibers into a compression mold;
a second step of initially compressing the wood fibers other than wood used to form the deep-drawn portion to an extent that the compressed fibers are prevented from further movement; and a third step of compression molding under heat both said wood fibers which were initially compressed under said second step and the wood fibers used to form the deep-drawn portion to produce the molded wooden product.
2. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first step comprises a first substep of adding a binder to the wood fibers to bind the wood fibers together during the compression molding of the third step, said first substep occurring prior to the introduction of the wood fibers into the mold.
3. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first step comprises placing wood fibers directly into the interior of the mold so that the wood fibers accumulate within the mold.
4. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first step comprises a second substep of forming the wood fibers into an unmatted fibrous mass prior to introduction of said wood fibers into the mold.
5. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mold comprises upper and lower molds, one of said upper and lower molds being formed into relatively movable plural parts corresponding to the deep-drawn portion of the molded wooden product and the remaining portions of said molded wood product, respectively, and the second step comprises moving at least one of said movable parts of said one mold toward the other of said upper and lower molds to initially compress the wood fibers other than those wood fibers used to form the deep-drawn portion.
6. The manufacturing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third step comprises:
a first substep of heating the mold to a temperature in the range of 150°C to 220°C; and a second substep of continuing performance of said third step of compression molding for a time period between 20 seconds and 5 minutes.
a first substep of heating the mold to a temperature in the range of 150°C to 220°C; and a second substep of continuing performance of said third step of compression molding for a time period between 20 seconds and 5 minutes.
7. A method of manufacturing a molded wooden product comprising wood fibers and having a deep-drawn portion, comprising:
a first step introducing the wood fibers into a compression mold;
a second step of initially compressing the wood fibers used to form the deep-drawn portion to an extent that the compressed fibers are prevented from further movement; and a third step of compression molding under heat both said wood fibers which were initially compressed under said second step and wood fibers other than the wood fibers used to form the deep-drawn portion to produce the molded wooden product.
a first step introducing the wood fibers into a compression mold;
a second step of initially compressing the wood fibers used to form the deep-drawn portion to an extent that the compressed fibers are prevented from further movement; and a third step of compression molding under heat both said wood fibers which were initially compressed under said second step and wood fibers other than the wood fibers used to form the deep-drawn portion to produce the molded wooden product.
8. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first step comprises a first substep of adding a binder to the wood fibers to bind the wood fibers together during the compression molding of the third step, said first substep occurring prior to the introduction of the wood fibers into the mold.
9. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first step comprises placing wood fibers directly into the interior of the mold so that the wood fibers accumulates within the mold.
10. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said first step comprises a second substep of forming the wood fibers into an unmatted fibrous mass prior to introduction of the wood fibers into the mold.
11. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mold comprises upper and lower molds, one of said upper and lower molds being formed into relatively movable plural parts corresponding to the deep-drawn portion of the molded wooden product and the remaining portions of said molded wood product, respectively, and the second step comprises moving at least one of said movable parts of said one mold toward the other of said upper and lower molds to initially compress the wood fibers used to form the deep-drawn portion.
12. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the third step comprises:
a first substep of heating the mold to a temperature in the range of 150°C to 220°C; and a second substep of continuing performance of said third step of compression molding for a time period between 20 seconds and 5 minutes.
a first substep of heating the mold to a temperature in the range of 150°C to 220°C; and a second substep of continuing performance of said third step of compression molding for a time period between 20 seconds and 5 minutes.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60-276612 | 1985-12-09 | ||
| JP27661285A JPS62135307A (en) | 1985-12-09 | 1985-12-09 | Manufacture of wooden series molded body |
| JP27819485A JPS62138203A (en) | 1985-12-11 | 1985-12-11 | Manufacture of wooden series molded body |
| JP60-278194 | 1985-12-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1291614C true CA1291614C (en) | 1991-11-05 |
Family
ID=26552022
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000524650A Expired - Lifetime CA1291614C (en) | 1985-12-09 | 1986-12-05 | Method for the manufacture of molded wooden products |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0225628B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU579268B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1291614C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3686244T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3901572A1 (en) * | 1989-01-20 | 1990-08-02 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRESSED PROFILE BODIES |
| RU2257998C2 (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2005-08-10 | Мэйсонайт Корпорейшн | Reverse molding panel |
| US7021015B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2006-04-04 | Masonite Corporation | Reverse molded plant-on panel component, method of manufacture, and method of decorating a door therewith |
| US7426806B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2008-09-23 | Masonite Corporation | Reverse molded panel, method of manufacture, and door manufactured therefrom |
| US6584743B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2003-07-01 | Masonite Corporation | Decorative skirting (base) board or crown molding |
| CN104890097B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2017-01-11 | 浙江农林大学 | Wood-bamboo curved plate common mold having multi-plunger oil cylinder and pressing method |
| CN108312574A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-24 | 上海东杰高分子材料有限公司 | A kind of production technology and device of nonwoven 3D moldings composite fibre |
| CN112776118B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2024-02-09 | 成都正西液压设备制造有限公司 | Semi-automatic hydraulic press for bamboo fiber synthesized sleeper |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1092183B (en) * | 1955-10-05 | 1960-11-03 | G Gassareck Fa | Method and device for pressing pyramidal or truncated cone-shaped hollow bodies closed on one side from a dry, powdery or small-grained molding compound, e.g. If necessary, short wood chips or the like mixed with a binder. |
| GB1393534A (en) * | 1971-07-07 | 1975-05-07 | Gkn Sankey Ltd | Compression moulding |
| DE2817699A1 (en) * | 1978-04-22 | 1979-10-31 | Hoechst Ag | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING STRONG PROFILED MOLDED PARTS |
| GB2024085B (en) * | 1978-06-29 | 1982-10-27 | Kiss Consulting Eng | Process and apparatus for fabricating preformed objects ofcellulose matted nonwoven fabrics |
| JPS55164142A (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1980-12-20 | Eidai Co Ltd | Production of colored particle board |
| DE2945843C2 (en) * | 1979-11-09 | 1986-03-06 | Lignotock Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh, 1000 Berlin | Vertical press for the production of molded or preformed parts from chip, fiber, powder or granular wood particles provided with binders or from prefabricated nonwovens of this material group by pressing |
| AT377228B (en) * | 1980-07-24 | 1985-02-25 | Lignotock Verfahrenstech | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING MOLDED PARTS FROM LEVEL FLOORED MESH FIBER MATS, PREFERABLY FROM CELLULOSE OR LIGNOCELLULOSE FIBERS PROVIDED WITH BINDERS |
| DE3045702A1 (en) * | 1980-12-04 | 1982-07-08 | Valentin 6503 Mainz-Kastel Schollmayer | Moulding hollow wood chipboard receptacles - in mould with central spring-loaded retractable plunger in mould cavity base to provide uniform chip distribution |
| DE3419824A1 (en) * | 1984-05-26 | 1985-11-28 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | METHOD AND MOLDING TOOL FOR PRODUCING MOLDED PARTS WITH GRILL, GRID OR RUST-LIKE AREAS, LIKE VEHICLE SOFT FACES, SPOILERS, BUMPER, FROM A FLOWABLE DIMENSION |
-
1986
- 1986-12-05 CA CA000524650A patent/CA1291614C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-08 DE DE19863686244 patent/DE3686244T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-12-08 AU AU66160/86A patent/AU579268B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-12-08 EP EP19860117067 patent/EP0225628B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0225628A2 (en) | 1987-06-16 |
| AU6616086A (en) | 1987-06-11 |
| AU579268B2 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
| DE3686244D1 (en) | 1992-09-03 |
| EP0225628A3 (en) | 1989-03-01 |
| EP0225628B1 (en) | 1992-07-29 |
| DE3686244T2 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |