CA1247677A - Cable window lift for vehicles - Google Patents
Cable window lift for vehiclesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1247677A CA1247677A CA000484320A CA484320A CA1247677A CA 1247677 A CA1247677 A CA 1247677A CA 000484320 A CA000484320 A CA 000484320A CA 484320 A CA484320 A CA 484320A CA 1247677 A CA1247677 A CA 1247677A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- guide rail
- pane
- window lift
- window
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A cable window lift mechanism for automobiles and similar vehicles, which mechanism is mounted in a vehicle for adjusting a one-piece window pane with a plane having a shortened lateral groove guidance on one side of the pane is provided herein. The cable window lift mechanism comprises: (a) a vertical U-shaped guide rail; (b) a continuous cable mounted for vertical movement in the guide rail; (c) a drive roller connecting the cable for actuating the vertical movement; (d) a brace joined to the lower edge of the window pane and having guidance groove means extending perpendicularly to the vertical U-shaped guide rail;
(e) means connecting the brace to the cable and for sliding on the guide rail; and (f) a first support arm having a first end engaging the guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a first gear, and a second support arm having a first end engaging the guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a second gear. The first and second gears mutually mesh and are mounted for rotation on a plate which, in turn, is mounted on the guide rail. In this way, the support arms prevent tilting of the window pane in the direction of the plane of the window pane.
A cable window lift mechanism for automobiles and similar vehicles, which mechanism is mounted in a vehicle for adjusting a one-piece window pane with a plane having a shortened lateral groove guidance on one side of the pane is provided herein. The cable window lift mechanism comprises: (a) a vertical U-shaped guide rail; (b) a continuous cable mounted for vertical movement in the guide rail; (c) a drive roller connecting the cable for actuating the vertical movement; (d) a brace joined to the lower edge of the window pane and having guidance groove means extending perpendicularly to the vertical U-shaped guide rail;
(e) means connecting the brace to the cable and for sliding on the guide rail; and (f) a first support arm having a first end engaging the guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a first gear, and a second support arm having a first end engaging the guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a second gear. The first and second gears mutually mesh and are mounted for rotation on a plate which, in turn, is mounted on the guide rail. In this way, the support arms prevent tilting of the window pane in the direction of the plane of the window pane.
Description
7~
The present invention relates to cable window lif-ts for adjusting automobile window panes.
In window liEts of the prior art, the window pane is fastened to a drive implement which, in turn, slides on the guide rail. However, such window lifts suffer the drawback that the guidallce of the drive implement on the guide rail is inadequate per se reliably to prevent the pane from tilting in its plane.
Therefore the cable window lifts are mostly suited for those applications where the window pane is provided in the door frame with separate guide grooves extending over a substantial length.
However this is only the case for subdivided window panes.
As regards the modern panes which are of one piece, the groove guid.lnce for the forward pane edge as seen in -the direction of advance is shortened so that the pane is no longer secured a~ainst tilting in its plane.
It is an object of one aspect of the present inven-tion to provide a cable window lift remedying this drawback and offering a securing means for the window pane whereby this pane is secured against tilting even for shortened lateral groove guidance.
~) By one aspect of this invention, a cable window lift mounted in a vehicle is provided for adjusting a one piece window pane with a plane having a shortened lateral groove guidance on one side of the pane, the cable window lift comprising: (a) a vertical ~-shaped guide rail; (b) a continuous cable mounted for vertical movement in the guide rail; (c) a drive roller ~, . .
' -: ' .
' ~ ~
- : . ` . ~ ~
7~7~
connecting the cable for actuating the vertical movement; (d) a brace joined to the lower edge of -the window pane and having guidance groove means extending perpendicularly to the vertical ~-shaped guide rail; (e) means connecting the brace -to the cable and for sliding on the guide rail; and (f) a first support arm having a first end engaging the guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a first gear, and a second support arm having a first end engaging the guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a second gear, the first and second gears mutually meshing and mounted for rotation on a plate which, in turn, is mounted on the guide rail; whereby the support arms prevent tilting of the window pane in the direction of the plane of the window pane~
The plate may be fastened by a pivot through -the centers of the gears. Alternatively, the plate may be fixed to a door wall attached to the vehicle. Still further, the plate may be fixed t~ a cross-bar present in a door of -the vehicle and acting as impact protection.
The second ends of the support arms may be moun-ted for rotAtion on the gears having sleeves rotatably supporting the qears by means of a centered base.
The guidance groove means may be two slots, and the first ends of the support arms may have pins penetrating the slots.
Alternatively, the guidance groove means may be a continuous groove, and the first ends of the support arms may have balls engaging the continuous groove.
~" , ~,, , ,"~
7~7 In the accompanyir.g drawings, Figure 1 is a schematic view of a prior art motor vehicle door of an early type with long pane guidance grooves;
Figure ~ is a schematic view of a motor vehicle door of a more recent type with a pane guidance groove shorted on one side;
F.igure 3 is a view in elevation of the cable window lift of one aspect of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view through Figure 3, along the line IV-IV;
Figure S is a view in elevation of a brace with a guidance groove;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view through Figure 5 along the line VI-VI;
Figure 7 is a view in elevation of a window lift of one embodiment of the present invention for which the gears or the support arms are mounted to a door wall;
Fiyure 8 is a cross-sectional view through Figure 7 along the line VIII-VIII;
Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the mounting of the ~a gaars to n crossbar in the door acting as a protective means;
Figure 10 is a view in partial cros~-section showing the support of the gears directly in the door wall or a crossbar;
Figure 11 is a schema-tic view of -the window lit of another embodiment of the present invention for which the gears together with the support arms rest against the w.indow; and i: - . , ;~ .. .
;i77 - 3a -Figure 12 is a schematic view which shows the window lift oE
an embodiment of the present invention with scissor-type support arms.
In Figures l through 3, the window pane is designated by ~l), which is raised and lowered in a vehicle door (2) in the direction of the double arrow.
Figure 1 shows a vehicle door of an earlier type with an additional small pivot window (3). In this design, the pane (I) is guided laterally in guide frames (4). It is easily seen that tO the lateral guidance length A is always the same length, regardless of the adjusted height of the pane. In this door design, the purpose of the window lift is merely to move the pane (1) up and down and the window lift need not brace or secure the pane against lateral tilting.
;-: :
, ~ ~
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W&W 116~
Figure 2 shows a door (2a) of a more recent design which eliminates the pivot window (3). In this door the panel (l) is secured against tilting into the direction of the arrow B only when in the upper position because then the edge of the pane enters the peripheral guide frame (4').
If, however, the pane is lowered merely by a small amount, the guidance remaining on the right side of Figure 2 is merely a length "a". It is clear that the pane will now easily tilt in the direction of the arrow B.
This tilting is prevented by the cable window lift shown in Figures 3 and 4. In these Figures 3 and 4, U-shaped guide rail (5) of the cable window lift drives implement (6) sliding on the xail (5) and being pulled by cable (7) which, in turn, is moved by drive roller (8). These components are known elements of cable window lifts and require no further discussion.
Wide brace (ll) with an elongated slot (12) on one side and another slot (13) on tha other side is connected with the drive implement (6), i.e. with pane (1).
Plate (15), supporting two meshing gears (16, 17), is ~0 mounted by means of two spacer pins (14) on guide rail (5). Each gear is solidly joined to a support arm (18, 19) of which the other ends each penetrate the elongated slots (12, 13) by means of pins (18a, l9a).
Pane (lj now rests on pins (18a, 19a) and thereby is secured against tilting in the direction of the arrow B. It is emphasized in this respect that the gears and the support arms are unrelated to driving the pane. As before the pane drive is 7~
W&W 1164 carried out by cable ~7) and drive implement (5) and possibly also by brace ~ll) in the event the iatter is solidly joined to the pane besides being joined ~o the drive implemen~. Therefore the gears and the support arms merely act to support the pane.
Additionally, the support arms may also be divided into two parts which are connected to a hinge for instance at the level of dash-dot line (20). This is advantageous where curved panes are concerned due to the fact that when curved panes are displaced they follow the arc of a circle.
The engagement of the ends of the support arms in the brace in no way is restricted to the pin slot connection. For instance, a continuous groove might be provided in the direction of the elongated slots in the brace and might be engaged in posi-tive manner by balls or other molded or shaped parts fixed to the ends of the support arms, whereby on the one hand the ends of the support arms are inserted laterally into the groove and, on the other hand, are simultaneously secured there against being pulled out perpendicularly to the pane's direction of motion. In this res~ect, see Figures 5 and 6.
The present invention relates to cable window lif-ts for adjusting automobile window panes.
In window liEts of the prior art, the window pane is fastened to a drive implement which, in turn, slides on the guide rail. However, such window lifts suffer the drawback that the guidallce of the drive implement on the guide rail is inadequate per se reliably to prevent the pane from tilting in its plane.
Therefore the cable window lifts are mostly suited for those applications where the window pane is provided in the door frame with separate guide grooves extending over a substantial length.
However this is only the case for subdivided window panes.
As regards the modern panes which are of one piece, the groove guid.lnce for the forward pane edge as seen in -the direction of advance is shortened so that the pane is no longer secured a~ainst tilting in its plane.
It is an object of one aspect of the present inven-tion to provide a cable window lift remedying this drawback and offering a securing means for the window pane whereby this pane is secured against tilting even for shortened lateral groove guidance.
~) By one aspect of this invention, a cable window lift mounted in a vehicle is provided for adjusting a one piece window pane with a plane having a shortened lateral groove guidance on one side of the pane, the cable window lift comprising: (a) a vertical ~-shaped guide rail; (b) a continuous cable mounted for vertical movement in the guide rail; (c) a drive roller ~, . .
' -: ' .
' ~ ~
- : . ` . ~ ~
7~7~
connecting the cable for actuating the vertical movement; (d) a brace joined to the lower edge of -the window pane and having guidance groove means extending perpendicularly to the vertical ~-shaped guide rail; (e) means connecting the brace -to the cable and for sliding on the guide rail; and (f) a first support arm having a first end engaging the guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a first gear, and a second support arm having a first end engaging the guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a second gear, the first and second gears mutually meshing and mounted for rotation on a plate which, in turn, is mounted on the guide rail; whereby the support arms prevent tilting of the window pane in the direction of the plane of the window pane~
The plate may be fastened by a pivot through -the centers of the gears. Alternatively, the plate may be fixed to a door wall attached to the vehicle. Still further, the plate may be fixed t~ a cross-bar present in a door of -the vehicle and acting as impact protection.
The second ends of the support arms may be moun-ted for rotAtion on the gears having sleeves rotatably supporting the qears by means of a centered base.
The guidance groove means may be two slots, and the first ends of the support arms may have pins penetrating the slots.
Alternatively, the guidance groove means may be a continuous groove, and the first ends of the support arms may have balls engaging the continuous groove.
~" , ~,, , ,"~
7~7 In the accompanyir.g drawings, Figure 1 is a schematic view of a prior art motor vehicle door of an early type with long pane guidance grooves;
Figure ~ is a schematic view of a motor vehicle door of a more recent type with a pane guidance groove shorted on one side;
F.igure 3 is a view in elevation of the cable window lift of one aspect of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view through Figure 3, along the line IV-IV;
Figure S is a view in elevation of a brace with a guidance groove;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view through Figure 5 along the line VI-VI;
Figure 7 is a view in elevation of a window lift of one embodiment of the present invention for which the gears or the support arms are mounted to a door wall;
Fiyure 8 is a cross-sectional view through Figure 7 along the line VIII-VIII;
Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the mounting of the ~a gaars to n crossbar in the door acting as a protective means;
Figure 10 is a view in partial cros~-section showing the support of the gears directly in the door wall or a crossbar;
Figure 11 is a schema-tic view of -the window lit of another embodiment of the present invention for which the gears together with the support arms rest against the w.indow; and i: - . , ;~ .. .
;i77 - 3a -Figure 12 is a schematic view which shows the window lift oE
an embodiment of the present invention with scissor-type support arms.
In Figures l through 3, the window pane is designated by ~l), which is raised and lowered in a vehicle door (2) in the direction of the double arrow.
Figure 1 shows a vehicle door of an earlier type with an additional small pivot window (3). In this design, the pane (I) is guided laterally in guide frames (4). It is easily seen that tO the lateral guidance length A is always the same length, regardless of the adjusted height of the pane. In this door design, the purpose of the window lift is merely to move the pane (1) up and down and the window lift need not brace or secure the pane against lateral tilting.
;-: :
, ~ ~
~2~7~7~
W&W 116~
Figure 2 shows a door (2a) of a more recent design which eliminates the pivot window (3). In this door the panel (l) is secured against tilting into the direction of the arrow B only when in the upper position because then the edge of the pane enters the peripheral guide frame (4').
If, however, the pane is lowered merely by a small amount, the guidance remaining on the right side of Figure 2 is merely a length "a". It is clear that the pane will now easily tilt in the direction of the arrow B.
This tilting is prevented by the cable window lift shown in Figures 3 and 4. In these Figures 3 and 4, U-shaped guide rail (5) of the cable window lift drives implement (6) sliding on the xail (5) and being pulled by cable (7) which, in turn, is moved by drive roller (8). These components are known elements of cable window lifts and require no further discussion.
Wide brace (ll) with an elongated slot (12) on one side and another slot (13) on tha other side is connected with the drive implement (6), i.e. with pane (1).
Plate (15), supporting two meshing gears (16, 17), is ~0 mounted by means of two spacer pins (14) on guide rail (5). Each gear is solidly joined to a support arm (18, 19) of which the other ends each penetrate the elongated slots (12, 13) by means of pins (18a, l9a).
Pane (lj now rests on pins (18a, 19a) and thereby is secured against tilting in the direction of the arrow B. It is emphasized in this respect that the gears and the support arms are unrelated to driving the pane. As before the pane drive is 7~
W&W 1164 carried out by cable ~7) and drive implement (5) and possibly also by brace ~ll) in the event the iatter is solidly joined to the pane besides being joined ~o the drive implemen~. Therefore the gears and the support arms merely act to support the pane.
Additionally, the support arms may also be divided into two parts which are connected to a hinge for instance at the level of dash-dot line (20). This is advantageous where curved panes are concerned due to the fact that when curved panes are displaced they follow the arc of a circle.
The engagement of the ends of the support arms in the brace in no way is restricted to the pin slot connection. For instance, a continuous groove might be provided in the direction of the elongated slots in the brace and might be engaged in posi-tive manner by balls or other molded or shaped parts fixed to the ends of the support arms, whereby on the one hand the ends of the support arms are inserted laterally into the groove and, on the other hand, are simultaneously secured there against being pulled out perpendicularly to the pane's direction of motion. In this res~ect, see Figures 5 and 6.
2~ A plurality of solutions exist for the approach described so far, especially as to where the gears are to be fixed to the support arms, and also on how to connect the support arms to achieve a constrained common but oppositely directed motion.
Figures 7 through 12 schematically show such specific embodiments. Whereas in the embodiment of Figures 3 and 4, the gears (16) and ~17~ are fixed to the guide rail (5), it is nevertheless quite feasible to mount the gears to a door wall, ~7~77 W&W 1164 for instance to the inside wall of the door. This is shown in Figures 7 and 8. These show cutaway (21) of a door wall on which plate (15) is fixed, whereby gears (1~) and (17) are supported apart from guide rail (5).
Various vehicle doors contain a cross-bar acting as reinorcement and impact protection in case of accident. Where such a cross-bar is present in the door, gears (16, 17) may be supported directly on it. Figure 9 schematically shows such an embodiment. Cross-bar (22) is mounted as a stiffening means in l~ door (2a). Gears (16) and (17) together with their support arms (18) and (19) rest on this cross-bar.
These support arms (18) and (19) engage by their free ends the guide groove (23) of brace (11) mounted to the bottom of pane (l). Guide rail (5) is present in this embodiment in identical manner as in all other embodiments. The drive cable and the cable drum are omitted for simplicity.
Figure 10 shows how the gears are mounted on cross-bar (22) or also on door wall (21). A hole is stamped out of the door wall and the edges of th~s hole are drawn inward to form bearing ~0 sleeve (22a) making it possible to support each of the gears (16, 17) between two panes (24).
The embodiment of Figure 11 is the spatial inverse of the embodiment of Figure 9. Whereas gears (16) and (17) of Figure 9 are supported in cross-bar (22) and the guidance groove (223 is solidly joined to the window pane, the embodiment of Figure 11 is precisely the reverse, i.e., gears (16, 17) are solidly Ithough rotatably of course~ connected to window pane (1) whereas guid-ance groove (23) is mounted in cross-bar (22).
~76~7 W~w 1164 ~ lowever, the support base of pane (1) agai~st tilting is the same in both cases because this base is formed by ~he distance (d) between the centers of rotation of gears tl6) and (17), and this base "d" is just as large in Figure 9 as in Figure 11. Both embodiments, however, make it plain that the pane support improves as the distance "d" increases and, accordingly, the support improves with larger gear diameter.
The illustrative embodiment of Figure 12 shows that the operational connection of support arms (18) and (19) does not l~ necessarily require gears. Other drive means are conceivable ~hereby the support arms would be suitably connected. In this embodiment, support arms (18b, l9b) have the same center of rota-tiQn (25) and engage guide grooves by their upper and lower ends.
Thereby thare is achieved again a solid connection between pane l~ tl~ and guide groove (23). The second guide groove (26) is mounted in an arbitrary but appropriate and fixed manner by plate (~7) to the door. Accordingly, the two support arms operate like scissors. It must be borne in mind in this respect that the support arms are not being driven but, rather, join in the motion 2~ when the pane is displaced, and that they support this pane. The pane drive is implemented in all examples by cable (7).
Figures 7 through 12 schematically show such specific embodiments. Whereas in the embodiment of Figures 3 and 4, the gears (16) and ~17~ are fixed to the guide rail (5), it is nevertheless quite feasible to mount the gears to a door wall, ~7~77 W&W 1164 for instance to the inside wall of the door. This is shown in Figures 7 and 8. These show cutaway (21) of a door wall on which plate (15) is fixed, whereby gears (1~) and (17) are supported apart from guide rail (5).
Various vehicle doors contain a cross-bar acting as reinorcement and impact protection in case of accident. Where such a cross-bar is present in the door, gears (16, 17) may be supported directly on it. Figure 9 schematically shows such an embodiment. Cross-bar (22) is mounted as a stiffening means in l~ door (2a). Gears (16) and (17) together with their support arms (18) and (19) rest on this cross-bar.
These support arms (18) and (19) engage by their free ends the guide groove (23) of brace (11) mounted to the bottom of pane (l). Guide rail (5) is present in this embodiment in identical manner as in all other embodiments. The drive cable and the cable drum are omitted for simplicity.
Figure 10 shows how the gears are mounted on cross-bar (22) or also on door wall (21). A hole is stamped out of the door wall and the edges of th~s hole are drawn inward to form bearing ~0 sleeve (22a) making it possible to support each of the gears (16, 17) between two panes (24).
The embodiment of Figure 11 is the spatial inverse of the embodiment of Figure 9. Whereas gears (16) and (17) of Figure 9 are supported in cross-bar (22) and the guidance groove (223 is solidly joined to the window pane, the embodiment of Figure 11 is precisely the reverse, i.e., gears (16, 17) are solidly Ithough rotatably of course~ connected to window pane (1) whereas guid-ance groove (23) is mounted in cross-bar (22).
~76~7 W~w 1164 ~ lowever, the support base of pane (1) agai~st tilting is the same in both cases because this base is formed by ~he distance (d) between the centers of rotation of gears tl6) and (17), and this base "d" is just as large in Figure 9 as in Figure 11. Both embodiments, however, make it plain that the pane support improves as the distance "d" increases and, accordingly, the support improves with larger gear diameter.
The illustrative embodiment of Figure 12 shows that the operational connection of support arms (18) and (19) does not l~ necessarily require gears. Other drive means are conceivable ~hereby the support arms would be suitably connected. In this embodiment, support arms (18b, l9b) have the same center of rota-tiQn (25) and engage guide grooves by their upper and lower ends.
Thereby thare is achieved again a solid connection between pane l~ tl~ and guide groove (23). The second guide groove (26) is mounted in an arbitrary but appropriate and fixed manner by plate (~7) to the door. Accordingly, the two support arms operate like scissors. It must be borne in mind in this respect that the support arms are not being driven but, rather, join in the motion 2~ when the pane is displaced, and that they support this pane. The pane drive is implemented in all examples by cable (7).
Claims (7)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A cable window lift mounted in a vehicle for adjusting a one piece window pane with a plane having a shortened lateral groove guidance on one side of said pane, said cable window lift comprising:
(a) a vertical U-shaped guide rail;
(b) a continuous cable mounted for vertical movement in said guide rail;
(c) a drive roller connecting said cable for actuating said vertical movement;
(d) a brace joined to the lower edge of said window pane and having guidance groove means extending perpendicularly to said vertical U-shaped guide rail;
(e) means connecting said brace to said cable and for sliding on said guide rail; and (f) a first support arm having a first end engaging said guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a first gear, and a second support arm having a first end engaging said guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a second gear, said first and second gears mutually meshing and mounted for rotation on a plate which, in turn, is mounted on said guide rail;
whereby said support arms prevent tilting of said window pane in the direction of said plane of said window pane.
(a) a vertical U-shaped guide rail;
(b) a continuous cable mounted for vertical movement in said guide rail;
(c) a drive roller connecting said cable for actuating said vertical movement;
(d) a brace joined to the lower edge of said window pane and having guidance groove means extending perpendicularly to said vertical U-shaped guide rail;
(e) means connecting said brace to said cable and for sliding on said guide rail; and (f) a first support arm having a first end engaging said guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a first gear, and a second support arm having a first end engaging said guidance groove means and a second end rigidly joined to a second gear, said first and second gears mutually meshing and mounted for rotation on a plate which, in turn, is mounted on said guide rail;
whereby said support arms prevent tilting of said window pane in the direction of said plane of said window pane.
2. The cable window lift of Claim 1, wherein said plate is fastened by a pivot through the centers of said gears.
3. The cable window lift of Claim 2, wherein said second ends of said support arms are mounted for rotation on said gears having sleeves rotatably supporting said gears by means of a centered base.
4. The cable window lift of Claim 1 wherein said plate is fixed to a door wall attached to said vehicle.
5. The cable window lift of Claim 1 wherein said plate is fixed to a cross-bar present in a door of said vehicle and acting as impact protection.
6. The cable window lift of Claim 1, wherein said guidance groove means are two slots, and wherein said first ends of said support arms have pins penetrating said slots.
7. The cable window lift of Claim 1, wherein said guidance groove means is a continuous groove, and wherein said first ends of said support arms have balls engaging said continuous groove.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000484320A CA1247677A (en) | 1985-06-18 | 1985-06-18 | Cable window lift for vehicles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000484320A CA1247677A (en) | 1985-06-18 | 1985-06-18 | Cable window lift for vehicles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1247677A true CA1247677A (en) | 1988-12-28 |
Family
ID=4130735
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000484320A Expired CA1247677A (en) | 1985-06-18 | 1985-06-18 | Cable window lift for vehicles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1247677A (en) |
-
1985
- 1985-06-18 CA CA000484320A patent/CA1247677A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |