CA1254847A - Process for producing protein-vitamin concentrate - Google Patents

Abstract

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PROTEIN
VITAMIN CONCENTRATE

ABSTRACT

A process for producing a protein-vitamin con-centrate which comprises culturing of yeast under aerobic conditions on a nutrient medium comprising effluents from meat-packing plants containing at least 0.01% by mass of lipides, 0.01% by mass of protein components, 0.005% by mass of carbohydrates with the addition of nitrogen- and phosphorus-con-taining mineral salts in an amount of not less that 0.1% by volume of the effluents, followed by sepa-ration of the biomass and obtaining the desired pro-duct.

Description

~2548~d ~ROC~'~S ll`OR PRODUClNG PROTh~N-VI~'.AMIN
CONCE'l~RA'~
The pre~cnt inve~tion relates to the microbiolo-gical i~dustry and, more specifically~ to ~ process for producing a protei~-vitamiQ concentrate usefLIl as a fodder additive in the animal breedlng and suitable for use as a source of aminoacid9~ various lipids, vi-tamins which can be employed in the microbiological, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other i-~dustries. ~urther-mor~, t'ne process according to t'ne prese~t invention ca~ be used ~'or purification of effluents :Erom meat-packi~ plant5..
~owrl in the art are various processes for the u production of protei~-~itamin co~c~ntrates by v~ay of culturing yeast on synthetic mineral nutris~t media containi~ carbohydrates or h~adrocarbons under aerobic conditions (c~. Biotechnolo~-~ of the Microbial Sy~the-s1s9 Riga3 "~inatne" æublisher~, 1980, pp. 12-43).
he preparatio~ of syuthetic nutrient ~edia omployed i~ t~lose processes involv0s a number of ope-rations: preparation o~ masterbatches of macro- a~d :
: : ~trace~elements, dissolution thereof, preconditionin~
: of a carbon source, aQd i~troductio~ thereaf into the nutri~nt medium. Carbon sourceS such as ~-al~anes are substantially i~501uble in a~ aqueous phase, ~.inere ~ ~fcre some3 di:tficulties are e~counter~3d~ which are : connectecl not only with the preparation of a nutri-`~
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' ent medium for microorganisms, but with carrying out the culturing process as well, in particular, the problem arises o~ emulsi~ication o~ n~alkanes, indi vidual supply of the medium as such a~d the source of carbo~, forced aeration corlditions and vigorous stir-rin~ of the reac tion medium. Sinc~ the spced of yeast growth on ~-alkanes is 3-3.5 time5 lower than on car-bohydrates, it i5 nece~sary to i~crease, by the same ~umber of times, the mass-transfer characteristics of the ferme~tation eguipmentO ~urthermore, the commercial process of productioll of the biolzlass o~ n-alkan~s is practicall;y ~ot feasible (in a direct flow under corl-tinuous process co~ditions) at ~low rates more than 0.20-0.25 h . '~hese processes are also characterized by a low cont~nt of proteirl in proteitl-vitami~ con-centrates which does ~ot exc~ed 50-60~.
Also k~ow~ in the art is a process for producinO
prot~invitamin concentrates by way of culturing yeast o~ a nutrient medium containin~; sources of ca:rbon, mineral com?otle~ts, growth stimula~ts urlder aerobic con dition~ usi~; milk whey (cf. US~R Inventor's (~erti~i-cate ~ro. 5713391 l~to Cl. C 12 ~T, 1976~. Whey comp-rises a ].iquid production waste resultin~ from the .~anufacture o:E daily products and co~tains conside-rflbly amounts of lac tose which i~ this process s~rv~s as a so~ ce of carbon for the ye~st.

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The u5e 0~ whey as a nu-trient me~ium ~ecessi-~ates additioaal irlcolpor~tio~ of mineral salts which are substantially abSent in wh~y. Furthermore; the content of lactose in whey is not su~ficient, wher~-~ox~ -to perform the process, it is necessary to preliminarily concentrate whey to inci~ase th~ concentratio~ of lac-tose therein. ~./he~ proteins hinder an intensive ~ro~th o~ ~east and therefore they are preliminarily removed.
All tnese operatio~s complicate the process for the production of a protein-vitamin concentrate. This pror cess also has a disadva~tage residing in that the nutrierlt medium based on whey is liable to ~oaming even under a lo~ ensity aeratioih, which 0~-erts a : detrim ntal el~ect on not only the process activity but on the production sa~itary as well, Furthermore, rather complicated and power-consuming preliminary ~ pr~p~aratio~ of the nutrient rnediurn enabl~s carrying : out o~` the process of yeast cul-turing only under discontinuous production conditions, thus loffering ~e~iciency of the yeast biomass ma~u~acture . The content o.~ protein in the resultin~ protein-vitarnin eonGentrate does not ~xceed 50-55~.
: It is the main object of' the present invention to simpli:f~ and mak~ le3s exper~sive the process for the production o:f a pro-teiu vitami n concentrate and to improve its nourishin~ ~ropertie~s~
:., It is another obj~ct o~` the ?resent inventic~rl to ensur~ simulta~eollsly utilization and purificatior of waste waters~
The main a~d other objects of the present inven tion are accomplished by that in a process for the production of a protein-Yitamin collce~trate b-g culliur-inC of yeast on a n~trient m~dium co~taining sources of carbon, mill~ral compone~ts, growth stimula~ts under aerobic conditions, followed by separation OI tho bio-mass and obt~ ning the desired product, in accordance with the present inve~tio~ as the nutrient medium use is macle of e:ffluents from meat-pac~:ing plants con-ta1ning at least 0.01~ by mass of lipides, 0.01,~ by mass o~ protein compon~nts, 0.005~ by mass of carbo-hydrates with the addition of nitro~en- and phospho-rus-containin~, mine:ral salts in an amount of at leas t 0.1,-3 by volume o:f the ef~luents.
It is pre~erable to uso a~monium phosphate as the nitro~en- aad phosphox:us-containing mineral salts.
In order to incLease the yield of the biom~ss n-alk~a~es are added to the nutrient medium in an amount of f`rom 0.1 to 4~ by volume of the mediumO i~
the yea~t ~rowth stimulallt it is edYisable to addi-tio~ally introduce a whole bile into the nutrient medium 1n an arrIount ~o:f :from 0.1 to 0.OC05~,~ by volllme o~ the medi u ~Q .
Ihe ~!~roce 3 s accor~li ng to th~ pre3 ent inve nt i 3n makes it possible to utilize the production waste ~
effluents from meat-packing plants as a nutrient Ine-dium which is eco~omically e~icient and enabling a simplified procedure o~ the ma~u~acture of protein-vitamin conce~tratesO
~ he process according to the present inve~tion makes it possible to produce a proteirl-vitami~ con-centrate in a hi~h yield a~d ~iith a high content o~
bioloOically valuable substances, The process accord-ing to the present invention simultaneously ensures utilizati.on a~d puri~catio~ of waste waters.
~ he process ~or produci~ a protein-vitamin con~
centrate is effected i~ the following ~a~er.
Into waste waters or e*fluents fro~ a meat-pacK-ing plant containi~ at least 0.01~ by mass of' lipîds, 0.01$ by mass of protein components; 0.005~ b~ mass of carbohydra-t~s nitro~e~- and phosphorus-containin~;
mineral salts are added in a~ amount o~ not less than 0.1~ by volume o~ the e~lue~ts, an inoculation yeast culture is introduced therei~, and cu~turin~ thereof is e~ected u~der aeratio~ at a temperature a~d pH
~alue opti~al ~or the selected ~east culture.
It is preferable to use ammoniunl phosphate ~s the nitroOen- and phosphorus-containing mineral salts.
~s the i~oculation culture use can be made o-f' an-~YeUSt CU1 tUre ~ YOI~ example tnose o~` the genus Candic~a . --or Saccharo~ce 9 .
Th'eir culturin~ is effected unaer aeration by the continuous or conti~uous-direct flow ~ethod, ~s an additional source o~ carbon n~al~a~es ar~ introd.uc-ed when reguired and at an appropriate selection of the yeast culture in a concentration ranging from V.l to 4~ by volume o~' the medium; as the growth stimulant a ~ihole bile is introduced in a conce~tration of 0.0005 to 0.1~ by volume of the medium. At a ~ull uti-lization of the carbon sources the yeast biomass is separated a~d a pro-tein-vitamia concentrate is obtained which can be used ~oth in a liquid state 7 paste like and dried form for ~eedin& animals or poultry or, a~ter an appropriate processinO, it can be used i~ dif-ferent brancnes of the food industry. '~he process ~or the production o.~ a protein-vitamin concentrate ac-cQrdin~ to the present inve~tion has a number o~ ad-vantages over the prior art. The base o~ its nutrient ~edium9 i.e. eff'luents from meat-packing plants, comp-rises:an industrial waste product and is commercially e~ective in utilization. l'he addition of a single source of nitroOen and phosphorus to the nutrie~t medium, as well as a~ additional source of carbon in the ~orm OI' n-al~ane9 or a yeast gro~th stimulant in the form of a ~.i.hole bile maLces it ~ossible to inclease the yield o.f: tl;e ~iomass~ There~ore, in the process accordin~ -to the present in~entio~ a medium is us~d ::
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which ~oes not :require any preliminary processing; it is economically eff`ective and makes it possible to obtain a hi~n yield of the yeast biomass containing high amounts o~ proteins and other biologically va-luable co~ponentsO ~ince in the proces~ of ~ro~iith o~
yeast they utilize organic compouents of efflue~ts ~rom maat-packing pla~ts, this procedure makes it also possible to simultaneously e~sure purificatio~
o~ these effluents. ~inc- the conditionS o~ yeast c~l-turi~g -provide for low values of p~ which are uufa-vourable for the developme~t of bacterial microflora9 the use OI` the process according to the prese~t inven-tlO~ will contribute to a reduction o~ bacterial dis-~somination o~ the ef~`luents discarded a~ter the fermen-tatio~. The eïfluents from meat-packing plants co~-taia natural hi~h-quality carbon so~ ces,wherefore the biochem~cal composition of -the yeast biomass i~ biolo-gically moLe eff'ective than a biomass produced by c~nventional processes; for example; the total of protein and lipide amount in the biomass produced by the~process according to the present invention i5 78 to 80,U~ as calculated ~or dry solids9 whereas this parameter ~or a biomass obtai~ed by yeast culturing on carbohydrate~ or hydrocarbo~s does not exceed 70-72~.
~urtherlnore1 the resultirlg protei~-vitamin preparatior : will not have r~strictions in ap~lication ~ro~ the ; :.

., , ' -standpoin-t of toxicolo~ical re~uirements.
For a better understanding of the present in-ven~
tion, some specific examples illustratin~ the process for the production of a protein-vitamin concen-trate are given h~reinbelow~
Example 1 .~o 1 1 of efflue~ts from a m~ast-packi~g plant containing 0.1~ by mass of lipids, 0.05~ b;y mass OI
protei~s, 0.005~0 by ~ass o~ carbohydrates, 0.2;~ by mass o~ ammonium phosphate, and 0.01~ by mass ~as calculated for dry solids ) of` yeast o~ the genus Ca~dida ~sp. are added. The culturing is ef~'ected under aeration at a -te~perature of 28-30Clp~ of 4.0-4.2 in a ~erme~ter uader discontin UQ US process conditions a~d non-sterility f'or the period o~ 3 hours.
0~ completion o~ the culturing the biomass is separated and dried. The yield o~ the resultin~ pro-~tein-vltamin concentra-te in d:ry for~ is 1.28 g/l at the content of protein therei~ o~ 69.3~ by mass, ri-bo~lavin - 130.8 mg/kg.
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Example ~
: To 1 1 of efflue~ts fro;n a meat-pac~ingr plant co~-tainin6 1~5~ by m~ss of lipids, 0.3~ by !.iass o~
pr~teins, 0.007~ by olass of carbohydrates 0.2~ by nlass of ammoniurn phosphat~ and 0.05~ by mass (a~3 cal.culated for dr~ 501:ids) OI the yeas k Candi(la so . ar~ add~d~
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The cultu:rin~; is effected under aeration at a temperature o~ 30~32C, pH of 402-4.5 in a ~ermenter discontinuously under non-sterility conditions :~or the period of 7 hours.
On comple-tion of the culturi~ the biomass is separated a~d dried. '~he ~i~ld o~ protein-vitamin concentrate in dry form is 16.98 g/l, the cont~t o~
protein theroin is 75.21~ by mas9, that of ribo-flavin - 340.7 r~/kgO
~ xample 3 ~ laste waters ~rom a meast-packing plaat contai~
in~ 1~0~ by mass o~ lipids, 0.2,~ by r~ass of' proteins9 ~0.005~ by mass o~ carbohydrates are added with 0.2 b~:mass of a~mo~ium phosphate and subjected to an : aerobic direct ~lo~-type culturing of the yeast Candi_a SQ, at the flow rate OI` 0.5 h 1 ~ he culturing~ is ef~ected at a temperature o~
30-32C, pH o~ 440-4.2. ~he process productivity is 5.83 ~/1 of a proteinvit~mi~ co~ce~trate per hour (as calculated for dry solids) at the conte~t of protein therci~ o~ 74.92~ by mass a~d that ot' ribof`lavin -321.5 mg~kg~
Exa~rlple 4 Wa5te waters of et'~luents from a meat-pac~ing plant containinO 1~o~ by rnass of` lipids, 002~ by ma~s o~` pro~ei~s, 0~012~ b~ ~nass o~ carboh~c~ates a.re added . .
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with 0 .li~ by mass o:f' amrnonium phosphate and sub jec ted to an aerobic direc-t-floW cul turing of` ye as t of the ~enus S ccharomyces ~ The culturing is e:~fected at a temper~ture OI ~8~32C, p I oi:' 4.0-4.2 and the ~low rate o:~ 0.45 h 1, ~he process productivit;y is 5.,03 g/l of a protein-vitamin concentrate (in ~y form) per hou.r at the content of` protein therein o~ 73,3C~ by ma~s and that o~ ribo~lavin of 312 mg/kg.
Example 5 ~o 1. litre oY' eIflue~ts from a mcat-pac~i~g plant containi~ 0.09,~ by mass OL` lipids, 0.09" by ,~ass of protein~ and 0.61,'~ by mass of carbohydrates 0.2~ by mass of ammonium phosphate; O.Ol~i by mass of whole bile a~d 1 g OI yeast Sacchar~ces s~ (75~ moisture) are added. ~he culturi~ is eff'ected on a sha~er under aerobic conditions discontinuously at the teL~perature o~ 30C, pH of 4 . 2 for the period of 4 hours. The yleld of a dr~ protein-vitamln concen-trate is 5.36 g/l at the co~tent of` ~ro tein therei.n o~ 71.8~ by mas~
;:and that of ribofl~vin of 235.6 mg/kg.
i~xa~ple 6 '~he process is conducted in a manner similar to that described in Exa~ple 5 herei~above. I~to the uutrient medium 0~0005f~0 by mas of Nhole bile is introducecl. ~'he yield of dry proteî~vitan~ concent~
rate .is 4.~ g/l at -the c~)~tent of protein thereln of ,~ ~

70.7~ by mass and -that of riboflavin - 2~6.~3 mO/kg.
Example 7 A nutli~nt medium for the culturin~; OI yeast is prepared on t'ne basis of e~fluents from a meat-pack-lng plant contairlin,, 1.0~ by mass of a ~at, O.08',~ b;~ mass of proteins, 0.005~ by m~3s of carbohydrates. ~h~
nutrient ruedium is added also ~;ith 3.0~ by mass o~
n-alkanes (mixture of C12-C18 fractions) and 0.3~ by mass of ammonium sulphate, 0.08~ by mass o~ potassium phosphate (monobaSic)~, 0.03~ by mass oY sodiurll phos-phate (dibasic)r .'he yeast Gandida sp, is introduced in the al~ount of 3 g/l ( as calculated ~or dry solids ~
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and cultured in a L`ermenter ~nder aeration ConLi tions for 12 hou:rs at the temperature of 32 34C and at a p~ value of 4.0-4.~ . The yield of a dry protein-vitamin concentrate is 37.8 ~ t the content of protein therein of 75.3~3 by mass arld that o:E ribo-~la~in o:E 395 . 3 mg/kg Exampl e 8 The process of ~xample 7 hereinabove is repeated.
Into the nutrlent medium 0~02~ by -l~ass of whole bile is introduced. Tae yield o:~ a dry protei~-vitamin co~centrate is 40.5 g/l at the co~tent of protein of 74,8',~ by mass arl~l that of riboflavirl of 35000 rQ~k~,0 : ~ :

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Claims (4)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A process for producing a protein-vitamin concentrate comprising culturing of yeast under aero-bic conditions on a nutrient medium comprising ef-fluents from meat-packing plants containing at least 0.01% by mass of lipides, 0.01% by mass of protein components, 0.005% by mass of carbohydrates with the addition of nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing mineral salts in an amount of at least 0.1. by volume of the effluents, followed by separation of the biomass and obtaining the desired product.

2. A process according to Claim 1, wherein as the nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing mineral salts ammonium phosphate is used.

3. A process according to Claim 1, wherein into the nutrient medium n-alkanes are additionally introduced in an amount of from 0.1 to 4% by volume of the medium.

4. A process according to Claims 1 to 3, wherein as the growth stimulants a whole bile is additionally introduced into the nutrient medium in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.0005% by volume of the medium.