CA1273899C - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
CA1273899C
CA1273899C CA 449100 CA449100A CA1273899C CA 1273899 C CA1273899 C CA 1273899C CA 449100 CA449100 CA 449100 CA 449100 A CA449100 A CA 449100A CA 1273899 C CA1273899 C CA 1273899C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
ion exchange
exchange membrane
reinforced ion
facing side
membrane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
CA 449100
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CA1247048A (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to CA000566077A priority Critical patent/CA1273899A/en
Publication of CA1247048A publication Critical patent/CA1247048A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1273899C publication Critical patent/CA1273899C/xx
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/20Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
    • C08J5/22Films, membranes or diaphragms
    • C08J5/2206Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
    • C08J5/2275Heterogeneous membranes
    • C08J5/2281Heterogeneous membranes fluorine containing heterogeneous membranes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/20Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
    • C08J5/22Films, membranes or diaphragms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/34Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C25B1/46Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B13/00Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • C25B13/04Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
    • C25B13/08Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2327/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2327/02Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/12Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C08J2327/18Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1039Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1041Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
    • H01M8/1053Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
CA000449100A 1983-03-10 1984-03-08 REINFORCED MEMBRANE, ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERY AND ELECTROLYSIS METHOD Expired CA1247048A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA000566077A CA1273899A (en) 1983-03-10 1988-05-05 Reinforced polymer membrane for electrolysis with sacrificial reinforcement elements on one surface

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/473,962 US4552631A (en) 1983-03-10 1983-03-10 Reinforced membrane, electrochemical cell and electrolysis process

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000566077A Division CA1273899A (en) 1983-03-10 1988-05-05 Reinforced polymer membrane for electrolysis with sacrificial reinforcement elements on one surface

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1247048A CA1247048A (en) 1988-12-20
CA1273899C true CA1273899C (sh) 1990-09-11

Family

ID=23881694

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000449100A Expired CA1247048A (en) 1983-03-10 1984-03-08 REINFORCED MEMBRANE, ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERY AND ELECTROLYSIS METHOD

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US4552631A (sh)
EP (1) EP0119080B1 (sh)
JP (1) JPS59219487A (sh)
KR (1) KR840008173A (sh)
AT (1) ATE57961T1 (sh)
AU (1) AU2544284A (sh)
BR (1) BR8401071A (sh)
CA (1) CA1247048A (sh)
DE (1) DE3483484D1 (sh)
DK (1) DK145284A (sh)
IL (1) IL71186A0 (sh)
NO (1) NO840914L (sh)
ZA (1) ZA841740B (sh)

Families Citing this family (68)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4900408A (en) * 1988-02-01 1990-02-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. Membrane electrolytic process for producing concentrated caustic
BR9000773A (pt) * 1989-02-28 1991-01-22 Du Pont Processo para a fabricacao de uma membrana de troca de catio; processo para a fabricacao de um tecido revestido; processo para a fabricacao de um fio revestido; membrana de troca de cation; processo aperfeicoado para a eletrolise de um haleto de metal alcalino; tecido de troca de cation e fio de troca de cation
CA2021258C (en) * 1989-07-17 1996-01-30 Akio Kashiwada Cation exchange membrane having high stability
JP3107229B2 (ja) * 1991-02-14 2000-11-06 田中貴金属工業株式会社 固体高分子電解質燃料電池及び電解セルの隔膜加湿構造
US5213671A (en) * 1991-04-01 1993-05-25 Ufs Corporation Membrane guard for a membrane electrode cell
JP3075580B2 (ja) * 1991-04-05 2000-08-14 旭硝子株式会社 電解用含フッ素陽イオン交換膜
US5384019A (en) * 1993-10-29 1995-01-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Membrane reinforced with modified leno weave fabric
US5447636A (en) * 1993-12-14 1995-09-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for making reinforced ion exchange membranes
US6110333A (en) * 1997-05-02 2000-08-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Composite membrane with highly crystalline porous support
WO2002026883A1 (fr) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-04 Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Composition en dispersion de copolymere a base de perfluorocarbone
US7402351B2 (en) * 2002-06-10 2008-07-22 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Carboxylic acid-based ionomer fuel cells
ITMI20040789A1 (it) * 2004-04-22 2004-07-22 Solvay Solexis Spa Membrane fluorurate
US20060051568A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-03-09 O'brien William G Composite membranes of high homogeneity
DE602004026936D1 (de) * 2004-10-20 2010-06-10 Resitape S R L Dichtungsmaterial und verfahren zum abdichten von rrichtung für das dichtungsmaterial
CN101535352B (zh) * 2006-11-09 2014-03-05 纳幕尔杜邦公司 使用包含氟聚醚酸或盐以及短链含氟表面活性剂的聚合剂进行的氟化单体的含水聚合反应
ATE510858T1 (de) * 2006-11-09 2011-06-15 Du Pont Wässrige polymerisation eines fluorinierten monomers mithilfe eines polymerisationsmittels mit einer fluorpolyethersäure oder einem salz daraus und einem siloxantensid
ATE512165T1 (de) * 2006-11-09 2011-06-15 Du Pont Wässrige polymerisation von fluorierten monomeren unter verwendung eines polymerisationsmittels, das fluorpolyethersäure oder -salz und kohlenwasserstofftensid umfasst
EP1982757A1 (de) * 2007-04-10 2008-10-22 Stichting Voor De Technische Wetenschappen Ionendurchlässige Membran und ihre Herstellung
US9598782B2 (en) 2008-04-11 2017-03-21 Christopher M. McWhinney Membrane module
ES2570553T3 (es) 2008-04-11 2016-05-19 Christopher M Mcwhinney Procedimiento electroquímico
US20090281261A1 (en) * 2008-05-09 2009-11-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Abatement of Fluoroether Carboxylic Acids or Salts Employed in Fluoropolymer Resin Manufacture
US20090281241A1 (en) 2008-05-09 2009-11-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Aqueous Polymerization of Fluorinated Monomer Using a Mixture of Fluoropolyether Acids or Salts
US7989568B2 (en) 2008-11-13 2011-08-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluorosulfonates
US8436053B2 (en) * 2008-12-23 2013-05-07 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluorinated ionomer produced by aqueous polymerization using dispersed particulate of fluorinated ionomer
US20100160552A1 (en) 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Aqueous Polymerization of Fluorinated Monomer Using Hydrogen Containing Branched Fluoroether Surfactant
US8436054B2 (en) * 2008-12-23 2013-05-07 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluorinated ionomer produced by aqueous polymerization using dispersed particulate of fluorinated ionomer produced in situ
US8058376B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2011-11-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer produced by aqueous polymerization using dispersed particulate of fluorinated lonomer produced in situ
US8835547B2 (en) * 2008-12-23 2014-09-16 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer particles having a nucleus of fluorinated ionomer
US20100160584A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Carboxylic Acids and Salts
US8153738B2 (en) * 2008-12-23 2012-04-10 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer produced by aqueous polymerization using dispersed particulate of fluorinated ionomer
US8281716B2 (en) * 2008-12-24 2012-10-09 Printing Research, Inc. Anti-marking jackets comprised of fluoropolymer and methods of using in offset printing
US8578853B2 (en) * 2008-12-24 2013-11-12 Printing Research, Inc. Anti-marking jackets comprised of attachment structure and methods of using in offset printing
US8329813B2 (en) * 2009-05-08 2012-12-11 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Thermal reduction of fluoroether carboxylic acids or salts from fluoropolymer dispersions
EP2474066A1 (en) 2009-09-03 2012-07-11 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Improved catalyst coated membranes having composite, thin membranes and thin cathodes for use in direct methanol fuel cells
US8424453B2 (en) 2010-09-01 2013-04-23 Printing Research, Inc. Apparatus and method for adjusting anti-marking jackets
US9074025B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2015-07-07 The Chemours Company Fc, Llc Reducing the telogenic behavior of hydrocarbon-containing surfactants in aqueous dispersion fluoromonomer polymerization
CN106188353B (zh) 2010-11-09 2018-08-31 科慕埃弗西有限公司 使用烃表面活性剂的含氟单体的含水聚合
US8563670B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2013-10-22 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Nucleation in aqueous polymerization of fluoromonomer
US8677899B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2014-03-25 Printing Research, Inc. Reversible anti-marking jackets and methods of using
US20140170409A1 (en) 2011-05-13 2014-06-19 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc Low-wear fluoropolymer composites
WO2012158644A1 (en) 2011-05-13 2012-11-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Slurry technique for producing fluoropolymer composites
JP5810860B2 (ja) * 2011-11-17 2015-11-11 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池用電極触媒層
WO2013101299A1 (en) 2011-12-29 2013-07-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Flow battery comprising a composite polymer separator membrane
US9346258B2 (en) 2012-05-02 2016-05-24 Printing Research, Inc. Method for cleaning anti-marking jackets
US9175112B2 (en) 2012-05-09 2015-11-03 The Chemours Company Fc, Llc Drying wet fluoropolymer resin and exposing to oxygen source to reduce discoloration
EP2847239A1 (en) 2012-05-09 2015-03-18 E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company Fluoropolymer resin treatment employing oxidizing agent to reduce discoloration
US9175110B2 (en) 2012-05-09 2015-11-03 The Chemours Company Fc, Llc Fluoropolymer resin treatment employing melt extrusion and exposure to oxygen source to reduce discoloration
US20130303710A1 (en) 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing Hydrogen Peroxide to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration
US20130303717A1 (en) 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing Oxidizing Agent to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration
US20130303709A1 (en) 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing High pH and Oxygen Source to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration
US20130303652A1 (en) 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing Light and Oxygen Source in Presence of Photocatalyst to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration
US20130303707A1 (en) 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluorination of Fluoropolymer Resin to Reduce Discoloration
US8785560B2 (en) 2012-05-09 2014-07-22 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Employing pretreatment and fluorination of fluoropolymer resin to reduce discoloration
US20130303708A1 (en) 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing Hypochlorite Salts or Nitrite Salts to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration
US8785516B2 (en) 2012-05-09 2014-07-22 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer dispersion treatment employing ultraviolet light and oxygen source to reduce fluoropolymer resin discoloration
US9175115B2 (en) 2012-05-09 2015-11-03 The Chemours Company Fc, Llc Fluoropolymer resin treatment employing heating and oxygen source to reduce discoloration
CN105009341A (zh) 2012-12-17 2015-10-28 纳幕尔杜邦公司 具有包含离聚物的隔膜的液流电池
US9574027B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2017-02-21 The Chemours Company Fc, Llc Fluoropolymer resin treatment employing sorbent to reduce fluoropolymer resin discoloration
WO2015081055A1 (en) 2013-11-26 2015-06-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Employing polyalkylene oxides for nucleation in aqueous polymerization of fluoromonomer
WO2015098769A1 (ja) 2013-12-25 2015-07-02 旭硝子株式会社 フッ素系陽イオン交換膜の製造方法
WO2016027862A1 (ja) 2014-08-20 2016-02-25 旭硝子株式会社 塩化アルカリ電解用イオン交換膜および塩化アルカリ電解装置
JP6400410B2 (ja) 2014-09-25 2018-10-03 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 有機ケミカルハイドライド製造用電解セル
US10077197B2 (en) * 2015-05-20 2018-09-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army High concentration bleach generator apparatus, system and method of use
CN108699712A (zh) * 2016-03-08 2018-10-23 Agc株式会社 离子交换膜、其制造方法及碱金属氯化物电解装置
JP7058070B2 (ja) * 2016-10-06 2022-04-21 旭化成株式会社 陽イオン交換膜及び電解槽
WO2018139028A1 (ja) 2017-01-27 2018-08-02 旭化成株式会社 イオン交換膜及び電解槽
US20220136118A1 (en) 2019-02-14 2022-05-05 The Chemours Company Fc, Llc Multilayer cation exchange chloralkali membrane
WO2022072693A1 (en) 2020-10-01 2022-04-07 The Chemours Company Fc, Llc Low reactivity hydrocarbon dispersing agents in the aqueous polymerization of fluoropolymers

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3940916A (en) * 1974-06-27 1976-03-02 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Knitted or woven ion exchange fabric containing low denier filaments
US4021237A (en) * 1974-11-14 1977-05-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing cadmium sulfide for electrophotography
US4021327A (en) * 1975-04-29 1977-05-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Reinforced cation permeable separator
FR2355926A1 (fr) * 1975-11-21 1978-01-20 Rhone Poulenc Ind Diaphragme selectif d'electrolyse
JPS55110786A (en) * 1979-02-16 1980-08-26 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd Method for electrolysis of alkali chloride
US4272337A (en) * 1979-02-23 1981-06-09 Ppg Industries, Inc. Solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali electrolysis cell
US4356068A (en) * 1979-02-23 1982-10-26 Ppg Industries, Inc. Permionic membrane
US4426271A (en) * 1980-04-15 1984-01-17 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Homogeneous cation exchange membrane having a multi-layer structure
JPS6016518B2 (ja) * 1980-07-31 1985-04-25 旭硝子株式会社 イオン交換膜電解槽
EP0069772B1 (en) * 1981-01-16 1986-07-16 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sacrificial reinforcement in cation exchange membrane
US4349422A (en) * 1981-01-16 1982-09-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Electrolysis process
EP0056707B1 (en) * 1981-01-16 1985-12-18 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Membrane, electrochemical cell, and electrolysis process
JPS57131378A (en) * 1981-02-05 1982-08-14 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Manufacture of caustic alkali
JPS57131377A (en) * 1981-02-05 1982-08-14 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Manufacture of caustic alkali
US4496451A (en) * 1981-05-22 1985-01-29 Asahi Glass Company, Ltd. Ion exchange membrane manufacture for electrolytic cell
JPS57194268A (en) * 1981-05-25 1982-11-29 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Production of hydrogen
JPS57194269A (en) * 1981-05-25 1982-11-29 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Production of hydrogen
JPS6017034B2 (ja) * 1981-05-26 1985-04-30 旭硝子株式会社 新規な電解用陽イオン交換膜

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0119080A2 (en) 1984-09-19
IL71186A0 (en) 1984-06-29
BR8401071A (pt) 1984-10-16
CA1247048A (en) 1988-12-20
ZA841740B (en) 1985-11-27
EP0119080B1 (en) 1990-10-31
KR840008173A (ko) 1984-12-13
DK145284A (da) 1984-09-11
DE3483484D1 (de) 1990-12-06
DK145284D0 (da) 1984-02-29
NO840914L (no) 1984-09-11
ATE57961T1 (de) 1990-11-15
US4552631A (en) 1985-11-12
AU2544284A (en) 1984-09-13
JPH043420B2 (sh) 1992-01-23
JPS59219487A (ja) 1984-12-10
EP0119080A3 (en) 1985-09-11

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