CA1259913A - Preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea and use thereof - Google Patents
Preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea and use thereofInfo
- Publication number
- CA1259913A CA1259913A CA000510733A CA510733A CA1259913A CA 1259913 A CA1259913 A CA 1259913A CA 000510733 A CA000510733 A CA 000510733A CA 510733 A CA510733 A CA 510733A CA 1259913 A CA1259913 A CA 1259913A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- preparation
- percent
- electrolytes
- lactase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals including human beings and new-born ruminants suffer-ing from diarrhoea which preparation is intended for being mixed in water comprises an absorbent intumes-cent agent, electrolytes and lactose-decomposing enzymes(s) and possible roughage, taste corrigents and dyestuffs. The intumescent agent constitutes 20-70% according to weight, preferably 40-43%, the electrolytes constitute 40-60% according to weight, preferably 53-57%, and the enzyme or enzymes consti-tute 0.01-5% according to weight, preferably 0.025-0.027% and the balance is made up of roughage, taste corrigents and/or dyestuffs, where one type of dye-stuff is wheat bran.
It has proved particularly advantageous that the intumescent agent is vegetable fibres from the family plantaginacea and the enzyme is lactase with pH-optimum between 2 and 10, and the electrolytes are a mixture of two or more of the substances magnesium oxide, citric acid, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and glucose. An optimum effect is achieved when the fibres are dried crushed seed coats of plantago ovata.
An agent for rehydrating animals suffering from diarr-hoea which maybe cured in very few days is thereby ob-tained thus avoiding deaths and loss of weight. The vast majority of cases on non-infectious diarrhoea among one-stomached animals can be cured in very few days.
A preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals including human beings and new-born ruminants suffer-ing from diarrhoea which preparation is intended for being mixed in water comprises an absorbent intumes-cent agent, electrolytes and lactose-decomposing enzymes(s) and possible roughage, taste corrigents and dyestuffs. The intumescent agent constitutes 20-70% according to weight, preferably 40-43%, the electrolytes constitute 40-60% according to weight, preferably 53-57%, and the enzyme or enzymes consti-tute 0.01-5% according to weight, preferably 0.025-0.027% and the balance is made up of roughage, taste corrigents and/or dyestuffs, where one type of dye-stuff is wheat bran.
It has proved particularly advantageous that the intumescent agent is vegetable fibres from the family plantaginacea and the enzyme is lactase with pH-optimum between 2 and 10, and the electrolytes are a mixture of two or more of the substances magnesium oxide, citric acid, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and glucose. An optimum effect is achieved when the fibres are dried crushed seed coats of plantago ovata.
An agent for rehydrating animals suffering from diarr-hoea which maybe cured in very few days is thereby ob-tained thus avoiding deaths and loss of weight. The vast majority of cases on non-infectious diarrhoea among one-stomached animals can be cured in very few days.
Description
~S'3~3 1 PREPARATION FOR REH~DRATING MONOGASTRIC ANIMALS, INCLUDING HUMAN BEINGS, SUFFERING FROM DIARRHOEA
AND USE THEREOF
The invention relates to a preparation for rehydra-ting monogastric animals, including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea, especially non-infectious diarrhoea and diarrhoea caused by rota and corona viruses.
Even in well-organized agricultural countries with good veterinary coverage, the mortality among new -born animals such as calves and pigs is still very great. For example, in Denmark in 1980 there were destroyed about 180,000 calves, which corresponds to nearly 20% Or the calves born every year. The cause of a number of the deaths among calves, and also of a number of corresponding deaths among sucking pigs, is that they become stressed when they are weaned and placed, for example, in common sties or folds. When ~- the animals are removed and thus no longer receive J''~ mother's milk, ~g~ up to half of the animals devel-.~
op diarrhoea because they become stressed due to change of fodder, transportation etc. It is assumed that half of the deaths are due to diarrhoea which arises within the first month after their birth. A
number of the calves also suffer from rota and corona virus infection, which is a contagious intestinal infection where cows are virus carriers and infect the calves. The disease is caused by ia. strongly reduced production of lactase, so that the animals /O.C~o3~:
cannot decompose the ~ ~6~ in the milk with which they are fed, and hereafter diarrhoea is quickly developed by osmotic effect in the intestinal canal.
~L~5~3~L3
AND USE THEREOF
The invention relates to a preparation for rehydra-ting monogastric animals, including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea, especially non-infectious diarrhoea and diarrhoea caused by rota and corona viruses.
Even in well-organized agricultural countries with good veterinary coverage, the mortality among new -born animals such as calves and pigs is still very great. For example, in Denmark in 1980 there were destroyed about 180,000 calves, which corresponds to nearly 20% Or the calves born every year. The cause of a number of the deaths among calves, and also of a number of corresponding deaths among sucking pigs, is that they become stressed when they are weaned and placed, for example, in common sties or folds. When ~- the animals are removed and thus no longer receive J''~ mother's milk, ~g~ up to half of the animals devel-.~
op diarrhoea because they become stressed due to change of fodder, transportation etc. It is assumed that half of the deaths are due to diarrhoea which arises within the first month after their birth. A
number of the calves also suffer from rota and corona virus infection, which is a contagious intestinal infection where cows are virus carriers and infect the calves. The disease is caused by ia. strongly reduced production of lactase, so that the animals /O.C~o3~:
cannot decompose the ~ ~6~ in the milk with which they are fed, and hereafter diarrhoea is quickly developed by osmotic effect in the intestinal canal.
~L~5~3~L3
- 2 -New-born calves and pigs with diarrhoea will lose con-side.rable weight because of dehydration and many die.
An object of the invention is to present a prepara-tion for the treatment of diarrhoea, so that a very large number of sick animals can be cured in very few days, whereby deaths due to loss of fluid is avoided and for calves better growth is obtained.
According to the invention there is provided a preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals, including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea which preparation is of the kind containing electrolytes and glucose. The preparation consists oE (a) 20-70% by weight of an absorbent intumeseent con-sisting of Isphagula Husk; (b) 40-60% by weigh-t of eleetro-lytes whieh eleetrolytes are a mixture of two or more of the substances magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silieate, calcium silicate, ealeium earbonate, alkali metal chlorides, ineludi.ng sodium and potassium chloride, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, including sodium and potassium hydrogen earbonate, aluminium phosphate, aluminium hydroxide, citric acid and alkali metal citrates, including sodium and potassium eitrate, and in ad-dition to the eleetroytes glucose; (e) 0.01-5% by weight lac-tase and in that said preparation optionally consists also of roughage, pectin, starch, one or more taste correetives and/or one or more colouring agents, wherein -the amounts of the individual components are ehosen in a way so that the sum total of the pereentages by weight of -the components is 100.00.
Surprisingly, it has been shown that a mixture of an absorbent intumescent agent, lactose-decomposing enzymes and one or more electrolytes is a quiek and effeetive agent against diarrhoea without any apparent side effeets and with .~
1~5'3~3 - 2a -a better effect than with the :individual components alone.
The agen-t can be used for the treatment of diarrhoea among all offspring of ruminan-ts as long as these are one-stomached, ie. before they have begun cud-chewing, and for the treatment of non-infectious diarrhoea and diarrhoea caused by rota and corona viruses among all other one-stomached animals, including human beings. The lactose-decomposing enæyme decomposes the lactose which, for example, a calf suffering from diarrhoea is itself unable to decompose and digest. Non-decomposed lactose in the intestinal canal con-tributes to worsening an attack of diarrhoea. With certain other methods of treatment, it has been suggested that the lactose be decomposed in the milk before the calf receives the milk, but with the preparation according to the invention, the lactose is not decomposed until inside /
/
. ~
! .~, ~ .~ .,~V
An object of the invention is to present a prepara-tion for the treatment of diarrhoea, so that a very large number of sick animals can be cured in very few days, whereby deaths due to loss of fluid is avoided and for calves better growth is obtained.
According to the invention there is provided a preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals, including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea which preparation is of the kind containing electrolytes and glucose. The preparation consists oE (a) 20-70% by weight of an absorbent intumeseent con-sisting of Isphagula Husk; (b) 40-60% by weigh-t of eleetro-lytes whieh eleetrolytes are a mixture of two or more of the substances magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silieate, calcium silicate, ealeium earbonate, alkali metal chlorides, ineludi.ng sodium and potassium chloride, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, including sodium and potassium hydrogen earbonate, aluminium phosphate, aluminium hydroxide, citric acid and alkali metal citrates, including sodium and potassium eitrate, and in ad-dition to the eleetroytes glucose; (e) 0.01-5% by weight lac-tase and in that said preparation optionally consists also of roughage, pectin, starch, one or more taste correetives and/or one or more colouring agents, wherein -the amounts of the individual components are ehosen in a way so that the sum total of the pereentages by weight of -the components is 100.00.
Surprisingly, it has been shown that a mixture of an absorbent intumescent agent, lactose-decomposing enzymes and one or more electrolytes is a quiek and effeetive agent against diarrhoea without any apparent side effeets and with .~
1~5'3~3 - 2a -a better effect than with the :individual components alone.
The agen-t can be used for the treatment of diarrhoea among all offspring of ruminan-ts as long as these are one-stomached, ie. before they have begun cud-chewing, and for the treatment of non-infectious diarrhoea and diarrhoea caused by rota and corona viruses among all other one-stomached animals, including human beings. The lactose-decomposing enæyme decomposes the lactose which, for example, a calf suffering from diarrhoea is itself unable to decompose and digest. Non-decomposed lactose in the intestinal canal con-tributes to worsening an attack of diarrhoea. With certain other methods of treatment, it has been suggested that the lactose be decomposed in the milk before the calf receives the milk, but with the preparation according to the invention, the lactose is not decomposed until inside /
/
. ~
! .~, ~ .~ .,~V
3~3~3 1 the calf's stomach and intestine which results in fewer side effects, for example in the form of sitiophobia.
The agent is produced quite simply by wei~hing out and mixing the individual parts so that the finished agent is supplied as a dry powder ready for use.
Another great advantage of the preparation according to the invention is that it is possible to cure animals of diarrhoea without the use of normal anti-biotics, and thus avoiding the disadvantages here-with in the form of medicinal residues in the animal, and the possibilities of developing bacteria strains resistant to antibiotics.
According to the invention it is very advantageous that the electrolytes in the preparation comprise such salts that replace salt lost by diarrhoea since by rehydration it is merely necessary to administer a preparation which will bring about both rehydration or stop dehydration and pro~dethe lost salts and ~luid.
25 When the preparation comprises a buffer, it is not necessary to protect the enzymes by adopting special measures since the preparation itself for a period of up to 6 hours stabilises the pH-value of the stomach so that the enzymes are not inactivated, and it is not necessary to wait for the dissolution o~ a coating or the like in the intestine~
the enzyme being immediately ready to perrorm its function. Thus protective measures for the enzyme are alsc spared.
~XS'`3~3~3 1 The component parts must be such which are pharmaceu-tically tolerable and a combination of the parts men-tioned in claim 4 makes it possible to fulrill the purpose of the present invention.
By composing the preparation as disclosed in claim 5 there is obtained a simple preparation which has the required properties, ie. stopping diarrhoea, provid-ing the necessary salts, providing lactase and bring ing it uninfluenced through the stomach in a simple manner.
It is an advantage that the absorbent vegetable fibres swell up in the intestine in a very suitable and natural manner, which gives the contents of the inte~tine a gelatinous consistency so that the ~aeces will have a normal consistency already a ~ew hours after the first feeding with the agent. The more quickly that a diarrhoea rrom which a cal~ or sucking pig is su~fer-ing is brought under control, the greater are thechances of the animal surviving. The glucose content and the necessary salts in the correct amounts will promote the absorption of nutrients and give the weakened animal an easily transformable energy.
Practical applications and experiments have shown that the agent according to the invention is par-ticularly effective when the sphagula Husk has been ground.
.
~l.2S'~3~3 1 If this agent is used immediately when an animal shows the symptoms of diarrhoea, and it is a question of so-called problem stock, then the agent according to the invention should be used in the event of the animal merely refusing to drink up, and a case of diarrhoea can normally be stopped merely by treating the animal a few times. It is thus possible to put an immediate stop to the life-threatening loss of water and salts (electrolytes) so that by far the 10 majority of the animals attackecl will survive and be restored to health quicker than if they are only treated with electrolytes alone or the water palliative fibres alone. This quicker restoration of the animals will therefore bring about a better 15 growth which has been proved by clinical experiments.
By composing the preparation witnin the specific weight ratios as disclosed in claim 7, there is obtained a preparation which will stop diarrhoea among animals and 20 provide rehydration since the preparation will only have to be mixed in water or milk or a water/milk mixture whereupon an animal will willingly drink it.
25 For human application with the specific weight range the pxeparation is composed without roughage and dyestuffs but with a corrective having the composition mentioned in claim 8, a composition within specific weight ratios as disclosed in claim 9 being particularly preferred since 30 such a preparation is effective and at the same time has a pleasant taste.
. .
~s~9~
1 The preparation according to the invention as dis~
closed is used by pouring 40-55 g of the mixture into lukewarm water, milk or a water/milk mixture at around 38C. q~e result is a mixture which the animals are very willing to drink and which quickly cures them of diarrhoea because the gel ~orm-ed by the agent in the intestinal canal has the ~ol-lowing characteristics:
~,) a protective ef~ect on the actual intest-inal mucosa, b) binds some of the bacteria and their toxins to itselr, c) ensures a normal intestinal passage (peristalsis), d) quickly stops the loss of fluid and electrolytes, ,/
//
/
.. . . .. _ _ . .... .... .
-~.~5~3g~3 1 e) buffers the capacity due to the added electrolytes in the gel formed, protects the added lactase from inactivation for up to 6 hours, and f) the lactase decomposes the lactose in the intestine and thus recreates a normal osmotic balance.
For human application the same results as mentioned above will be obtained. If desired, cold liquid can be used for the preparation.
Practical experiment with the preparation according to khe invention.
480 sucking calves, all of them two to three weeks old, were taken in for rearing experiments under uniform optir~um conditions with regard to hygiene, climate and feeding, the object being to test the effect of the preparation on dietetic-conditioned diarrhoea among sucking calves.
By the first feeding after the calves taken in had been placed in the cow-house at the research station, all of the calves each received three litres of a conventional electrolyte/water mixture, after which this was gradually changed during the course of five days to up to 7 litres of milk substitute. ~he calves also had free access to hay and ordinary fodder supplements.
During the course of fourteen days from the time they were taken in, 86 of the calves, ie. 17.9%, contract--1 ed stomach/intestinal disturhances. These animals were immediately ~reated with the preparation accord-ing to the invention and as disclosed in claim 12.
5 73 of the sick calves, ie. 84.9%, were completely cured within a few days. The 13 calves which were not cured immediately by the treatment were then given supplementary treatment with antibiotics~
10 From this it will be seen that the diarrhoea which is contracted early by many calves fattened on full milk and by sucking pigs is often due to virus infections and to transport stress, stress as a result of feeding change and stress from changed 15 environment etc., and can therefore be cured with the preparation according to the invention without the use of antibiotics. O~ly 13 animals out of 86, ie.
approx. 15%, required supplementary antibiotic treat-ment.
Course of treatment when using the preparation.
The agent is mixed in water and is dosed in accord-ance with the weight of the animal, the amounts used 25 being as stated in the following table:
Weight of Dose perNo. of feeds animal feedingper 24 hours approx. 20 kg~ l water + approx. 25g 4 30 - 30 kg 1 l - + approx. 50g4 - 40 kg 1~ 1 - + approx. 75g 3-4 - 50 kg 2 l - + approx. lOOg 3 - 60 kg 2~ 1 - + approx. 125g 3 '39~3 1 After the first twenty-four hours, lt can be an ad-vantage to add 25-50 g curdled milk product, ~or example soured milk, yoghurt, junket or the like, per litre. From the third day, one can gradually change over to the normal mixed fodder.
There are also cattle stock among which stomach/
intestine dlsturbances are a recurrent problem. In such cases lt can be an advantage to glve for example the calves the preparation according to the lnvention as soon as they just refuse to drlnk up the normal feed, for example consisting of full-cream milk or other milk mlxtures or the like.
Comparative experiment The curative properties against dlarrhoea of the preparation according to the invention were compared by a controlled experiment with the properties of Calmix neo at a Dutch calf fattening station.
For the experiments there were used in all 230 calves which were divided in 5 groups of 46 animals each.
They were placed in wooden pens with floor grating and being ventilated. One week old calves were used.
The animals were weighed before the experiment, after 29 days and after 58 days. At the beginning there is given 1.5 1~ water and 75 g electrolytes as first feeding. The fodder consisted of a bag of Heftica per calf followed by Hemeka*start and fattening accord-ing to the usual scheduIe.
In case of diarrhoea either the preparation accord-ing to the invention or Calmix neo is given.
e~1~t~ a~e ~rMf ~
, ol'3~3 1 The experiment results are given in the table below.
Average results Conservative Preparation Curative treatment treatment according to (Calmix neo) the invention No. of calves 15 15 Average weight at start 41.6 kg 38.3 kg after 29 days 47. 5 kg 45.3 kg 58 days 74.4 kg 73.7 kg ,~ Average weight g~n after 29 days 5.9 kg 7.0 kg 58 days 32.8 kg 35.4 kg Average weight ga,n after 29 days 5.9 kg 7.0 kg 29-58 days 26.9 kg 28. 4 kg ga~n Average Weigh~/day after 29 days 203 g 241 g 59 days 565 g 610 g 25 The curative properties of the preparation prove to be good. A~ter 58 days the calves showed an average of 2.6 kg larger growth than the control group which was treated with Calmix neo. Moreover, the average weight per day among the animals which were treated 30 with the preparation according to the invention, increased in the second period more than the animals treated with Calmix neo. This shows that not on~y are the absorption and the digestive capacity of the intestine less influenced but they are at the same ~L~5~39~3 r~o~
1 time more quickly-~e~ea-~e~. This result supports the fact that the pharmacokinetics of the preparation according to the invention builds on a protection of the intestinal wall against pathogenic attacks coupled with a compensation for lack of lactase by means of acid resistant lactase whereby the secre-tion as well as the osmotic component are combatted.
Example 1 The preparation according to the invention can be composed~ for example as follows:
2 . . .
1000 g contains:
15 Magnesium oxide 5.75 g Citric acid 13.50 g Potassium chloride 24.00 g Sodium citrate 26.50 g electrolytes Sodium chloride 41.50 g 20 Sodium bicarbonate 68.oG g Glucose 350.00 g Terra rubrum 2.50 g dyestuff 25 Wheat bran 68.co g roughage Isphagola husk (dried seed coats of plantago o~ata) 400.00 g absorbent fibre Lactase 0.25 g enzyme Total 1000.00 g ~ 12 ~59~
1 The individual ingredients, al.l of which are available as dry powders, are mixed mechanically and are thereafter immediately ready for use.
The agent according to the invention must n~t be adminlstered in dry form, but must be suspended in water and administered as a solution or suspension. The intumeseenee occurs hereafter in the intestinal eanal during a suitable period, whereby by absorption of fluid 10 said intumeseent swells up and gives the eontents of the intestine a suitable eonsisteney, and binds and receives some of the bacteria and their toxins so that a diarrhoea is at once stopped. An intumescent being capable of being swollen up by water may be deseribed as a water 15 binding swelling agent.
Example 2 The reparation aceordin to the invention can also P g have the followin~ composition which is particularly preferred for human application:
1000 g contains:
Magnesium oxide6.17 g Citric acid14.50 g Potassiu~ chloride 25.75 g Sodium cikrate28.45 g Sodium chloride44.56 g Sodium bicarbonate 73.00 g Glucose 375.80 g Isphagula husk, crushed 429.50 g Lactase 0.27 g Oil of peppermint 2.00 g ~5'39~L3 1 Example 3 A suspension or solution of the preparation prepared in example 1 is produced by mixing 50 g preparation to 1 liter of water. The pH-value in the fresh prep-aration is 8.56. By filtration to a pH-value of 5.73 there is used 40.5 meq hydrochloric acid which shows that there is a not inconsiderable Buffer effect in the preparation which will "neutralise" the hydro-chloric acid in the stomach and consequently protectthe lactase.
The chemicals used in the examples are ordinary commercial chemicals and the lactase is preferably CHBS lactase 25.000 from Chr. Hansens Laboratorium, Copenhagen.
The agent is produced quite simply by wei~hing out and mixing the individual parts so that the finished agent is supplied as a dry powder ready for use.
Another great advantage of the preparation according to the invention is that it is possible to cure animals of diarrhoea without the use of normal anti-biotics, and thus avoiding the disadvantages here-with in the form of medicinal residues in the animal, and the possibilities of developing bacteria strains resistant to antibiotics.
According to the invention it is very advantageous that the electrolytes in the preparation comprise such salts that replace salt lost by diarrhoea since by rehydration it is merely necessary to administer a preparation which will bring about both rehydration or stop dehydration and pro~dethe lost salts and ~luid.
25 When the preparation comprises a buffer, it is not necessary to protect the enzymes by adopting special measures since the preparation itself for a period of up to 6 hours stabilises the pH-value of the stomach so that the enzymes are not inactivated, and it is not necessary to wait for the dissolution o~ a coating or the like in the intestine~
the enzyme being immediately ready to perrorm its function. Thus protective measures for the enzyme are alsc spared.
~XS'`3~3~3 1 The component parts must be such which are pharmaceu-tically tolerable and a combination of the parts men-tioned in claim 4 makes it possible to fulrill the purpose of the present invention.
By composing the preparation as disclosed in claim 5 there is obtained a simple preparation which has the required properties, ie. stopping diarrhoea, provid-ing the necessary salts, providing lactase and bring ing it uninfluenced through the stomach in a simple manner.
It is an advantage that the absorbent vegetable fibres swell up in the intestine in a very suitable and natural manner, which gives the contents of the inte~tine a gelatinous consistency so that the ~aeces will have a normal consistency already a ~ew hours after the first feeding with the agent. The more quickly that a diarrhoea rrom which a cal~ or sucking pig is su~fer-ing is brought under control, the greater are thechances of the animal surviving. The glucose content and the necessary salts in the correct amounts will promote the absorption of nutrients and give the weakened animal an easily transformable energy.
Practical applications and experiments have shown that the agent according to the invention is par-ticularly effective when the sphagula Husk has been ground.
.
~l.2S'~3~3 1 If this agent is used immediately when an animal shows the symptoms of diarrhoea, and it is a question of so-called problem stock, then the agent according to the invention should be used in the event of the animal merely refusing to drink up, and a case of diarrhoea can normally be stopped merely by treating the animal a few times. It is thus possible to put an immediate stop to the life-threatening loss of water and salts (electrolytes) so that by far the 10 majority of the animals attackecl will survive and be restored to health quicker than if they are only treated with electrolytes alone or the water palliative fibres alone. This quicker restoration of the animals will therefore bring about a better 15 growth which has been proved by clinical experiments.
By composing the preparation witnin the specific weight ratios as disclosed in claim 7, there is obtained a preparation which will stop diarrhoea among animals and 20 provide rehydration since the preparation will only have to be mixed in water or milk or a water/milk mixture whereupon an animal will willingly drink it.
25 For human application with the specific weight range the pxeparation is composed without roughage and dyestuffs but with a corrective having the composition mentioned in claim 8, a composition within specific weight ratios as disclosed in claim 9 being particularly preferred since 30 such a preparation is effective and at the same time has a pleasant taste.
. .
~s~9~
1 The preparation according to the invention as dis~
closed is used by pouring 40-55 g of the mixture into lukewarm water, milk or a water/milk mixture at around 38C. q~e result is a mixture which the animals are very willing to drink and which quickly cures them of diarrhoea because the gel ~orm-ed by the agent in the intestinal canal has the ~ol-lowing characteristics:
~,) a protective ef~ect on the actual intest-inal mucosa, b) binds some of the bacteria and their toxins to itselr, c) ensures a normal intestinal passage (peristalsis), d) quickly stops the loss of fluid and electrolytes, ,/
//
/
.. . . .. _ _ . .... .... .
-~.~5~3g~3 1 e) buffers the capacity due to the added electrolytes in the gel formed, protects the added lactase from inactivation for up to 6 hours, and f) the lactase decomposes the lactose in the intestine and thus recreates a normal osmotic balance.
For human application the same results as mentioned above will be obtained. If desired, cold liquid can be used for the preparation.
Practical experiment with the preparation according to khe invention.
480 sucking calves, all of them two to three weeks old, were taken in for rearing experiments under uniform optir~um conditions with regard to hygiene, climate and feeding, the object being to test the effect of the preparation on dietetic-conditioned diarrhoea among sucking calves.
By the first feeding after the calves taken in had been placed in the cow-house at the research station, all of the calves each received three litres of a conventional electrolyte/water mixture, after which this was gradually changed during the course of five days to up to 7 litres of milk substitute. ~he calves also had free access to hay and ordinary fodder supplements.
During the course of fourteen days from the time they were taken in, 86 of the calves, ie. 17.9%, contract--1 ed stomach/intestinal disturhances. These animals were immediately ~reated with the preparation accord-ing to the invention and as disclosed in claim 12.
5 73 of the sick calves, ie. 84.9%, were completely cured within a few days. The 13 calves which were not cured immediately by the treatment were then given supplementary treatment with antibiotics~
10 From this it will be seen that the diarrhoea which is contracted early by many calves fattened on full milk and by sucking pigs is often due to virus infections and to transport stress, stress as a result of feeding change and stress from changed 15 environment etc., and can therefore be cured with the preparation according to the invention without the use of antibiotics. O~ly 13 animals out of 86, ie.
approx. 15%, required supplementary antibiotic treat-ment.
Course of treatment when using the preparation.
The agent is mixed in water and is dosed in accord-ance with the weight of the animal, the amounts used 25 being as stated in the following table:
Weight of Dose perNo. of feeds animal feedingper 24 hours approx. 20 kg~ l water + approx. 25g 4 30 - 30 kg 1 l - + approx. 50g4 - 40 kg 1~ 1 - + approx. 75g 3-4 - 50 kg 2 l - + approx. lOOg 3 - 60 kg 2~ 1 - + approx. 125g 3 '39~3 1 After the first twenty-four hours, lt can be an ad-vantage to add 25-50 g curdled milk product, ~or example soured milk, yoghurt, junket or the like, per litre. From the third day, one can gradually change over to the normal mixed fodder.
There are also cattle stock among which stomach/
intestine dlsturbances are a recurrent problem. In such cases lt can be an advantage to glve for example the calves the preparation according to the lnvention as soon as they just refuse to drlnk up the normal feed, for example consisting of full-cream milk or other milk mlxtures or the like.
Comparative experiment The curative properties against dlarrhoea of the preparation according to the invention were compared by a controlled experiment with the properties of Calmix neo at a Dutch calf fattening station.
For the experiments there were used in all 230 calves which were divided in 5 groups of 46 animals each.
They were placed in wooden pens with floor grating and being ventilated. One week old calves were used.
The animals were weighed before the experiment, after 29 days and after 58 days. At the beginning there is given 1.5 1~ water and 75 g electrolytes as first feeding. The fodder consisted of a bag of Heftica per calf followed by Hemeka*start and fattening accord-ing to the usual scheduIe.
In case of diarrhoea either the preparation accord-ing to the invention or Calmix neo is given.
e~1~t~ a~e ~rMf ~
, ol'3~3 1 The experiment results are given in the table below.
Average results Conservative Preparation Curative treatment treatment according to (Calmix neo) the invention No. of calves 15 15 Average weight at start 41.6 kg 38.3 kg after 29 days 47. 5 kg 45.3 kg 58 days 74.4 kg 73.7 kg ,~ Average weight g~n after 29 days 5.9 kg 7.0 kg 58 days 32.8 kg 35.4 kg Average weight ga,n after 29 days 5.9 kg 7.0 kg 29-58 days 26.9 kg 28. 4 kg ga~n Average Weigh~/day after 29 days 203 g 241 g 59 days 565 g 610 g 25 The curative properties of the preparation prove to be good. A~ter 58 days the calves showed an average of 2.6 kg larger growth than the control group which was treated with Calmix neo. Moreover, the average weight per day among the animals which were treated 30 with the preparation according to the invention, increased in the second period more than the animals treated with Calmix neo. This shows that not on~y are the absorption and the digestive capacity of the intestine less influenced but they are at the same ~L~5~39~3 r~o~
1 time more quickly-~e~ea-~e~. This result supports the fact that the pharmacokinetics of the preparation according to the invention builds on a protection of the intestinal wall against pathogenic attacks coupled with a compensation for lack of lactase by means of acid resistant lactase whereby the secre-tion as well as the osmotic component are combatted.
Example 1 The preparation according to the invention can be composed~ for example as follows:
2 . . .
1000 g contains:
15 Magnesium oxide 5.75 g Citric acid 13.50 g Potassium chloride 24.00 g Sodium citrate 26.50 g electrolytes Sodium chloride 41.50 g 20 Sodium bicarbonate 68.oG g Glucose 350.00 g Terra rubrum 2.50 g dyestuff 25 Wheat bran 68.co g roughage Isphagola husk (dried seed coats of plantago o~ata) 400.00 g absorbent fibre Lactase 0.25 g enzyme Total 1000.00 g ~ 12 ~59~
1 The individual ingredients, al.l of which are available as dry powders, are mixed mechanically and are thereafter immediately ready for use.
The agent according to the invention must n~t be adminlstered in dry form, but must be suspended in water and administered as a solution or suspension. The intumeseenee occurs hereafter in the intestinal eanal during a suitable period, whereby by absorption of fluid 10 said intumeseent swells up and gives the eontents of the intestine a suitable eonsisteney, and binds and receives some of the bacteria and their toxins so that a diarrhoea is at once stopped. An intumescent being capable of being swollen up by water may be deseribed as a water 15 binding swelling agent.
Example 2 The reparation aceordin to the invention can also P g have the followin~ composition which is particularly preferred for human application:
1000 g contains:
Magnesium oxide6.17 g Citric acid14.50 g Potassiu~ chloride 25.75 g Sodium cikrate28.45 g Sodium chloride44.56 g Sodium bicarbonate 73.00 g Glucose 375.80 g Isphagula husk, crushed 429.50 g Lactase 0.27 g Oil of peppermint 2.00 g ~5'39~L3 1 Example 3 A suspension or solution of the preparation prepared in example 1 is produced by mixing 50 g preparation to 1 liter of water. The pH-value in the fresh prep-aration is 8.56. By filtration to a pH-value of 5.73 there is used 40.5 meq hydrochloric acid which shows that there is a not inconsiderable Buffer effect in the preparation which will "neutralise" the hydro-chloric acid in the stomach and consequently protectthe lactase.
The chemicals used in the examples are ordinary commercial chemicals and the lactase is preferably CHBS lactase 25.000 from Chr. Hansens Laboratorium, Copenhagen.
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals, including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea which preparation is of the kind containing electrolytes and glucose, characterized in that said preparation consists essentially of (a) 20-70% by weight of an absorbent intumescent consisting of Isphagula Husk; (b) 40-60% by weight of electrolytes which electrolytes are a mixture of two or more of the substances magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, alkali metal chlorides, including sodium and potassium chloride, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, including sodium and potassium hydrogen carbonate, aluminium phosphate, aluminium hydroxide, citric acid and alkali metal citrates, including sodium and potassium citrate, and in addition to the electroytes glucose; (c) 0.01-5% by weight lactase, and in that said preparation optionally consists also of roughage, pectin, starch, one or more taste correctives and/or one or more colouring agents, wherein the amounts of the individual components are chosen in a way so that the sum total of the percentages by weight of the components is 100.00.
2. The preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the salts comprised by said electrolytes is at least one of said salts that will replace at least one of the salt lost by diarrhoea.
3. The preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that roughage is bran of wheat, in that said taste corrective is oil of peppermint, and in that said colouring agent is terra rubrum.
4. The preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that said electrolytes are composed so as to give a buffer effect in said preparation in solution or in suspension.
5. The preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the lactase is a lactase with a pH-optimum between 2 and 10.
6. The preparation according to claim 5, characterized in that said electrolytes are a mixture of two or more of the substances magnesium hydroxide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, citric acid, and in that said lactase is a lactase with a pH-optimum between 5 and 8.
7. The preparation according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said preparation consists of 40 percents by weight of Isphagula Husk, 52.925 percents by weight of electrolytes comprising glucose which are made up of 0.575 percents by weight of magnesium oxide, 1.35 percent by weight of citric acid, 2.4 percent by weight of potassium chloride, 2.65 percent by weight of sodium citrate, 4.15 percent by weight of sodium chloride, 6.8 percent by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate, 35 percents by weight of glucose; 0.025 percent by weight of lactase; 6.8 percent by weight of roughage in the form of bran of wheat; and 0.25 percent by weight of colouring agent in the form of terra rubrum, where the percents by weight are calculated on the basis of the finished preparation.
8. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that said preparation consist of 20-70 percents by weight of Isphagula Husk as absorbent intumescent; 40-60 percents by weight of electrolytes which electrolytes are a mixture of two or more of the substances magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium carbonate, alkali metal chlorides, including sodium and potassium chloride, alkali metal hydrogen carbonate, including sodium and potassium hydrogen carbonate, aluminium phosphate, aluminium hydroxide, citric acid and alkali metal citrates, including sodium and potassium citrate, and glucose; and 0.01-5 percents of lactase and the balance is made up of the taste corrective oil of peppermint, the percentages by weight being calculated on the basis of the amounts of the swelling agent, the electrolytes, the glucose, the lactase as well as the balance, and wherein the amounts of the individual components are chosen in a way so that the sum total of the percentages by weight is 100.00.
9. The preparation according to claim 8, characterized in that said preparation consists of 43 percents by weight of Isphagula Husk being ground, 57 percents by weight of electrolytes which are made up of 0.617 percent by weight magnesium oxide, 1.45 percent by weight of citric acid, 2.575 percent by weight of potassium chloride, 2.845 percent by weight of sodium citrate, 4.456 percent by weight of sodium chloride, 7.3 percent by weight of sodium hydrogen carbonate, 37.58 percent by weight of glucose, 0.027 percent by weight of lactase and 0.2 percent by weight taste corrective in the form of oil or peppermint where the percentages by weight are calculated on the basis of the finished preparation and where the amounts of the absorbent intumescent Isphogula Husk and the electrolytes are chosen in such a way that the total of the percentages by weight of the individual components is 100.00.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000510733A CA1259913A (en) | 1986-06-03 | 1986-06-03 | Preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea and use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000510733A CA1259913A (en) | 1986-06-03 | 1986-06-03 | Preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea and use thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1259913A true CA1259913A (en) | 1989-09-26 |
Family
ID=4133279
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000510733A Expired CA1259913A (en) | 1986-06-03 | 1986-06-03 | Preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea and use thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1259913A (en) |
-
1986
- 1986-06-03 CA CA000510733A patent/CA1259913A/en not_active Expired
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0160015B1 (en) | Preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals, including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea and use thereof | |
| US5038396A (en) | Preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals, including new-born calves, pigs and human beings suffering from diarrhoea and use thereof | |
| Coates et al. | A mode of action of antibiotics in chick nutrition | |
| DE60317799T2 (en) | ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF USE | |
| WO1996003150B1 (en) | Compositions containing hemicelluloses and polyphenols for treating gastrointestinal disorders | |
| WO1996020709A1 (en) | Prevention of adverse behaviour, diarrhoea, skin disorders and infections of the hind gut associated with acidic conditions in humans and animals | |
| ES2290982T3 (en) | ADDITIVE FOR DRINKING WATER FOR BIRDS AND METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION OF THE SAME. | |
| EA017656B1 (en) | Composition for prevention and treatment of pig dysentery | |
| DE69915988T2 (en) | Inhibitor of colony formation of Helicobacter pylori | |
| Huyghebaert | Alternatives for antibiotic in poultry | |
| CA1259913A (en) | Preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals including human beings, suffering from diarrhoea and use thereof | |
| US5073367A (en) | Method for increasing the productivity of sows | |
| EP0071623B1 (en) | Method of promoting growth in monogastric animals, poultry and ruminants | |
| CA2159359A1 (en) | Immunopotentiative and infection-protective agent, containing two or more bacillus, egg white and garlic | |
| EP0403292A2 (en) | Ruminant feedstuff additives | |
| US20060034957A1 (en) | Vitamin-containing system for stabilising the immune response of animals | |
| Ribeiro et al. | Performance of dairy calves fed milk, milk replacer or post-weaning concentrate with acidifiers | |
| DK172775B1 (en) | Animal feed additives containing a flavanoid-containing mimosa extract and animal feed containing the same and method t | |
| JP3257690B2 (en) | Feed for livestock with dietary fiber | |
| NZ236682A (en) | Preparation for treating diarrhoea comprising isphagula husk as a binding agent, electrolyte and glucose | |
| JPH04224521A (en) | Pharmaceutical preparation for rehydrating animal suffering diarrhea and having one stomach for example, newly-born cattle, pig and human and use thereof | |
| JP3338928B2 (en) | Anticoccidial agent | |
| JPH01132533A (en) | Animal drug | |
| DK153739B (en) | Preparation for rehydrating monogastric animals and humans which/who are suffering from diarrhoea | |
| KR20040061043A (en) | Drugs, foods, drinks and feeds containing cocoa component |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |