CA1250529A - Multiple segment nonsequential recording - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract of the Disclosure A recording has a plurality of segments, each of which is user selectable. The recording may be on a phonograph record in which each segment is recorded on one band of the record. Each recorded segment, such as the band on the phonograph record, may be identified by a visual indicium, such as color. The recorded information of at least some of the segments instructs the user to select another segment, with the other segment identified by its visual indicium so the user can select the chosen segment. An interactive visual medium such as a play field may be provided to supply feedback or contributing information to the user.

Description

- HA~VS -C07PATENT
.1 , ~2~5 MULTIPLE SEGMENT NONSEQU~NTIAL KECORDING
~ack~round of the Invention The present in~ention relates to recordings for audio or visual information. The recording of the invention may 5 be used to convey information in a user-interactive ~F
format. The invention also relates to recordings used in conjunction with play ma~s or other toys.
Audio and visual infor~ation ls typically recorded and replayed sequentially. Since their inception, phonograph records have been designed and manufactured for sequential music and information deliveryO Numerous examples are known in which a continuous spiral groove is cut in the surface of the disk record, generally beginning near the perimeter of the disk, and spiraling inward, to a point relatively near the center of the disk. At that pOil1t, the spiral groove becomes a circular groove, called a lock groove. When a stylus is placed near the perimeter of the record, the stylu6 follows the spiral groove of the record, until it reaches this lock groove. In the lock

2~ groove, the stylus ~ollows the circle around the record indefinitely, until the stylus is physically lifted from the groove.
In many of the records marketed today, a standard twelve inch diameter record disk is designed to be played at 33-1/3 revolutions per minute and may include a number of musical selections or other segments of information, which selections are designed to be played in sequence.
The record includes a single groove having modulated (recorded~ lengths corresponding to the musical selec~ions. A length of unmodulated or silent groove se~arates adjacent selections~ so that the stylus, as it follows the groove, plays the recorded segment, then has a period of silence, then plays the followin~ band~ The phonograph record then has a plurality of concentric bands or rings, each correspondlng to one of the selections.
narrower ring of dead, or silent, space separates adjacent bandsO

~,~

~L2~529 Another method of recording multiple segments on one side of a phonop~raph record is described in U.S. Patent No. 2,703,241, issued ~larch 1, 1955 to H.C. Abramson.
This patent describes a phonograph record in which several spiral grooves are recorded parallel each other, each beginning near the perimeter of the record, and spiraling parallel to each other in toward the center o~ the record, until they reach a common circular lock groove.
The record of the Abramson reference is used to record a story having several segments. Each side of each record has several interchangeable segments of the story, each recorded in one of the parallel spiral grooves. The sides of the records are played consecutively, with each side being played once. Which of the parallel spiral grooves is played on each side depends upon where the stylus is placed around the perimeter of the record, and is generally a random function. This configuration for the record requires that each recorded segMent on each side of each record begin and end so as to coordinate with all of the segments on the preceding and following sides. The beginning of each must fit with all the endings from the previous side, and the ending of each must fit with all the beginnings on the following side. This limita~ion substantially restricts the story lines that ~ay be recorded.
A phonograph record having sequential recorded information segments pressed on the record in a nonsequential arrangement is known. The record has segment 1 of the recording on the ~irst (outer) portion of side 1 of the record~ The recording at the end of segment 1 instructs the listener to turn the record over and listen to side 2, and a loc~ groove is provided at the end of this first segment on side 1. At the end of the second segment, recorded on the entire side 2, the instructions tell the listener to again flip the record and listen to segment 3 on the inner portion of side 1. The recorded ~2~5~

material is thus played sequentially. This arrangement is made to provide approximately 20 uninterrupted minutes of recording for segment 2.
Some systems, such as that described in U,S. Patent No. 4,17Q,832, issued October 16, 1979, to Kurt Zimmerman, include a method of interactively conveying information recorded on video tape. Similar systems are known that use audio tape. These systems use different tracks on the magnetic video or audio tape for different segments of recorded information. ~he tracks are selected by the playback machine in response to user selection through a keyboard. The machines used to replay the tapes are expensive because of the complicated mechanisms necessary to select and play back the appropriate track of the tape.
Laser disks also are used to store and replay video or audio information. The selection of segments on the disk is by microcomputer control incorporating a dedicated program that acts in response to user input through a "joystick" or a keyboard. Ylayback machines incorporating this technology are also complicated and expensive.
A need exists for a nonsequential or interactive recording that uses limited technology, is inexpensive, simple to use, and uses inexpensive, uncomplicated playback equipment.
~5 Summar~ of the Invention The invention is a user interactive recording, which comprises a recording medium having a plurality of user selectable recorded segments thereon. Each recorded segment is identified by a visual indicium, such as a color, or a band number. The recording, in at least one of the segments, instructs the user listener to select another segment, with the other segment identified by its visual indicium.
The preferred recording medium is a phonograph record having plural concentric rings, each containing a recorded segment of information. Each ring is ideally identified 35Z~

by a color to provide a visual indicium that may be readily recognized as the phonograph record is spinning on the phonograph for the user to select the appropriate band.
The recording of the invention is ideally suited for branched stories or for decisional instruction, in which a choice is presented at the end of several of the seg~ents for the user to select among two or more options. The recording then presents consequences of that choice or follows different lines of story development.
The recording of the invention is particularly useful in combination with a play mat providing a two-dimensional or three-dimensional area displaying pictures or information coordinated with the information on the recording. Two or three dimensional toys or trackers can be provided for interactive play or activity.
The recording of the invention is useful in a wide variety of education and entertainment applications using relatively simple and inexpensive technology.
Brief Description of_the ~rawings Figure 1 is a view of the preferred embodiment of the recording of the invention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the phonograph record shown in Figure 1~
Figures 3a and 3b are a chart of the possible story paths for one version of a story recorded on the recording of the invention.
Figures 4a and 4b are a chart of the possible story paths for a second version of a story recorded on the recording of the invention.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a phonograph that may be used in conjunction with the preferred embodiment of the recording of ~he invention.
Figure 6 shows an interactive play field that can be used in conjunction with the recording of the invention.

5~

Figure 7 shows an interactive play field that can be used in conjunction with the recording of the invention to provide a three-dimensional setting, and having an interchangeable background scene panel.
Figures 8 and 9 show the play field of either Figure 6 or Figure 7 being folded over the phonograph record to form a jacket for the record.
~etailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment In the preferred embodiment of the recording shown in Figure 1, the recording medlum is a phonograph record 21 adapted to fit standard modern phonograph turntables. An opening 23 in the center of the record 21 receives the spindle of the phonograph turntable. An area 25 around the cen~ral opening 23 provides room for a label with printed i~nformation relating to the recording.
A plurality of concentric bands 27, each including one or more modulated grooves containing recorded segments of information encircle the center of the record. The preferred embodiment shown has seven such bands ~7.
The preferred phonograph record is approximately twelve inches in diameter~ The record is preferably recorded to be replayed while revolving at 33-1/3 RPM for play on ~tandard phonographs.
Each band 27 on each side of the record 21 is identified by a visual indicium. In the preferred embodiment shown, colors are used as the visual indicia.
Other indicia Are possible, but color is preferred because it can be readily discerned as the record ~1 is spinning on the phonograph turntable.
When color is used as the identifier with seven bands per side of the recording, the inventor has found the color pattern shown in Figure 2 to be advantageous.
Beginning with the outer band 27a as band #1, band #1 is pink; band #2, 27b, is red; band #3, 27c, is orange; band #4, 27d, is yellow; band ~5, 27e, is green; band #6, 27f, is blue; and band #7, 27g, is purple.

E`or the rings having the visual indicia to accurately identify the bands of recording, the color rings should align with the modulated groove of the corresponding band of modulated groove so the modulated groove begins at the outer edge of the colored ring. A blank space 29 is provided between each band, which may be white.
The white, or "blank," color ring aligns with the silent space between the recorded bands 27.
With the bands 27 identified for the user, the recording can present nonsequential branching segments of information that allows the user to select among different bands. Near the end of one segment of recording, the user might be asked to choose from among a plurality of options. The ins~ructions may designate a particular band, preferably as identified by its visual indicium, for each option offered. For exa~ple, the recorded information in the first band 27a, which, referring to the embodiment shown in Figure 2, is identified by the color pink, may include instructions for the user to select among alternatives provided. The user might be given the choice of options A or B. The user is instructed that if he selects option A, he should move the stylus to the yellow band 27d, but that if he selects option B, he should move the stylus to the green band ~e.
The ability of the user to select among different segments of a recording by selecting visually identified bands on a phonograph record in response to instructions from the recorded information enables a wide variety of educational and entertainment purposes to be carried out using relatively simple and inexpensive technology.
Although ~he recording of the invention is useful for a variety of applications, including adult games and instruction, the preferred embodiment will be described here as applied to a recording of a children's story.
~ser selection of recorded segments allows a children's story to be recorded so as to allow the child-listener to ~2~2~

exercise control over the direction of the story. Such a story can be created and recorded using the concept of "branching."
In a branched story, at the end of some or all of the segments of the story~ the user is presented with a choice to be made. The user selects different segnents of the recorded story based on his or her choice. For example, a recording of seven segments in which two options are given at the end of each segment can contain four different stories formed of those segments. Segment A may be the first segment, and offer the listener the option of choosing segment B or segment C to follow it. From segment B, the listener may be offered the choice of ~ and E, for two optional endings. If, at the end of segment A, 1~ the listener selects segment C instead of segment ~, options F and G may be offered. Thus, the following sequences of segments are possible: A~, A~E, ACY, AC~.
The story is written so that regardless of the selections made from the choices offered, the story makes sense.
To illustrate how a branched story on the multiple segment recording works, a specific example will be discussed. The story is entitled l'Artie's Birthday Adventure." This story includes fourteen segments, seven of which are recorded on each side of the phonograph record 21. Each segment is recorded on one of the bands or rings 27.
In the following example the segments arë numbered according to the bands on which they are recorded, and the positions of those bands on the phonograph record~
The segments are thus numbered consecutively from the outside of the first side of the record. Thus, segment #l is recorded on the outer band 27a o~ the first side, segment #2 is recorded on the next band 27b, and segment #7 is recorded on the innermost band 27g on the first side. Segment ~8 is recorded on the outer band of the second side of the record, and segment #14 is recorded on the innermost ring of the second side. In this example, the bands are identified by their color~ and the side of the record on which they are recorded.
The following is a brief synopsis of the fourteen segments used to make up the story.
"A~TIE'S hL~THDAY ADVEN~U~E"
Sally tells Artie she has sent him a birthday present but, since it hasn't arrived yet, Artie goes on a search for it ~nd has many varied adventures.
SEGMENT ~1. (Pink band 27a, side 1) If a play field or other physical layout is used in conjunction with the recorded story, the narrator gives instructions for setting that up. The story begins: Artie gets a call from Sally and finds out 1~ that his birthday present from her is lost in the mail~ He walks to the Post Office to check for it and then can go either: a) home to check his mail box [listener instructed to play the Yellow band on side 2] or, b) to the store where the present was bought and see if it has been mailed [listener instructed to play the Red band on side 1~.
S~GM~NT #2. (Red band 27b, side 1) Artie arrives at the store and has to decide what to do: a) check with the toy department on the first floor .~listener.
instructed to play Orange band on side 1], b) chec~
customer service on the second floor [listener instructed to play the Green band on side 1], or c) check the basement [listener instructed to play the Yellow band on side 1].

3~ SEGMENT ~3. (Orange band 27c, side 1) Artie, on , .
the first floor of the store, must either a) look around the toy department to.see if he can figure out what Sally may have bought him [listener instructed to play the Purple band on side 1] or b) go ask about his pre.sent at the gift wrap department ~listener instructed to play the Blue band on side 1~.

r~

SEGMENT #4. ~Yellow band 27d, side 1) Artie takes the elevator to the basement~ where he is frightened and leaves by an outside door~ There he sees two men jump out of a trash dumpster and run.
One of them has a package and Artie must decide to either a) follow the men [listener instructed to play the Red band on side 2] or, b) look in the dumpster llistener instructed to play the Pink band on side 2].
SEGMENT #5. (Green band 27e, side 1) Artie goes to customer service and asks Clark the Clerk if he knows anything about his present. Artie's present was sent to the wrong address. Artie hurries to the wrong address to search for his present. He arrives to discover it is Richard's house and there is a surprise party for Artie. The end.
SEGMENT_#6. (Blue band 27f, side 1) Artie goes to the gift wrap department and, since nobody is there, he starts snooping around and falls into a ~0 large wooden crate that is loaded onto a delivery truck. At its destination the box is opened. Artie is discovered and Artie discovers that the crate contained a bike for him delivered to his house. He then goes to Sally's house to thank her. [Listener instructed to play the Blue band on side 2,3 SEGMENT #7. (Purple band 27g, side 1) Artie gets distracted looking at toys in the toy department and is there until closing time. [Listener instructed to choose either the Pink band on side 1, or the Orange band on side 1.~
SEGMENT #8. (Pink band, side 2) Artie climbs into the dumpster, only to be picked up by Stinky Stretch in the trash truck and ~aken to the du~p.
When the truck is emptied Stinky discovers Artie. He calls for Police Wagon Willie who comes and takes Artie home. [Listener instructed to play the Orange band on side 2.~

5~

SEGMENT #9. (Ked band, side 2) Artie follows the thieves, Suspicious Sid and Sidekick Sam, and they lead him to their hideout t where they capture him, tie him up, and leave him in the closet. A
neighbor sees what is happening and calls the police, who rescue Artie. He is taken home and then goes to Sally's to tell her what happened. [Listener instructed to play the Blue band on side 2~
SEGMENT #10. (Orange band, side 2) Police Wagon Willie takes Artie home, where he bathes and goes back to the store. ~Listener instructed to play the Red band on side 1.]
SEGMENT #11. (Yellow band, side 2) Artie goes home to check his mailbox, which turns out to be empty. Now he either a) follows the mailman's route to try and catch him and, hopefully his present [listener instructed to play the Green band, side 2], or b) goes to see if Sally's mail has arrived yet [listener instructed to play the Blue band, side 2.]
SEGMENT ~12. (Green band, side 2) Artie follows the mailman's route but ran't catch up with him.
Then he hears music and follows the sound to the park. [Listener instructed to play the Purple band, side 2.]
SEGMENT #13. (Blue band, side ~) Artie goes to Sally's just as she is sneaking out the back door but he finds a note telling him to go to the park.
[Listener instructed to play the Purple band, side ~-]
SEGMENT #14. (Purple band, side 2) Everybody in town goes to the park and Artie arrives last. It is a surprise birthday party for Artie. He gets presents. The end.

The chart of Figures 3a and 3b maps out the branches available for the story, based on the options given in PS2~3 each segment. Each large circle in the figure represents a colored band or recorded segment of side 1 or side 2 of the record. Segments 1-7 are recorded on side 1, and shown in ~igure 3a. Segments 8-14 are recorded on side 2 5 and shown in Figure 3b. The small circles indicate movement to or from the opposite side of the record. The line with arrows indicate the possible directions of play resulting from the choices offered in the script. The heavily outlined circles represent the two end segments 10 provided in the script for "Artie's ~irthday Adventure."
Thus, using this map, the various options and possible story paths can be traced.
Referring to Figure 3a, the user listening to Segment ~1 is given the option of selecting Segment #~ or segment 15 #11 (on side 2 of the record). If he chooses Segment #~, he then is given the selection of any of Segments #3, #4, or #5. Segment #5 is an ending segment for the story.
The inventor has found that there are forty-six story sequences possible from the fourteen segments outlined in 20 the story synopsis of "Artie's Birthday Adventure" given above and shown in Figures 3a and 3b.
By properly composing the story segments and the choices provided, the story always makes sense, regardless of which combination of routes is taken, assuming the user 25 selects only the choices offered in each segment.
Because of the various stories available by mixing the story segments, the inventor has found that a single twelve inch phonograph record can provide significantly greater entertainment value for children than a 30 sequentially played recording. Through testing, the inventor has found that children continue to play with the recording until they have exhausted all of the choice options and all the branches in the story. Through such testing, the inventor has found that a recording of 35 "Artie's Birthday Adventure," with fourteen seg~ents, each approximately three minutes long, having a to~al of 42 .5~ 9 -12~
minutes of recorded material, can give the listener/user who plays out all the choices provided approximately 117 minutes of entertainment. This expands the value of the single phonograph record to the equivalent of a three S record set. If the child were to listen to all 46 possible complete story lines, the child can obtain even greater entertainment value from the invention.
~ or longer stories or for other uses, the recording may include more than one record, with the instructions lO identifying a selection by a particular band on a identified record side in the set.
As identified by ehild development psychologists, answering questions and making choices are key stimuli for growth and child development. Thus, the nonsequential lS segmented recording of the invention, which requires the child listener to make choices between options, provides an important developmental tool for children that is inexpensive, easy to use, and provides for a large variety of applications.
As is shown by the example of "Artie's Birthday Adventure," it is not necessary that a choice be presented at the end of every segment. The listener may simply be instructed to play another band or ring. Nor need the choice be limited to two options. Virtually any number of 25 selections may be presented.
Each side of the record 21 may include, in one preferred embodiment, just a single groove in the surface of the record disk, spiralin~ from near the perime~er oE
the record to a lock groove near the center. Ungrooved or 30 "dead" space 31 at the very outer perimeter provides an area for the user to place the stylus to begin piaying the record. A conventional lead-in groove catches the stylus to direct it into the modulated groove of the first band. The groove is modulated (con~ains recorded 35 infor~ation) in each of the bands, and is not modulated in the rings 29 between the bands 27, giving a silent area for the user-listener to lift the stylus at the end of a segment, and to provide an area for the stylus to be placed at the beginning of a selected band. The groove of such a phonograph record would be similar to the groove of 5 a modern conventional multiple segment sequential recording, such as a record containing a number of separate musical selec~ions, each separated by silence.
In another preferred embodiment, the groove of each band 27 ends in a lock groove, so that when the stylus has 10 moved through the band and played the information recorded on the spiral groove of that band, the stylus ceases moving radially inward, and simply follows the circular lock groove. A smooth surface or "dead area" 29 is provided between adjacent bands to space the bands apart 15 and provide t~e user an area in which to set the stylus to play each inner band. The smooth ring 2~ has no groove crossing it between the adjacent bands. Each inner band begins with a lead-in groove, which is essentially identical to the lead-in groove used at the beginning of a 20 conventional phonograph record and at the beginning of the outer band 27a of the record of the preferred embodimen~
of the invention.
The size of the bands 27 may vary, depending on the informatlon recorded thereon. For simplicity of 25 manufacturing, it is preferred that each band be identical in width. For the recording having seven segments per side, as shown in ~igure 2, each band 27 is ideally 13/32 inch in wid~h, with the dead space 29 between each band being 3/32 inch wide. This yields a total recorded 30 area 3-13/32 wide from the outermost groove of the first band 27a to the lock groove of the innermost band 27g.
The bands are colored using available, known picture disk technology. A piece of material, such as a printed paper insert with the visual information~ in this case the colored rings, is sandwiched between layers of clear vinyl so the material printed on the cardboard shows through the 2~9 vinyl. The recording is pressed onto the vinyl using standard record pressing techniques. The master recording must be carefully prepared and the record carefully pressed to ensure ~hat the recording and the visual information on the cardboard insert align. The recording for each band (modulated groove) should begin where the coloring of the band begins. The cardboard insert may have white strips between the colored bands that align with the dead space 29 or unmodulated groove area between adjacent bands. These strips should also align perfectly as practical.
A single modulated groove can be cut in the surface of two or more color bands 27 and across ~he space 29 between the color bands, so a single "segment" of recorded information covers two colored bands of the record, giving more time for that particular segment. This arrangement allows the recording of segments longer than the standard band segment length, while still allowing the convenience of manufacture and use that are associated with having a uniform band width on the record. The selections provided in the story or other material must be carefully written so as not to direct the listener/user to select bands that begin in the middle of an extended seg~ent.
Visual indicia other than color, such as numbers, symbols, letters, or other designs may be used to identify the bands Color is preferred because it is easy to distinguish as the record rotates on the turntable. The colors of the bands may be identically reproduced in the same sequence on both sides of the record, or they may be 3~ reversed to distinguish side 1 of the record from side 2. Of course, the order of the colors or- the colors themselves may differ from that shown in Figure 2.
The multiple segment recording of the invention can also be used for instru~tional information. For example, a question can be presented, and the lis~ener asked ~o select an answer from among two or more choices. The ~2~3SZ~

listener is instructed to select a particular band 27 of the recording as identified by its visual indicium depending on the answer selected. The recording in the selected bands can give the appropriate response to the 5 listener/student.
When the recording is used wi~h older children or with adults, visual identification of the bands may not be necessary. The bands might be identified by their position on the record such as "the third band from the 10 outside." Each band may have a number or letter assigned to it to facilitate identification, so band #1 might be the outer band, band #2 the adjacent band~ and so forth.
Alternative Embodiment Incorporating Random Segment Selection As an alternative to having a single spiral groove or track in each ring providing a single recorded segment in the band, it is possible to cut two or more nested, or parallel, spiral ~rooves in at least some o~ the bands 27, to provide multiple portions or aLternative segments in 20 the band. These multiple grooves can provide a certain amount of randomness to the segment selection process.
The parallel spiral grooves in a single band are referred to here as "coils." Each band is still identified by some visual indicium, such as a color, so 25 the user can select the band based on that visual indicium. However, it is preferred that each separate coil or groove in the band not be individually visually identified.
When this randomi~ation feature is desired, it is 30 preferred that each band end in a lock groove adjacent its inner edge, so that the modulated groo~es of each band are completely independent of the modulatea grooves of the adjacent bands. Each groove of a band begins with a lead-in or access point that is equally spaced around the 35 perimeter of the band from the other lead-ins. For example, a band having two coils preferably has two 52~

starting points 33, 35 spaced 180 apart. A band with three coils has starting points 37, 39, 41 spaced 120 apart. When the stylus is placed on the dead space between the bands, it slips into one of ~he lead-ins according to which access point the stylus is nearest as the record rotates. The choice of grooves is therefore not under the control of the user/listener, and is substantially random.
Below is a synopsis of the ~irst three bands of the story "Artie's Birthday Adventure," in which the second and third bands each have three coils or parallel spiral grooves. The recorded segment portion of each coil within a band i5 identified by a decimal designation.
The following synopsis illustrates the choices available to the listener and the random results possible when that band is played.
"ARTIE'S BIRTHDAY ADVENTURE"
Sally tells Artie she has sent him a birthday present but since it has not arrived yet he goes on a search for it and has many and varied adventures looking ,for it~
SEGMENT #1 (Side 1 Pink ring 27a - no coils).
The narrator giv~s instructions for setting up the play field, if one is used. The story begins: Artie gets a call from Sally and finds out that his birthday present from her is lost in the mail. He walks to the Post Office to check for it, then he can either: a) go home to check his mail box [listener instructed to play segment #11] or, b) go to the store where the present was bought and see if it has been mailed [listener instructed to play segment ~2].
SEGMENT #2.1 (side 1 Red ring 27b - coil #1.) Artie arrives at the store and must decide what to do: a) check with the toy department on the first floor [listener instructed to play segment #3], b) check customer service on the second floor llistener 5~9 plays lt5~, or c) check the basement ~listener instructed to play segment #4~.
SEGMENT #2.2 (Side 1 Red ring 27b - coil #2.) On his way to the store Artie finds a five dollar bill. Then another and another. Artie sees two men, one of whom is carrying a bag from which the money is falling. He decides to run and catch the men so he can give the money back. ~Listener instructed to play segment #9.]
SEGM~NT~ .3 (Side 1 Red ring 27b - coil #3.) Artie walks to the store. He takes a short cut through the alley behind the store. Two men come out the side door of the store, throw something into the trash dumpster and run past Artie into the street.
Artie ~ust either a) follow the men [listener instructed to play segment #9] or b) look in the dumpster [listener instructed to play segment #~].
SEGMENT #3.1 (Side 1 ~range ring 27c - coil #1.) Artie, on the first floor of the store, mus~
either a) look around the toy department to see if he can figure out what Sally may have bought him [listener instructed ~to play segment #7] or, b) go ask about his present at the gift wrap department [listener instructed to play segment #6].
SEGMENT #3.2 (Side 1 Orange ring 27c - coil _ _ . . . _ _ . _ _ #2.) Two thieves run past Artie on the first floor of the store and knock him into a perfume display.
Police Wagon Willie can't catch them and offers to rake Artie home so he can clean up. ~Listener instructed to play seg~ent #10.~
SEGMENT #3.3 (Side 1, Orange ring ~7c - coil #3.) Artie is on the first floor of the store near the cosmetics counter when there is a green light special. During the ladies' mad rush to the counter a bottle of perfume is spilled on Artie. ~olice Wagon Willie has just gone off duty and offers to 5~

take Artie home so he can clean up. ~Listener instructed to play segment #10].

The inventor has devised a complete synopsis for the 5 story of "Artie's Birthday Adventure" incorporating 14 bands, four of which have two parallel spirals or coils, and five of which have three coils. The remaining segments or bands have no coils, having only a single groove, Figures 4a and 4b show a map of the story 10 segments as devised by the inventor for that synopsis.
This map uses essentially the same identifying information as the map shown in Figures 3a and 3b.
The arrowed lines in the ~lap of Figures 4a and 4b contain numbers, such as 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, etc., designating 15 the individual coils on which the path is available. For example, band #2 (circle #2 in Figure 4a) has three coils, identified as segments #2.1, #2.2, and #2.3. When the user selects segment #2, the stylus may enter any of these three coils. If segment #2.1 is selected, the available 20 options given lead to band #3, band #4, or band #5. Thus, three arrows leading from circle #~ are identified #2.1, one each leading to circles #3, #4, and #5. Segmen~ #2.3 (band ~2, coil #3) permits a choice of either band #8 or band #9. Thus, two arrows leading from circle #2 are 25 identified #2.3. Segment #2.2 permits no choice, and leads only to band ~9.
Continuing to refer to circle ~2, representlng band #2, the graph illustrates that this band may be reached from any of four segments. Band #2 may be 30 selected from segment #1, segment #9.2, segment ~t10.1, or segment #11.3. Using this chart or map, one can follow the available story paths.
For the s~ory devised and represented in the map of Figures 4a and 4b, the inventor has identi~ied over 1>00~
35 possible complete story lines, having different combinations of story segments. Based on experiments conducted by the inventor, it is estimated that to play all segments of ~he recording and experience al1 the choices accordino to the directions, the phonograph record would need to be played at leas~ 12 times, with a minimum playing time of over 120 minutes, Thus, the user~listener receives the benefit of receiving the equivalent of a three-record set having 120 minutes of recorded material from a single phonograph record.
The availability of random options in certain tracks or bands is quite valuable for recorded instruction~l material. For example, in management instruction, the listener could be presented with a scenario, and asked to make a choice as to how he or she would respond, selecting different bands depending upon the answer. The randomization feature permitted by the multiple coils in the selected bands would allow for different responses to be given each representing a reaction representing a different type of employee to the situation se~ up by the user/listener, The inventor has found that the embodiment in which a random selection is made among two or more tracks within a band is not suitable ~or ~he very youngest of children.
It has been found that preschool children tend to have a strong association between the band and the ~aterial re~orded thereon. If a second time they play the band a different audio presentation is made than was made the first ~ime, the children may react negatively to it.
However, for the older children, this randomization option can be very valuable for providing added interest to the story.
An embodiment of the recording including parallel spiral grooves in at least one band may be used in other situations in which an element of randomness is desired in segments of a recording. In such an embodiment, the recording may be such that visual identification of the bands is not necessary~

~ ~7~ S 2 Variations_to the Audio Recording Another alternative for providing an element of randomness to the recorded segments is to cut the record with several parallel spirals running all the way from the outer edge of the record through to the center, without a lock groove at the end of any of the bands 27. Each groove is modulated, or has recorded information, in each band 27. These bands may again be identified by visual indicia, such as color. Between the bands, each of the parallel grooves is unmodulated. The unmodulated and modulated portions of the parallel grooves must align with each other as perfectly as possible, so that bands of parallel modulated grooves alternate with bands of unmodulated grooves (blank space), each having clearly defined beginning and end.
The infor~ation recorded in each groove of a band may instruct the listener to select another band, perhaps including a choice of different bands. When the listener selects a band, one of the several parallel spirals will be selected essentially at random, and a story or instructional variation will be provided if different segments are recorded in the different parallel spirals.
If a particular band is to have only one recorded segment option, the same recorded m terial is included on all the parallel spirals through that band.
Phonograph The recording of the invention can be played on conventional, available, inexpensive playback equipment.
For example, the phonograph record of the preferred embodiment can be played on a standard phonograph having a rotating turntable or platter and a hand-operable tone arm carrying the stylus. With the bands 27 visually identifiable by the user, the user can move the tone arm until the stylus is aligned with the dead or blank space 29 just preceding the band selected, then lower the tone arm to place the stylus on the record surface. Thus, no special equipment such as the expensive multitrack video or audio tape playback machines or the complicated and costly microcomputer controlled laser disk players for video and audio disks, is needed.
~or certain applications, however, such as for extremely young children, it ~ay be desirable to provide a phonograph that does not require manual manipulation o~
the tone arm. An example of such a phonograph 43 is shown in Figure ~. That phonograph 43 ~ay best be constructed 10 for use with the phonograph record 21 embodying the invention if the records are manufactured all with corresponding bands 27 having the same width. Thus, if the color scheme shown in Figure 2 is used, the beginning of the red band 27b is at the same position on each record 15 manufactured in the series. Similarly, the beginning of the blue band 27f is at the same position on each record intended to be used with that phonograph 43. The phonograph shown in Figure 5 has mechanical or electromechanical controls for moving the tone arm 45 from band to band without the user directly manipulating the tone arm. Such control mechanism would allow children to use the device without the risk of damage to the record.
The phonograph may include a lever 47 that can be placed in any of a series of slots 49, each slot 49 corresponding to one of the bands 27 ~f the phonograph record 21. Alternatively, buttons or other controls may be provided for selecting the band. Thus, when the instruction near the end of one band provides a choice of either, for example, the green band 27e or the yellow band 30 27d, the user may make his selection by either placing the lever 47 in the appropriate slot 49, or by pressing the proper button. The control mechanism lifts the tone arm of the phonograph and moves it to the appropriate place, setting it down so the stylus is at the beginning of the 35 selected band or segment 27.

;2~

The slots or buttons 49 have indicia corresponding to the visual indicia on the bands of the record. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, which is intended to be used with the preferred phonograph record shown in Figures 1 5 and 2, the slots 49 are coded with colors corresponding to the colors of the bands. If other indicia are used on the record to identify the bands, corresponding indicia can identify the slots or buttons on the phonograph, The phonograph having mechanical or electromechanical 10 manipulation of the tone arm is simplest i~ all the bands have the same width. If all the bands are the same width, the controls can select the proper bands based on the standard increment.
Alternative Recording ~edia The multiple segment, nonsequential recording described above as embodied in a phonograph record can also be embodied by the use of other recording media, such as audio cassette tapes or video tape cartridges. Kather than color coded or other visually identified bands on a 20 phonograph record, color coded cassettes of audio tape or of video tape are identified with visual indicia, with each cassette containing recorded information corresponding to one of the phonograph record bands~ If only one option is to be provided for each selectable 25 segment, so no randomization is present, one segment is recorded on each cassette. For audio cassettes, the same recording may be ~ade on both sides of the cassette tape to eliminate the need to rewind the tape at the end of each play.
With audio cassettes, randomization can be provided by having a different recorded segment on each side of the cassette tape, so that which segment is played depends upon which side of the cassette is cued up ready to be played. If more than two options are desired, more than 35 one segment may be recorded on one or more sides of the tapeO Protective plastic leader tape may be included ~5~5~

between recorded segments so the magnetic tape is not exposed to possible damage when the cassette is removed from the playback machine at the end of a segment.
With video tape cartridges, randomization can be 5 provided by including two or more segments on the same tape cartridge, so that one time the segment is played, the first segment is replayed, but the next time that particular cartridge is played, the second segment is played, and so forth, until the end of the tape is 10 reached, and rewinding is necessary. To protect the tape when the cartridge is removed from the playback apparatus and it is between segments on the tape) a clear plastic leader may be included between the tape sections.
Play Mat Game boards have been used for thousands of years, providing the "battlefield" terrain for the contest.
Kecently, action ~igures have been provided with a terrain made of printed cardboard or toy cars are accompanied with city ætreets printed on a sheet of plastic. These are 20 two-dimensional play fields. Elaborate military sets for war games provide three-dimensional terrains.
In addition, approximately 100 years ago "theater toys" were popular. These theater toys were provided with a specific cast of characters for each play, and a 25 script. Today, many toys are supplemented with a comic book or phonograph record with sound effects or script to enhance the fantasy play value o the play field or toy board.
But, these additional in~ormation eystems with the toy 30 tend ~o be passive, rather than interactive. A puppet show sound track, or the sound track provided with an action figure set has the limi~ation of becoming too familiar after a few listens, thus lessening its entertainment value for a child.
The multiple segment nonsequential recording described above provides an opportunity to provide sophisticated ::IL2.5i~!52~

audio pro~ramming for the user, but still retaining the user's use of creativity and the user's involvement, as is especially desirable in children's plày.
Essentially any two or three-dimensional object(s) can 5 be designed as the actor(s) or tracker(s) to follow an information path o~ the interactive programming of the recordin~. The terrain for the actor(s) may be a two-dimensional area 61 or a three-dimensional play space 63. This combination of the user programmable recorded 10 information and a two or three-dimensional scenario area can be used not only for children's toys, but also for a variety of educational and game applications. For toy applications, the inventor has designed a play field to coordinate with an interactive presentation. This combination provides a great deal of interaction for the child, greatly increasing the play value of the set over a simple sequential script.
The action scenes are programmed into the multiple segment nonsequential recording. The information on the 20 recording provides a scenario upon which the two- or three-dimensional characters are moved on the play field 61, 63. The two-dimensional field 61 or three-dimensional play area 63 contains representations of roads, buildings, clues to mysteries, and other feedback and interactive 25 features. Thus, the user carries out the action of the story from the recording on the play area and receives information and feedback from the trackers or play area.
For example, the play field 61 shown in Figure 6 is one play area that may be suitable to be used with a recording 30 Of "Artie's Birthday Adventure."
The play area may be either two-dimensional, as shown in Figure 6, or three-dimensional, as shown in Figure 7.
The two-dimensional play area ~l shown in Figure 6 includes four squares 65, 67, 69, 71 of a rigid material, 35 such as cardboard. These squares are flexibly joined where they meet 73, 75, 77 except for one place 79, to 5~i~

facilitate folding and storage. The three-dimensional area shown in ~igure 7 is formed of four squares ~ 3, 85, 87 of a rigid material, such as cardboard, joined together to form a large square, with two of the squares 5 81, 87 not joined together where they meet.
The four squares 81, 83, 85, 87 of the three-dimensional play area are joined to one another so that one square 83 forms the base of the three dimensional play area and the three other squares 81, 85, 87 form the 10 backdrop. In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, the base square 83 is joined to a first backdrop square 81 along one edge 91, and to a second backdrop square 85 along another, adjacent edge 93. The second backdrop square 85 is also joined to a third backdrop square 87 along the ~5 side 95 adjacent the side joined ~o the base square.
The joints 91, 93, g5 between the panels 81, 83, 85, ~7 are preferably flexible, so the play area can be modified. Specifically, the joint 95 between the second and third backdrop squares 85, 87 is flexible so that the 20 third background square 87 can be folded back away from ~he base square 83. The joint 91 between the base 83 and the first backdrop square 81 is also flexible so that the first backdrop square 81 can be raised to a vertical position. The first and third backdrop squares 81, ~7 form ~5 interchangeable backdrop scenes. The scenes on the first and third backdrop squares 81, 87 are different, so that by changing them, the background for the play area can be changed. ~owever, they both coordinate with the second backdrop scene square 85.
Other arrangements for a three-dimensional play area are also possible. For example, the first backgro~d square 81 may be joined to the base square 83 along ~he edge opposite the edge to which the second backdrop 85 is attached, to fold up and form a third vertical wall for 35 the play area. Alternatively, three vertical backdrop walls 81, 85, 87 can be provided by joining the first s~

backdrop square 81 to the third backdrop square ~7 along the edge of the third bac~ground square opposite the edge to which it is joined to the second backdrop square 85, and the first background square ~1 is not joined to the 5 base square 83. Other possible arrangements will be apparent upon inspection~
Either the two dimensional play area 61 shown in Figure 6 or the three-dimensional play area 63 shown in Figure 7 may be formed in such a way as to fold up to 10 become a package or jacket for the phonograph record 21.
To perform that function, each small square of the play area is approximately 12 inches square, approximately the diameter of the phonograph record~ The small squares are flexibly joined as described above. Adjacent squares are 15 all flexibly connected to each other along the lines at which they meet, except for where the first and fourth squares meet.
To form the record jacket of the two-dimensional board 61 of Figure 6, the fourth square 71 is folded over onto 20 the third cquare 69. The record 21 is placed on top ~f the second square 67, and the first square 65 is folded over on top of it, as shown by the arrow in Figure 8, to yield the arrangement shown in Figure 9. The third and fourth panels 69, 71 then are folded over as shown in Figures ~ and 9 atop the first and second panels 65, 67 and the record 21, to form the completed package.
The three-dimensional play area shown in Figure 7 ~ay similarly fold up to form a jacket for the record.
Referring to Figure 7, the third background square ~7 is 30 folded over onto the second 85. The record 21 is placed on the base 83, and the first background square 81 is folded over ito Then, the second and third background squares 85, 87 can be folded over onto the base ~3, first background square 81, and record 21, to form the completed 35 package~

52~

Pop-up three dimensional effec~s may also be included on the play field, either in the two-dimensional configuration shown in Figure 6 or in the three-dimensional configuration shown in Figure 7~
The multiple segment, nonsequential format of the recording yields dozens of different stories on one phonograph record or other recording medium, as described above. Using the same recording and play area, the child can act out dozens of different stories, giving hours of 10 play time.
One of the important benefits the inventor has identified that can result from the manipulation of three-dimensional characters through a multiple-choice story is the value of "role playing" games. Particularly, moral t5 behaviorists have found that in tests, participants respond with a high level of moral reasoning when given a moral dilemma in writing. Yet, they demonstrate lower quality moral behavior when faced with a true life situation. A story presented on the multiple segment, 20 nonsequential recording of the invention allows choices to ~e provided for the child at the end of many of the segments. The child then has the opportunity to choose different responses to a situation, and vicariously experience with the toy characters the consequences of his 25 choice by actually performing the actions that result from the decision made. That experience of moving the toy character through the consequences of a moral decision reinforces and enhances the implementation of high moral thinking with physical execution.
A number of variations are possible using a combination of an interactive play field and a multiple segment user programmable recording. One is that the play field may be a sculptured board with "walking tracks" for use by wind-up or other powered toys. Thus, on cue, the 35 child listener can push t~e start button of the particular ~2~EP52~

wind-up character, and have it "walk" to its next destination in the story.
For particularly young children- a useful variation is to provide color coded mini-dolls for use on the play field and coordinate those dolls with the recorded script to correspond to the color band being played. For example, the story can be written so that when the pink band of the recording is played, the pink character is involved in the story line, and can be moved according to the directions. At the end of the band, the child will be given the option to select one of several colors of~ered, and the corresponding character can be moved.
The applications for this variation for preschool children seem particularly interesting.

Claims (42)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive right or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A user interactive recording, comprising:
a phonograph record disk having a plurality of user selectable recorded segments on one side thereof, said recorded segments forming concentric annular bands on said record disk;
at least some of said recorded segments ending in lock-off grooves;
the location on the record disk of each of said selectable recorded segments is identified by a visual indicium; and at least some of said recorded segments having an initial program portion ending in a multiple choice selection portion, wherein said multiple choice selection portion instructs the user to select another segment from a plurality of specified segments.

2. The user interactive recording of Claim 1, wherein at least one of said bands includes a plurality of alternative recorded segments.

3. The user interactive recording of Claim 2, wherein said separate alternative segments of a single band are not individually identified by visual indicia.

4. The user interactive recording of Claim 1, additionally comprising an apparatus bearing visual information related to and coordinating with the material recorded on at least some of said recorded segments to provide interactive feedback to the user.

5. The user interactive recording of Claim 4, wherein said apparatus bearing visual information comprises a tracker for manipulation on a field.

6. The user interactive. recording of Claim 4, wherein said apparatus bearing visual information comprises a play area comprising a plurality of sections of rigid material, wherein:

a first section is flexibly joined along one edge to a first edge of an adjacent second section;
a second edge of said second section is flexibly joined to a first edge of a third section; and a second edge of said third section is flexibly joined to a first edge of a fourth section.

7. The user interactive recording of Claim 6, wherein said recording medium is a phonograph record disk and said sections of rigid material are at least as large as said phonograph record disk so that said rigid material can be folded over said phonograph record disk to form a covering for said phonograph record disk.

8. The user interactive recording of Claim 1, wherein the visual indicium comprises separated, colored bands with substantially smooth annular rings between said bands, said annular rings containing no recorded material.

9. The user interactive recording of Claim 1, wherein the visual indicium comprises colored bands, each band being colored with a different color.

10. The user interactive phonograph record for play on a phonograph having a rotating platter and a stylus, the phonograph record comprising:
a circular substantially flat disk having a plurality of concentric annular bands, each band containing a prerecorded spiral groove for tracking by the stylus for playback;
each band is identified and distinguished from adjacent bands by a visual identifier which is different from the visual identifier for each of the adjacent bands;
at least some of said bands having a plurality of parallel prerecorded spiral grooves such that, when the stylus is placed in such a band, the user cannot determine which of the parallel prerecorded spiral grooves will be replayed; and at least some of said bands having a prerecorded groove containing instructions which instruct the user to select a band from a plurality of specified bands.

11. The phonograph record of Claim 10, wherein the spiral groove of one of said bands is separate from the spiral groove of the adjacent band.

12. The phonograph record of Claim 11, wherein said disk has a plurality of rings, each such ring between two adjacent bands and wherein the ring between said two bands having separate spiral grooves has no groove crossing it.

13. The phonograph record of Claim 10, wherein the spiral groove of one of said bands is continuous with the spiral groove of an adjacent band, said continuous groove having an unmodulated segment between said adjacent bands.

14. The phonograph record of Claim 10, wherein the beginnings of each of said parallel grooves of a single band are circumferentially spaced around the edge of said band.

15. The phonograph record of Claim 14, wherein adjacent said edge of said band is an ungrooved area.

16. The user interactive phonograph record of Claim 10, wherein the visual identifiers comprise colored bands, each band being colored with a different color.

17. A user interactive system, comprising:
a plurality of stored recorded segments, said plurality of segments divided into a plurality of sets of segments, at least some of said recorded segment sets having more than one recorded segment;
means for selecting one of said recorded segment sets;
means responsive to said selection means for randomly selecting one of the segments of the selected segment set and for reproducing said randomly selected segment;
at least some of said segments including an initial program portion followed by a multiple choice selection portion directing the user to select one of a specified plurality of recorded segment sets.

18. The user interactive system of Claim 17, wherein said responsive means for randomly selecting one segment from the selected recorded segment set is mechanical.

19. The user interactive system of Claim 18, wherein said recorded segments are stored on a record disk in a plurality of concentric bands, each band containing one segment set and said means for selecting one of said recorded segment sets comprises a phonograph.

20. The user interactive system of Claim 19, wherein said random selection means comprises parallel cut, modulated grooves on said record disk.

21. The user interactive system of Claim 20, wherein said means for selecting one of said recorded segment sets comprises a manually operable tone arm mounted on said phonograph, said tone arm having a stylus mounted at the end thereof to provide for selection between segment sets.

22. The user interactive system of Claim 21, wherein the random selection occurs when the stylus is set down in a band having parallel cut, modulated grooves, each groove containing an alternate program portion.

23. A user interactive recording, comprising:
a phonograph record disk having a plurality of concentric bands, each band containing a prerecorded spiral groove;
means for visually identifying and distinguishing one band from another; and at least some of said bands having a prerecorded spiral groove extending from a point adjacent the outer edge of said bands to a point adjacent the inner edge of said bands, said prerecorded groove in each of said at least some bands containing an initial program portion beginning at the point adjacent the outer edge of the band and ending in a multiple choice selection portion, said selection portion ending at the point adjacent the inner edge of the band, wherein said multiple choice selection portion instructs the user to select another band from a plurality of specified bands.

24. The recording of Claim 23, wherein said visual identifying means comprises a visual identifier for each band, the visual identifiers for adjacent bands being different so that the adjacent bands may be easily distinguished.

25. The recording of Claim 24, wherein the visual identifier is color and the bands are identified and distinguished using various different colors.

26. A user interactive system comprising:
a plurality of stored recorded segments;
at least one of said plurality of stored recorded segments including an initial program portion followed by a multiple choice selection portion directing the user to select one of a specified plurality of recorded segments;
said specified plurality of recorded segments referred to in said multiple choice selection portion being identified and distinguished from one another by visual indicia; and an object bearing visual information related to and coordinating with the material recorded on said specified plurality of recorded segments to provide feedback to the user as the user listens to the recorded segments, said object bearing at least one visual indicium corresponding to the visual indicium identifying said at least one of said plurality of stored recorded segments.

27. The user interactive system of Claim 26 wherein said object bearing visual information is a play mat with representations of objects at various locations thereon corresponding to the material recorded on the segments.

28. The user interactive system of Claim 27 wherein said play mat includes at least one three dimensional structure representing one of said objects.

29. The user interactive system of any one of Claims 26, 27 and 28 wherein the visual indicia that identify and distinguish the stored recorded segments and said object bearing visual information are a plurality of colors.

30. The user interactive system of any one of claims 26, 27 or 28 wherein the visual indicia that identify and distinguish the stored recorded segments and said object bearing visual information are a plurality of colors and wherein the recorded segments are stored on a phonograph record disk and said specified plurality of recorded segments are recorded in concentric annular bands on said record, said bands being colored with a plurality of colors so that the bands can be readily identified and distinguished.

31. A method of operating a phonograph to reproduce a previously recorded story, comprising:
providing a record disk with a plurality of user selectable recorded story segments, said recorded segments forming concen-tric annular bands on said record disk, the location on the record disk of each of said bands being identified by a visual indicium, a majority of said recorded segments presenting a plurality of alternative story line options at the conclusion thereof, offering the user a choice between two or more different lines of story development;
replaying a first recorded story segment followed by a first series of alternative story line options;
selecting one of said story line options by manual actuation; and replaying, in response to said selecting step, a story segment corresponding to the selected story line option, said recorded segments forming a continuous narrative story, the characteristics of which are dependent upon the user's inter-active selection.

32. The method of operating a phonograph as defined in Claim 31, wherein at least some of said concentric bands include a plurality of alternative recorded story segments which are not identified separately to the user, and the second replaying step includes the step of randomly selecting only one of the plurality of alternative recorded story segments in response to said selecting step.

33. The method of operating a phonograph as defined in Claim 31, wherein the second replaying step replays a second recorded segment and a second series of alternative story line options, said method further comprising the steps of:
selecting another one of said story line options from the series of options presented at the end of the previous story segment by manual actuation;
replaying, in response to the last selecting step, a story segment corresponding to the selected story line option;
repeating the latter two selecting and replaying steps with succeeding recorded segments until a concluding story line option is selected; and replaying a story segment corresponding to the concluding story line option to end the story.

34. A method of reproducing recorded material, comprising:
providing a plurality of stored recorded segments which are divided into a plurality of sets of segments, at least some of said recorded segment sets having more than one recorded segment and at least some of said recorded segments including an initial program portion followed by a series of branching options presented at the conclusion thereof, wherein the branching options specify a plurality of alternative segment sets;
replaying one segment from a first segment set, said segment including an initial program portion followed by a series of branching options presented at the conclusion thereof;

selecting one of the alternative segment sets specified in said series of branching options by manual actuation;
randomly selecting, in response to the previous selecting step, one of the recorded segments of the selected segment step; and replaying, in response to the random selection step, the randomly selected segment.

35. A method comprising:
providing a plurality of stored recorded segments which are divided into a plurality of sets of segments, at least some of said recorded segments sets having more than one recorded segment and at least some of said recorded segments including an initial program portion followed by a multiple choice selection portion directing the user to select one of a specified plurality of recorded segment sets, all of said recorded segments having program portions which relate to the same subject matter such that a cohesive unit is formed;
providing an object bearing visual information relating to and coordinating with the material recorded on at least one of the segments of said specified plurality of recorded segment sets, said object being sized for easy manual manipulation by the user;
providing a field for use with said objects, said field bearing visual information relating to and coordinating with the material recorded on at least one of said specified plurality of segments;
replaying one segment from a first segment set, said segment including an initial program portion followed by a multiple choice selection portion;
selecting one of the alternative segment sets specified in said multiple choice selection portion by manual actuation;

randomly selecting, in response to the previous selecting step, one of the recorded segments of the selected segment set;
replaying, in response to the random selection step, the randomly selected segment;
manually manipulating the object corresponding to the material on the segment being replayed over the field in accordance with the program.

36. A method, as defined in Claim 35, wherein at least some of said recorded segments are identifiably distinguished from one another by visual indicia.

37. A method, as defined in Claim 36, wherein said object bears visual indicia corresponding to the visual indicium identifying at least one of said plurality of recorded segment sets which refers to said object.

38. A method, as defined in Claim 37, wherein said field bears visual indicia corresponding to the visual indicium of at least one of said plurality of recorded segment sets and said object.

39. A user interactive system comprising:
a plurality of cassette tapes, each tape having a recorded segment thereon;
said plurality of cassette tapes being identified and distinguished from one another by a plurality of different visual indicia; and at least one of said segments on said cassettes including an initial program portion followed by a multiple choice selection portion directing the user to select one of a specified plurality of segments, at least some of which segments are recorded on other cassettes.

40. The user interactive system of Claim 39, wherein the cassette tapes are colored with a plurality of different colors so that they may be readily identified and distinguished.

41. The user interactive system of Claim 39, wherein the cassette tapes are audio cassette tapes.

42. The user interactive system of Claim 39, wherein the cassette tapes are video cassette tapes.