CA1271610A - Method of shirring a tubular casing and stick or slug produced thereby - Google Patents
Method of shirring a tubular casing and stick or slug produced therebyInfo
- Publication number
- CA1271610A CA1271610A CA000564955A CA564955A CA1271610A CA 1271610 A CA1271610 A CA 1271610A CA 000564955 A CA000564955 A CA 000564955A CA 564955 A CA564955 A CA 564955A CA 1271610 A CA1271610 A CA 1271610A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shirring
- casing
- shirred
- mandrel
- tapered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
Abstract
METHOD OF SHIRRING A TUBULAR CASING
AND STICK OR SLUG PRODUCED THEREBY
ABSTRACT
A method of manufacturing a slug of shirred tubular material and comprising feeding an inflated casing along a mandrel having a section of uniform diameter, a tapered section tapered in the direction of the material feeding and a reduced diameter section. The tapered section lies between shirring paddles or rollers. The tubular material is shirred by the shirring means over the tapered section to reduce the inner diameter of the shirred casing to less than the uniform diameter.
AND STICK OR SLUG PRODUCED THEREBY
ABSTRACT
A method of manufacturing a slug of shirred tubular material and comprising feeding an inflated casing along a mandrel having a section of uniform diameter, a tapered section tapered in the direction of the material feeding and a reduced diameter section. The tapered section lies between shirring paddles or rollers. The tubular material is shirred by the shirring means over the tapered section to reduce the inner diameter of the shirred casing to less than the uniform diameter.
Description
1'~7~6~L0 This invention relates to a method of manu-facturing a slug of shirred tubular material.
It is known to pass a pressurized tubular casing along a mandrel of uniform diameter lying between shirring paddles, rolls, or bands. It is also known to compress or compact the shirred casing, known as a stick or a slug, after the shirring has been effected, by an additional compressing mechanism.
It is an object of this invention to provide a method of manufacturing a slug of shirred tubular material.
According to the above object, from a broad aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a slug of shirred tubular material and comprising feeding an inflated casing along a mandxel having a section of uniform d.iameter, a tapered section tapered in the direction of the material feeding and a reduced diameter section. The tapered section lies between shirring paddles or rollers. The -tubular material is shirred by the shirring means over the tapered section to reduce the inner diameter of the shirred casing to less than the uniform diameter.
Preferably the smaller diameter is substan-tially equal to the required internal diameter of the slug of shirred tubular casing to be produced by the apparatus.
;l~' "' - .
\
~ ~73L~
There are preferably a single pair of cooperating shirring paddles, rolls or bands, the mandrel extending between the pair of paddles or rolls and the tapered portion of the mandrel extending from a point adjacent, but in advance of, a line joining the centers of the pair of paddles or rolls, to a point substantially downstream of that line.
At least the tapered section of the mandrel is preferably made from glass-reinforced PTFE. Alternatively, a stainless steel -tapered section may be employed. The taper is preferably uniform. A preferred range of taper rate is from 1 in 4 to 1 in 30. A taper rate of 1 in 4 means that there is a change in diameter of 1 mm for every 4 mm length of the mandrel. It may, Eor example, be such as to produce a 1 mm change in diameter Eor every 10 mm length of the mandrel. An optimum taper is 1 Ln 5.
Preferably the Einal compacting of the slug ls produced in a slngle process using the tapered mandrel wlth-out use of subsequent compression.
In the formation of a shirred casing it is prefer-able to provide shirring paddles,rolls or bands which produce a helical primary fold with secondary folds lying between the helical primary folds.
When a casing is shirred the resultant compact shirred casing, known as a stick, may contain a considerable length, e.g., 24 meters of casing in a relatively short length of "stick", e.g., 23 cm. The ratio between the original length of the casing and the length of the shirred stick is defined as the compression ratio, the length of the shirred stick being measured between the peaks of the first and last of the primary folds.
~L~7~
A more accurate way of indicating the amount of casing which is included in a given shirred stick, taking account of the thickness of the material of which the casing is made, is to define in terms of "packing efficiency". The packing efficiency is the ratio of the volume of a casing when laid ~lat (before shirring) divided by the effective volume of the annular slug or stick, expressed as a percentage. It is calculated by the following formula:
Length of unshirred casing x 2 x wa~ th~ckness x width of laid fl t~ asing_x 100 _ _ Stick or slug length x PI x (outside diameter of stick2 -bore of stick2) 4 (Width of laid flat casing is known as "lay-flat").
The thickness of the material is preferably measured by use of an Elcometer thickness monitor.
By use of the tapered mandrel o~ the present invention it is possible to produce sticks having increased compression ratios compared with those produced by other machinffs. This is because the tapered mandrel causes primary folds or pleats formed during shirring to slide over adJacent primary folds and to lock in a controlled manner. In accordance with the present invention a shirred stick has a compression ratio in the range 95 to 140. This is achieved without reduction of the bore or detriment to the run-out properties of the shirred stick. "Run~out" is the de-shirring of the stick, during filling, in a sausage making process.
Also in accordance with the lnvention it is possible to produce a shirred stick having an increased packing efficiency, the packing efficiency being in the range 45 to 90%.
The advantage of the increase in compression ratio and packing efficiency is that more rigid shirred sticks.
~ 7~6~
~ .
despite increased internal diame-ters, can be produced.
The taper also controls the compression, controls slippage, and enables a correct, predetermined, internal diameter to be achieved.
The taper of the mandrel thus ha~s two primary effects. Firstly it makes the operation o~ the machine and the formation of the shirr stick stable despite a limited range of variation of the properties of the incoming material. Secondly it improves the co~pression ratio and packing ef~iciency of the shirr as compared with shirring on a constant diameter mandrel - If the folds are made to slip the density of the shirred slug, or stick, will be impro~Jed but if this is done after the ~ormatlon of the shirr, as is done in the prior art, the slip does not necessarily occur axi-symmetrically. By allowing the internal diameter of the shirred slug to slide gently and uniformly down a taper, during shirr formation, a regular nesting of the primary folds is obtained, thus giving a high compression ratio, better packing efficiency, and a straighter ~mo~ axi-symmetric) stick.
The taper angle is important. If the taper angle is reduced too much (i.e. made too shallow or too flat) control is loqt during the compression and the folds are not packed adequately. If the taper angle is made too steep ~umping and instability results.
It is also believed to be important to relate the taper angle to the co-efficient friction of the material of which the mandrel is made. If mandrel material such as PTFE is employed which has a low co-efficient of friction, then it is possible to operate with a taper r rate steeper than 1 in 20. Thus it is preferable to use PTFE rather than stainless steel which has a higher frictional co-efficient.
In the accompanying drawings;
Figure 1 is a side elevation showing portions of 7~
a shirring machine embod~ing the present invention;
Figure 2 is a plan of the central part only of the machine illustrated in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is an enlarged diagrammatic plan of a portion of the machine illustrating the tapered mandrel used in the present invention; and Figure 4 is an enlarged portion of the tapered mandrel shown in Figure 3.
The shirring machine shown in Figures 1 and 2 is diagrammatically represented and includes only those parts of the machine which are essential to an under-standing of the _nvenkion.
As seen in Figure 1, on the left of the machine is a drier 10 from which prepared collagen or cellulose lS is led through guide rollers 14, which grip the casing fairly tightly so that air which is put in the casing from the far end will not pass beyond rollers ~4. The inflated casing is shown at lS and is seen to pass through pairs of rolls 16 and 17 and through a guidance block 18 to a pair of drive rolls 19,20. The casing then enters the nip between the pair of--shirring wh~eIs 21,22. The casing as it passes through the drive rolls 19,20 and shirring wheels 21,22 passes over a mandrel 23. The mandrel has an internal passage :- 25 24 through which air is supplied under pressure from a source not shown via pipe 25 and mandrel end fitting 26.
The air flowing through pipe 25 and bore 24 enters the casing and keeps it expanded as shown in Figure 1. ~he shirring wheels 21 and 22 shirr the casing and the shirring takes place along a tapered portion 27 of the mandrel 23, which will be described in more detail later.
The shirred casing is compressed because the casing passes through compression rolls 28,29 which are rotated at about 100th of the speed of the drive rolls 19 an~ 20, and in the same direction of rotation as the drive rolls 1;~7~
19 and 20. The shirring rolls rotate in the same direction as the drive rolls but at about twice the speed of the drive rolls. The range of speeds within which they may rotate according to the physical char-acteristics of the casing is from about 1.5 to 2.5 times the speed of the drive rolls. It will be seen that the outside edges of the wheels are almost touch-ing, -the spacing between them being of the order of 1 to 2 mm.
The compression of the casing takes place entirely during the formation of the shirr and as the shirred stick or slug compresses between the shir-ring wheels and the compression rolls. Also, during the formation of the shirred casing, the shirring wheels 21 and 22 produce a helical primary fold with secondary folds lying between the helical primary Eolds.
The shirred stick emerges from the compres-sion rolls and when a suitable length has been formed can be cut off, slid along the mandrel 23 and off the end of the mandrel after removal of the end fit-ting 26, the air being cut-off temporarily while this occurs.
` The shirring wheels 21, 22 are driven by a shirring wheel motor 29A which, through a gear-box 30 drives shirring wheel 21. Shirring wheel 22 is driven at the same speed by means of a belt drive 31 and pulleys 32, 33.
An important aspect of this invention is that the compression of the shirred stick takes place in a single operation between the shirring wheels 21, 22 and-the compression rolls 28, 29, the compres-sion, and the folding of the shirred stick, being controlled by the -taper 27 on the mandrel 23 (see par-ticularly Figures 3 and 4). The mandrel is tapered so that there is a 1 mm change in diameter for every 5 mm length of the mandrel.
' ~L~7~
- 6a -The drive rolls 19 and 20 are also driven through a system of pulley wheels and belts 3~, 35.
The back-up or compression rolls 28, 29 are driven by a separate electric motor 36 via belts 37 and 37A.
The shirring wheels 21 and 22 æe molded or other-wise formed from rubber, such as synthetic rubber or natural rubber, or polyurethane.
The tapered portion~27 of the mandrel is shown in detail in Figure 4 and it will be seen that the beginning of the taper at 27A occurs just in advance of the line 27B
which joins the centers 21A and 22A of the respective shirr-ing wheels 21 and 22.
The taper 27 extends in the direction of the arrow A, which will be called the downstream direction, and it will be noted that much of the greater proportion of the tapered part of the mandrel is downstream of the line 27B.
The rate of taper is chosen in this instance to be about 1 to 5, i.e., there is 4 mm reduction in diameter for every 20 mm length of the mandrel.
It will be noted that the mandrel is used in this instance between a pair of shirring wheels of the kind described in our copending patent application Ser. No.
477,856 filed on March 28, 1987.
The mandrel may equally well be used with its tapered formation when multiple wheels or bands are used to produce the shirr, e.g., three or more wheels or bands may be used.
The two-wheel machine shown in the drawings does not require any additional compression after the compression rolls 21 and 22. In other words, the full compression of the shirr occurs during formation of the shirr and any compaction necessary is effected by the tapered mandrel in combination with the back pressure generated by the compres-sion rolls 28 and 29.
The tapered mandrel enables one to cater for minor changes in the properties of the tube such as diameter changes and material changes and produces a more uniformly shirred stick or slug despite such minor changes. The stick or slug is of more uniform diameter, is straighter, and is more compact than sticks produced in the prior art.
A~ ' ' , ~L~ 7161~
With the aid of this tapered mandrel is possible to produce sticks with a compression ratio (defined as the ratio of casing length to shlrred length after compression) higher than has been produced in the past.
A shirring apparatus with which the present inven-tion may be advantageously employed is described and illus-trated in our said copending patent application Serial No.
477,856.
It is known to pass a pressurized tubular casing along a mandrel of uniform diameter lying between shirring paddles, rolls, or bands. It is also known to compress or compact the shirred casing, known as a stick or a slug, after the shirring has been effected, by an additional compressing mechanism.
It is an object of this invention to provide a method of manufacturing a slug of shirred tubular material.
According to the above object, from a broad aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a slug of shirred tubular material and comprising feeding an inflated casing along a mandxel having a section of uniform d.iameter, a tapered section tapered in the direction of the material feeding and a reduced diameter section. The tapered section lies between shirring paddles or rollers. The -tubular material is shirred by the shirring means over the tapered section to reduce the inner diameter of the shirred casing to less than the uniform diameter.
Preferably the smaller diameter is substan-tially equal to the required internal diameter of the slug of shirred tubular casing to be produced by the apparatus.
;l~' "' - .
\
~ ~73L~
There are preferably a single pair of cooperating shirring paddles, rolls or bands, the mandrel extending between the pair of paddles or rolls and the tapered portion of the mandrel extending from a point adjacent, but in advance of, a line joining the centers of the pair of paddles or rolls, to a point substantially downstream of that line.
At least the tapered section of the mandrel is preferably made from glass-reinforced PTFE. Alternatively, a stainless steel -tapered section may be employed. The taper is preferably uniform. A preferred range of taper rate is from 1 in 4 to 1 in 30. A taper rate of 1 in 4 means that there is a change in diameter of 1 mm for every 4 mm length of the mandrel. It may, Eor example, be such as to produce a 1 mm change in diameter Eor every 10 mm length of the mandrel. An optimum taper is 1 Ln 5.
Preferably the Einal compacting of the slug ls produced in a slngle process using the tapered mandrel wlth-out use of subsequent compression.
In the formation of a shirred casing it is prefer-able to provide shirring paddles,rolls or bands which produce a helical primary fold with secondary folds lying between the helical primary folds.
When a casing is shirred the resultant compact shirred casing, known as a stick, may contain a considerable length, e.g., 24 meters of casing in a relatively short length of "stick", e.g., 23 cm. The ratio between the original length of the casing and the length of the shirred stick is defined as the compression ratio, the length of the shirred stick being measured between the peaks of the first and last of the primary folds.
~L~7~
A more accurate way of indicating the amount of casing which is included in a given shirred stick, taking account of the thickness of the material of which the casing is made, is to define in terms of "packing efficiency". The packing efficiency is the ratio of the volume of a casing when laid ~lat (before shirring) divided by the effective volume of the annular slug or stick, expressed as a percentage. It is calculated by the following formula:
Length of unshirred casing x 2 x wa~ th~ckness x width of laid fl t~ asing_x 100 _ _ Stick or slug length x PI x (outside diameter of stick2 -bore of stick2) 4 (Width of laid flat casing is known as "lay-flat").
The thickness of the material is preferably measured by use of an Elcometer thickness monitor.
By use of the tapered mandrel o~ the present invention it is possible to produce sticks having increased compression ratios compared with those produced by other machinffs. This is because the tapered mandrel causes primary folds or pleats formed during shirring to slide over adJacent primary folds and to lock in a controlled manner. In accordance with the present invention a shirred stick has a compression ratio in the range 95 to 140. This is achieved without reduction of the bore or detriment to the run-out properties of the shirred stick. "Run~out" is the de-shirring of the stick, during filling, in a sausage making process.
Also in accordance with the lnvention it is possible to produce a shirred stick having an increased packing efficiency, the packing efficiency being in the range 45 to 90%.
The advantage of the increase in compression ratio and packing efficiency is that more rigid shirred sticks.
~ 7~6~
~ .
despite increased internal diame-ters, can be produced.
The taper also controls the compression, controls slippage, and enables a correct, predetermined, internal diameter to be achieved.
The taper of the mandrel thus ha~s two primary effects. Firstly it makes the operation o~ the machine and the formation of the shirr stick stable despite a limited range of variation of the properties of the incoming material. Secondly it improves the co~pression ratio and packing ef~iciency of the shirr as compared with shirring on a constant diameter mandrel - If the folds are made to slip the density of the shirred slug, or stick, will be impro~Jed but if this is done after the ~ormatlon of the shirr, as is done in the prior art, the slip does not necessarily occur axi-symmetrically. By allowing the internal diameter of the shirred slug to slide gently and uniformly down a taper, during shirr formation, a regular nesting of the primary folds is obtained, thus giving a high compression ratio, better packing efficiency, and a straighter ~mo~ axi-symmetric) stick.
The taper angle is important. If the taper angle is reduced too much (i.e. made too shallow or too flat) control is loqt during the compression and the folds are not packed adequately. If the taper angle is made too steep ~umping and instability results.
It is also believed to be important to relate the taper angle to the co-efficient friction of the material of which the mandrel is made. If mandrel material such as PTFE is employed which has a low co-efficient of friction, then it is possible to operate with a taper r rate steeper than 1 in 20. Thus it is preferable to use PTFE rather than stainless steel which has a higher frictional co-efficient.
In the accompanying drawings;
Figure 1 is a side elevation showing portions of 7~
a shirring machine embod~ing the present invention;
Figure 2 is a plan of the central part only of the machine illustrated in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is an enlarged diagrammatic plan of a portion of the machine illustrating the tapered mandrel used in the present invention; and Figure 4 is an enlarged portion of the tapered mandrel shown in Figure 3.
The shirring machine shown in Figures 1 and 2 is diagrammatically represented and includes only those parts of the machine which are essential to an under-standing of the _nvenkion.
As seen in Figure 1, on the left of the machine is a drier 10 from which prepared collagen or cellulose lS is led through guide rollers 14, which grip the casing fairly tightly so that air which is put in the casing from the far end will not pass beyond rollers ~4. The inflated casing is shown at lS and is seen to pass through pairs of rolls 16 and 17 and through a guidance block 18 to a pair of drive rolls 19,20. The casing then enters the nip between the pair of--shirring wh~eIs 21,22. The casing as it passes through the drive rolls 19,20 and shirring wheels 21,22 passes over a mandrel 23. The mandrel has an internal passage :- 25 24 through which air is supplied under pressure from a source not shown via pipe 25 and mandrel end fitting 26.
The air flowing through pipe 25 and bore 24 enters the casing and keeps it expanded as shown in Figure 1. ~he shirring wheels 21 and 22 shirr the casing and the shirring takes place along a tapered portion 27 of the mandrel 23, which will be described in more detail later.
The shirred casing is compressed because the casing passes through compression rolls 28,29 which are rotated at about 100th of the speed of the drive rolls 19 an~ 20, and in the same direction of rotation as the drive rolls 1;~7~
19 and 20. The shirring rolls rotate in the same direction as the drive rolls but at about twice the speed of the drive rolls. The range of speeds within which they may rotate according to the physical char-acteristics of the casing is from about 1.5 to 2.5 times the speed of the drive rolls. It will be seen that the outside edges of the wheels are almost touch-ing, -the spacing between them being of the order of 1 to 2 mm.
The compression of the casing takes place entirely during the formation of the shirr and as the shirred stick or slug compresses between the shir-ring wheels and the compression rolls. Also, during the formation of the shirred casing, the shirring wheels 21 and 22 produce a helical primary fold with secondary folds lying between the helical primary Eolds.
The shirred stick emerges from the compres-sion rolls and when a suitable length has been formed can be cut off, slid along the mandrel 23 and off the end of the mandrel after removal of the end fit-ting 26, the air being cut-off temporarily while this occurs.
` The shirring wheels 21, 22 are driven by a shirring wheel motor 29A which, through a gear-box 30 drives shirring wheel 21. Shirring wheel 22 is driven at the same speed by means of a belt drive 31 and pulleys 32, 33.
An important aspect of this invention is that the compression of the shirred stick takes place in a single operation between the shirring wheels 21, 22 and-the compression rolls 28, 29, the compres-sion, and the folding of the shirred stick, being controlled by the -taper 27 on the mandrel 23 (see par-ticularly Figures 3 and 4). The mandrel is tapered so that there is a 1 mm change in diameter for every 5 mm length of the mandrel.
' ~L~7~
- 6a -The drive rolls 19 and 20 are also driven through a system of pulley wheels and belts 3~, 35.
The back-up or compression rolls 28, 29 are driven by a separate electric motor 36 via belts 37 and 37A.
The shirring wheels 21 and 22 æe molded or other-wise formed from rubber, such as synthetic rubber or natural rubber, or polyurethane.
The tapered portion~27 of the mandrel is shown in detail in Figure 4 and it will be seen that the beginning of the taper at 27A occurs just in advance of the line 27B
which joins the centers 21A and 22A of the respective shirr-ing wheels 21 and 22.
The taper 27 extends in the direction of the arrow A, which will be called the downstream direction, and it will be noted that much of the greater proportion of the tapered part of the mandrel is downstream of the line 27B.
The rate of taper is chosen in this instance to be about 1 to 5, i.e., there is 4 mm reduction in diameter for every 20 mm length of the mandrel.
It will be noted that the mandrel is used in this instance between a pair of shirring wheels of the kind described in our copending patent application Ser. No.
477,856 filed on March 28, 1987.
The mandrel may equally well be used with its tapered formation when multiple wheels or bands are used to produce the shirr, e.g., three or more wheels or bands may be used.
The two-wheel machine shown in the drawings does not require any additional compression after the compression rolls 21 and 22. In other words, the full compression of the shirr occurs during formation of the shirr and any compaction necessary is effected by the tapered mandrel in combination with the back pressure generated by the compres-sion rolls 28 and 29.
The tapered mandrel enables one to cater for minor changes in the properties of the tube such as diameter changes and material changes and produces a more uniformly shirred stick or slug despite such minor changes. The stick or slug is of more uniform diameter, is straighter, and is more compact than sticks produced in the prior art.
A~ ' ' , ~L~ 7161~
With the aid of this tapered mandrel is possible to produce sticks with a compression ratio (defined as the ratio of casing length to shlrred length after compression) higher than has been produced in the past.
A shirring apparatus with which the present inven-tion may be advantageously employed is described and illus-trated in our said copending patent application Serial No.
477,856.
Claims (2)
1. A method of manufacturing a slug of shirred tubular material, comprising feeding an inflated casing along a mandrel having a section of uniform diameter, a tapered section tapered in the direction of the material feeding and a reduced diameter section, with said tapered section lying between shirring paddles or rollers, shirring said tubular material by said shirring means over said tapered section to reduce the inner diameter of the shirred casing to less than the uniform diameter.
2. A method according to claim 1 and in which, during the formation of the shirred casing, shirring wheels produce a helical primary fold with secondary folds lying between the helical primary folds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000564955A CA1271610A (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1988-04-22 | Method of shirring a tubular casing and stick or slug produced thereby |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8408329 | 1984-03-30 | ||
| GB848408329A GB8408329D0 (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1984-03-30 | Shirring tubular casing |
| CA000477855A CA1246823A (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1985-03-28 | Apparatus for shirring a tubular casing |
| CA000564955A CA1271610A (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1988-04-22 | Method of shirring a tubular casing and stick or slug produced thereby |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000477855A Division CA1246823A (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1985-03-28 | Apparatus for shirring a tubular casing |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000615587A Division CA1279223C (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1989-12-29 | Shirred stick or slug having an improved compression ratio |
| CA000615586A Division CA1279222C (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1989-12-29 | Shirred stick or slug having an improved compression ratio |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1271610A true CA1271610A (en) | 1990-07-17 |
Family
ID=25670626
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000564955A Expired - Lifetime CA1271610A (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1988-04-22 | Method of shirring a tubular casing and stick or slug produced thereby |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1271610A (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-04-22 CA CA000564955A patent/CA1271610A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |