CA1275796C - Anti-freeze and snow and ice removing agent based on waste products for alcohol industry - Google Patents
Anti-freeze and snow and ice removing agent based on waste products for alcohol industryInfo
- Publication number
- CA1275796C CA1275796C CA000501002A CA501002A CA1275796C CA 1275796 C CA1275796 C CA 1275796C CA 000501002 A CA000501002 A CA 000501002A CA 501002 A CA501002 A CA 501002A CA 1275796 C CA1275796 C CA 1275796C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- snow
- composition
- tho
- ice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 108010053481 Antifreeze Proteins Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- -1 river-gravel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002337 magnesium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100215135 Aspergillus oryzae (strain ATCC 42149 / RIB 40) aclL gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000725101 Clea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100270435 Mus musculus Arhgef12 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002407 Solanum quitoense Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=S)(OC)OC MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 3-chloropropanoate Chemical compound ClCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012113 quantitative test Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBWSWDPRDBEWCR-RKJRWTFHSA-N sodium;(2r)-2-[(2r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-2h-furan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethanolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O RBWSWDPRDBEWCR-RKJRWTFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/18—Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
- C09K3/185—Thawing materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H10/00—Improving gripping of ice-bound or other slippery traffic surfaces, e.g. using gritting or thawing materials ; Roadside storage of gritting or solid thawing materials; Permanently installed devices for applying gritting or thawing materials; Mobile apparatus specially adapted for treating wintry roads by applying liquid, semi-liquid or granular materials
- E01H10/007—Mobile apparatus specially adapted for preparing or applying liquid or semi-liquid thawing material or spreading granular material on wintry roads
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to an anti-freeze composition and preparation for making surfaces free of snow and ice, comprising in an amount of 20 to 90% by weight a waste concentrate of alcohol distilling industry, having a dry-substance content of 200 to 750 g/kg, in admixture with 10 to 80% by weight of water and optionally with additives. The composition is neither detrimental to environment nor does it exhibit any corrosive effect, and it can be used under optional weather conditions. It uniformly cools the surface to be melted and preserves the road surface.
The invention relates to an anti-freeze composition and preparation for making surfaces free of snow and ice, comprising in an amount of 20 to 90% by weight a waste concentrate of alcohol distilling industry, having a dry-substance content of 200 to 750 g/kg, in admixture with 10 to 80% by weight of water and optionally with additives. The composition is neither detrimental to environment nor does it exhibit any corrosive effect, and it can be used under optional weather conditions. It uniformly cools the surface to be melted and preserves the road surface.
Description
~275~
~NTI-FREEZE COMPOSITION SUIT~BLE FOR ~I~KING SURFACES
FREE OF SNOW l~ND ICE
This inven-tion relates to an anti-free~e composition suitable for making surfaces free of snow and ice and to a method for making road sur-faces free of sno~ and ice, I-t is known that in the development of public traffic the road system and network generally constitute a bottle-neck and in winter season the perviousness of roads is further reduced; this fact causes jams and block in rush-hour traffic and in-volves risks of accidents, For this reason, in the winter cleaning of roads, in addi-tion to mechanical 1~, removal of snow, chemical methods are used, too, ~9 chemical agents particularly chloricde salts are used, in the first place sodium, magnesium and calcium chloride, These chloride salts are used eitller per se in solid forln or in solut:ion or in aclmi~ture wi-th sand or other granular substances, These materials are very strongly detrimental to the environment~
partieular:Ly for tht-~ follow:in~ :roasol!,Y:
~ Oy t.~ L~ ;J1,~ ;O:L~ `L~l;t~) tho phyS.I.Oa.l. p:r.`OL)O~ i.O,':I thorool' LllCI lllalCo tho soil allcalino;
- -they dalllcLge the surraco wat,ors as a result of tho i.noroase ol`-tho salt; concontra-tion;
- thoy dalllclge the vogcotat:ion particularly 367LI-~120-P'r because the salts ge-t in contaet with the plants and are absorbed via the root-sys-tem and as a resul-t of these effects the grass and lirees may be completely e~ter minated along the public roads.
The salts applied onto the roads in order to melt the snow and ice cause huge damages all over the worlcl to vehicles, eonerete eoating, steel eonerete eonstruetive works ar~d metallie objeets plaeed in the soil (e.g gas pipeline) as a result of the corrosive effect.
In technical literature a large n~umber of artieles and publications deals wi-th the problems of making roads free of snow and iee These publieations relate also to the meehanieal aspeets of this problem and variou.s equipments are diseussed in detail It is further suggested to replaee ealeiwll ehloride, magne-sium chloride and sodi~ull ehloride by an~loniu~l sulfate, ammoniutn nitrate, amtnoniurn ehloride and urea. However, from the~e substanees only urea is not detrilllen-tal to environlnorlt but it ~ l Voly oxp~ l.vc~ nlL~tQnl.Lll ~ee~rcl~ , t~ t.~ Ilt~ ElL~c)ll~lY llr~ 1YQO~ a~
ust~cl as al1ti-freeYQ agerlts ~lthough tho~o ~ul-stanees are not eorrosivt~, they arQ vt~ry C~pOLlSiVO~ COrtaill aleohols and clyeols are inflanullablo and whon getting into sew~ge-wclt~r they neecl a high allloumt of` oxygt~n for their biological deconlpositiorl Aceording -to the ~ritish patent speeifiea-tion No 1,463,401 an anti-freQze eolnposition eonsist-~2~5'79 ing of the follol~ing four componen-ts is disclosed:
(1) an alkali metal, all~aline ear-th metal or ammo-ni-un nitratQ or chlorido;
~NTI-FREEZE COMPOSITION SUIT~BLE FOR ~I~KING SURFACES
FREE OF SNOW l~ND ICE
This inven-tion relates to an anti-free~e composition suitable for making surfaces free of snow and ice and to a method for making road sur-faces free of sno~ and ice, I-t is known that in the development of public traffic the road system and network generally constitute a bottle-neck and in winter season the perviousness of roads is further reduced; this fact causes jams and block in rush-hour traffic and in-volves risks of accidents, For this reason, in the winter cleaning of roads, in addi-tion to mechanical 1~, removal of snow, chemical methods are used, too, ~9 chemical agents particularly chloricde salts are used, in the first place sodium, magnesium and calcium chloride, These chloride salts are used eitller per se in solid forln or in solut:ion or in aclmi~ture wi-th sand or other granular substances, These materials are very strongly detrimental to the environment~
partieular:Ly for tht-~ follow:in~ :roasol!,Y:
~ Oy t.~ L~ ;J1,~ ;O:L~ `L~l;t~) tho phyS.I.Oa.l. p:r.`OL)O~ i.O,':I thorool' LllCI lllalCo tho soil allcalino;
- -they dalllcLge the surraco wat,ors as a result of tho i.noroase ol`-tho salt; concontra-tion;
- thoy dalllclge the vogcotat:ion particularly 367LI-~120-P'r because the salts ge-t in contaet with the plants and are absorbed via the root-sys-tem and as a resul-t of these effects the grass and lirees may be completely e~ter minated along the public roads.
The salts applied onto the roads in order to melt the snow and ice cause huge damages all over the worlcl to vehicles, eonerete eoating, steel eonerete eonstruetive works ar~d metallie objeets plaeed in the soil (e.g gas pipeline) as a result of the corrosive effect.
In technical literature a large n~umber of artieles and publications deals wi-th the problems of making roads free of snow and iee These publieations relate also to the meehanieal aspeets of this problem and variou.s equipments are diseussed in detail It is further suggested to replaee ealeiwll ehloride, magne-sium chloride and sodi~ull ehloride by an~loniu~l sulfate, ammoniutn nitrate, amtnoniurn ehloride and urea. However, from the~e substanees only urea is not detrilllen-tal to environlnorlt but it ~ l Voly oxp~ l.vc~ nlL~tQnl.Lll ~ee~rcl~ , t~ t.~ Ilt~ ElL~c)ll~lY llr~ 1YQO~ a~
ust~cl as al1ti-freeYQ agerlts ~lthough tho~o ~ul-stanees are not eorrosivt~, they arQ vt~ry C~pOLlSiVO~ COrtaill aleohols and clyeols are inflanullablo and whon getting into sew~ge-wclt~r they neecl a high allloumt of` oxygt~n for their biological deconlpositiorl Aceording -to the ~ritish patent speeifiea-tion No 1,463,401 an anti-freQze eolnposition eonsist-~2~5'79 ing of the follol~ing four componen-ts is disclosed:
(1) an alkali metal, all~aline ear-th metal or ammo-ni-un nitratQ or chlorido;
(2) sodi~n benzoate~ sodiwm bichromate, sodium tri~
polyphosphate, sodiwll he~ametaphosphatie~ sodi~un hydrogen phosphate~ sodilull ferrocyanide or zinc sulfate;
polyphosphate, sodiwll he~ametaphosphatie~ sodi~un hydrogen phosphate~ sodilull ferrocyanide or zinc sulfate;
(3) glycine and ~4) an al~ali metal nitrite, According to the US patent specification No, 4,153,473 calcium nitrite is used for mabing roads and bridges free of snow and ice, In the DOS No, 2,364,491 a composition comprising a film-forming component (e.g. the distilla-l~ t:ion residue of natural fatty acids) and a hydrophobicsolvent component is described, the said composition being usable against icing and adhesion and bein~
applicable by spraying a-t temperatures not lo~or -than -25 C, 2~ The replacement of chenlical substances used against slipperiness by materials not oausln~ any onv-.Lronlllcnltt,~l pol.Luli:i.oll ha.~ noli l)oon ,YOI.VO(l ,YO .I.`ar, 'I.`ll.i.g IlltaLl'll.y (~ ;]10 Illt.~lly.L'C)I.~l .rOtl'l.~.i.:l,'OIIlOn'liS lillO .YEli.(l nlaloria:Ls llrusl; conll)ly ~ili]l, 'I`ho fol:L(>~:Lng ro~ ilrolllotlls 2~ aro of prilllary inlpoLtanco: SLlLl;l~l)lo ~alior solul~il:iliy;
cllotlp ava:i:Lal)illliy un indlls~rial scalo; nlin:illlal risks of cr:)rros:i.oll arml orlv:i.rotllllontal pollution; applicabiliiiy by moans of kno~n t-nd gollolally uso~ oquiplllollts otc. On ~2~
Ll the other hand, the kno~n materials and m~thods are acco~paniec1 by -th~ coll~non dra~bQck that they con;prise components causing environmental pollutio1l and of-ten e~hibiting carcinogenic effect and for this reason the kno~n substances and procedures do not comply with modern specifications for the protection of environ-ment and hence can not be used on public roads.
It is the object of the present invention to overcome the dra~backs of the known solutions and to provide an anti-freeze composition suitable for making surfaces free of sno-~ and ice ~hich fully meet the above requirements, namely it is ~ater-soluble, cheaply and readily available in large quantities, i9 not corrosive and does not cause environmental l~ pollution.
The invention is based on the recognition that the distillation residue (the so-called ~aste concentrate) obtained on the distillation of the so-called malt 5~ill being formed in larg~ quanti-ties as distillation residue in the courso of indus-trial-scalo alcohol nl.ln~ll`aclil1r:lnfl; ploo~duro .YIn~rliLrl~!;
frolll o~ olly~ lw ~ L~ 111 anti-froe~.o agonl ol` oulistilrldin~ pLor)ort:i.os; 1;llo sa:Ld "~aste concol1-tratie" is ont:iroly noutrc-ll, o~h:i-2~ bits allt:l-col1rosivo offect, morcovot i.t anta~oni~ies the corro~ive offect of sint-lltaneou~ly u90d solid salts or ~olid mixtures of salt and SallCi and a-lditional-ly, duc to its protcin content~ i-t e~erts cveLI an anti-~ %7S~9~
slip and adhesion-increasing effect According to the present invention there is provided an anti-freeze composition for making sur-faces free of snow and ice, comprising in an amoun-t of 20 to 90 ,0 by weight a waste concentrate of al-cohol distilling industry, having a dry-substance content of 200 to 750 g/k~, in admixture with l0 to 80 ~ by weight of water and optionally with additives.
According to a preferable aspect of the present invention the anti-freeze composition com-prises waste concentrate obtained in the course of distilling alcohol manufacture starting from molasses As additive e.~. the following substances may be usod: sodium chloride, calcium chloride~
l~ pOtaSsi~1 chloride, magnesium chloride, urea, sand, river-gravel, cinders and/or sawdust or surfactants having a HLB-value be-t~een 6 and 12, particularly between 8 and l0 (I-ILB = hydrophilic-lypophilic ba-lance), The compositions of the present invention are excellently suitahlo a9 ant:L-rr(30~C E~Onli al~cl .for IllLlki.116' road~ brLc1~o~ or olho1r .Yurl`1~oo~ o of .YIIOW al:ld :Loo ~ccorcl:ing lio a furt11or aspcct of the prcsont invention -therc is provided a process for 1llaking road 2~ surfaces free of sno~ and ico, whi.oh co111prisos apply-ing tho composltLon of the presont invontion onto the said road surfaoe. The oomposition n1ay be preforably appLied onto t11o road surfaoe from moving vchioles in ~27~
an amount of 0 0~ -to 0.4 1/m2 The waste concentrate of aleohol distilling inclustry usecl QS active subs-tance in the composition of the present inven-tion is the by-product of molasses-based alcohol manufac-turing procedure In the course of alcohol manllfacturing the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) added to carbohydrate-con-taining~ raw materials converts the carbohydrate eon-tent thereof to aleohol in a fermenta-tion proeedure.
As a result of fermentation a mash eomprising 8 to 10 $ by weight of aleohol, 1 1 to 1 3 $ by weight of yeast and 0 1 to 0.3 ~ by weight of residual earbohydrate is obtained. The yeast is separatecl and the mash free of yeast thus obtained i~ distilled 1~ off Then the crucle aleohol thus ol-tained is subjeet-ed to reetifieation After distillation a molasses swill having a dry substanee eontent of 8 to 11 $
by weight is obtained; this produet eontains all the nutritive materials originally present in molasses, with tlle ~xeeption of sugar~ and also the organie substanees formed ducing fe~ rltat:ion bc~s:iclc~ thc 11-eohol The cl:i:Lulo(l IIIOLLI.~I.SO.'I .~w.l..l.,l. :L~ ovaL!o~ L;(Icl I.n VLICUIO arl(l (;110 ool-lool-ll;ral;o(l swilL l;l~us olli;alllod :Ls put on -the markot unclor tho eolluuorei.lL natllc~ VlN~SZ
2~ The eompos:iti.on of the saicl procluet Illay va~y between the following ranges:
dry substaneo 1100-700 ~/k~
organie substance 1100-600 g/k~`
~27~ 36 crude protoin100-250 g/kg as-h 100-250 g/kg Ca 8-15 g/kg Na 15-30 g/kg K 60-80 g/kg ~Ig 1-3 g/k~
Cu, P~ S, Fe~ ~In~ Znbelow 5 g/kg Tho main advantages of the composition according to the present invention may be sut~larized O as follows:
a) It is not detrimental to the environment.
b) When admi~ed with an equal volume of water it is liquid at a temperature of -24 C ancl thus can be appli.ed onto the surface to be treated Ci in the form of Q spray c) When applied onto the road surface it fi~es and immohiliæes the solid materials applied onto the road before freezing and for -this rt-~ason thc said agents carl not be swept away by wind or the air cur-rent of vehicle traffic. Thus the re~uired amount ofsolid substances per uni.t of rt)acl ~L~rfLIQ~ clt~c:coa li tlll il/l ~ o(l 1111(10.1;` o~ )llt~ 1Ot-l'lilL~
c~ollcli.li.Lo~ all~l otlr~ o roa(l:L.Ly alld o.~acli:l.y appl.i.od i.n iille dosirocl conoontrtlti.t n, 2r-i e) I:t is ull:;.. fc):rlll:Ly d-.sli~ ilJu1iod on tlle t:realiocl ~'~I:L'rt.100.
f) Ge-ttin~ .i.llSide f:L`OIII the SUL'rt10~` it ~ra-d~mlly mclts snow .and ico, the surface of 9~
A
the coating is uniformly cooled and the temperature deviations in vertical and horizontal directions are smaller than in the case of known an-tifreeze COlllpOSi-tions, For this reason the liquid l~ater still present in the capillary tubes of the non-frozen concrete layer is not abruptly cooled and the "peeling" de-terioration of the road occurring on the use of the knotin compositions due to the jerky and abrupt heat e~traction may be avoidedO
g) The composition of the present invention is lot corrosive, this being a significant advantage over known compositions which cause very serious damages to the me-tallic parts of the vehicles and to the road su:rface because of the corrosive effect 1,~ t her eo f .
h) The composition may be applied in the form of a solution and for this reason the spraying vehicle can treat in one course a larger area or a longer road-section and the speed is also consider-ably higher (it can reach the valuo of 50 knl/ll), i) Tlle ct)nlpos:i. t:Lo~ an l)o .Y'lO'l.'Od :I.n op-t:Lon.l:L vo.Yso:L.Y~
l~u:rtller dcta:Lls of tlle prcscnt invorltLon a:rQ
to be found ln tho following ~amples w.Lthout lilll:Lting the scopo of prot~ction -to theso ~amples, Tho waste concentrate of alcohol distilling industry used in the E~alllples i.s of the following com-position:
~27~i7~
dry substance 700 g/kg organic substanco 600 g/kg ash lO0 g/kg Ca lO ~/kg 5 Na 20 g/kg K 80 g/kg S 3 g/kg Fe 300 mg/kg p l g/kg lO ~1n 30 mg/kg Zn 20 mg/kg Examplo 1 In the place of calci.um chloride hitherto used l 5 tons (34 ~0 by weight) of sodium chloride rock-salt pre-sieved on a 5 n~ sieve, l 5 tons (34 ~0 by weight) of pre-sieved rivor-gravel, l ton (23 $
by weight) of waste concentra-te (clry subs-tance con-tent 70 ~ by weight) 0 5 m3 (9 $ by weight) of water are introd1lced into the sprinlcling vessel of a ~NICAR
2/2 11lac1lin~ (F~l~:c~ p1lL).1.~ y) ~ L~ 3~1 wi1;11 ..a U.N :1.5 1y1)a wr~ a.Lli-.YL~ Lar~ a ro~
r ~co ~ .L~ O r lo ~ L~t~ 2; t~
sprinkling width an1o-lr1ts to 8 nl, Tho rocL~ ~url`aco i9 con1pletoly un:ir~r111ly covoro-1 a~ show11 by the light b:rown colou:r of` tho conc~nt:rate.
Tll(,` colllpo~:li.tion l;hl:~.g o~t~L:in~l i9 colllpletoly ~27~
suita.bLo for rep1acinÆ caLciu~ chLorido, moreovr3r it is clea.rLy supcrior to calciurn chLoridr3 frorn the poin-t of viel~ (>f bo-th envi.ronmentaL polLution a,nd eo.rrosion.
E~a.~pLe 2 The removaL of hoa,r-frost is carried out by usin~ a. sprir~cLing a.nd watering-ca.rt (typ0 NID0, Nethr3rLands). A L:2 rnixture of undiLuted waste con-centrate ol a.LcohoL distiLLing industry (dry sub-stanee eontent 70 % by weight) a.nd rock-saLt is appLied L0 onto tha roa.d surfa.ce. After sprinkLing -the roa.d sur-face shol~s its originaL bLack coLour and this proves that the co~posi.tion according to the present inven-tion is perfectLy suita.bl.e fo.r the repLacement of the hithr3rto usr3d cflLcium chLoridr3.
L5 E~a.mpLe 3 In order to eompLeteLy repLace sodiwn chLoride the foLLow-i.n~ tests are carried out by using a series o~ diLutions of waste concon.tra,te of aLcohoL
distiLling inc]ustry.
Wa.ste coneen-trate of aLcohol dis-tiLLin~
inr~ustry (diLut;ion to 60 and ,~0 ~, by woi.f~;lLt o.r dry SLL'~9~ 0(~ )o~ .v~'l.y) .1~ t.~ o.~l,o,l~-n::l.L tonll>c~l~almro oL' -'LO ;lo l;o ~ ) 0111 l;hl.clc s. now-slloot;
~i.tho~lt .Iny a(lclit:ivo. In oi.aclL Cil.So l;hc3 arotl o. tho 2~ t.r~atr3d rof.l,d soetion is 20.L~ m . Tho rn(3Ltin~ r3ffoet;
of tho eon1p(-~si.tiOns o.L' th.r3 prescnl; invonl;i.on is Conl-pu..re(] to tha'; Or tho h.i.thcrto u90d Icno~n nlixtu.~3 or industriaL saLt a.nd sa.ncl. It h.l.s bcorl founcl that tho ~2'75~6 - LL
melting offoct of th~ composition havitlg a dry sub-stance content of ~0 7I by ~ei6ht is identicaL with that of -the known m i:2{t;ure of saLt a.nd sand both in the duration of eff~ct and the s-tren~,th of activity.
'~ The cornposition of the present invention ha.ving a dry subs tance content of 60 % by weight exhibits the melting effect one hour and a half earLier than the known industrial saLt - sand mixture. Morcover, the said co.~position havinO a. dry substance content of 60 L0 ~lo by wei~ht is active evsn at a tempera-ture as lo~ as -L3.6 C, ~rhiLe the melting effect of the .known mix-ture of industriaL saLt and sand sLows compLeteLy down at -7 C . The cos ts of the use o:f the compo-sition acco.r(ling to the invention are onLy the ha.Lf L~ of thoss of the known rnixture of industriaL sa.Lt and s and .
Exampl.e 4 Wa.ter fro~Gen on tho surface of bitumerl is meLt in a. cLima chamber a.t a tempe.rature of -~ C by 20 usin~ the foLlowinL,P composition:
W~ste concontrrll;c3 havlrl~ n ~ y .~,'JI.1.1').Y~ CO
conl;ell.l; o:l' 7t) ',t, hy woi~ 't/, by wcLGIlt ~ato.r 20 t/lo Iby woi,,l1t Woocl-:L`Lour ( .lvc.ra~o par t ic Lo 2~ sizo L mlrl) L0 % by wo:igllt Sarld (a.voL~ ;o part:iclo si.7~0 ]. mrrl) 20 ~lo by WOi~Pllt In tllo wa.-tor (20 ~/~, b,~ WCi[,tlt) 0.2 '~0 by ~2.7~
weight of a, hydrophobizing lauric acid poLygl~coL
oster (IILB vrlluc 10.2) is dissolvr3d.
As a result of the treatment the ice layer formed on the surfa-e of bitum-3n is very rapidly ~nelted.
ExampLe 5 One p.rocesds accordin,, to Example 4, with th3 difference that the follo~ing composition is used:
Waste concentra.te (dry substance content 70 ~o by l~-eight) 40 ~lo by waight Water 3~ % by weight River sand (a.verage particle size 1 mm) 20 'lo by weigh-t 15 Urea ~ $ by weight The results are similar to those obta,ined in Example /~.
:Exan1pLe 6 The corrosi.ve side-effect of the composi-tion according to thc invontion i.s testocl on ironplates (si r~o lOOx200x,5 ~11111 ) . 'I`ilO p lr:~ to~ ~,1"0 Llnll~o `~0C
intO a 'O r~.',l)y wc~:L~ i, sod~ tll clll.or:l.clo ~c)LutLon, on tho one hand, ancl into a ~asto concon-t.rr~,-tc (dry substanco contorlt: 50 % by woi~ht) accordillg to tho 2~ invontion~ on tllo othor h..ln-l. On tho surfaoo of tho iron plntos :imllle.;sod into tho sc){liurll chLorido soLution a -thi.ck rust lrlycr is forme~ alre.~dy after throe days, ~hile tho surfrlco of tho i.ron plates in1mersod intc> ~he ~27S~
~ L3 -waste concen-trate ~ceording to the invention remained colnpLeteLy uncLlanged a.nd uneffected even after L4 .ilonths.
Quantitative tests ara car.ried ouk in a saL-t spray chamber by using a. sodium chLoride solution having a conct-~ntration of 5 % by weight. The Loss of weight measured aft~3r 3 days amounts to L5 $ by weight, L0 % by weight and 0 % by weight, respec-ti~eLy, by using a sodiu~ chLoride soLution, a caLcium L0 chLoride soLution and the waste eoncentrate aceording to the invention (dry substanee content 50 $ by weight), respoctiveL-;. Tho weight of rust reLated to one sur-faco unit amounts to 60 g/m , 50 g/m , 40 g/m and 0 g/rn2, respeetiveLy, when using a L $ by weight sodium L5 ehLoride soLution, a L % by weight magnesiurn ehLoride soLution, a L % by weight eaLeiwn ehLo.ride soLution and ths waste eoneentra.te aeeording to the prssent invention, respeetiveLy.
ExampLe 7 In order to prove tho e:ffieienoy of a Lowor tlet.Lvo in~.,sotli~lLt c()tl.oo~ tll;Loll 1 I;o~l; Ls ot.l.L-ri.~.l out by usi.ng ;l Wtl~o oolloelltrato hlvi.tlt; a clry sub~taneo content of 240 g/kg at an oxte.rllLIL tt-~!nporat~lro of -4 C. The co1nposition is sprayo(:l onto a :rrosh Layer of snow (cleptll ~ em) at a rate of o.6 L/m . The snow Layer 1neLts within L2 minutos.
Exa1npLe 8 ~L~7S796 _ L4 -A series of experiments is carried out in a cLima chamber at ~ temperature of -~ C in order to test the activity of the composition according to the invention in preventing the adhesion of coaL
powder (particLe size ~-L0 mm).
The waLL of the storing ~esseL is sprayed with a rnixt~re of waste concentrate diLuted to 60 %
by weight and admixed with L0 % by weight of wood fLuor (particLe size L mm) and L % by weight of a L0 hydrophobizing tenside (HLB vaLue 10.2). The cornpo-sition is added to the coaL powder in an amount of 3 g/kg. The composition successfuLLy inhibits the adhesion of the coaL po~der without decreasing the heating vaLue of the coaL.
applicable by spraying a-t temperatures not lo~or -than -25 C, 2~ The replacement of chenlical substances used against slipperiness by materials not oausln~ any onv-.Lronlllcnltt,~l pol.Luli:i.oll ha.~ noli l)oon ,YOI.VO(l ,YO .I.`ar, 'I.`ll.i.g IlltaLl'll.y (~ ;]10 Illt.~lly.L'C)I.~l .rOtl'l.~.i.:l,'OIIlOn'liS lillO .YEli.(l nlaloria:Ls llrusl; conll)ly ~ili]l, 'I`ho fol:L(>~:Lng ro~ ilrolllotlls 2~ aro of prilllary inlpoLtanco: SLlLl;l~l)lo ~alior solul~il:iliy;
cllotlp ava:i:Lal)illliy un indlls~rial scalo; nlin:illlal risks of cr:)rros:i.oll arml orlv:i.rotllllontal pollution; applicabiliiiy by moans of kno~n t-nd gollolally uso~ oquiplllollts otc. On ~2~
Ll the other hand, the kno~n materials and m~thods are acco~paniec1 by -th~ coll~non dra~bQck that they con;prise components causing environmental pollutio1l and of-ten e~hibiting carcinogenic effect and for this reason the kno~n substances and procedures do not comply with modern specifications for the protection of environ-ment and hence can not be used on public roads.
It is the object of the present invention to overcome the dra~backs of the known solutions and to provide an anti-freeze composition suitable for making surfaces free of sno-~ and ice ~hich fully meet the above requirements, namely it is ~ater-soluble, cheaply and readily available in large quantities, i9 not corrosive and does not cause environmental l~ pollution.
The invention is based on the recognition that the distillation residue (the so-called ~aste concentrate) obtained on the distillation of the so-called malt 5~ill being formed in larg~ quanti-ties as distillation residue in the courso of indus-trial-scalo alcohol nl.ln~ll`aclil1r:lnfl; ploo~duro .YIn~rliLrl~!;
frolll o~ olly~ lw ~ L~ 111 anti-froe~.o agonl ol` oulistilrldin~ pLor)ort:i.os; 1;llo sa:Ld "~aste concol1-tratie" is ont:iroly noutrc-ll, o~h:i-2~ bits allt:l-col1rosivo offect, morcovot i.t anta~oni~ies the corro~ive offect of sint-lltaneou~ly u90d solid salts or ~olid mixtures of salt and SallCi and a-lditional-ly, duc to its protcin content~ i-t e~erts cveLI an anti-~ %7S~9~
slip and adhesion-increasing effect According to the present invention there is provided an anti-freeze composition for making sur-faces free of snow and ice, comprising in an amoun-t of 20 to 90 ,0 by weight a waste concentrate of al-cohol distilling industry, having a dry-substance content of 200 to 750 g/k~, in admixture with l0 to 80 ~ by weight of water and optionally with additives.
According to a preferable aspect of the present invention the anti-freeze composition com-prises waste concentrate obtained in the course of distilling alcohol manufacture starting from molasses As additive e.~. the following substances may be usod: sodium chloride, calcium chloride~
l~ pOtaSsi~1 chloride, magnesium chloride, urea, sand, river-gravel, cinders and/or sawdust or surfactants having a HLB-value be-t~een 6 and 12, particularly between 8 and l0 (I-ILB = hydrophilic-lypophilic ba-lance), The compositions of the present invention are excellently suitahlo a9 ant:L-rr(30~C E~Onli al~cl .for IllLlki.116' road~ brLc1~o~ or olho1r .Yurl`1~oo~ o of .YIIOW al:ld :Loo ~ccorcl:ing lio a furt11or aspcct of the prcsont invention -therc is provided a process for 1llaking road 2~ surfaces free of sno~ and ico, whi.oh co111prisos apply-ing tho composltLon of the presont invontion onto the said road surfaoe. The oomposition n1ay be preforably appLied onto t11o road surfaoe from moving vchioles in ~27~
an amount of 0 0~ -to 0.4 1/m2 The waste concentrate of aleohol distilling inclustry usecl QS active subs-tance in the composition of the present inven-tion is the by-product of molasses-based alcohol manufac-turing procedure In the course of alcohol manllfacturing the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) added to carbohydrate-con-taining~ raw materials converts the carbohydrate eon-tent thereof to aleohol in a fermenta-tion proeedure.
As a result of fermentation a mash eomprising 8 to 10 $ by weight of aleohol, 1 1 to 1 3 $ by weight of yeast and 0 1 to 0.3 ~ by weight of residual earbohydrate is obtained. The yeast is separatecl and the mash free of yeast thus obtained i~ distilled 1~ off Then the crucle aleohol thus ol-tained is subjeet-ed to reetifieation After distillation a molasses swill having a dry substanee eontent of 8 to 11 $
by weight is obtained; this produet eontains all the nutritive materials originally present in molasses, with tlle ~xeeption of sugar~ and also the organie substanees formed ducing fe~ rltat:ion bc~s:iclc~ thc 11-eohol The cl:i:Lulo(l IIIOLLI.~I.SO.'I .~w.l..l.,l. :L~ ovaL!o~ L;(Icl I.n VLICUIO arl(l (;110 ool-lool-ll;ral;o(l swilL l;l~us olli;alllod :Ls put on -the markot unclor tho eolluuorei.lL natllc~ VlN~SZ
2~ The eompos:iti.on of the saicl procluet Illay va~y between the following ranges:
dry substaneo 1100-700 ~/k~
organie substance 1100-600 g/k~`
~27~ 36 crude protoin100-250 g/kg as-h 100-250 g/kg Ca 8-15 g/kg Na 15-30 g/kg K 60-80 g/kg ~Ig 1-3 g/k~
Cu, P~ S, Fe~ ~In~ Znbelow 5 g/kg Tho main advantages of the composition according to the present invention may be sut~larized O as follows:
a) It is not detrimental to the environment.
b) When admi~ed with an equal volume of water it is liquid at a temperature of -24 C ancl thus can be appli.ed onto the surface to be treated Ci in the form of Q spray c) When applied onto the road surface it fi~es and immohiliæes the solid materials applied onto the road before freezing and for -this rt-~ason thc said agents carl not be swept away by wind or the air cur-rent of vehicle traffic. Thus the re~uired amount ofsolid substances per uni.t of rt)acl ~L~rfLIQ~ clt~c:coa li tlll il/l ~ o(l 1111(10.1;` o~ )llt~ 1Ot-l'lilL~
c~ollcli.li.Lo~ all~l otlr~ o roa(l:L.Ly alld o.~acli:l.y appl.i.od i.n iille dosirocl conoontrtlti.t n, 2r-i e) I:t is ull:;.. fc):rlll:Ly d-.sli~ ilJu1iod on tlle t:realiocl ~'~I:L'rt.100.
f) Ge-ttin~ .i.llSide f:L`OIII the SUL'rt10~` it ~ra-d~mlly mclts snow .and ico, the surface of 9~
A
the coating is uniformly cooled and the temperature deviations in vertical and horizontal directions are smaller than in the case of known an-tifreeze COlllpOSi-tions, For this reason the liquid l~ater still present in the capillary tubes of the non-frozen concrete layer is not abruptly cooled and the "peeling" de-terioration of the road occurring on the use of the knotin compositions due to the jerky and abrupt heat e~traction may be avoidedO
g) The composition of the present invention is lot corrosive, this being a significant advantage over known compositions which cause very serious damages to the me-tallic parts of the vehicles and to the road su:rface because of the corrosive effect 1,~ t her eo f .
h) The composition may be applied in the form of a solution and for this reason the spraying vehicle can treat in one course a larger area or a longer road-section and the speed is also consider-ably higher (it can reach the valuo of 50 knl/ll), i) Tlle ct)nlpos:i. t:Lo~ an l)o .Y'lO'l.'Od :I.n op-t:Lon.l:L vo.Yso:L.Y~
l~u:rtller dcta:Lls of tlle prcscnt invorltLon a:rQ
to be found ln tho following ~amples w.Lthout lilll:Lting the scopo of prot~ction -to theso ~amples, Tho waste concentrate of alcohol distilling industry used in the E~alllples i.s of the following com-position:
~27~i7~
dry substance 700 g/kg organic substanco 600 g/kg ash lO0 g/kg Ca lO ~/kg 5 Na 20 g/kg K 80 g/kg S 3 g/kg Fe 300 mg/kg p l g/kg lO ~1n 30 mg/kg Zn 20 mg/kg Examplo 1 In the place of calci.um chloride hitherto used l 5 tons (34 ~0 by weight) of sodium chloride rock-salt pre-sieved on a 5 n~ sieve, l 5 tons (34 ~0 by weight) of pre-sieved rivor-gravel, l ton (23 $
by weight) of waste concentra-te (clry subs-tance con-tent 70 ~ by weight) 0 5 m3 (9 $ by weight) of water are introd1lced into the sprinlcling vessel of a ~NICAR
2/2 11lac1lin~ (F~l~:c~ p1lL).1.~ y) ~ L~ 3~1 wi1;11 ..a U.N :1.5 1y1)a wr~ a.Lli-.YL~ Lar~ a ro~
r ~co ~ .L~ O r lo ~ L~t~ 2; t~
sprinkling width an1o-lr1ts to 8 nl, Tho rocL~ ~url`aco i9 con1pletoly un:ir~r111ly covoro-1 a~ show11 by the light b:rown colou:r of` tho conc~nt:rate.
Tll(,` colllpo~:li.tion l;hl:~.g o~t~L:in~l i9 colllpletoly ~27~
suita.bLo for rep1acinÆ caLciu~ chLorido, moreovr3r it is clea.rLy supcrior to calciurn chLoridr3 frorn the poin-t of viel~ (>f bo-th envi.ronmentaL polLution a,nd eo.rrosion.
E~a.~pLe 2 The removaL of hoa,r-frost is carried out by usin~ a. sprir~cLing a.nd watering-ca.rt (typ0 NID0, Nethr3rLands). A L:2 rnixture of undiLuted waste con-centrate ol a.LcohoL distiLLing industry (dry sub-stanee eontent 70 % by weight) a.nd rock-saLt is appLied L0 onto tha roa.d surfa.ce. After sprinkLing -the roa.d sur-face shol~s its originaL bLack coLour and this proves that the co~posi.tion according to the present inven-tion is perfectLy suita.bl.e fo.r the repLacement of the hithr3rto usr3d cflLcium chLoridr3.
L5 E~a.mpLe 3 In order to eompLeteLy repLace sodiwn chLoride the foLLow-i.n~ tests are carried out by using a series o~ diLutions of waste concon.tra,te of aLcohoL
distiLling inc]ustry.
Wa.ste coneen-trate of aLcohol dis-tiLLin~
inr~ustry (diLut;ion to 60 and ,~0 ~, by woi.f~;lLt o.r dry SLL'~9~ 0(~ )o~ .v~'l.y) .1~ t.~ o.~l,o,l~-n::l.L tonll>c~l~almro oL' -'LO ;lo l;o ~ ) 0111 l;hl.clc s. now-slloot;
~i.tho~lt .Iny a(lclit:ivo. In oi.aclL Cil.So l;hc3 arotl o. tho 2~ t.r~atr3d rof.l,d soetion is 20.L~ m . Tho rn(3Ltin~ r3ffoet;
of tho eon1p(-~si.tiOns o.L' th.r3 prescnl; invonl;i.on is Conl-pu..re(] to tha'; Or tho h.i.thcrto u90d Icno~n nlixtu.~3 or industriaL saLt a.nd sa.ncl. It h.l.s bcorl founcl that tho ~2'75~6 - LL
melting offoct of th~ composition havitlg a dry sub-stance content of ~0 7I by ~ei6ht is identicaL with that of -the known m i:2{t;ure of saLt a.nd sand both in the duration of eff~ct and the s-tren~,th of activity.
'~ The cornposition of the present invention ha.ving a dry subs tance content of 60 % by weight exhibits the melting effect one hour and a half earLier than the known industrial saLt - sand mixture. Morcover, the said co.~position havinO a. dry substance content of 60 L0 ~lo by wei~ht is active evsn at a tempera-ture as lo~ as -L3.6 C, ~rhiLe the melting effect of the .known mix-ture of industriaL saLt and sand sLows compLeteLy down at -7 C . The cos ts of the use o:f the compo-sition acco.r(ling to the invention are onLy the ha.Lf L~ of thoss of the known rnixture of industriaL sa.Lt and s and .
Exampl.e 4 Wa.ter fro~Gen on tho surface of bitumerl is meLt in a. cLima chamber a.t a tempe.rature of -~ C by 20 usin~ the foLlowinL,P composition:
W~ste concontrrll;c3 havlrl~ n ~ y .~,'JI.1.1').Y~ CO
conl;ell.l; o:l' 7t) ',t, hy woi~ 't/, by wcLGIlt ~ato.r 20 t/lo Iby woi,,l1t Woocl-:L`Lour ( .lvc.ra~o par t ic Lo 2~ sizo L mlrl) L0 % by wo:igllt Sarld (a.voL~ ;o part:iclo si.7~0 ]. mrrl) 20 ~lo by WOi~Pllt In tllo wa.-tor (20 ~/~, b,~ WCi[,tlt) 0.2 '~0 by ~2.7~
weight of a, hydrophobizing lauric acid poLygl~coL
oster (IILB vrlluc 10.2) is dissolvr3d.
As a result of the treatment the ice layer formed on the surfa-e of bitum-3n is very rapidly ~nelted.
ExampLe 5 One p.rocesds accordin,, to Example 4, with th3 difference that the follo~ing composition is used:
Waste concentra.te (dry substance content 70 ~o by l~-eight) 40 ~lo by waight Water 3~ % by weight River sand (a.verage particle size 1 mm) 20 'lo by weigh-t 15 Urea ~ $ by weight The results are similar to those obta,ined in Example /~.
:Exan1pLe 6 The corrosi.ve side-effect of the composi-tion according to thc invontion i.s testocl on ironplates (si r~o lOOx200x,5 ~11111 ) . 'I`ilO p lr:~ to~ ~,1"0 Llnll~o `~0C
intO a 'O r~.',l)y wc~:L~ i, sod~ tll clll.or:l.clo ~c)LutLon, on tho one hand, ancl into a ~asto concon-t.rr~,-tc (dry substanco contorlt: 50 % by woi~ht) accordillg to tho 2~ invontion~ on tllo othor h..ln-l. On tho surfaoo of tho iron plntos :imllle.;sod into tho sc){liurll chLorido soLution a -thi.ck rust lrlycr is forme~ alre.~dy after throe days, ~hile tho surfrlco of tho i.ron plates in1mersod intc> ~he ~27S~
~ L3 -waste concen-trate ~ceording to the invention remained colnpLeteLy uncLlanged a.nd uneffected even after L4 .ilonths.
Quantitative tests ara car.ried ouk in a saL-t spray chamber by using a. sodium chLoride solution having a conct-~ntration of 5 % by weight. The Loss of weight measured aft~3r 3 days amounts to L5 $ by weight, L0 % by weight and 0 % by weight, respec-ti~eLy, by using a sodiu~ chLoride soLution, a caLcium L0 chLoride soLution and the waste eoncentrate aceording to the invention (dry substanee content 50 $ by weight), respoctiveL-;. Tho weight of rust reLated to one sur-faco unit amounts to 60 g/m , 50 g/m , 40 g/m and 0 g/rn2, respeetiveLy, when using a L $ by weight sodium L5 ehLoride soLution, a L % by weight magnesiurn ehLoride soLution, a L % by weight eaLeiwn ehLo.ride soLution and ths waste eoneentra.te aeeording to the prssent invention, respeetiveLy.
ExampLe 7 In order to prove tho e:ffieienoy of a Lowor tlet.Lvo in~.,sotli~lLt c()tl.oo~ tll;Loll 1 I;o~l; Ls ot.l.L-ri.~.l out by usi.ng ;l Wtl~o oolloelltrato hlvi.tlt; a clry sub~taneo content of 240 g/kg at an oxte.rllLIL tt-~!nporat~lro of -4 C. The co1nposition is sprayo(:l onto a :rrosh Layer of snow (cleptll ~ em) at a rate of o.6 L/m . The snow Layer 1neLts within L2 minutos.
Exa1npLe 8 ~L~7S796 _ L4 -A series of experiments is carried out in a cLima chamber at ~ temperature of -~ C in order to test the activity of the composition according to the invention in preventing the adhesion of coaL
powder (particLe size ~-L0 mm).
The waLL of the storing ~esseL is sprayed with a rnixt~re of waste concentrate diLuted to 60 %
by weight and admixed with L0 % by weight of wood fLuor (particLe size L mm) and L % by weight of a L0 hydrophobizing tenside (HLB vaLue 10.2). The cornpo-sition is added to the coaL powder in an amount of 3 g/kg. The composition successfuLLy inhibits the adhesion of the coaL po~der without decreasing the heating vaLue of the coaL.
Claims (8)
1. An anti-freeze composition for making surfaces free of snow and ice, comprising in an amount of 20 to 90% by weight an alcohol distillation waste concentrate, having a dry-substance content of 200 to 750 g/kg, in admixture with 10 to 80% by weight of water.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising a waste concentrate derived from an alcohol distillation process using molasses as a raw material.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 further comprising sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride or urea.
4. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3 further comprising sand, river-gravel, cinder or sawdust.
5. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3 further comprising a surfactant having an HLB value of 6 to 12.
6. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3 further comprising a surfactant having an HLB value of 8 to 10.
7. A process for making road surfaces free of snow and ice, which comprises applying a composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3 onto a road surface from a moving vehicle at a rate of 0.05 to 0.4 1/m2.
8. Use of the composition according to claim 1 for making surfaces free of snow and ice and for the inhibition of freezing of transported goods.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000501002A CA1275796C (en) | 1986-02-03 | 1986-02-03 | Anti-freeze and snow and ice removing agent based on waste products for alcohol industry |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000501002A CA1275796C (en) | 1986-02-03 | 1986-02-03 | Anti-freeze and snow and ice removing agent based on waste products for alcohol industry |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1275796C true CA1275796C (en) | 1990-11-06 |
Family
ID=4132408
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000501002A Expired - Fee Related CA1275796C (en) | 1986-02-03 | 1986-02-03 | Anti-freeze and snow and ice removing agent based on waste products for alcohol industry |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1275796C (en) |
-
1986
- 1986-02-03 CA CA000501002A patent/CA1275796C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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