CA1287795C - Composition for rodent control - Google Patents
Composition for rodent controlInfo
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- CA1287795C CA1287795C CA 524720 CA524720A CA1287795C CA 1287795 C CA1287795 C CA 1287795C CA 524720 CA524720 CA 524720 CA 524720 A CA524720 A CA 524720A CA 1287795 C CA1287795 C CA 1287795C
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- polyoxyalkylated
- methyl
- formula
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A composition and a method of using the same wherein said composition comprises a rodenticide and an additive selected from the group consisting of 1. polyoxyalkylated alkyl phenols;
2. sorbitan fatty acids and polyoxyalkylated derivatives thereof;
3. polyoxyalkylated fatty amines;
4. polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohols, diols or polyols;
5. polyoxyalkylated branched or linear mercaptans;
6. polyoxyalkylated esters; and 7. polyoxyalkylated amines.
The composition may optionally include an organic solvent and/or a dye. The rodenticide may be selected from a wide host of compounds, including brodifacoum, bromadiolone, diphacinone, chlorodiphacinone, mono-fluoroacetatic acid, bromethalin, calciferol, floco-umafen, and salts of such compounds.
A composition and a method of using the same wherein said composition comprises a rodenticide and an additive selected from the group consisting of 1. polyoxyalkylated alkyl phenols;
2. sorbitan fatty acids and polyoxyalkylated derivatives thereof;
3. polyoxyalkylated fatty amines;
4. polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohols, diols or polyols;
5. polyoxyalkylated branched or linear mercaptans;
6. polyoxyalkylated esters; and 7. polyoxyalkylated amines.
The composition may optionally include an organic solvent and/or a dye. The rodenticide may be selected from a wide host of compounds, including brodifacoum, bromadiolone, diphacinone, chlorodiphacinone, mono-fluoroacetatic acid, bromethalin, calciferol, floco-umafen, and salts of such compounds.
Description
ICI-2~m 1606-2l~
_OMPOSITION FO _ ODENT CONTKOL
Background of the Inventi_n Toxicants applied ~o the exterior of ro-dents, referred eO as contac~ toxicants, are of par -ticular importance in thosP ~i~uations where conven-tional rod~nt devices, such as baits 9 are either dif-ficult to apply or are poorly accepted.
Although contact ~oxicant~ can be directly applied (e.g. by sprayin~) to pest animals, ~he logis-tics of this approach make passive systems preferable.
Passive contact toxicant ~ystems are those wherein the pest animal encounters the toxicant during ~he course of it'~ normal movement or behavior. Most passi~e contact toxicant systems involve ~racking powders w~ich are ingeste~ ~hrough subsequent grooming activi-ty of the animal after exposure and body contamina-~ion. Such formulations, unfortunately 9 are unable to withstand changes in climatic conditions and therefore contaminate the environment.
Passive contact toxicant~ are further em-ployed in control d~vices. An example of such a de-vic~ is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,281,471. In this reference, an apparatus characterized by an elon-gated tube with an interior cross-~ection ls dis-closed. Within this interior cross-section is located at least one cartridge onto which is loaded an absor-bent mater~al commonly referred to as the "wick."
- 30 The absorbent material is satura~ed with ~ toxic solu-tion. Rodents passing through the elongated tube come ~nto contact with the to~icant formul~tion.
.. ~ .
87 ~ ~S
~- During grooming, the rodent ingests the adh~d _ ~ toxicant and subsequently dies, usually outside the `` area of contact. This apparatus offers maximum contact between the rodent ~nd pesticide, while substantially reducing chances of contamina~ion to non-target species.
Morris et al, "Design and Evaluation Crite-ria for Development of Toxic Wicks for Rodent Con-trol", Special Technical Publication 817, pp. 165-182, 1984, discusses the feasibili~y of using similar de-vices in the control of rodents. In this publication, the toxicant composition applied to the wick is a 0.25Z solution of brodifacoum in a propylene glycol solution containing polyethylene glycol of an approxi-mate molecular weight of 200. Unfortuna~ely, rodentsoften find such toxicant compositions attractive for nesting purposes and thus they readily remove them from the cartridges. Further, this toxic formulation readily absorbs water. Thus, the probability of the formulation leaking off the wick into the interior cross-section of the tu~e and, thus 9 into the environ-ment is high. As a result, this composition may contaminate non-target species and the environment.
Further, it is unsuitable for use in mass marketing due to it's susceptibility to physical changes in the ~ atmosphere.
Summary of the Invention It is an object of this invention *o provide a liquid composition for use in rodent control which:
~7~ ~S
1. contains a lethal dose of r~denticide, 2. is palatable Si.e., non-offensive) to ~~ the rodent, but not an attractant such that the -rodent removes the wick;
_OMPOSITION FO _ ODENT CONTKOL
Background of the Inventi_n Toxicants applied ~o the exterior of ro-dents, referred eO as contac~ toxicants, are of par -ticular importance in thosP ~i~uations where conven-tional rod~nt devices, such as baits 9 are either dif-ficult to apply or are poorly accepted.
Although contact ~oxicant~ can be directly applied (e.g. by sprayin~) to pest animals, ~he logis-tics of this approach make passive systems preferable.
Passive contact toxicant ~ystems are those wherein the pest animal encounters the toxicant during ~he course of it'~ normal movement or behavior. Most passi~e contact toxicant systems involve ~racking powders w~ich are ingeste~ ~hrough subsequent grooming activi-ty of the animal after exposure and body contamina-~ion. Such formulations, unfortunately 9 are unable to withstand changes in climatic conditions and therefore contaminate the environment.
Passive contact toxicant~ are further em-ployed in control d~vices. An example of such a de-vic~ is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,281,471. In this reference, an apparatus characterized by an elon-gated tube with an interior cross-~ection ls dis-closed. Within this interior cross-section is located at least one cartridge onto which is loaded an absor-bent mater~al commonly referred to as the "wick."
- 30 The absorbent material is satura~ed with ~ toxic solu-tion. Rodents passing through the elongated tube come ~nto contact with the to~icant formul~tion.
.. ~ .
87 ~ ~S
~- During grooming, the rodent ingests the adh~d _ ~ toxicant and subsequently dies, usually outside the `` area of contact. This apparatus offers maximum contact between the rodent ~nd pesticide, while substantially reducing chances of contamina~ion to non-target species.
Morris et al, "Design and Evaluation Crite-ria for Development of Toxic Wicks for Rodent Con-trol", Special Technical Publication 817, pp. 165-182, 1984, discusses the feasibili~y of using similar de-vices in the control of rodents. In this publication, the toxicant composition applied to the wick is a 0.25Z solution of brodifacoum in a propylene glycol solution containing polyethylene glycol of an approxi-mate molecular weight of 200. Unfortuna~ely, rodentsoften find such toxicant compositions attractive for nesting purposes and thus they readily remove them from the cartridges. Further, this toxic formulation readily absorbs water. Thus, the probability of the formulation leaking off the wick into the interior cross-section of the tu~e and, thus 9 into the environ-ment is high. As a result, this composition may contaminate non-target species and the environment.
Further, it is unsuitable for use in mass marketing due to it's susceptibility to physical changes in the ~ atmosphere.
Summary of the Invention It is an object of this invention *o provide a liquid composition for use in rodent control which:
~7~ ~S
1. contains a lethal dose of r~denticide, 2. is palatable Si.e., non-offensive) to ~~ the rodent, but not an attractant such that the -rodent removes the wick;
3. is stable ~i.e., non-volatile) at high temperatures; and 4. is non-hygroscopic.
It is further an object of this inven~ion to provide a composition for use in rodent control tubular devices, w~ich in sddition to the above-identified properties, is also ~ . of sufficient viscosity that it adheres to the wick and wicks off onto the rodent without leaking into thP tube and/or environment; and 6. is compatible with the plastic material of ~he elongated tube and/or cartridge.
It is further an objec~ of ~his invention to provide a rodenticidal composition which is child-proof, i.e., not resulting in death upon ingestion.
Detailed Description of the Invention The composition of this invention, parti cularly useful for the control of rats and mice, has a low vapor pressure. As a result, evaporation of the - rodenticide at high temperatures is avoided. In ~ . ~ddition~ the composition does not absorb large quantities of water, especially at low temperatures.
Further, fiince the targeted rodent must ingest, for efficacy purposes, the rodenticidal formulation, the composition preferably should not contain an emetic.
The composition of this invention may be characterized by the following properties:
s Vapor Pressure, mm Hg at 25C, 0.-001-20, preferably less than 2.
`` Viscosity, Brookfield LVT, cps, at 25C:
It is further an object of this inven~ion to provide a composition for use in rodent control tubular devices, w~ich in sddition to the above-identified properties, is also ~ . of sufficient viscosity that it adheres to the wick and wicks off onto the rodent without leaking into thP tube and/or environment; and 6. is compatible with the plastic material of ~he elongated tube and/or cartridge.
It is further an objec~ of ~his invention to provide a rodenticidal composition which is child-proof, i.e., not resulting in death upon ingestion.
Detailed Description of the Invention The composition of this invention, parti cularly useful for the control of rats and mice, has a low vapor pressure. As a result, evaporation of the - rodenticide at high temperatures is avoided. In ~ . ~ddition~ the composition does not absorb large quantities of water, especially at low temperatures.
Further, fiince the targeted rodent must ingest, for efficacy purposes, the rodenticidal formulation, the composition preferably should not contain an emetic.
The composition of this invention may be characterized by the following properties:
s Vapor Pressure, mm Hg at 25C, 0.-001-20, preferably less than 2.
`` Viscosity, Brookfield LVT, cps, at 25C:
5-800 cps, preferably below 300, most preferably below 250.
Flash Point, Seta-Flash: greater than 100F.
At room temperature, the composition of this invention is a homogeneous liquid and comprises a rodenticidally effective amount of at least one rodenticide and a~ least one additive.
The rodenticides of this ;nven~ion are selected from the group consisting of:
1. 4-~ydroxycoumarin derivatives such as:
A. Compounds of the formuia R~
wherein Rl and R2 are independently selected from ~he group consisting of hydrogen or halogen atoms (preferably chlorine or bromine) and alkyl or alkoxy groups (preferably having from 1 to 6 car~on a~oms), R is an aryl group having the formula 3 0 ~ 3n ~.~8~5 -s-.where n is 1 or 2, and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halo~en atoms, a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy group, preferably containing at least 2, more preferably from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl, preferably cyclohexyl group, a benzyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, phenoxy and halogenophenoxy group. The halogen atom or atoms are preferably chlorine or bromine. When n is 1, R4 is preferably in the para position and when n is 2, one of the R~
groups is preferably in the para position. Preferably R3 contains at leas~ l (but not more than 3) and optîmally not more than 2 halogen atoms. These compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,957,824 15 and 4,035,505.
Especially preferred are the compounds of - the structural formulae ~ .
OH
~ , ~
w~erein X is hydrogen and bromine, com~only referred to as difenacoum and brodifacoum, respectiveiy;
.
9L~877~i B. Compounds of the foI~ula pH H
R ---L ~ ~ CH-CH -C-R
wherein R is hydrogen, phenyl, halophenyl, dihalo-phenyl ! nitrophenyl, methoxyphenyl, tolyl 3 methylene dioxyphenyl or furyl, Rl is methyl, phenyl, halophenyl, nitro-phenyl, diphenyl, halodiphenyl, nitrodiphenyl and naphthyl radicals, and R2 is hydrogen or a halogen.
Such compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent No, 3,7649693. ~specially preferred axe the compounds wherein R is -H or 6 5 1 C6HS or -C6H4-C6H4X wherein X is Br or Cl; and R2 is H. Especially preferred ;s the compound wherein R2 is hydrogen, R is -C6H5 and Rl is ~ r.
This compound is co~monly referred to as Bromadiolone.
C. Compounds of the ormula ~ <
~ 4 ., :3L2~7~5 .. in which ~ reprcsents a halogen atom, pre~e~ably a chlorine atom, and n is 0, 1 or 2 and R4 represents either (1) a grouping which compri~es a phenylene -~ radical attached directly or indirectly to the tetra-lin ring and having in the para position twith respect to such a~achment~ sn ~lec~ron-withdrawing atom or group whose rotational volume substan~ially does not exceed that of a phenyl group and which forms toge~her with said phenylene radical a polarisable structure, or (2) a grouping selected from:
~ or ~N or 15 \=/.
~O--~N
or (3) a grouping which comprises a phenylene radical attached directly to the ~etralin ring and having in - the para position (with respect to such attachment) a substituted furanyl or thiophenyl radical attached thereto directly or through oxygen and/or methylene, said furanyl or thiophenyl radical having sn electron-withdrawing atom or group as a ubstituent i~ R
position orming with the furanyl or thiophenyl radical a polarisable structure, said atom or group ~ 2877~
having a rotational vol~tme which su~stanti~l~y does not exceed that o a phenyl group and halogenated ~~~ derivatives thereof.
Preferred compounds are ~hose in which R4 represents a grouping (1) above, which includes a phenylene radical. When such phenylene radical is attached directly, or through another phenylene radical only, or ~hrough an oxygen atom and ano~her phenylene radical to the tetralin ring the electron-withdrawing atom or group hould not be a halogenatom. Preferably, the just-stated preferred compounds are compounds in which the R4 6ubstituent in the tetralin ring contains ~wo-linked phenylene radicals 9 the outer one being attached to the para position of the inner one (itself attached in the para dash position to the tetralin ring) by a linear or essen-tially linear radical selected from: -O-(C712)m-;
-(CH2)m-O-; -O-(CH2~-O-; -~CH2)m-O-(CH2~p-; -(CH?)m-;
and the sulphur analogues thereof, in which m is 1 to 6 and p is 1 to 6. When said linking radical is -(CH2~m-, it is noted that such a radical represents the specific ~election of a chain of from 1 to 6, preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 3, methylene radicals.
Most preferred are the compounds wherein R4 ~ is one of the following:
(a) ~ ~ ~ 7~
wherein X is as defined below preferably CN or CF3, ~ ~ and n is 0, 1 or 2, provided that when n is ~ or 2, Y
`3'~ iS fluorine or chlorine in a position adjacent to X
~b3 wherein X is as defined below, preferabI~ CN or CF3 and Y is fluorine or chlorine, and n is either 0, 1 or 2 provided ehat when n is 1 or 2, Y is in a position adjacent to X and X can also be a halogen atom (c) ~N or ~GN or J
(d) ~ x~ ~ ~ x~
_ ~:t or ~CH2l~LX
~ ~ x ~s~ss _- . wherein X is as defined below, nr ls a hal~en atom, ~ ~ preferably a bromine atom . _ ~e) ~ ~.c~ ~ x' wherein X is as defined below and n=0, or i5 a halogen atom and Y is a halogen atom and n is 1 or 2.
(f) ~X~
{~ICH ~
~30--~CH ~ ~A;-~ I~ CH~)~ ~ X~r {~ICU~ X' wherein X is as defined below and n=0, or is a halogen - atom. Y is a halogen atom and n is 1 or 2, and m is 1 ~. to 6 and p is 1 to 6, together with the sulphur analogues of the above structures in which an S atom replaces one or both O atoms.
In such compounds X is selected fr-om the group consisting of CN; NO~; So2R5; CF3; OCF3; COOR~ CoR7 an~
~ ~~R~.
--CH2--a C~---CSIa~3~02;
--CH~3CII).--CH ~ R~:
C~2 ~ OC~ d CH2 ~ 3 Coo~^~
in which R5, R~ and R7 signify alkyl groups especially Cl to C4 alkyl groups. Of these, the -CN and -CF3 - groups are particularly preferred. Especially pre-ferred ~re compounds wherein ~ is chlorine, n is 0, 1 or 2 and R4 represents ~ ,~.
-- in which Hal is a fluorine or chlorine atom and n is 0 or 1, X is a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom or a -CN, -CF3 or -OCF3 group and D represents -OCH2- or ~(CH2)m~ where m is 2 to 3; ~nd most especially the compound 4-hydroxy-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-[4~
~8779S
~ ~ .trifluoro~ethylbenzyloxy)phenyl]-l-naphth~l~ eoumarin -~ F_ represented by the formula .
~H~
most commonly referred to as Flocoumafen. These compounds are further discussed in U.S. Patent 4,520,007.
2. Indandione derivatives, ~uch as 1,1-diphenyl-2-acetyl-1,3-indandione, commonly referred to as ~iphac-inone and (l'-parachlorophenyl-l'-phenyl~-2-acetyl-1, 3-indandione, commonly referred to as Chlorodiphaci-none; and 3. Monofluoroacetic acid.
4. Compounds of the formula NO2 R2 ~3 ,, 02N~N~R~
CF'3 i;~S R4 ~ wherein ~~ R represents methyl, ethyl or propyl;
Rl represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, - .
bromo, iodo, cyano, methyl, nitro or trifluoromethyl;
R and R independently represent--hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, nitro, methyl or trifluoro-\
~L~87'79~
~,. . methyl, provided that no more than one of ~ ~nd R5 ~~~` represents ni~ro;
se~ R3 and R4 indepenaently represent hydrogen, -~methyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo or trifluoromethyl;
S provided that ~ a) no more than one of Rl, R2, R3~ R4 and R5 represents methyl~ except that R3 and R4 may both represent methyl;
(b) when Rl, R2, R3, R~ or R5 represents methyl or fluoro, two or three of Rl, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bromo;
. (c) no more than one of Rl 9 R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents trifluoromethyl, except that R3 and R4 may both represent trifluoromethyl;
(d) when R2 or R5 represents trifluorometh-yl, R represents chloro or bromo;
(e) when one and only one of R and R
represents trifluoromethyl, two or three of Rl, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bro~o;
(f) no more than four of Rl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent hydrogen;
(g) two fluorine atoms are not adjacent to each other;
(h) when R2 or RS represents nitro, represents chloro, bromo or nitro;
(i) hen Rl R2 R3 R4 and R5 represents ~ . trifluoromethyl, none of Rl~ R2, R3, R4 and R5 repre-sents fluoro or methyl.
These compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
4,187,318. Especially preferred is the comp~und wherein R is -CH3, R , R and R are bromine and R
; "~
,,~
t' -~4^
_ . and R~ are hydrogen, i.e. N-methyl-2,4-din~t~o-N--~ _ (2,4~6-tribromophenyl)-6-ttrifluoromethyl) benzene-~-~ amine, more commonly referred to as Bromethalin.
-5. Vi~amin D compounds, such as calciferol (ergocal-ciferol) and cholecalciferol. Such compounds are especially preferred when used in com~ination with any other rodenticide referred to herein.
Further included as compounds in this invention, are the 4-hydroxy coumarin derivatives Dicoumarol, Cou-matetraly and Coumachlor and the indanedione deriva-tive Pindone.
Further, salts of the aforementioned com-pounds may be employed. Such salts are generally formed by the reaction of the selected rodenticide with a salt-forming agent selected from the group ~onsisting of:
(i~ an alkali metal, such as sodium or pota~sium, or ~he hydroxides thereof;
(ii) ammonia or ammonium hydroxide; and tiii) a conventional amine.
Preferred as the amine are (a) alkanolamines of the fo~mula N[~CnH2n)yOH]X (H)z wherein n=l to 6, x and y are independently,l to 3, z is 0 to 2 and further wherein x+z=3.
- Especially prefesred is the alkanol-~ amine wherein n ~ 2 and y = ~; and ~b) amines of the formula ~
~=3 ~2 ~ /2 ~1 ~N -R3~ oR4)pOH
Flash Point, Seta-Flash: greater than 100F.
At room temperature, the composition of this invention is a homogeneous liquid and comprises a rodenticidally effective amount of at least one rodenticide and a~ least one additive.
The rodenticides of this ;nven~ion are selected from the group consisting of:
1. 4-~ydroxycoumarin derivatives such as:
A. Compounds of the formuia R~
wherein Rl and R2 are independently selected from ~he group consisting of hydrogen or halogen atoms (preferably chlorine or bromine) and alkyl or alkoxy groups (preferably having from 1 to 6 car~on a~oms), R is an aryl group having the formula 3 0 ~ 3n ~.~8~5 -s-.where n is 1 or 2, and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halo~en atoms, a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy group, preferably containing at least 2, more preferably from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl, preferably cyclohexyl group, a benzyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, phenoxy and halogenophenoxy group. The halogen atom or atoms are preferably chlorine or bromine. When n is 1, R4 is preferably in the para position and when n is 2, one of the R~
groups is preferably in the para position. Preferably R3 contains at leas~ l (but not more than 3) and optîmally not more than 2 halogen atoms. These compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,957,824 15 and 4,035,505.
Especially preferred are the compounds of - the structural formulae ~ .
OH
~ , ~
w~erein X is hydrogen and bromine, com~only referred to as difenacoum and brodifacoum, respectiveiy;
.
9L~877~i B. Compounds of the foI~ula pH H
R ---L ~ ~ CH-CH -C-R
wherein R is hydrogen, phenyl, halophenyl, dihalo-phenyl ! nitrophenyl, methoxyphenyl, tolyl 3 methylene dioxyphenyl or furyl, Rl is methyl, phenyl, halophenyl, nitro-phenyl, diphenyl, halodiphenyl, nitrodiphenyl and naphthyl radicals, and R2 is hydrogen or a halogen.
Such compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent No, 3,7649693. ~specially preferred axe the compounds wherein R is -H or 6 5 1 C6HS or -C6H4-C6H4X wherein X is Br or Cl; and R2 is H. Especially preferred ;s the compound wherein R2 is hydrogen, R is -C6H5 and Rl is ~ r.
This compound is co~monly referred to as Bromadiolone.
C. Compounds of the ormula ~ <
~ 4 ., :3L2~7~5 .. in which ~ reprcsents a halogen atom, pre~e~ably a chlorine atom, and n is 0, 1 or 2 and R4 represents either (1) a grouping which compri~es a phenylene -~ radical attached directly or indirectly to the tetra-lin ring and having in the para position twith respect to such a~achment~ sn ~lec~ron-withdrawing atom or group whose rotational volume substan~ially does not exceed that of a phenyl group and which forms toge~her with said phenylene radical a polarisable structure, or (2) a grouping selected from:
~ or ~N or 15 \=/.
~O--~N
or (3) a grouping which comprises a phenylene radical attached directly to the ~etralin ring and having in - the para position (with respect to such attachment) a substituted furanyl or thiophenyl radical attached thereto directly or through oxygen and/or methylene, said furanyl or thiophenyl radical having sn electron-withdrawing atom or group as a ubstituent i~ R
position orming with the furanyl or thiophenyl radical a polarisable structure, said atom or group ~ 2877~
having a rotational vol~tme which su~stanti~l~y does not exceed that o a phenyl group and halogenated ~~~ derivatives thereof.
Preferred compounds are ~hose in which R4 represents a grouping (1) above, which includes a phenylene radical. When such phenylene radical is attached directly, or through another phenylene radical only, or ~hrough an oxygen atom and ano~her phenylene radical to the tetralin ring the electron-withdrawing atom or group hould not be a halogenatom. Preferably, the just-stated preferred compounds are compounds in which the R4 6ubstituent in the tetralin ring contains ~wo-linked phenylene radicals 9 the outer one being attached to the para position of the inner one (itself attached in the para dash position to the tetralin ring) by a linear or essen-tially linear radical selected from: -O-(C712)m-;
-(CH2)m-O-; -O-(CH2~-O-; -~CH2)m-O-(CH2~p-; -(CH?)m-;
and the sulphur analogues thereof, in which m is 1 to 6 and p is 1 to 6. When said linking radical is -(CH2~m-, it is noted that such a radical represents the specific ~election of a chain of from 1 to 6, preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 3, methylene radicals.
Most preferred are the compounds wherein R4 ~ is one of the following:
(a) ~ ~ ~ 7~
wherein X is as defined below preferably CN or CF3, ~ ~ and n is 0, 1 or 2, provided that when n is ~ or 2, Y
`3'~ iS fluorine or chlorine in a position adjacent to X
~b3 wherein X is as defined below, preferabI~ CN or CF3 and Y is fluorine or chlorine, and n is either 0, 1 or 2 provided ehat when n is 1 or 2, Y is in a position adjacent to X and X can also be a halogen atom (c) ~N or ~GN or J
(d) ~ x~ ~ ~ x~
_ ~:t or ~CH2l~LX
~ ~ x ~s~ss _- . wherein X is as defined below, nr ls a hal~en atom, ~ ~ preferably a bromine atom . _ ~e) ~ ~.c~ ~ x' wherein X is as defined below and n=0, or i5 a halogen atom and Y is a halogen atom and n is 1 or 2.
(f) ~X~
{~ICH ~
~30--~CH ~ ~A;-~ I~ CH~)~ ~ X~r {~ICU~ X' wherein X is as defined below and n=0, or is a halogen - atom. Y is a halogen atom and n is 1 or 2, and m is 1 ~. to 6 and p is 1 to 6, together with the sulphur analogues of the above structures in which an S atom replaces one or both O atoms.
In such compounds X is selected fr-om the group consisting of CN; NO~; So2R5; CF3; OCF3; COOR~ CoR7 an~
~ ~~R~.
--CH2--a C~---CSIa~3~02;
--CH~3CII).--CH ~ R~:
C~2 ~ OC~ d CH2 ~ 3 Coo~^~
in which R5, R~ and R7 signify alkyl groups especially Cl to C4 alkyl groups. Of these, the -CN and -CF3 - groups are particularly preferred. Especially pre-ferred ~re compounds wherein ~ is chlorine, n is 0, 1 or 2 and R4 represents ~ ,~.
-- in which Hal is a fluorine or chlorine atom and n is 0 or 1, X is a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom or a -CN, -CF3 or -OCF3 group and D represents -OCH2- or ~(CH2)m~ where m is 2 to 3; ~nd most especially the compound 4-hydroxy-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-[4~
~8779S
~ ~ .trifluoro~ethylbenzyloxy)phenyl]-l-naphth~l~ eoumarin -~ F_ represented by the formula .
~H~
most commonly referred to as Flocoumafen. These compounds are further discussed in U.S. Patent 4,520,007.
2. Indandione derivatives, ~uch as 1,1-diphenyl-2-acetyl-1,3-indandione, commonly referred to as ~iphac-inone and (l'-parachlorophenyl-l'-phenyl~-2-acetyl-1, 3-indandione, commonly referred to as Chlorodiphaci-none; and 3. Monofluoroacetic acid.
4. Compounds of the formula NO2 R2 ~3 ,, 02N~N~R~
CF'3 i;~S R4 ~ wherein ~~ R represents methyl, ethyl or propyl;
Rl represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, - .
bromo, iodo, cyano, methyl, nitro or trifluoromethyl;
R and R independently represent--hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, nitro, methyl or trifluoro-\
~L~87'79~
~,. . methyl, provided that no more than one of ~ ~nd R5 ~~~` represents ni~ro;
se~ R3 and R4 indepenaently represent hydrogen, -~methyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo or trifluoromethyl;
S provided that ~ a) no more than one of Rl, R2, R3~ R4 and R5 represents methyl~ except that R3 and R4 may both represent methyl;
(b) when Rl, R2, R3, R~ or R5 represents methyl or fluoro, two or three of Rl, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bromo;
. (c) no more than one of Rl 9 R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents trifluoromethyl, except that R3 and R4 may both represent trifluoromethyl;
(d) when R2 or R5 represents trifluorometh-yl, R represents chloro or bromo;
(e) when one and only one of R and R
represents trifluoromethyl, two or three of Rl, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bro~o;
(f) no more than four of Rl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent hydrogen;
(g) two fluorine atoms are not adjacent to each other;
(h) when R2 or RS represents nitro, represents chloro, bromo or nitro;
(i) hen Rl R2 R3 R4 and R5 represents ~ . trifluoromethyl, none of Rl~ R2, R3, R4 and R5 repre-sents fluoro or methyl.
These compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
4,187,318. Especially preferred is the comp~und wherein R is -CH3, R , R and R are bromine and R
; "~
,,~
t' -~4^
_ . and R~ are hydrogen, i.e. N-methyl-2,4-din~t~o-N--~ _ (2,4~6-tribromophenyl)-6-ttrifluoromethyl) benzene-~-~ amine, more commonly referred to as Bromethalin.
-5. Vi~amin D compounds, such as calciferol (ergocal-ciferol) and cholecalciferol. Such compounds are especially preferred when used in com~ination with any other rodenticide referred to herein.
Further included as compounds in this invention, are the 4-hydroxy coumarin derivatives Dicoumarol, Cou-matetraly and Coumachlor and the indanedione deriva-tive Pindone.
Further, salts of the aforementioned com-pounds may be employed. Such salts are generally formed by the reaction of the selected rodenticide with a salt-forming agent selected from the group ~onsisting of:
(i~ an alkali metal, such as sodium or pota~sium, or ~he hydroxides thereof;
(ii) ammonia or ammonium hydroxide; and tiii) a conventional amine.
Preferred as the amine are (a) alkanolamines of the fo~mula N[~CnH2n)yOH]X (H)z wherein n=l to 6, x and y are independently,l to 3, z is 0 to 2 and further wherein x+z=3.
- Especially prefesred is the alkanol-~ amine wherein n ~ 2 and y = ~; and ~b) amines of the formula ~
~=3 ~2 ~ /2 ~1 ~N -R3~ oR4)pOH
7~5 ~herein Rl and R2 are independently hydro-gen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or iso-propyl;
R3 and R4 are independen~ly -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2- .
and -~HCH~-; and p is Pither 0 or 1.
The compounds useful as rodenticides in this inven~ion are more fully discussed in Kirk-Othmer9 Encyclopedia Of Chemical Technology, Vol. 18, 3rd Edition, pps. 308-318 (1982). Further, combinations of the above rodenticides may also be employed.
The total amount of rodenticide normally employed in the composition is between 0.05 and 15.0, preferably between 0.15 and 5.0, most preferably 0.25, percent of the total weight of the composition.
Of the above rodenticides, especially preferred are brodifacoum and difenacoum and their metal, a~monium and amine salts since they are ~ore effective at lower concentrations and a~ainst rodent populations resistant to such rodenticides as chloro-phacinone, diphacinone, and warfarin.
The additives of this invention modify the viscosity and other physical properties of the compo-sition such that water absorption, wick adhesion, palatibility, structural compatibility and rodenticid-al effect are optimized. ~n particular, the additives of this invention must: .
~a? absorb less than fifteen percent moisture when exposed to 55Z humidity s -at S~C in a 3 inch diameter open petri .~ ~ dish for 72 hours; ~~
b) undergo less than ive per cent weight loss when exposed to 55% humidity at 50C for 72 hours in a 3 inch diameter open petri dish; and (c) have a viscosity less than 800 centepoisP (cps) at 25DC.
Such additives may be selected from the group consist-ing of 1. polyoxyalkylated alkyl phenols;
2. sorbitan fat~y acids and polyoxy-alkylated derivatives thereof;
3. polyoxyalkylated fatty amines;
4. polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohols, diols or polyols; ~This group can also be referred to as polyoxyalk-ylated ethers.) 5. polyoxyalkylated branched or linear mercaptans;
6. polyoxyalkylated esters; and 7. polyoxyalkylated amines.
The polyoxyalkylated al~yl phenols are produced by condensing l mole of a higher alkyl phenol with between 1.0 ana 12.5.moles, preferably 6 to 11 _ moles, of alkylene oxide, pr~ferably ethylene and/or -- propylene oxide. The phenol typically contains one or more C~ to C12 alkyl group(s~. Nonyl and octyl phenols are especially preferred. Examples include the condensa~ion products of l mole of nonyl phenol and it~ isomers and 4, 5 and lO moles of ethylene oxide.
7~5 - The sorbitan fatty acid is derived fro~
-~ ~ 1 mole of sorbitan and between one and three~moles of at least one C~ to C16 ~a~urated or unsaturated fatty ~acid such as lauric, palmitic, myristic and oleic acid. Examples of suitable sorbitan fatty acids include sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, and sorbitan trioleate.
The polyoxyalkylated sorbitan fatty acid esters are derived from 1 mole of the above described sorbitan fatty acid ~nd between 1.0 and 12.5, most preferably 5, moles of alkylene oxide; preferably ethylene and/or propylene oxide. Specific examples of polyoxyalkylated sorbitan fat~y acid esters suitable as additives in thîs inven~ion include the condensation products of 20 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of either sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate or sorbitan tall oil esters.
The polyoxyalkylated fatty amines are produced by reacting 1 mole of a C~2 to C18 saturated or unsaturated fatty amine, most preferably a C15 fatty amine, with between 1 and 16 moles of alkyl~ne oxide, preferably ethylene and~or propylene oxide, most preferably ethylene oxide. Suitable fatty amines are oleyl, coco, so~a a~d lauryl amines. Examples of ~ polyoxyalkylated fatty amines include the reaction -- product of 1 mole of oleylamine and 5 mole~ of e~hylene oxide; and the reaction product of 1 mole of the ~mina~ed derivative of tall oil and 16 moles of ethylene oxide.
The polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohols, diols or polyols are derived from 1 ~ole of 8~ ~9 .a Clo to C15 saturated or unsaturated pri~ry, -~ ~ secondary or tertiary alcohol and between 1 and 15 moles o~ alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene andlor -propylene oxide. Examples of poly~xyalkylated branched linear alcohols include the reaction product of 2 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of olelyl alcohol;
8 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of 2,4,7,9-tetra-methyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol; a Cll-C15 secondary alcohol with 7 or 9 moles of ethylene oxide; 1 mole of tri-decyl alcohol and 6 moles of ethylene oxide; 1 mole oftridecyl alcohol and 8 moles of ethylene oxide; and 1 mole of 2,6,8-trimethylnonanol and 6 moles of ethylene oxide.
The polyoxyalkylated branched or linear mercaptans are the reaction products of (i) one mole of a mercaptan of the formula RSH, where R is a C7 to C30 saturated alkyl group and (ii~ between 1 and 16 moles of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene and/or propylene oxide. An example of this additive is the reaction product o 1 mole of dodecyl ~ercaptan and 8 moles of ethylene oxide.
The polyoxyalkylated esters are of the formula o "
- R-c-otcH2cH~o)xR
-- wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or acyclic C10-C22 group, Rl is -~ or -C-R; and X is between one and eighteen.
s These esters are produced by reacting onP mole of the ~r appropriate acid with between 1 and 18 moles-of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene andlor propylene .oxide. An example of such an additive is polyoxyethy-lene (10) glycol oleate.
The polyoxyalkylated amines employed in this invention are selected from the group consisting of H A
~) R-N-~CH2)3-N-A
A A
(b) R-N-(CH2)3-N-H; and A A
~c) R-N-(CH2)3-N-A
wherein R is a ~12 to ~18 saturated alkyl group;
A is independently (CH2CH2CH2O)x H or (CH2CH2~)X H wherein X is between 1 ~nd 14 and further wherein the sum of all X's in any one compound is not greater than 15.
Suitable methods for producing the above polyoxyalkylated additives are well known in the art and are discussed in many standard textbooks; such as the Surfactant Science Series, ~ol. I to VII, Martin ~; J. Schick, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., publisher, and particularly Vol. I, entitled Nonionics.
Further, combinations of the above additives may also be employed. The total amount of such additive in tlle composition is be~ween 70-90%, prefer ably 80-90%, most preferably 87Z, based on the weight of the total composition.
Further, the composition may also contain an organic solvent. This solvent serves to enhance the shelf life of thP liquid concer.trate and further, serves to solvate the a~ine salt in the additive.
Generally any organic solvent or combination of organic solvents miscible with the above-identified additives and rodenticides and which permit the composition of this invention to have the following characteristics:
(a) absorbs less than fifteen percent moisture when exposed to 55% humidity at 5~C in a 3 Inch diameter open petri dish for 72 hours;
(b) undergo less than five percent weight loss when exposed to 55Z hu~idity at 50C for 72 hours in a 3 inch diameter open petri dish; and (c) have a viscosity less than 800 cente-poise (cps) at 25C.
may be employed. Preferred are polyalkylene polyols, especially those of molecular weight between lO0 and 600. Polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol are especially preferred. Most preferred is a polyethy-lene glycol of molecular weight 200. The amount of solvent normally employed in the formulation is between 2 ~nd 50Z, preferably between 2 and lOX, based on the total weight of ~he composition.
Further the composition may contain any conventional dye that is fluorescent and soluble in the composition. ~uch dyes have a three-fold purpose.
._ .
12~ 95 .
l. Analytical Tool. The fluorescent dyes sre em-ployed to determine the relative amount of rodenticide in any given sample or the relative amount of rodenti-cide uptake in a given subject. Further, due to the high level of toxicity of the colorless rodenticides of this invention, appropriate precautionary measures can be undertaken after this quantity is determined.
2. Use in Field Operations. When employed in the above-discussed tubular rodent control devices, the amount of dye presen~ in any given sample may also be used to determine the efficacy of the wick. This can be ascertained by ~easuring the amount of dye uptake (which is analogo~ls to the uptake of the active ingredient) by the rodent per pass over the wick, as outlined in the Morris et al article cited above.
3. Contamination of Substrates. It is oten neces-sary to determine how much rodenticide is contaminat-- - ing the substrate. Thus, for example, the amount of rodenticide in wood can be ascertained by extracting the dye from the wood and calculating the correspond-ing rodenticide content.
Examples of especially suitable dyes are listed in D.M. Marmion, Handbook of U.S. Colorants for Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, John Wiley and Sons, 1984. Especially preferred are:
A. fluorescent dyes selected from the group consisting of fluorescein dyes such as fluorescein (D
& C Yellow ~7) and its metal (e.g. Ca, Na) 6~1ts;
4-iodofluorescein; 4,5-diiodofluorescein; and 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein;
~ 2877~3S
B, Xanthenes s~ch as D & C Yellow ~5~
~- Rhodamine B (D ~ C Red ~19?; D & C Yellow 11~ (quino-line yellow, i.e. the disodium salt of 2-t2-quinolyl)-~1,3-indandione); and D & C Yellow ~11 (quinoline yellow SS); and C. F D ~ C Blue tl, Brillisnt Blue FCF.
Combinations of dyes may also be employed. The total amount of dye normally employed is ~etween 0.01 to 2%, most preferably 0.1 and 0.2~ by weight of the total composition.
While the composition o this invention may be produced by processes known in the art, ~wo pro-cesses are especially preferred. In the first, the rodenticide and additive and, optionally, solvent, and/or dye are simultaneously mixed and stirred between 20 and 30C, preferably room temperature, from 30 seconds to 3 days depending on such factors, well known to one skilled in the art, as volume, agitator shear, temperature of the reaction vessel, and product solubilityO The mixture is sufficiently blended when the resulting coMposition remains homo-geneous.
If the rodenticide employed is ~o be a metal, amine or ammonium salt o one of the aforemen-tioned compounds, the appropriate salt-forming agent is also simultaneously mixed with the above co~pon--- ents. Alternatively, the metal, ammonia or amine salt may be formed prior to admixing with the rodenticide with the other components of this invention.
The sequential process is espeoially useful when the rodenticide employed is a metal~ amine or ammonium salt of one of the aforementioned compounds.
~P In this process one of the aforementioned compounds 9 the salt-forming agent and organic solvent sre simul-.taneously added to a reaction vessel and the mi~ture stirred from 1 to 7 hours. To the resulting mixture containing the formed rodenticidal salt is added the additive and, optionally, the dye. Alternatively the rodenticide, salt-forming agent and additive ~ay be simultaneously added to the reaction vessel and stirred or 1 to 7 hours. The dye and organie sol-vent, if desired, may be added either to the reaction vessel during or subsequent to ehe formation of the rodenticidal salt. In either alternative or in any other feasible method, the components of ~he composi-tion are stirred between 20~ to 80C, preferably 25C, for 30 seconds to one day until the resulting composi-tion remains homogeneous. This process may also employ the pre-formed rodenticidal salt.
When the rodenticidal soluble salt is formed in one of the above defined in situ processes, the amount of ~al~-formang ag~nt employed is between 3-50%, preferably 3-10%, most preferably 6%, based on the wei~ht of the total composition.
Especially preferred as the composition of this invention is 0.15 to 5.0 weight percent of a compound of the formula ~
, ~
~ ,' :
2~95 . 70 to 90 weight percent of the reaction prQdL~ct o an ~r oleylamine ~nd alkylene oxide; 3 to 50 weight percent o triethanolamine; 2 to 10 weight percent of a - --polyalkylene glyeol of molecular weight between 100 and 600; and 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent of Rhodamine B.
While the composition of this invention may be employed in various devices and forms, it is especially adapted for use in a rodent control tubular apparatus. In particular, due to ~he synergistic effect of the physical properties of the composition, it genesally will not leak from the cartridge of such a device when loaded onto the wick and thus the danger of contamina~ion to both non-~arget species and the environment is eliminated. In such rodent control tubes, the amount of composition added ~o a single wick is that amount needed to achieve between S0 to 90, most preferably 75-9Q, percent saturation.
Further, the composition of this invention is considered to be child-proof when employed in such apparatus. The composition is considered ~o be child-proof since accidental ingestion by a 25 kg child of the composition of this invention from either or both cartridges would not be fatal.
The following non-limiting examples are presented to urther illustrate the invention and the advantages thereof.
~2 ~ S
Ex~ple I
To a 250 ml beaker was added 6.12 g of salt-forming a~ent ~triethanolamine) and 6.08 g 5 of solven~ (polyethylene glycol 200). A homo-mixer ~International Laboratory, Model No. X-1020) was then lowered into the beaker and the mixturP was stirred (approximately 30 seconds) until homogeneous. To the resulting blend was added 0.266 g of brodifacoum ttechnical, 93.89 wt. Z active ingredient). After stirring with the homo-mixer for approximately 23 minutes, 0.04 g of Xhodamine B was added to the beaker. The mixture was then stirred for approximate-ly 25 minutes until it was homogenized. 87.494 g of additive (N,N-polyoxyethyl(5~oleylamine~ was ~hen added and the composition was stirred ~ntil homogen-ous, approximately five minutes. The resulting composition was characterized as follows:
Specific Gravity at 25C 0.9730 Vapor Pressure mm Hg at 25C2 2.0 Boiling Point, C 42-280 Viscosity (Brookfield LVT9 cps), at 25C, Spindle ~2 at 30 rpm 135 Flash Point (Seta-Flash, F) >230 Z Evaporation at 50 D C ~
72 hrs., 52% relative hum-idity (R.H.) (wt. Z) 1.0 % Water Absorption at 5C, 72 hr~. 9 52Z R.H. ~wt. ~ 8.0 37~3S
.. Brodifacoum not present ln compos~tion whP~_this ~r index was obtsined.
-- Examples 2-9 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated.
The reactants employed and their respective amounts are the same as recited in Example 1 except for the additive eomponent. The properties of the resulting formulations are summarized in Table I.
TABLE I
Example No.
2 3 ~ ~ 5 6 7 8 9 Additive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (87.49 g) 20 Viscosity 155 38~ 560 120 775 120 85 131 (cps) Brook-field LVT
Spindle t2 at 30 rpm, 25C
Z Evapora- 1.5 1.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 3.0 8.5 1.2 tion a~ 50C, 72 hrs., 52Z
R.H. (wt. X) % Water 9.0 2.0 10.0 11.5 3.5 9.0 4.0 6.3 Absorption - at 5C, 72 hrs., 52%
35 R.H. (wt. %) 1. Polyoxye~hylene (3.5) 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol;
2. Sorbitan trioleate;
8~ ~ ~S
3. Polyoxyethylene (20)sorbitan_~onooleate ~r 4. Polyethylene glycol rlO)oleate (the reaction product of 1 mole of oleic - acid and 10 moles of ethylene oxide;
5. ~ " tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-~-tallow-1,3-propanediamine;
6. Reaction product of 1 mole of Dodecyl mercaptan and 8 moles ethylene oxide;
7. A branched alcohol e~hoxylate compris-ing the reaction product of 1 mole of 2,6,8-trimethylnonanol and 6 moles of ethylene oxide;
8. Reaction Product of 1 mole of tridecyl alcohol and B moles of e~hylene oxide.
Example 10 To a 250 ml beaker was added 6.06 g of triethanolamine and 6.03 g of polyethylene glycol 200. A homo-mixer (International Laboratory, Model No. X-1020) was then lowered into the beaker and the mixture was stirred until homogeneous, approximately 30 seconds. To the resulting blend was added 0.266 g of brodifacoum (technical, 93.89 wt. Z active ingre-dient) and 20.55 g of polyethylene glycol 400. After - stirring with the homo-mixer for approximately 20 - minutes, 0.04 g of Rhodamine B was added to ~he beaker. The mixture was ~tirred until homogeneous ~approximately 25 minutes~. 67.054 g of pol-yoxy~
3D ethylene S103 non71 phenol was added to the composi-tion which was then stirred until homogeneous, approx-imately 5 minutes. The resulting composition was characterized as follows:
~iscosity (Brookfield LVT, cps), at 25C, Spindle ~2, at 30 rpm: 240 cps. ~
~;~~ % E~aporation at 50C, 72 hrs., 52% R.H.:
~.B (wt. ~).
X Water absorption at 5C, 72 hrs., 52 R.H.~ 2 ~wt. Z).
F.xample 1 1 5 male and 5 female wild house mice ~Mus musculus3 were dusted with an insecticide to control any ectoparasites. Mice were then placed in~o group enclosures and were given laboratory chow and water ad lib All mice were held sexes separate for a minimum of 3 weeks to prevent the use of pregnant females as well as to acclimate them to capti~e conditions. The animals were then weighed and toe-- clipped for future identification prior to introduc-- tion into the test enclosure. This enclosure was a plastic laundry tub (U~S. Plastics Corp. Model No~
143675) which was 22.9 x 15.24 x 7.0 om. The floor was covered wi~h Bed-O-Cobs animal bedding ~The Andersons, Maumee, Ohio) and two nesting boxes (22.9 x 15.24 x 7.0 cm) were placed into the enclosure for the mice to nest in. ~ single food bowl containing Ground Purina laboratory chow (ad libitum) was placed on top of one of the nesting bo~es and a second bowl was filled with water and placed on top of the other box.
All the animals were conditioned to the actual test en~ironment for 3 days prior to the start of the test period with food consumption being monitored daily.
Following the conditioning period, a mouse tube ~F similar to that disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,281l471 was placed along one wall of the enclosure. Each car-tridge was loaded with 1.25 g of the composition of 5 Example 1. Two Actimeter motion detection devices were fitted into the tube at a point jus~ in front of the wick so that mouse activity within the tube could be monitored. Actimeters, as described by Kaukeinen in "Field Methods for Census Taking of Commercial Rodents 10 in Rodenticide Evaluations,l' Vertebrate Pes~ Control and Management Materials: Second Symposium, ASTM STP
680, American Society ~or Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1979, pp. 68-83 are infrared sensing devices which measure the combination of heat and body 15 movement. These units have an internal memory and can register up to 9999 counts (activations). Counts are a relative index of activity and do no~ relate to the total number of passages, i.e~, Actimeters count activity at a certain poine rather than necessarily 20 revealing complete passes through the device. Each of the Actimeters was monitorPd daily and counts were taken. Food consumption was also monitored daily.
Following the third day o the test, all nesting boxes were searched for dead mice. At death or the end of 25 the 15 day treatment period, all mice were reweighed.
The resul~s tabulated in Tables I & II below indicates ~ that the composition of Example 1 has good removal qualities such that suffic~ent toxicant was removed by the rodents in a relatively short period to-cause 30 mortality. In this ~rial, 100% of the mice ~ied with ~n average day of death a~ 7.1 days.
Table 1 ~_-~- Animal InitalFinal Day of ~; No. Sex Weight W~ htDeath -- _ 1 F 16.5 15.5 6 2 F 12.0 19.1 6 3 F 20.5 13.9 7 4 F 17.3 12.2 10 S F 17.1 1~.3 6 6 M 14.6 16.9 7 7 M 17.5 13.7 8 M 20.3 18.3 7 9 M 15.0 13.7 6 M 20.9 16.7 8 AVERAGE 17.2 1~1 7~1 T~ble 2 Dl~Y
CONDITIONING TEST
CORSI~MPTION -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 7 2 13 14 lS
(p) 22.!~ 23.2 12.8 26.4 27.1 12.62.B 12.8 6.9 23.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 ACTI~IEll~R LEFI~ 442 196 165 128 96 45 335 8 0 0 COUNIS RIÆ 465 238 161 123 89 69339 2 0 0 Exam~le 12-13 5 male and 5 female wild house mice (Mus musculus) were dusted with an insecticide to control any ectoparasites. Mice were then placed into group enclosures and were given laboratory chow and water ~; 35 ad lib. All mice were held sexes separate for a - minimum of 3 weeks to prevent the use of pregnant females as well as to acclimate them to captive conditions. The animals were then weighed and toe-clipped for future identification prior to 77~5 . introduction into the test enclosure. Th~-enclosure ~ was a plastic laundry tub ~U.S. Plasties Corp. Model ~~; No. 143675) which was 22.9 x 15.24 x 7.0 cm. The ~ floor was covered with Bed-O-Cobs animal bedding ~The Andersons, ~aumee9 Ohio) and two nes~ing boxes (22.9 x 15.24 x 7.0 cm~ were placed into the enclosure for the mice to nest in. A single food bowl containing Ground Purina laboratory chow ~ad libitum) was placed on top of one of the nesting boxes and a second bowl was fill~d with water and placed on top of ~he other box.
All the animals were conditioned to the actual test environment for 3 days prior to the ~tart of the test period with food consumption being monitored daily~
Following the conditioning period, a mouse tube lS similar to that disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,281,471 was placed along one wall of the enclosure. The cart-ridge was lsaded wi~h 1.25 g of the formulation. To the top of ~he cartridge was placed a 20 mesh screen with 0.02 diameter. The tubes were removed after the fourth day of the test. At death or at the end of the thirteenth day, a body count was made. The results are tabulated in Table II.
TABLE II
Formu- % Z Average -- lation Mortality MortalityRange of Day of . Employed Male FemaleDeath (Days) Death Ex. ~ 60 80 7-11 9 Ex~ 10 100 80 6-13 E~
_ ~ ~ 5 Male and 5 female wild house mice (Mus -musculus) were placed in separate cages for a period of five days. A food bowl containing Ground Purina laboratory chow and a water bowl was placed in each cage. Each mouse was permitted to pass through a mouse tube similar to that disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,281,471 five times per day. The cartridge of the tube was loaded with 1.25 g of the formulation of Example 10. The mean date of death was 6.8 days 1.6 days. 100% mortality occurred by day 15.
R3 and R4 are independen~ly -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2- .
and -~HCH~-; and p is Pither 0 or 1.
The compounds useful as rodenticides in this inven~ion are more fully discussed in Kirk-Othmer9 Encyclopedia Of Chemical Technology, Vol. 18, 3rd Edition, pps. 308-318 (1982). Further, combinations of the above rodenticides may also be employed.
The total amount of rodenticide normally employed in the composition is between 0.05 and 15.0, preferably between 0.15 and 5.0, most preferably 0.25, percent of the total weight of the composition.
Of the above rodenticides, especially preferred are brodifacoum and difenacoum and their metal, a~monium and amine salts since they are ~ore effective at lower concentrations and a~ainst rodent populations resistant to such rodenticides as chloro-phacinone, diphacinone, and warfarin.
The additives of this invention modify the viscosity and other physical properties of the compo-sition such that water absorption, wick adhesion, palatibility, structural compatibility and rodenticid-al effect are optimized. ~n particular, the additives of this invention must: .
~a? absorb less than fifteen percent moisture when exposed to 55Z humidity s -at S~C in a 3 inch diameter open petri .~ ~ dish for 72 hours; ~~
b) undergo less than ive per cent weight loss when exposed to 55% humidity at 50C for 72 hours in a 3 inch diameter open petri dish; and (c) have a viscosity less than 800 centepoisP (cps) at 25DC.
Such additives may be selected from the group consist-ing of 1. polyoxyalkylated alkyl phenols;
2. sorbitan fat~y acids and polyoxy-alkylated derivatives thereof;
3. polyoxyalkylated fatty amines;
4. polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohols, diols or polyols; ~This group can also be referred to as polyoxyalk-ylated ethers.) 5. polyoxyalkylated branched or linear mercaptans;
6. polyoxyalkylated esters; and 7. polyoxyalkylated amines.
The polyoxyalkylated al~yl phenols are produced by condensing l mole of a higher alkyl phenol with between 1.0 ana 12.5.moles, preferably 6 to 11 _ moles, of alkylene oxide, pr~ferably ethylene and/or -- propylene oxide. The phenol typically contains one or more C~ to C12 alkyl group(s~. Nonyl and octyl phenols are especially preferred. Examples include the condensa~ion products of l mole of nonyl phenol and it~ isomers and 4, 5 and lO moles of ethylene oxide.
7~5 - The sorbitan fatty acid is derived fro~
-~ ~ 1 mole of sorbitan and between one and three~moles of at least one C~ to C16 ~a~urated or unsaturated fatty ~acid such as lauric, palmitic, myristic and oleic acid. Examples of suitable sorbitan fatty acids include sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, and sorbitan trioleate.
The polyoxyalkylated sorbitan fatty acid esters are derived from 1 mole of the above described sorbitan fatty acid ~nd between 1.0 and 12.5, most preferably 5, moles of alkylene oxide; preferably ethylene and/or propylene oxide. Specific examples of polyoxyalkylated sorbitan fat~y acid esters suitable as additives in thîs inven~ion include the condensation products of 20 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of either sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate or sorbitan tall oil esters.
The polyoxyalkylated fatty amines are produced by reacting 1 mole of a C~2 to C18 saturated or unsaturated fatty amine, most preferably a C15 fatty amine, with between 1 and 16 moles of alkyl~ne oxide, preferably ethylene and~or propylene oxide, most preferably ethylene oxide. Suitable fatty amines are oleyl, coco, so~a a~d lauryl amines. Examples of ~ polyoxyalkylated fatty amines include the reaction -- product of 1 mole of oleylamine and 5 mole~ of e~hylene oxide; and the reaction product of 1 mole of the ~mina~ed derivative of tall oil and 16 moles of ethylene oxide.
The polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohols, diols or polyols are derived from 1 ~ole of 8~ ~9 .a Clo to C15 saturated or unsaturated pri~ry, -~ ~ secondary or tertiary alcohol and between 1 and 15 moles o~ alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene andlor -propylene oxide. Examples of poly~xyalkylated branched linear alcohols include the reaction product of 2 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of olelyl alcohol;
8 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of 2,4,7,9-tetra-methyl 5 decyn-4,7-diol; a Cll-C15 secondary alcohol with 7 or 9 moles of ethylene oxide; 1 mole of tri-decyl alcohol and 6 moles of ethylene oxide; 1 mole oftridecyl alcohol and 8 moles of ethylene oxide; and 1 mole of 2,6,8-trimethylnonanol and 6 moles of ethylene oxide.
The polyoxyalkylated branched or linear mercaptans are the reaction products of (i) one mole of a mercaptan of the formula RSH, where R is a C7 to C30 saturated alkyl group and (ii~ between 1 and 16 moles of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene and/or propylene oxide. An example of this additive is the reaction product o 1 mole of dodecyl ~ercaptan and 8 moles of ethylene oxide.
The polyoxyalkylated esters are of the formula o "
- R-c-otcH2cH~o)xR
-- wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or acyclic C10-C22 group, Rl is -~ or -C-R; and X is between one and eighteen.
s These esters are produced by reacting onP mole of the ~r appropriate acid with between 1 and 18 moles-of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene andlor propylene .oxide. An example of such an additive is polyoxyethy-lene (10) glycol oleate.
The polyoxyalkylated amines employed in this invention are selected from the group consisting of H A
~) R-N-~CH2)3-N-A
A A
(b) R-N-(CH2)3-N-H; and A A
~c) R-N-(CH2)3-N-A
wherein R is a ~12 to ~18 saturated alkyl group;
A is independently (CH2CH2CH2O)x H or (CH2CH2~)X H wherein X is between 1 ~nd 14 and further wherein the sum of all X's in any one compound is not greater than 15.
Suitable methods for producing the above polyoxyalkylated additives are well known in the art and are discussed in many standard textbooks; such as the Surfactant Science Series, ~ol. I to VII, Martin ~; J. Schick, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., publisher, and particularly Vol. I, entitled Nonionics.
Further, combinations of the above additives may also be employed. The total amount of such additive in tlle composition is be~ween 70-90%, prefer ably 80-90%, most preferably 87Z, based on the weight of the total composition.
Further, the composition may also contain an organic solvent. This solvent serves to enhance the shelf life of thP liquid concer.trate and further, serves to solvate the a~ine salt in the additive.
Generally any organic solvent or combination of organic solvents miscible with the above-identified additives and rodenticides and which permit the composition of this invention to have the following characteristics:
(a) absorbs less than fifteen percent moisture when exposed to 55% humidity at 5~C in a 3 Inch diameter open petri dish for 72 hours;
(b) undergo less than five percent weight loss when exposed to 55Z hu~idity at 50C for 72 hours in a 3 inch diameter open petri dish; and (c) have a viscosity less than 800 cente-poise (cps) at 25C.
may be employed. Preferred are polyalkylene polyols, especially those of molecular weight between lO0 and 600. Polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol are especially preferred. Most preferred is a polyethy-lene glycol of molecular weight 200. The amount of solvent normally employed in the formulation is between 2 ~nd 50Z, preferably between 2 and lOX, based on the total weight of ~he composition.
Further the composition may contain any conventional dye that is fluorescent and soluble in the composition. ~uch dyes have a three-fold purpose.
._ .
12~ 95 .
l. Analytical Tool. The fluorescent dyes sre em-ployed to determine the relative amount of rodenticide in any given sample or the relative amount of rodenti-cide uptake in a given subject. Further, due to the high level of toxicity of the colorless rodenticides of this invention, appropriate precautionary measures can be undertaken after this quantity is determined.
2. Use in Field Operations. When employed in the above-discussed tubular rodent control devices, the amount of dye presen~ in any given sample may also be used to determine the efficacy of the wick. This can be ascertained by ~easuring the amount of dye uptake (which is analogo~ls to the uptake of the active ingredient) by the rodent per pass over the wick, as outlined in the Morris et al article cited above.
3. Contamination of Substrates. It is oten neces-sary to determine how much rodenticide is contaminat-- - ing the substrate. Thus, for example, the amount of rodenticide in wood can be ascertained by extracting the dye from the wood and calculating the correspond-ing rodenticide content.
Examples of especially suitable dyes are listed in D.M. Marmion, Handbook of U.S. Colorants for Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, John Wiley and Sons, 1984. Especially preferred are:
A. fluorescent dyes selected from the group consisting of fluorescein dyes such as fluorescein (D
& C Yellow ~7) and its metal (e.g. Ca, Na) 6~1ts;
4-iodofluorescein; 4,5-diiodofluorescein; and 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein;
~ 2877~3S
B, Xanthenes s~ch as D & C Yellow ~5~
~- Rhodamine B (D ~ C Red ~19?; D & C Yellow 11~ (quino-line yellow, i.e. the disodium salt of 2-t2-quinolyl)-~1,3-indandione); and D & C Yellow ~11 (quinoline yellow SS); and C. F D ~ C Blue tl, Brillisnt Blue FCF.
Combinations of dyes may also be employed. The total amount of dye normally employed is ~etween 0.01 to 2%, most preferably 0.1 and 0.2~ by weight of the total composition.
While the composition o this invention may be produced by processes known in the art, ~wo pro-cesses are especially preferred. In the first, the rodenticide and additive and, optionally, solvent, and/or dye are simultaneously mixed and stirred between 20 and 30C, preferably room temperature, from 30 seconds to 3 days depending on such factors, well known to one skilled in the art, as volume, agitator shear, temperature of the reaction vessel, and product solubilityO The mixture is sufficiently blended when the resulting coMposition remains homo-geneous.
If the rodenticide employed is ~o be a metal, amine or ammonium salt o one of the aforemen-tioned compounds, the appropriate salt-forming agent is also simultaneously mixed with the above co~pon--- ents. Alternatively, the metal, ammonia or amine salt may be formed prior to admixing with the rodenticide with the other components of this invention.
The sequential process is espeoially useful when the rodenticide employed is a metal~ amine or ammonium salt of one of the aforementioned compounds.
~P In this process one of the aforementioned compounds 9 the salt-forming agent and organic solvent sre simul-.taneously added to a reaction vessel and the mi~ture stirred from 1 to 7 hours. To the resulting mixture containing the formed rodenticidal salt is added the additive and, optionally, the dye. Alternatively the rodenticide, salt-forming agent and additive ~ay be simultaneously added to the reaction vessel and stirred or 1 to 7 hours. The dye and organie sol-vent, if desired, may be added either to the reaction vessel during or subsequent to ehe formation of the rodenticidal salt. In either alternative or in any other feasible method, the components of ~he composi-tion are stirred between 20~ to 80C, preferably 25C, for 30 seconds to one day until the resulting composi-tion remains homogeneous. This process may also employ the pre-formed rodenticidal salt.
When the rodenticidal soluble salt is formed in one of the above defined in situ processes, the amount of ~al~-formang ag~nt employed is between 3-50%, preferably 3-10%, most preferably 6%, based on the wei~ht of the total composition.
Especially preferred as the composition of this invention is 0.15 to 5.0 weight percent of a compound of the formula ~
, ~
~ ,' :
2~95 . 70 to 90 weight percent of the reaction prQdL~ct o an ~r oleylamine ~nd alkylene oxide; 3 to 50 weight percent o triethanolamine; 2 to 10 weight percent of a - --polyalkylene glyeol of molecular weight between 100 and 600; and 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent of Rhodamine B.
While the composition of this invention may be employed in various devices and forms, it is especially adapted for use in a rodent control tubular apparatus. In particular, due to ~he synergistic effect of the physical properties of the composition, it genesally will not leak from the cartridge of such a device when loaded onto the wick and thus the danger of contamina~ion to both non-~arget species and the environment is eliminated. In such rodent control tubes, the amount of composition added ~o a single wick is that amount needed to achieve between S0 to 90, most preferably 75-9Q, percent saturation.
Further, the composition of this invention is considered to be child-proof when employed in such apparatus. The composition is considered ~o be child-proof since accidental ingestion by a 25 kg child of the composition of this invention from either or both cartridges would not be fatal.
The following non-limiting examples are presented to urther illustrate the invention and the advantages thereof.
~2 ~ S
Ex~ple I
To a 250 ml beaker was added 6.12 g of salt-forming a~ent ~triethanolamine) and 6.08 g 5 of solven~ (polyethylene glycol 200). A homo-mixer ~International Laboratory, Model No. X-1020) was then lowered into the beaker and the mixturP was stirred (approximately 30 seconds) until homogeneous. To the resulting blend was added 0.266 g of brodifacoum ttechnical, 93.89 wt. Z active ingredient). After stirring with the homo-mixer for approximately 23 minutes, 0.04 g of Xhodamine B was added to the beaker. The mixture was then stirred for approximate-ly 25 minutes until it was homogenized. 87.494 g of additive (N,N-polyoxyethyl(5~oleylamine~ was ~hen added and the composition was stirred ~ntil homogen-ous, approximately five minutes. The resulting composition was characterized as follows:
Specific Gravity at 25C 0.9730 Vapor Pressure mm Hg at 25C2 2.0 Boiling Point, C 42-280 Viscosity (Brookfield LVT9 cps), at 25C, Spindle ~2 at 30 rpm 135 Flash Point (Seta-Flash, F) >230 Z Evaporation at 50 D C ~
72 hrs., 52% relative hum-idity (R.H.) (wt. Z) 1.0 % Water Absorption at 5C, 72 hr~. 9 52Z R.H. ~wt. ~ 8.0 37~3S
.. Brodifacoum not present ln compos~tion whP~_this ~r index was obtsined.
-- Examples 2-9 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated.
The reactants employed and their respective amounts are the same as recited in Example 1 except for the additive eomponent. The properties of the resulting formulations are summarized in Table I.
TABLE I
Example No.
2 3 ~ ~ 5 6 7 8 9 Additive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (87.49 g) 20 Viscosity 155 38~ 560 120 775 120 85 131 (cps) Brook-field LVT
Spindle t2 at 30 rpm, 25C
Z Evapora- 1.5 1.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 3.0 8.5 1.2 tion a~ 50C, 72 hrs., 52Z
R.H. (wt. X) % Water 9.0 2.0 10.0 11.5 3.5 9.0 4.0 6.3 Absorption - at 5C, 72 hrs., 52%
35 R.H. (wt. %) 1. Polyoxye~hylene (3.5) 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol;
2. Sorbitan trioleate;
8~ ~ ~S
3. Polyoxyethylene (20)sorbitan_~onooleate ~r 4. Polyethylene glycol rlO)oleate (the reaction product of 1 mole of oleic - acid and 10 moles of ethylene oxide;
5. ~ " tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-~-tallow-1,3-propanediamine;
6. Reaction product of 1 mole of Dodecyl mercaptan and 8 moles ethylene oxide;
7. A branched alcohol e~hoxylate compris-ing the reaction product of 1 mole of 2,6,8-trimethylnonanol and 6 moles of ethylene oxide;
8. Reaction Product of 1 mole of tridecyl alcohol and B moles of e~hylene oxide.
Example 10 To a 250 ml beaker was added 6.06 g of triethanolamine and 6.03 g of polyethylene glycol 200. A homo-mixer (International Laboratory, Model No. X-1020) was then lowered into the beaker and the mixture was stirred until homogeneous, approximately 30 seconds. To the resulting blend was added 0.266 g of brodifacoum (technical, 93.89 wt. Z active ingre-dient) and 20.55 g of polyethylene glycol 400. After - stirring with the homo-mixer for approximately 20 - minutes, 0.04 g of Rhodamine B was added to ~he beaker. The mixture was ~tirred until homogeneous ~approximately 25 minutes~. 67.054 g of pol-yoxy~
3D ethylene S103 non71 phenol was added to the composi-tion which was then stirred until homogeneous, approx-imately 5 minutes. The resulting composition was characterized as follows:
~iscosity (Brookfield LVT, cps), at 25C, Spindle ~2, at 30 rpm: 240 cps. ~
~;~~ % E~aporation at 50C, 72 hrs., 52% R.H.:
~.B (wt. ~).
X Water absorption at 5C, 72 hrs., 52 R.H.~ 2 ~wt. Z).
F.xample 1 1 5 male and 5 female wild house mice ~Mus musculus3 were dusted with an insecticide to control any ectoparasites. Mice were then placed in~o group enclosures and were given laboratory chow and water ad lib All mice were held sexes separate for a minimum of 3 weeks to prevent the use of pregnant females as well as to acclimate them to capti~e conditions. The animals were then weighed and toe-- clipped for future identification prior to introduc-- tion into the test enclosure. This enclosure was a plastic laundry tub (U~S. Plastics Corp. Model No~
143675) which was 22.9 x 15.24 x 7.0 om. The floor was covered wi~h Bed-O-Cobs animal bedding ~The Andersons, Maumee, Ohio) and two nesting boxes (22.9 x 15.24 x 7.0 cm) were placed into the enclosure for the mice to nest in. ~ single food bowl containing Ground Purina laboratory chow (ad libitum) was placed on top of one of the nesting bo~es and a second bowl was filled with water and placed on top of the other box.
All the animals were conditioned to the actual test en~ironment for 3 days prior to the start of the test period with food consumption being monitored daily.
Following the conditioning period, a mouse tube ~F similar to that disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,281l471 was placed along one wall of the enclosure. Each car-tridge was loaded with 1.25 g of the composition of 5 Example 1. Two Actimeter motion detection devices were fitted into the tube at a point jus~ in front of the wick so that mouse activity within the tube could be monitored. Actimeters, as described by Kaukeinen in "Field Methods for Census Taking of Commercial Rodents 10 in Rodenticide Evaluations,l' Vertebrate Pes~ Control and Management Materials: Second Symposium, ASTM STP
680, American Society ~or Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1979, pp. 68-83 are infrared sensing devices which measure the combination of heat and body 15 movement. These units have an internal memory and can register up to 9999 counts (activations). Counts are a relative index of activity and do no~ relate to the total number of passages, i.e~, Actimeters count activity at a certain poine rather than necessarily 20 revealing complete passes through the device. Each of the Actimeters was monitorPd daily and counts were taken. Food consumption was also monitored daily.
Following the third day o the test, all nesting boxes were searched for dead mice. At death or the end of 25 the 15 day treatment period, all mice were reweighed.
The resul~s tabulated in Tables I & II below indicates ~ that the composition of Example 1 has good removal qualities such that suffic~ent toxicant was removed by the rodents in a relatively short period to-cause 30 mortality. In this ~rial, 100% of the mice ~ied with ~n average day of death a~ 7.1 days.
Table 1 ~_-~- Animal InitalFinal Day of ~; No. Sex Weight W~ htDeath -- _ 1 F 16.5 15.5 6 2 F 12.0 19.1 6 3 F 20.5 13.9 7 4 F 17.3 12.2 10 S F 17.1 1~.3 6 6 M 14.6 16.9 7 7 M 17.5 13.7 8 M 20.3 18.3 7 9 M 15.0 13.7 6 M 20.9 16.7 8 AVERAGE 17.2 1~1 7~1 T~ble 2 Dl~Y
CONDITIONING TEST
CORSI~MPTION -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 7 2 13 14 lS
(p) 22.!~ 23.2 12.8 26.4 27.1 12.62.B 12.8 6.9 23.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 ACTI~IEll~R LEFI~ 442 196 165 128 96 45 335 8 0 0 COUNIS RIÆ 465 238 161 123 89 69339 2 0 0 Exam~le 12-13 5 male and 5 female wild house mice (Mus musculus) were dusted with an insecticide to control any ectoparasites. Mice were then placed into group enclosures and were given laboratory chow and water ~; 35 ad lib. All mice were held sexes separate for a - minimum of 3 weeks to prevent the use of pregnant females as well as to acclimate them to captive conditions. The animals were then weighed and toe-clipped for future identification prior to 77~5 . introduction into the test enclosure. Th~-enclosure ~ was a plastic laundry tub ~U.S. Plasties Corp. Model ~~; No. 143675) which was 22.9 x 15.24 x 7.0 cm. The ~ floor was covered with Bed-O-Cobs animal bedding ~The Andersons, ~aumee9 Ohio) and two nes~ing boxes (22.9 x 15.24 x 7.0 cm~ were placed into the enclosure for the mice to nest in. A single food bowl containing Ground Purina laboratory chow ~ad libitum) was placed on top of one of the nesting boxes and a second bowl was fill~d with water and placed on top of ~he other box.
All the animals were conditioned to the actual test environment for 3 days prior to the ~tart of the test period with food consumption being monitored daily~
Following the conditioning period, a mouse tube lS similar to that disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,281,471 was placed along one wall of the enclosure. The cart-ridge was lsaded wi~h 1.25 g of the formulation. To the top of ~he cartridge was placed a 20 mesh screen with 0.02 diameter. The tubes were removed after the fourth day of the test. At death or at the end of the thirteenth day, a body count was made. The results are tabulated in Table II.
TABLE II
Formu- % Z Average -- lation Mortality MortalityRange of Day of . Employed Male FemaleDeath (Days) Death Ex. ~ 60 80 7-11 9 Ex~ 10 100 80 6-13 E~
_ ~ ~ 5 Male and 5 female wild house mice (Mus -musculus) were placed in separate cages for a period of five days. A food bowl containing Ground Purina laboratory chow and a water bowl was placed in each cage. Each mouse was permitted to pass through a mouse tube similar to that disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,281,471 five times per day. The cartridge of the tube was loaded with 1.25 g of the formulation of Example 10. The mean date of death was 6.8 days 1.6 days. 100% mortality occurred by day 15.
Claims (19)
1. A homogeneous liquid composition for loading the wick of a rodent control apparatus comprising:
(I) a rodenticidally effective amount of at least one rodenticide selected from the group consisting of (A) a compound of the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, a C1-C6 alkyl and a C1-C6 alkoxy group;
R3 is an aryl group having the formula where n is 1 or 2, and each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, a C2-C12 alkyl, a C2-C12 alkoxy group, cyclohexyl, benzyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, phenoxy and halogenophenoxy provided that R3 contains not more than 3 halogen atoms;
(B) a compound of the formula (II) wherein R is hydrogen, phenyl, halophenyl, dihalophenyl, nitrophenyl, methoxyphenyl, tolyl, methylene dioxyphenyl or furyl, R1 is methyl, phenyl, halophenyl, nitrophenyl, diphenyl, halodiphenyl, nitro-diphenyl snd naphthyl radicals, and R2 is hydrogen or a halogen;
(C) a compound of the formula (III) wherein Z represents a ehlorine atom, n is 0, 1 or 2, and R4 represents in which Hal is a fluorine or chlorine atom and n is 0 or 1, X is a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom or a -CN, -CF3 or -OCF3 group and D represents -OCH2- or -(CH2)m-, where m is 2 to 3;
(D) a compound selected from 1,1-di-phenyl-2 acetyl-1,3-indandione, and (1'-para-chlorophenyl-1'-phenyl)-2-acetyl-1, 3-indan-dione;
(E) monofluoroacetic acid; and (F) a compound of the formula (IV) wherein R represents methyl, ethyl or propyl;
R1 represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, methyl, nitro or tri-fluoromethyl;
R2 and R5 independently represent hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, nitro, methyl or trifluoromethyl, provided that no more than one of R2 and R5 represents nitro;
R3 and R4 independently represent hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo or trifluoromethyl; provided that (a) no more than one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents methyl, except that R3 and R4 may both represent methyl;
(b) when R1, R2, R3, R4 or R5 repre-sents methyl or fluoro, two or three of R1, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bromo;
(c) no more than one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents trifluoromethyl, except that R3 and R4 may both represent trifluoromethyl;
(d) when R2 or R5 represents tri-fluoromethyl, R1 represents chloro or bromo;
(e) when one and only one of R3 and R4 represents trifluoromethyl, two or three of R1, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bromo;
(f) no more than four of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent hydrogen;
(g) two fluorine atoms are not adja-cent to each other;
(h) when R2 or R5 represents notro, R1 represents chloro, bromo or nitro;
(i) when R1, R2, R3, R4 and R4 repre-sents trifluoromethyl, none of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents fluoro or methyls or (G) a salt of either compound (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) or (F) formed by reacting the same with a salt-forming agent selected from the group consisting of (a) an alkali metal or hydroxide thereof;
(b) ammonia or ammonium hydroxide;
(c) an alkanolamine of the formula N[(CnH2n) yOH]X (H)z wherein n=1 to 6, x and y are independently 1 to 3, z is 0 to 2 and further wherein x+z=3; and (d) amine of the formula wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl 9 propyl or iso-propyl; R3 and R4 are independently -CH2-, -CH2CH2 -, -CH2CH2CH2-and and p is either 0 or 1;
and (II) between 70 and 90 weight percent of at least one additive which will (a) absorb less than fifteen percent moisture when exposed to 55% humidity at 5°C in a 3 inch diameter open petri dish for 72 hours;
(b) undergo less than five per cent weight loss when exposed to 55% humidity at 50°C for 72 hours in a 3 inch diameter open petri dish;
(c) have a viscosity less than 800 centepoise (cps) at 25°C; and is selected from the group consisting of a (i) polyoxyalkylated alkyl phenol comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a phenol containing one or more C4 to C12 alkyl groups and between 1 and 12.5 moles of alkylene oxide;
(ii) a sorbitan fatty acid comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of sorbitan and between 1 and 3 moles of at least one C8 to C16 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid;
(iii) polyoxyalkylated sorbitan fatty acid ester comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a sorbitan fatty acid and between 1 and 12.5 moles of alkylene oxide;
(iv) polyoxyalkylated fatty amine comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a C12 to C18 fatty amine and between 1 and 16 moles of alkylene oxide;
(v) polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohol comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a C10 to C15 alcohol and between 1 and 15 moles of alkylene oxide;
(vi) polyoxyalkylated branched or linear mercaptan comprising the reaction product of (a) 1 mole of a mercaptan of the formula RSH, wherein R is a C7 to C30 saturated alkyl group and (b) between 1 and 16 moles of alkylene oxide;
(vii) polyoxyalkylated ester of the formula R-?-O(CH2CH2O)XR1 wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated ali-phatic or acyclic C10-C22 group, R1 is -H or -?-R; and X is between one and eighteen; and (viii) polyoxyalkylated polyamine selected from the group consisting of (a) (b) (c) wherein R is a C12 to C18 saturated alkyl group;
A is independently selected from (CH2CH2CH2O)X H and (CH2CH2O)XH wherein X is between 1 and 14 and further wherein the sum of all X's in any one compound is not 39(a) greater than 15; and wherein the amount of rodenticide is between 0.05 to 15 percent of the total weight of the composition; the composition has a vapour pressure of between 0.001 to 20 mm. Hg at 25°C; the composition has a Brookfield LVT viscosity of between 5 to 800 cps., at 25°C; and the composition has a Flash Point, Seta-Flash, greater than 100°F.
(I) a rodenticidally effective amount of at least one rodenticide selected from the group consisting of (A) a compound of the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, a C1-C6 alkyl and a C1-C6 alkoxy group;
R3 is an aryl group having the formula where n is 1 or 2, and each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, a C2-C12 alkyl, a C2-C12 alkoxy group, cyclohexyl, benzyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, phenoxy and halogenophenoxy provided that R3 contains not more than 3 halogen atoms;
(B) a compound of the formula (II) wherein R is hydrogen, phenyl, halophenyl, dihalophenyl, nitrophenyl, methoxyphenyl, tolyl, methylene dioxyphenyl or furyl, R1 is methyl, phenyl, halophenyl, nitrophenyl, diphenyl, halodiphenyl, nitro-diphenyl snd naphthyl radicals, and R2 is hydrogen or a halogen;
(C) a compound of the formula (III) wherein Z represents a ehlorine atom, n is 0, 1 or 2, and R4 represents in which Hal is a fluorine or chlorine atom and n is 0 or 1, X is a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom or a -CN, -CF3 or -OCF3 group and D represents -OCH2- or -(CH2)m-, where m is 2 to 3;
(D) a compound selected from 1,1-di-phenyl-2 acetyl-1,3-indandione, and (1'-para-chlorophenyl-1'-phenyl)-2-acetyl-1, 3-indan-dione;
(E) monofluoroacetic acid; and (F) a compound of the formula (IV) wherein R represents methyl, ethyl or propyl;
R1 represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, methyl, nitro or tri-fluoromethyl;
R2 and R5 independently represent hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, nitro, methyl or trifluoromethyl, provided that no more than one of R2 and R5 represents nitro;
R3 and R4 independently represent hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo or trifluoromethyl; provided that (a) no more than one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents methyl, except that R3 and R4 may both represent methyl;
(b) when R1, R2, R3, R4 or R5 repre-sents methyl or fluoro, two or three of R1, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bromo;
(c) no more than one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents trifluoromethyl, except that R3 and R4 may both represent trifluoromethyl;
(d) when R2 or R5 represents tri-fluoromethyl, R1 represents chloro or bromo;
(e) when one and only one of R3 and R4 represents trifluoromethyl, two or three of R1, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bromo;
(f) no more than four of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent hydrogen;
(g) two fluorine atoms are not adja-cent to each other;
(h) when R2 or R5 represents notro, R1 represents chloro, bromo or nitro;
(i) when R1, R2, R3, R4 and R4 repre-sents trifluoromethyl, none of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents fluoro or methyls or (G) a salt of either compound (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) or (F) formed by reacting the same with a salt-forming agent selected from the group consisting of (a) an alkali metal or hydroxide thereof;
(b) ammonia or ammonium hydroxide;
(c) an alkanolamine of the formula N[(CnH2n) yOH]X (H)z wherein n=1 to 6, x and y are independently 1 to 3, z is 0 to 2 and further wherein x+z=3; and (d) amine of the formula wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl 9 propyl or iso-propyl; R3 and R4 are independently -CH2-, -CH2CH2 -, -CH2CH2CH2-and and p is either 0 or 1;
and (II) between 70 and 90 weight percent of at least one additive which will (a) absorb less than fifteen percent moisture when exposed to 55% humidity at 5°C in a 3 inch diameter open petri dish for 72 hours;
(b) undergo less than five per cent weight loss when exposed to 55% humidity at 50°C for 72 hours in a 3 inch diameter open petri dish;
(c) have a viscosity less than 800 centepoise (cps) at 25°C; and is selected from the group consisting of a (i) polyoxyalkylated alkyl phenol comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a phenol containing one or more C4 to C12 alkyl groups and between 1 and 12.5 moles of alkylene oxide;
(ii) a sorbitan fatty acid comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of sorbitan and between 1 and 3 moles of at least one C8 to C16 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid;
(iii) polyoxyalkylated sorbitan fatty acid ester comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a sorbitan fatty acid and between 1 and 12.5 moles of alkylene oxide;
(iv) polyoxyalkylated fatty amine comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a C12 to C18 fatty amine and between 1 and 16 moles of alkylene oxide;
(v) polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohol comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a C10 to C15 alcohol and between 1 and 15 moles of alkylene oxide;
(vi) polyoxyalkylated branched or linear mercaptan comprising the reaction product of (a) 1 mole of a mercaptan of the formula RSH, wherein R is a C7 to C30 saturated alkyl group and (b) between 1 and 16 moles of alkylene oxide;
(vii) polyoxyalkylated ester of the formula R-?-O(CH2CH2O)XR1 wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated ali-phatic or acyclic C10-C22 group, R1 is -H or -?-R; and X is between one and eighteen; and (viii) polyoxyalkylated polyamine selected from the group consisting of (a) (b) (c) wherein R is a C12 to C18 saturated alkyl group;
A is independently selected from (CH2CH2CH2O)X H and (CH2CH2O)XH wherein X is between 1 and 14 and further wherein the sum of all X's in any one compound is not 39(a) greater than 15; and wherein the amount of rodenticide is between 0.05 to 15 percent of the total weight of the composition; the composition has a vapour pressure of between 0.001 to 20 mm. Hg at 25°C; the composition has a Brookfield LVT viscosity of between 5 to 800 cps., at 25°C; and the composition has a Flash Point, Seta-Flash, greater than 100°F.
2. The composition of Claim 1 wherein the rodenticide of (I) is of the formula wherein X is either hydrogen or bromine.
3. The composition of Claim 1 wherein in the rodenticide of (II), R is -C6H5, R1 is , and R2 is hydrogen.
4. The composition of Claim 1 wherein in the rodenticide of (III) n is O, D is -OCH2-, and X
is -CF3.
is -CF3.
5. The composition of Claim 1 wherein in the rodenticide of (IV) R is -CH3; R1, R2 and R5 are -Br; and R3 and R4 are hydrogen.
6. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohol is the reaction product of either tridecyl alcohol or 2,6,8-trimethylnonanol and alkylene oxide.
7. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said sorbitan fatty acid is sorbitan trioleate.
8. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said C12 to C18 fatty amine is oleylamine.
9. The composition of Claim 1 which further comprises between 2 and 50 percent by weight of a polyalkylene polyol with molecular weight between 100 and 600.
10. The composition of Claim 9 wherein said polyol is either polyethylene glycol or poly-propylene glycol.
11. The composition of Claim 10 wherein said polyol is polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200.
12. The composition of Claim 10 further comprising a dye selected from the group consisting of fluorescein and xanthenes.
13 . The composition of Claim 12 wherein said dye is Rhodamine B.
14. The composition of Claim 1 which comprises 0.15 to 5.0 weight percent of a compound of the formula 70 to 90 weight percent of the reaction product of an oleylamine and alkylene oxide; 3 to 50 weight percent of triethanolamine; 2 to 10 weight percent of a polyalkylene glycol of molecular weight between 100 and 600; and 0.1 to 0.2 wt. percent of Rhodamine B.
15. A method of killing rodents which comprises loading the wick of a rodent control appara-tus with a toxic liquid composition and placing the loaded apparatus in a pathway frequented by rodents, whereby subsequent to the rodent passing through the apparatus and ingesting the composition during groom-ing the rodent dies, wherein the composition com-prises:
(I) a rodenticidally effective amount of at least one rodenticide selected from the group consisting of (A) a compound of the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, a C1-C6 alkyl and a C1-C6 alkoxy group;
R3 is an aryl group having the formula where n is 1 or 2, and each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, a C2-C12 alkyl, a C2-C12 alkoxy group, cyclohexyl, benzyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, phenoxy and halogenophenoxy provided that R3 contains not more than 3 halogen atoms;
(B) a compound of the formula (II) wherein R is hydrogen, phenyl, halophenyl, dihalophenyl, nitrophenyl, methoxyphenyl, tolyl, methylene dioxyphenyl or furyl, R1 is methyl, phenyl, halophenyl, nitrophenyl, diphenyl, halodiphenyl, nitro-diphenyl and naphthyl radicals, and R2 is hydrogen or a halogen;
(C) a compound of the formula (III) wherein Z represents a chlorine atom, n is 0, 1 or 2, and R4 represents in which Hal is a fluorine or chlorine atom and n is 0 or 1, X is a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom or a -CN, -CF3 -or -OCF3 group and D represents -OCH2- or -(CH2)m-, where m is 2 to 3;
(D) a compound selected from 1,1-diphenyl-2-acetyl-1,3-indandione, and (1'-parachlorophenyl-1'-phenyl)-2-acetyl-1, 3-indandione;
(E) monofluoroacetic acid; and (F) a compound of the formula (IV) wherein R represents methyl, ethyl or propyl;
R1 represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, methyl, nitro or tri-fluoromethyl;
R2 and R5 independently represent hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, nitro, methyl or trifluoromethyl, provided that no more than one of R2 and R5 represents nitro;
R3 and R4 independently represent hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo or trifluoromethyl; provided that (a) no more than one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents methyl, except that R3 and R4 may both represent methyl;
(b) when R1, R2, R3, R4 or R5 repre-sents methyl or fluoro, two or three of R1, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bromo;
(c) no more than one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R represents trifluoromethyl, except that R3 and R4 may both represent trifluoro-methyl;
(d) when R2 or R5 represents tri-fluoromethyl, R1 represents chloro or bromo;
(e) when one and only one of R3 and R4 represents trifluoromethyl, two or three of R1, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bromo;
(f) no more than four of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent hydrogen;
(g) two fluorine atoms are not adja-cent to each other;
(h) when R2 or R5 represents nitro, represents chloro, bromo or nitro;
(i) when R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 repre-sents trifluoromethyl, none of R1, R2, R30 R4 and R5 represents fluoro or methyl; or (G) a salt of either compound (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) or (F) formed by reacting the same with a salt-forming agent selected from:
(i) an alkali metal or hydroxide thereof;
(ii) ammonia or ammonium hydroxide;
(iii) an alkanolamine of the formula N[(CnH2n)yOH]x (H)z wherein n=1 to 6, x and y are independently 1 to 3, z is 0 to 2 and further wherein x+z=3; and (iv) amine of the formula wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydro-gen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or iso-propyl;
R3 and R4 are independently -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, and and p is either 0 or 1;
and (II) between 70 and 90% weight percent of at least one additive selected from the group consist-ing of a (i) polyoxyalkylated alkyl phenol comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a phenol containing one or more C4 to C12 alkyl groups and between 1 and 12.5 moles of alkylene oxide;
(ii) sorbitan fatty acid comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of sorbitan and between 1 and 3 moles of at least one C8 to C16 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid;
(iii) polyoxyalkylated sorbitan fatty acid ester comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a sorbitan fatty acid and between 1 and 12.5 moles of alkylene oxide;
(iv) polyoxyalkylated fatty amine comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of 8 C12 to C18 fatty amine and between 1 and 16 moles of alkylene oxide;
(v) polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohol comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a C10 to C15 alcohol and between 1 and 15 moles of alkylene oxide;
(vi) polyoxyalkylated branched or linear mercaptan comprising the reaction product of (a) 1 mole of a mercaptan of the formula RSH, wherein R is a C7 to C30 saturated alkyl group and (b) between 1 and
(I) a rodenticidally effective amount of at least one rodenticide selected from the group consisting of (A) a compound of the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, a C1-C6 alkyl and a C1-C6 alkoxy group;
R3 is an aryl group having the formula where n is 1 or 2, and each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, a C2-C12 alkyl, a C2-C12 alkoxy group, cyclohexyl, benzyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, phenoxy and halogenophenoxy provided that R3 contains not more than 3 halogen atoms;
(B) a compound of the formula (II) wherein R is hydrogen, phenyl, halophenyl, dihalophenyl, nitrophenyl, methoxyphenyl, tolyl, methylene dioxyphenyl or furyl, R1 is methyl, phenyl, halophenyl, nitrophenyl, diphenyl, halodiphenyl, nitro-diphenyl and naphthyl radicals, and R2 is hydrogen or a halogen;
(C) a compound of the formula (III) wherein Z represents a chlorine atom, n is 0, 1 or 2, and R4 represents in which Hal is a fluorine or chlorine atom and n is 0 or 1, X is a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom or a -CN, -CF3 -or -OCF3 group and D represents -OCH2- or -(CH2)m-, where m is 2 to 3;
(D) a compound selected from 1,1-diphenyl-2-acetyl-1,3-indandione, and (1'-parachlorophenyl-1'-phenyl)-2-acetyl-1, 3-indandione;
(E) monofluoroacetic acid; and (F) a compound of the formula (IV) wherein R represents methyl, ethyl or propyl;
R1 represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, methyl, nitro or tri-fluoromethyl;
R2 and R5 independently represent hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, nitro, methyl or trifluoromethyl, provided that no more than one of R2 and R5 represents nitro;
R3 and R4 independently represent hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo or trifluoromethyl; provided that (a) no more than one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents methyl, except that R3 and R4 may both represent methyl;
(b) when R1, R2, R3, R4 or R5 repre-sents methyl or fluoro, two or three of R1, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bromo;
(c) no more than one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R represents trifluoromethyl, except that R3 and R4 may both represent trifluoro-methyl;
(d) when R2 or R5 represents tri-fluoromethyl, R1 represents chloro or bromo;
(e) when one and only one of R3 and R4 represents trifluoromethyl, two or three of R1, R2 and R5 represent chloro or bromo;
(f) no more than four of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent hydrogen;
(g) two fluorine atoms are not adja-cent to each other;
(h) when R2 or R5 represents nitro, represents chloro, bromo or nitro;
(i) when R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 repre-sents trifluoromethyl, none of R1, R2, R30 R4 and R5 represents fluoro or methyl; or (G) a salt of either compound (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) or (F) formed by reacting the same with a salt-forming agent selected from:
(i) an alkali metal or hydroxide thereof;
(ii) ammonia or ammonium hydroxide;
(iii) an alkanolamine of the formula N[(CnH2n)yOH]x (H)z wherein n=1 to 6, x and y are independently 1 to 3, z is 0 to 2 and further wherein x+z=3; and (iv) amine of the formula wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydro-gen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or iso-propyl;
R3 and R4 are independently -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, and and p is either 0 or 1;
and (II) between 70 and 90% weight percent of at least one additive selected from the group consist-ing of a (i) polyoxyalkylated alkyl phenol comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a phenol containing one or more C4 to C12 alkyl groups and between 1 and 12.5 moles of alkylene oxide;
(ii) sorbitan fatty acid comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of sorbitan and between 1 and 3 moles of at least one C8 to C16 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid;
(iii) polyoxyalkylated sorbitan fatty acid ester comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a sorbitan fatty acid and between 1 and 12.5 moles of alkylene oxide;
(iv) polyoxyalkylated fatty amine comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of 8 C12 to C18 fatty amine and between 1 and 16 moles of alkylene oxide;
(v) polyoxyalkylated branched or linear alcohol comprising the reaction product of 1 mole of a C10 to C15 alcohol and between 1 and 15 moles of alkylene oxide;
(vi) polyoxyalkylated branched or linear mercaptan comprising the reaction product of (a) 1 mole of a mercaptan of the formula RSH, wherein R is a C7 to C30 saturated alkyl group and (b) between 1 and
16 moles of alkylene oxide;
(vii) polyoxyalkylated ester of the formula R-?-O(CH2CH2O)XR1 wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated ali-phatic or acyclic C10-C22 group, R1 is -H or -?-R; and X is between one and eighteen; and (viii) polyoxyalkylated polyamine selected from the group consisting of (a) (b) (c) wherein R is a C12 to C18 saturated alkyl group;
A is independently selected from (CH2CH2CH2O)X H and (CH2CH2O)XH wherein X is between 1 and 14 and further wherein the sum of all X's in any one compound is not greater than 15; and wherein the amount of rodenticide is between 0.05 to 15 percent of the total weight of the composition; the composition has a vapour pressure of between 0.001 to 20 mm. Hg at 25°C; the composition has a Brookfield LVT viscosity of between 5 to 800 cps., at 25°C; and the composition has a Flash Point, Seta-Flash, greater than 100°F.
16. The method of Claim 15 wherein said composition further comprises between 2 and 50.0 percent by weight of a polyalkylene polyol with molecular weight between 100 and 600.
(vii) polyoxyalkylated ester of the formula R-?-O(CH2CH2O)XR1 wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated ali-phatic or acyclic C10-C22 group, R1 is -H or -?-R; and X is between one and eighteen; and (viii) polyoxyalkylated polyamine selected from the group consisting of (a) (b) (c) wherein R is a C12 to C18 saturated alkyl group;
A is independently selected from (CH2CH2CH2O)X H and (CH2CH2O)XH wherein X is between 1 and 14 and further wherein the sum of all X's in any one compound is not greater than 15; and wherein the amount of rodenticide is between 0.05 to 15 percent of the total weight of the composition; the composition has a vapour pressure of between 0.001 to 20 mm. Hg at 25°C; the composition has a Brookfield LVT viscosity of between 5 to 800 cps., at 25°C; and the composition has a Flash Point, Seta-Flash, greater than 100°F.
16. The method of Claim 15 wherein said composition further comprises between 2 and 50.0 percent by weight of a polyalkylene polyol with molecular weight between 100 and 600.
17. The method of Claim 15 wherein the rodenticide of (I) is of the formula wherein X is either hydrogen or bromine.
18. The method of Claim 15 wherein in the rodenticide of (II), R is -C6H5, R1 is , and R2 is hydrogen.
19 . The method of Claim 15 wherein in the rodenticide of (III), n is O, D is -OCH2-, and X is -CF3.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US80583485A | 1985-12-06 | 1985-12-06 | |
| US805,834 | 1985-12-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1287795C true CA1287795C (en) | 1991-08-20 |
Family
ID=25192633
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 524720 Expired CA1287795C (en) | 1985-12-06 | 1986-12-05 | Composition for rodent control |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU605117B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1287795C (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE43715B1 (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1981-05-06 | Lilly Co Eli | Nitrotrifluoromethyl substituted diphenylamines,their preparation and rodenticidal compositions |
| NZ216757A (en) * | 1985-09-25 | 1989-09-27 | Sterling Drug Inc | Anticoagulant rodenticides |
-
1986
- 1986-12-05 CA CA 524720 patent/CA1287795C/en not_active Expired
- 1986-12-05 AU AU66128/86A patent/AU605117B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6612886A (en) | 1987-06-11 |
| AU605117B2 (en) | 1991-01-10 |
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