CA1277153C - Apparatus and process for the construction of monolithic ceilings - Google Patents

Abstract

A b s t r a c t The invention relates to an apparatus for the construction of monolithic of multi-level or pillar- framed buildings having suspended ceilings, said apparatus is provided with surface- and in given case working level- forming formwork shell surrounding the monolithic concrete form- space of the ceiling, formwork bearer supporting the formwork shell, furthermore actuating mechanisms, e.g. lifting units for lifting and lowering the formwork bearer, the actuating mechanisms, e.g. lifting units are in force-transmitting connection directly or indirectly with a certain part, e.g. pillars of the temporary or permanent vertical load bearing structures of the building, load bearing elements, e,g. bear frame, connecting member, etc. are built in between the formwork bearer and the lifting units.
The essence of the apparatus lies in that the units /7/ are interconnected preferably with storey-high intermediate members /8/ forming forced trajectory For the formwork bearer /3/, furthermore the intermediate members /8/ are provided with releasable hinged bearers /9/ fixed to the vertical load bearing structure /1/
temporarily holding and temporarily releasing the inter-mediate members /8/ and allowing the inching movement of the lifting units /7/.
The invention furthermore relates to a process for the construction of monolithic ceilings, particularly for monolithic ceilings of multi- level or pillar-framed buildings having suspended ceilings, where the ceilings are built on surface- and in given case on working level-forming formwork shell surrounding the form- space of the ceilings, the formwork shell is supported with formwork bearer, lifted and lowered by actuating mechanisms, e.g.
lifting units along vertical load bearing structures, e.g. pillars of the building built prior?to production of the ceilings, and the ceilings are built in the order of moving downwards supported by the vertical load bearing structures, The essence of the process lies in that in the first phase of the construction, in addition to the vertical load bearing structures, e.g. pillars, the core of the building, e.g. staircase or elevator shaft serving for the horizontal stability, in given case the structural parts suitable for suspension of the ceilings are also built up, then in the second phase of the construction first the formwork shell /4/ and the supporting formwork bearer /3/ are assembled and lifted along the pillars /1/
to the level of the uppermost ceiling /2/, where it is accurately adjusted, and fixed for example with temporary supporting bars /lo/, then the ceiling is built, upon reaching the strength of the concrete for removal of the formwork, the temporary fixing is released and the form-work bearer /3/ is lowered to the level of the next ceiling /2/ with the aid of lifting units /7/ inching preferably along storey- high intermediate members /8/ serving for forced trajectory of the formwork bearer /3/, then after adjustment in the new position it is fixed again for example with temporary supporting bars /lo/, followed by moving the intermadiate members /8/- serving for forced trajectory- below the ceiling to be built with the aid of lifting units /7/, the sequence of processes is repeated cyclically until the last ceiling /2/ is completed, finally the formwork bearer /3/ is dismantled and the aids used for its actuation are removed,

Description

~;277~3 APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF
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MONOLITHIC CLILINGS
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The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for the construction of monolithic ceilings, particularly for monolithic ceilings of multi- lev~l or pillar- framed buildings having suspended ceilings, The apparatus is provided with su face- Forming and in given case with working level- forming formwork shell surrounding the mondithic concrete form- space of the ceiling, formworlc bearer supporting the form_ work shell, furthermore with actuating mechanisms, e,g. lifting units for lifting and lowering the form-work bearer. The actuating mechanisms, e,g. lifting units are in force- transmitting connection directly or indirectly with a certain part, e.g. pillars of the permanent or temporary vertical load bearing structures of the building, Load- transmitting elements, e.g. bear frame, connecting member, etc, are built in between the formwork bearer and li~ting units, According to the process tho ceilings are built on surface- forming and in given case on working level- forming continuous formwork shell surrounding thei.r form- space and preferably suited ~o the whole ceiling panel~ The formwork shell is supported by formwork bearer li~ted and lowered with actuating mechanisms, .

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e.g. lifting units along the vertical load bearing structures, e.g. pillars o~ the building prior to construction of the ceilings. The ceilings are built in the order of moving downwards, supported by these vertical load bearing structures.
~xecution of the construction tasks with up-to-date industrialized methods resulted ~irst of all in the development and general use of the prefabricated strctures, Prefabrication however can not be used in every case, hence the monolithic construction processes are still needed further on. In the Field of the reinforced concrete structures this means that concreting on the site can not be dispensed with, which is realizable only with the use of a lot of casing and scaffolding materials and with considerable amount of manpower. In the case of constructing multi- level buildings, the dif'iculties are increased by the need of expensive auxiliary mechanisms, e.g.
the use of tower crane of high lift.
Construction o' the ceiling structures of multi- level industrial buildings represents special problem, in that the concreting on the site is extremely slow, Namely it is well- known that sepa-rate scaffold and formworl< have to be built for each level, and the formwork can be pulled down only after reaching the full strength of the concrete, The reason for this is that building of the structure is continued ,~ '' :. , .. . . . :
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from the already completed ceiling as from supporting base, and the loads applied on the already finished ceiling not only reach but in most cases exceed the loads arising in S the course of proper in the course of proper use of the building.
For renewal and the more efficient functioning of the traditional methods used for the construction of monolithic ceilings considerable development took place in the last decade. ~ typical example for these new methods is found in the U.K. patent publication No. 566,122 of Robertson.
According to this method the formwork used for producing the new ceiling is assembled by separate units for each bay, without producing a continuous formwork extending to the full level. The order of producing the ceiling struc~ures moves downwards. The formwork units are moved with the aid of winches fixed to the top of the already existing pillars of the building. The method in question is applicable only to a limited lift, therefore it is unsuitable for the construction of multi-level, high buildings. owing to is character, moving of the formwork bearer supporting the complete ceiling is not realizable.
In the case of wall structures erected with sliding formwork, ceiling construction method with up-to-date building order moving downwards is recommended in the French patent publication No. 2,207,511 of ~.H.L. Bernhard, published on June 14, 1974. The ceiling structure is produced in parts within the cellular wall ,~1 .:
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~ 77~53 sections by volumetric units determined by the latter ones. The lifting mechanisms moving the formwork structure with bridge wires are suspended on diagonally laid beams at the inner corners of the volumetric units made with sliding Formwo~l<. In spite o~ the good ideas found in the specificaticn, the general use oF the method can not be recl<oned with. First of all because it is unsuitable for the construction oF pillar- framed industrial buildings having large internal space. The continuous formwork bearers of the pillar- framed buildings can not be moved with such mechanism, thus thére is no way to build the ceiling as a single continuous unit.
A considerably more development method is described in the Hungarian patent specification No, 170 558. In this case the ceilings-are built in a downwards moving order.
According to this technology the lifting mechanisms and supporting pillars are arranged on the ground level, This structural design is such that they enable the moving of the formwork bearer supporting the full ceiling. The method in question represents considerable progress, but despite it~ de~inite advantages it can not be used generally.
Namely the supporting pillars limit the height of the building to about max 45 m, The very heavy supporting pillars are also unfavourable - the weight of each i5 about 5 ton in case of max 45 m height - which load the lifting mechanism just as mueh as the formwork bearer to be moved, In the latter method the construction tseh-',, ' '' . . . , ', ~ .
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-~l~277~53 nology is ccmplicated by the fact that very heavy separate supportins pillars are needed in any case. Their erection is manpower- demand ng and the frequent vertical adjus-ment is slow and difficult.
The invention is aimed at the development of such apparatus and process which retain the advantages of the last mentioned most developed method, but eliminate its shortcoming, Within this is realizes the constrwction of suspended ceiling structures of high buildings exceeding ev0n the height 100 m, without the need oF using heavy separate supporting structures.
The objective of the invention is the realizaticn of such apparatus and process, whereby the formworlc bearer required for the ceiling structures and in given case other -- 15 accessories can be lifted without any difficulty to the ~ lev01 oF uppermost ceiling along the already existing - vertical load bearing structures of the building, even in the case of very high building, and for the construction of the ceiling structures moving downwards they can be lowered ZO step by step at each level, The invention idea is based on the recognition that the set ob~ec,tive - be it either the constructic.n oF sus-pended ceiling or ceiling structure supported from under-neath - can be suitably realized, if in the course of construction the already completed new ceiling is not loaded be~ides its own dead weight. For this purpose the loads of the ceiling transmitted to the pillars with prefabricates suspending or supporting elements, the formwork is lifted by inching movement from the ground level to the ~vel ofthe upper-most ceiling,then lowered level by ~el simi~riywdth inching movement .. . .
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.' " . ' ~ ~ .. ' : " ' , : ' ~7~:~53 to the position of the next ceiling, and finally to the ground level. The inching movement as the essential part of the invention idea is realized with releasable hinged bearers, whereby temporary connection can be brought about between the lifting units moving the formwork bear-er and the intermediate members forming their forced trajectory.
In accordance with the above objective, there is provided apparatus for the construction of monolithic ceilings, particularly for monolithic ceilings of multi-level or pillar-framed buildings having suspended ceil~
ings. The apparatus is provided with surface-forming formwork shell, and when desired, with working level-forming formwork shell, surrounding the monolithic con-crete form space of the ceiling formwork bearer support-ing the formwork shell, and actuating mechanisms, such as lifting units for lifting and lowering the formwork bear-er, the actuating mechanisms, such as lifting units are in force-transmitting connection directly or indirectly with a certain part, such as, pillars of the temporary or permanent vertical load bearing structures of the build-ing, load bearing elements, such as bearing frame, con-necting member, etc., are built in between the formwork bearer and the lifting units, the lifting units are in-terconnected preferably with floor- high intermediate members forming forced trajectory for the formwork bear-er, and the intermediate members are provided with re-leasable hinged bearers fixed to the vertical load bear-:;
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6~ing structure temporarily holding and temporarily releas-ing the intermediate members to allow an inching movement of the lifting units. ThP intermediate members are suit-ably vertical suspension bars suspended on releasable hinged bearers, suitable for intermittent upwar~ inching movement of the formwork bearer. Alternatively, the intermediate members can be vertical supporting bars resting on the releasable hinged bearers and suitable for the intermittent lowering of the formwork bearer. Suit-ably, the supporting bars are provided with clamp servingfor connection between the completed ceiling and interme-diate members. Also, temporary supporting bars are built in between the formwork bearer and releasable hinged bearers to support the formwork bearer during its lift-ing.
The above apparatus works by employing a process inwhich in the first phase of the construction, in addition to the vertical load bearing structures, such as pillars, the core of the building, such as staircase or elevator shaft serving for the horizontal stability, in given case the structural parts suitable for suspension of the ceil-ings ar also built up, then in the second phase of the construction first the formwork shell and the supporting formwork bearer are assembled and lifted along the pil-lars to the level of the uppermost ceiling, where it isaccurately adjusted, and fixed for example with temporary supporting bars, then the ceiling is built, upon reaching ~; the strength of the concrete for removal of the formwork, .
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~he temporary fixing is released and the formwork bearer is lowered to the level of the next ceiling with the aid of lifting units inching preferably along floor-high intermediate members serving for forced trajectory of the formwork bearer, then after adjustment in the new posi-tion it is fixed again for example with temporary 5Up-porting bars followed b~ mo~ing the intermediate members serving for forced trajectory-below the ceiling to be built with the aid of lifting units, the sequence or processes is repeated cyclically until the last ceiling is completed, finally the formwork bearer is dismantled and the ai~s used for its actuation are removed.
In a suitable construction of the apparatus the re-leasable hinged bearer are formed by unfolding pairs of - 15 rockers. The lifting unit and intermediate member are interconnected with screw joint, or with friction joint, e.g. clamp jaw.
The process according to the invention where the - ceilings are built on continuous formwork shell, prefera-bly suited to the whole ceiling panel surrounding the form space of the ceilings, at the same time forming the surface and in given case the working level, the formwork shell is supported by formwork bearer, which is lifted and lowered with the aid O:e actuating mechanisms, e.g.
lifting units along vertical load bearing structures, I ~! S'~

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e.g. pillars erected prior to construction of the ceilings, the ceilings are built in downward order supported by the vertical load bearing structures - is based on that in the first phase of the construction the core of the building serving for the horizontal stability, e.g, staircase or elevator shaft, in given case the structural parts suitable for suspension of the ceilings are built in addition to the vertical load bearing structures, e.g. pillars, then in the second phase of the constructicn first the formwork shell and the supporting formwork bearer are assembled and lifted to the level of the uppermost ceiling with the aid of lifting units along the vertical load bearing structures, e,g. pillars releasably connected to them, and moved preferably along storey- high intermediate members, where its position is accurately adjusted and fixed for example with temporary supporting bars, then the ceiling is built, and upon reaching thestrength of the concrete, the temporary clamping is released. The whole formworl< bearer is lowered to the level of the next ceiling wit~ the aid of lifting units preferably along storey- high intermediate members, then ad~us~ent in the new position is Followed by fixing with temporary supporting bars, then the intermediate members serving for the forced tra~ectory are lowered ~5 with the lifting units below the ceiling is completed, and the aids used for its movement are removed.
According to a possible method of the process .. .
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g the intermediate members are suspended on the vertical load bearing structure of the building, e.g. on releasable hinged bearers fixed to pillars, and the formwork bearer is lifted along the intermediate members Filling in the role of the suspension bars with intermittent movement to the level of the uppermost ceiling, According to the other possible method the intermediate members are connected to the vertical load bearing str~cture of the building, e.g, to releasable hinged bearers fixed to pillars, and the formwork bearer is lifted along the intermediate members filling in the role of supporting bars with intermittent movement to the bvel of the uppermost ceiling.
In any constructicn method of the p'^ocess, upon setting of the concrete of each ceiling, the intermediate members are suspended with clamp on to the temporarilycompleted ceiling, or are supported by releasable hinged bearers, and the formwork of the completed ceiling is dismantled by lowerins the formwork bearer with the lifting units.
The apparatus and process according to the invention ~0 have many advantages. Among those it is significant that its range of applicability exceeds by far that of~emost advanced methods l<nown so far, and thus the suspended ceiling structures of the building~ even over ~e helcJhts oFloom can be built with well mechanized, automated and productive con~truction technology. The apparatus and process according to the invention considerably facilitate and simplify the construction of large monolithic reinforced concrete ceilin~

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which is attributed to the fact, that the casing and scaffolding as the most ma~x~r~emanding processes of the monolithic construction techno~y are succe~sfully carried out with minimal live labour and within a short time, The simplicity and efficiency of the method are attributed to moving the complete continuous formwork bearer along the already existing vertical load bearing structures of the building, the forces are transmitted to it, and the lifting and lowering take place with inching movement, preferably with the use of storey- high intermediate members. This way there is no need of heavy separate supporting structures, the assembly and dis-assembly and frequent adjusment of which cause problem at the Icnown processes.
With the aid of the inching movement the con--~ tinuous formv/orl< bearer is lifted quickly and simply to the height of the uppermost ceiling, and just as quiclcly and simply i9 lowered the complete formwork bearer during the downward order of construction of the ceilings until the initial position on the ground level is reached again. The formworl< bearer and other aids can be used several times, resulting in considerable saving in material and manpower, The invention is described in detail by way of examples with the aid of drawings, in which:
Fig,l,: Lifting of the formwork bearer Fig,2.: Order of construction of the ceilings ~ ., .

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1;~77~3 Fig.3.: Front view of detail "A" marlced in Fig.l., drawn to enlarged scale Fig.4. Side view of the same Fig.5.: Front view of detail "B" marlced in Fig.2., drawn to enlarged scale Fig.6.: Side view of the same Fig.7.: Coaction of the lifting unit, supporting bars and the releasable hinged bearers at lifting shown in front view Fig.8.: Side view of the same Fig.9.: C03ction of the lifting unit, supporting bars and the releasable hinged bearers at lowering shown in front view Fig.lO.:Side view of the same.
Fig.1. shows in the form of line diagram the vertical load bearing structure l of a building as-sumed to be very high, along which the formwork bearer 3 provided with formwork shell 4 can be lifted by inching movement to the height of the uppermos~ceiling 2 /not shown in the drawing/, Similar line diagram shows in Fig.2. the order of downward construction of the ceilings 2, that tal<es place by gradual downward inching movement of the continuous, complete formworlc bearer 3 provided with formworlc shell 4 along the vertical load bearing structures l. The formwork bearer 3 started form and arriving at the ground level 12, finally can be dismantled and used again.

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: ,' . . ' ' .' ' . .' . . ' : ~ ,, ~ ;~773L5~3 The front and side views of detail "A" marl<ed in Fig.l. are shown in Fig.3. and 4., when the form-work bearer 3 is lifted with inching movement, The movement i5 carried out by the controlled coaction of the li~ting units 7, releasable hinged bearers 9 and s~orey- high intermediate members 8, The intermediate members 8 form the forced tra~ectory for the formworlc bearer 3 moved by lifting units 7, In this case the intermediate members 8 are designed in ~he ~orm of suspension bars 8a. The formwork be~rer 3 is generally a simple light framework supple-mented with bear frame 5 supported by lifting units 7 in the positions of li~ting, as well as with connecting elements 6 increasing the local stability of the formworlc bearer 3 in the position of lifting, and transmitting ; the forces transferred by the temporary supporting bars ~, 10.
: ~, -~ The releasable hinged bearer 9 fixed to the vertical load bearing structure 1 suspended along the upper ends of the suspension bars 8a is shown in Fig.3.
and 4, Fig,4, clearly shows the arrangement of the suspension bars 8a connected in pairs to ths releasable hinged bearer shaped as roclcer and their connection to the bear frame 5 sitting on lifting units 7, Z5 Upon commencement of the inching movement, the temporary supporting bars 10 ad~oining similarly the vertical load bearing structure 1 along stool 13, '' ' ' :::
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_ 13 , support the formwork bearer 3 in its i~tial position.
When the hydraulically or mechanically functioning liFting unit 7 starts to work, it pushes the ~orm-worl< bearer ~ upwards by bear frame 5, while the temporary supporting bars 10 losing their role remain vertically suspended below the formworlc bearer 3.
Meanwhle the releasable hinged bearer 9 i9 engaged with the vertical load bearing structure 1 in fixed position, and similarly stationary are suspension bars 8a forming the forced trajectory of the upward inching movement for the formwork bearer 3.
The lifting units are arranged suitably in pairs at each lifting point, In the end position of the lifting stroke they hold the formwork bearer 3 unt~l it is supported again by the vertical load bearing ~ structure 1 with the aid of the temporary bearers 10.
- This work- phase is shown in the upper part of Fig.3.
Naturally the force transmitting connection between the releasable hinged bearers 9 and the ver-tical load bearing structure 1 has to be terminated before the further upward inching movement of the form-work bearer 3, and the releasable hinged bearers 9 are fixed to the vertical load bearing structure 1 in their higher position.
Fig,5, and 6. ~hown the downward inching move-ment in front and side view respectively. This is the explanation of detail "B" marked in Fig,2, It shows .
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completion of the ceiling 2 and Dt can be used for lowering the formwork bearer 3. In this case the suspension bars 8a are suspended on the already finished and solidified ceiling 2 with the aid of clamps 11.
rhe lifting units 7 supporting the bear frame 5start out of their upper extreme position as shown in Fig,5. and ~. Prior to the inching movement the loads of the formworl< bearer 3 are transferred by the temporary supporting bars 10 through stool 13 to the vertical load bearing struc~ure 1. In the interest of the downward movement naturally the force ~ransmitting connection between the temporary supporting bars lO and stool 13 has to be terminated. As a result, the temporary supporting bars 10 remain again suspended below the fcrm-work bearer 3.
Upon actuation of the lifting units 7 the latter ones are lowered~along the suspension bars 8a. Together with those are lowered the bear frame 5 and the supported formwork bearer 3, The suspension bars 8a remain in fixed position and form the forced tra~ectory of the downward inching movement, Upon completion of the lowerlng - i,e.
in the lower extreme posltion of the stroke of the lifting units 7 - the formwork bearer ~ stops, and with the aid of the temporary supporting bars lO it can be supp~ted again by the vertical load bearing structure 1 throush stool 13.
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,,' 7~L53 _ 15 LOwering of the formwork bearer with above method can be carried out with intermittent inching movement as the earlier mentioned lifting process, The intermediate members 8- formed either as sus-pension bars 8a or supporting bars 8b - should be storey- high in order to realize the inching movement between the two adjacent levels without reassembly of the connection between the lifting units and the formworl< bearer 3.
According to another construction of the apparatus according to the invention the role of the intermediate members 8 is filled in by the supporting bars 8b. The front and side yiews of the upward inching movement are shown in Fig,7, and 8, respec-; 15 tively, The liftins unit 7 exerts the lifting force to the formwork bearer 3 through the bear frame 5 and connecting elements 6, The supporting bar 8b serves for the forced trajiectory of the movement, which in this case is not suspended to the vertical ~; 20 load bearing structure 1 of the building, but it rests on it, The lifting unit 7 - similarly as in the former example- moves upwards along the supporting bars 8b, while it pushes the formwork bearer 3 above itself.
Thus the formwork bearer 3 too moves upwards along the supporting bar 8b according to the stroke of the lifting unit 7, In the initial position shown on the lower ,:

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part of Fig.7. and 8., the temporary supporting bars 10 first rest on the releasable hinged bearers 9 fixed to the vertical load bearing structure 1, then since in the course of the upward movement of the Formworl< bearer 3 their supporting role is no longer needed, they swing lnto vertical position shown with dashed line in the drawing.
When the formwork bearer 3 arrives at the higher position~ it can be fixed again to the vertical load bearing structure 1 with the aid oF the temporary supporting bars 10 and releasable hinged bearers 9.
The formwork bearer 3 in this higher position together with the other parts of the actuating mechanism is shown on the upper part of Fig.7. and 8.
- 15 Fig.9. and 10. show lii<ewise the ~onstruction with supporting bars 8b, but in this case the lowering by inching movement, The upper part of Fig.9. and 10.
shows the initial position, and the lower part of the same drawings shows the condition after lowering. The zo formwork bearer 3 sits on the lifting units 7 by way of the bear frame 5 and the connecting elements S.
The lifting unit 7 moves down along the sup-porting member 8b a~ forced tra~ectory according to its etroke, while it pull~ along the formworl< bearer 3.
The formwork shell 4 arranged on the formwork bearer 3 separàtes from the completed ceiling 2 and thus the . . .

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~77~L5~3 _ 17 formwork is automatically removed. As it can be observed in Fig~g~ there is no need for clamps 11, because the completed ceiling 2 is not used for its downward inching movement, The structural design of the apparatus accor-ding to the invention makes the lifting and lowering operations of the formwork bearer 3 simple and productive.
Since the vertical load bearing structure 1 of the building, generally the pillars are used ~or both lo operations, hence these have to be built in the first phase of the construction.
Similarly in the first phaæ of the construction is the internal reinforcing core of the building built, e.g. thestaircase or elevator shaft, serving for the horizontal stability. Thereafter the formwork bearer 3 and the supported formwork shell 4 are assembled in the second phase of the construction. In accordance with the order of the downward construction of the ceiling the formwork bearer 3 is lifted to the height of the uppermost ceiling 2.
During concreting of the ceiling 2 the formworlc bearer 3 i9 fixed to the vertical load bearing structure 1 with the aid of temporary supporting bars lO, This support is maintained until the ceiling 2 reaches the strength required for remov~ of the ~rmwork, This is followed by lowering the complete formwork bearer 3-without any disassembly - along the intermediate members ., . .,, , , :
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~ 18 8 with the aid of lifting units 7 to the position corresponding to the level of the next ceiling 2.
After lowering, the formworl< bearer 3 is stabilized in relation to the vertical load bearing structure l with the aid of the ~emporary supporting bars 10, and the intermediate members 8 are reassambled below the next ceiling to be built, to be available again for the next downward inching movement. This sequence of operations is repeated cyclically until the last ceiling is completed. Then the formworl< bearer 3 is dismantled.
The inching movement of the formw~rk bearer 3 as a comprehensive whole is carried out in the course ~ of lifting and lowering with the aid of theso called - 15 automatic height compensator. The automatic height compensation is attained with a conventional synchronizer not subject of the invention.
The synchronizer functions in such a manner, that the next movement after a certain phase of the inching movement can take place only when all the lifting units 7 performed the requlred lifting or lowering movement~
The synchronizing process of nothing else but the co-ordinated realization of the intermittent step by step movement /inching/ of the whole formwork bearer. The lifting unit~ 7 are operated either hydraulically or mechanically .

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The apparatus and the process according to the invention are applicable to advantage for the construc-tion of supported ceiling- structural or pillar- supported slceleton building with optional spacing and number of levels, Complete ceiling panel the size of which is fixed or in given case exceeding the size fixed by the vertical load bearing structures 1, e.g. pillars, can be built with monolithic technology easier, quiclcer and in a more simple way than with the methods used so far. The significance of the method is accentuated first of all by the fact, that the most labour- demanding process of the monolithic construction, i.e. the casing and scaffolding become considerably more efficient. Substantial is the saving in the casing material, which is consequent upon utili-zation several times of the casing materials.
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Claims (12)

1. Apparatus for the construction of monolithic ceilings, particularly for monolithic ceilings of multi-level or pillar-framed buildings having suspended ceilings, said apparatus is provided with surface- and in given case working level-forming formwork shell surrounding the monolithic concrete form- space of the ceilings formwork bearer supporting the formwork shell, furthermore actuating mechanisms, such as lifting units for lifting and lowering the formwork bearer, the actuating mechanisms, such as lifting units are in force-transmitting connection directly or indirectly with a certain part, such as, pillars of the temporary or permanent vertical load bearing structures of the building, load bearing elements, such as bearing frame, connecting member, etc., are built in between the formwork bearer and the lifting units, the lifting units are interconnected preferably with storey- high intermediate members -forming forced trajectory for the formwork bearer, and the intermediate members are provided with releasable hinged bearers fixed to the vertical load bearing structure temporarily holding and temporarily releasing the intermediate members to allow an inching movement of the lifting units

2 The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the intermediate members are vertical suspensions bars suspended on releasable hinged bearers, suitable for intermittent upward inching movement of the formwork bearer

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the intermediate members are vertical supporting bars resting on the releasable hinged bearers and suitable for the intermittent lowering of the formwork bearer.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the supporting bars are provided with clamp serving for connection between the completed ceiling and intermedi-ate members.

5. The apparatus of any one of claims 1,2 or 3, wherein temporary supporting bars are built in between the formwork bearer and releasable hinged bearers to support the formwork bearer during its lifting.

6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1,2 or 3, wherein the releasable hinged bearers are formed by unfolding pairs of rockers.

7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1,2 or 3, wherein the lifting unit and intermediate member are interconnected with screw joint.

8. The apparatus of any one claims 1,2 or 3, wherein the lifting unit and intermediate member are interconnected with friction joint, such as a clamp jaw.

9. A process for the construction of monolithic ceilings, particularly for monolithic ceilings of multi-level or pillar- framed buildings having suspended ceilings, where the ceilings are built on the surface- and in given case on working- level- forming formwork shell surrounding the form- space of the ceilings, the formwork shell is supported with formwork bearer, lifted and lowered by actuating mechanisms, such as lifting units along vertical load bearing structures, such as pillars of the building built prior to production of the ceilings, and the ceilings are built in the order of moving downwards supported by the vertical load bearing structures, characterized in that in the first phase of the construction, in addition to the vertical load bearing structures, such as pillars, the core of the building, such as staircase or elevator shaft serving for the horizontal stability, in given case the structural parts suitable for suspension of the ceilings ar also built up, then in the second phase of the construction first the formwork shell and the supporting formwork bearer are assembled and lifted along the pillars to the level of the uppermost ceiling, where it is accurately adjusted, and fixed for example with temporary supporting bars, then the ceiling is built, upon reaching the strength of the concrete for removal of the formwork, the temporary fixing is released and the formwork bearer is lowered to the level of the next ceiling with the aid of lifting units inching preferably along storey-high intermediate members serving for forced trajectory of the formwork bearer, then after adjustment in the new position it is fixed again for example with temporary supporting bars followed by moving the intermediate members serving for forced trajectory-below the ceiling to be b-lilt with the aid of lifting units, the sequence or processes is repeated cyclically until the last ceiling is completed, finally the formwork bearer is dismantled and the aids used for its actuation are removed.

10. The process of claim 9, wherein the intermediate members are suspended on releasable hinged bearers fixed to the vertical load bearing structure, such as pillars of the building, and the formwork bearer is lifted with intermittent movement along the intermediate members filling in the role of suspension bars to the level of the uppermost ceiling.

11. The process of claim 9, wherein the intermediate members are connected to releasable hinged bearers fixed to the vertical load bearing structure, such as pillars of the building, then the formwork bearer is lifted with intermittent movement along the intermediate members filling in the role of supporting bars to the level of the uppermost ceiling.

12. The process of any one of claims 9,10 or 11, wherein following the solidification of the concrete of each ceiling the intermediate members are suspended temporarily on the completed ceiling with the aid of clamp, and by lowering the formwork bearer with the lifting units, the formwork of the completed ceiling is removed.