CA1245030A - Self-supporting composite plate for double floors, ceilings and the like - Google Patents
Self-supporting composite plate for double floors, ceilings and the likeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1245030A CA1245030A CA000470568A CA470568A CA1245030A CA 1245030 A CA1245030 A CA 1245030A CA 000470568 A CA000470568 A CA 000470568A CA 470568 A CA470568 A CA 470568A CA 1245030 A CA1245030 A CA 1245030A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wrapper
- pan
- holes
- composite plate
- shaped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/28—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups combinations of materials fully covered by groups E04C2/04 and E04C2/08
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A self-supporting composite plate for double floors, ceilings or the like, with a pan-shaped outside wrapper of sheet metal, preferably sheet steel, and a hardenable, mineral filler material, e.g., anhydrite, to be introduced into the wrapper in flowable state, wherein the connection between the hardened filler and the pan-shaped wrapper is produced by punched holes with frayed edges projecting inwardly provided in the wrapper bottom and side walls, and the pan shaped wrapper is provided on its outside surface with a layer preventing the running out of the flowable filler through the holes.
The layer is formed of a liquid or plastic application of a coating of a surface protection and/or surface treatment agent which is hardened to serve as a closed skin which closes off the holes. A large number of small diameter holes are provided in the bottom and sides of the pan-shaped wrapper.
A self-supporting composite plate for double floors, ceilings or the like, with a pan-shaped outside wrapper of sheet metal, preferably sheet steel, and a hardenable, mineral filler material, e.g., anhydrite, to be introduced into the wrapper in flowable state, wherein the connection between the hardened filler and the pan-shaped wrapper is produced by punched holes with frayed edges projecting inwardly provided in the wrapper bottom and side walls, and the pan shaped wrapper is provided on its outside surface with a layer preventing the running out of the flowable filler through the holes.
The layer is formed of a liquid or plastic application of a coating of a surface protection and/or surface treatment agent which is hardened to serve as a closed skin which closes off the holes. A large number of small diameter holes are provided in the bottom and sides of the pan-shaped wrapper.
Description
~ 3~
SELP-SUPPuRTI:G CD~POSI~E PL~`E POK
DOUBLE FLOORS, CEILINGS OR THE LIKE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a self-supporting composite plate for double floors, ceilings or the like, with a pan-shaped outside wrapper of sheet metal, preferably sheet steel, and a hardenable mineral filler material, e.g., anhydrite, to be introduced into this wrapper in a flow-able state. The connection between the hardened filler and the pan-shaped wrapper is produced by punched holes provided in the bottom and side walls of the wrapper, with frayed edges projecting inwardly. The pan-shaped wrapper is coated on the outside with a layer preventing the filler from running out through the holes.
In the manufacture of a composite plate known from German Patent No. 2 004 101, the mineral filler material, e.g., anhydrite, introduced in a liquid state into the pan-shaped wrapper is prevented from running out through the funnel-shaped holes in the sheet metal pan by the use of aluminum foil ~ 5~30 ~- ~ch covers the outside of the bottom and the side walls of the wrapper and blocks the holes in the wrapper from the outside. This type of packing of the holes in the pan-shaped wrapper, however, is work-intensive and thus uneconom-ical. On the other hand, these funnel-shaped holes in the pan-shaped wrapper are necessary to produce the required connecting effect between wrapper and hardened filler. It has been discovered that the carrying capacity of the composite plate is determined essentially by the connection between the hard-ened mineral filler and the funnel-shaped holes in the pan-shaped wrapper which provides an anchor effect.
SUMMARY 0~ THE INVENTION
A primary object of the present inventlon is to simplify the packing of the holes in the pan-shaped wrapper which act as an anchor for the liquid mineral filler materials and also to considerably increase the strength and bending resistance of the completed composite plate and thus its carrying capacity.
According to the present invention, the ob~ect is attained in that the layer preventing the running out of the mineral filler, e.g., anhydrite, comprises a surface protection and/or surface treatment agent applied in liquid or plastic state and thereafter hardened, which as a closed skin seals off the punched holes in the pan-shaped wrapper with suitably small unobstructed diameter produced in a plurality of holes similar to a grater.
This method for the packing of the holes assumes a surface protection or surface treatment agent with suitable viscosity as well as a diameter of the unobstructed holes of only a very few millimeters. Since with the use, e.g., of simple sheet steel for the manufacture of the pan-shaped wrapper, a fine surface protection against corrosion is obtained, the agent used according to the present invention can henceforth also be used for closing off the afore-mentioned holes in the pan-shaped wrapper. Tests have shown that indeed with considerable reduction of the unobstructed diameter of the holes in comparison with the present state of the art, there is still no decreased carrying capacity of the composite plate, but rather that with multiplication of the number of holes in comparison to the state of the art, even a notable increase
SELP-SUPPuRTI:G CD~POSI~E PL~`E POK
DOUBLE FLOORS, CEILINGS OR THE LIKE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a self-supporting composite plate for double floors, ceilings or the like, with a pan-shaped outside wrapper of sheet metal, preferably sheet steel, and a hardenable mineral filler material, e.g., anhydrite, to be introduced into this wrapper in a flow-able state. The connection between the hardened filler and the pan-shaped wrapper is produced by punched holes provided in the bottom and side walls of the wrapper, with frayed edges projecting inwardly. The pan-shaped wrapper is coated on the outside with a layer preventing the filler from running out through the holes.
In the manufacture of a composite plate known from German Patent No. 2 004 101, the mineral filler material, e.g., anhydrite, introduced in a liquid state into the pan-shaped wrapper is prevented from running out through the funnel-shaped holes in the sheet metal pan by the use of aluminum foil ~ 5~30 ~- ~ch covers the outside of the bottom and the side walls of the wrapper and blocks the holes in the wrapper from the outside. This type of packing of the holes in the pan-shaped wrapper, however, is work-intensive and thus uneconom-ical. On the other hand, these funnel-shaped holes in the pan-shaped wrapper are necessary to produce the required connecting effect between wrapper and hardened filler. It has been discovered that the carrying capacity of the composite plate is determined essentially by the connection between the hard-ened mineral filler and the funnel-shaped holes in the pan-shaped wrapper which provides an anchor effect.
SUMMARY 0~ THE INVENTION
A primary object of the present inventlon is to simplify the packing of the holes in the pan-shaped wrapper which act as an anchor for the liquid mineral filler materials and also to considerably increase the strength and bending resistance of the completed composite plate and thus its carrying capacity.
According to the present invention, the ob~ect is attained in that the layer preventing the running out of the mineral filler, e.g., anhydrite, comprises a surface protection and/or surface treatment agent applied in liquid or plastic state and thereafter hardened, which as a closed skin seals off the punched holes in the pan-shaped wrapper with suitably small unobstructed diameter produced in a plurality of holes similar to a grater.
This method for the packing of the holes assumes a surface protection or surface treatment agent with suitable viscosity as well as a diameter of the unobstructed holes of only a very few millimeters. Since with the use, e.g., of simple sheet steel for the manufacture of the pan-shaped wrapper, a fine surface protection against corrosion is obtained, the agent used according to the present invention can henceforth also be used for closing off the afore-mentioned holes in the pan-shaped wrapper. Tests have shown that indeed with considerable reduction of the unobstructed diameter of the holes in comparison with the present state of the art, there is still no decreased carrying capacity of the composite plate, but rather that with multiplication of the number of holes in comparison to the state of the art, even a notable increase
- 2 -l ~ 3~
¦ the strength, bending resistance and therewith carrying capacity of the ¦ composite plate can be attained.
In other words, the basis of the present inventlon is the ¦ combination of two new findings which provide a surprising expedient in 5 ¦ combination and also produce a particularly notable increase of the carrying ¦ capacity. The first new finding is that the degree of shifting force wh:Lch is carried by the "punches" of the wrapper bottom to the pressure-resistant ¦ filler which is filling the pan is dependent upon the sum of all of the ¦ surfaces which pro~ect out of the pan bottom into the pressure-resistant filler materials. Therefore, the greater the sum of these side surfaces on the edges of the punches, the greater also the transmitted shifting force, before the filler material is torn from the pan bottom. Therefore, with a very great number of small punched holes it is possible to carry a considerably greater shifting force than with a small number of larger punched holes, while on the other hand the weakening of the bottom and diminution of the traction force in the bottom do not occur in the same measure.
The second finding is that small punched holes can expediently be closed off by a protective layer which serves as corrosion protection and as a surface treatment agent of the wrapper material. The invention thus resides in the combination of both of these new findings. Thus, the pan bottom is not provided with a relatively small number of large punched holes as in the present state of the art, but rather with a much greater number of punched holes with small unobstructed diameters, and then a liquid or plastic skin is applied and this skin is allowed to harden before the mineral filler, e.g., anhydrite, is introduced therein. Thus the hardenable mineral filler introduced in a liquid state is prevented from running out through the holes.
One refinement of the invention resides in that the skin closing the holes if formed by a rapidly drying lacquer, which includes a filler of, e.g., fiber particles. During application by coating or spraying of the plastic lacquer on the outside of the pan-shaped wrapper, the filler advanta-geously fills in the funnel-shaped holes tightly and thus favors the formation f "plugs" in the holes in the sùi~.
_ 3 _ ~ 3C3 According to another reflnement of the invention, the skin closing the holes can be of zinc. This zinc skin, for instance, can be formed by the spraying of a zinc dust dye or in the process of a hot galvanizing of the sheet steel pan-shaped wrapper.
S B~IEF DESCRIPTION OF T~E DRAWING
The lnvention is described hereinafter relative to the drawing of one exemplary embodiment. The drawing shows:
Figure 1 is a partial side elevational view i~ section of a composite plate corresponding to the present state of the art;
Figure 2 is a partial side elevational view in section of a composite plate constructed in accordance with the prlnciples of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a partial plan view of the pan-shaped wrapper of the composite plate of Figure 2, without filler; and Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the portion "X" of Figure 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The composite plate 10 of known construction shown in Figure 1 has a pan-shaped outside wrapper 11 of, e.g., sheet steel and a hardenable mineral filler 12, e.g., anhydrite, which is introduced into pan-shaped wrapper 11 in a liquid state. The required connecting effect between the hardened filler 12 and the pan-shaped wrapper 11 is attained by means of numerous punched holes 13 which have frayed edges 14 projecting lnwardly. The holes 13 are produced, e.g., by pointed mandrels (not shown) driven into the sheet steel from the outside. The height of the edges 14 ls approximately 5mm and the smallest unobstructed diameter bl of holes 13 is approximately 8mm. Holes 13 with inward-projecting edges 14 can also be considered to be shift anchors. To prevent the running out of the liquid mineral filler 12 through the holes 13 durlng its introduction into pan-shaped wrapper 11, ~ aluminum foils 17 and 18 have been applied to the outside of the bottom 14 and the side walls 16 of the pan-shaped wrapper 11, which close off holes 13 from the outside. The complete composite plate 10 has a square shape and is ~ 3~
unted with its corners on foot supports (not shown) whlch ln turn are supported on the building floor (not shown).
The composite plate lOA according to the present invention, shown in Figure 2, has two identical main component parts the same as composite plate 10 of Figure 1, which are the pan-shaped outside wrapper 11 of~ e.g., ¦ sheet steel and the mineral filler 12, e.g., anhydrite. Filler 12 is likewise introduced into the pan-shaped wrapper 11 in a liquid state is allowed to ¦ harden therein. Punched holes 13 with frayed edges 14 projecting inwardly produce the connection between the hardened filler 12 and pan-shaped wrapper 10 ¦ 11. The running out of liquid mineral filler 12 through the holes 13 is ¦ preventéd by a hardened surface protection or surface treatment agent, applied in liquid state as a coating on the outside of pan-shaped wrapper 11 before it is filled. After hardening, the surface agent forms a skin 19 on the entire bottom and sides of the pan-shaped wrapp~r, which closes off holes 13 from the outside. A rapidly drying, suitably viscous plastic lacquer, for instance, can be used as the surface protection or surface treatment agent, which is sprayed on the outside of pan-shaped wrapper 11. The plastic lacquer can contain fiber particles, e.g., glassfiber particles, as filler, in order to close off holes 13, and to pack them from the outside, as shown in Figure 4. It is to be understood that liquid mineral flller 12 is introduced into pan-shaped wrapper 11 only following hardening of the surface protection and/or surface treatment agent and the formation of the protective and packing skin 19. The setting time of the rapidly drying lacquer can be accelerated by the applica-tion of heat.
So that a closed skin 19 (Figure 2) can be formed over holes 13, their smallest unobstructed diameter b2 is only a tiny portion, e.g., 3mm of the Ymallest unobstructed diameter bl of the embodiment of Figure 1. In comparison to the construction of Figure 1, furthermore, the number of holes 13 is much greater, e.g., approximately six times as many in the bottom area and approximately three times as many in the side wall area of pan-shaped wrapper 11. Thus~ the carrying capacity of the composite plate lOA according to the invention is even greater in comparison with the known embodiment, ~ecause hei8ht of ~he in ardly-ptoj~ g edges 14 of holes 13 of the 124~30 posite plate of Figure 2 is only slight smaller than that in the known composite plate of Figure 1, whlle on the other hand the sum of all side surfaces of the punched holes 13 carrying the shifting force between pan bottom and filler is greatly increased.
¦ the strength, bending resistance and therewith carrying capacity of the ¦ composite plate can be attained.
In other words, the basis of the present inventlon is the ¦ combination of two new findings which provide a surprising expedient in 5 ¦ combination and also produce a particularly notable increase of the carrying ¦ capacity. The first new finding is that the degree of shifting force wh:Lch is carried by the "punches" of the wrapper bottom to the pressure-resistant ¦ filler which is filling the pan is dependent upon the sum of all of the ¦ surfaces which pro~ect out of the pan bottom into the pressure-resistant filler materials. Therefore, the greater the sum of these side surfaces on the edges of the punches, the greater also the transmitted shifting force, before the filler material is torn from the pan bottom. Therefore, with a very great number of small punched holes it is possible to carry a considerably greater shifting force than with a small number of larger punched holes, while on the other hand the weakening of the bottom and diminution of the traction force in the bottom do not occur in the same measure.
The second finding is that small punched holes can expediently be closed off by a protective layer which serves as corrosion protection and as a surface treatment agent of the wrapper material. The invention thus resides in the combination of both of these new findings. Thus, the pan bottom is not provided with a relatively small number of large punched holes as in the present state of the art, but rather with a much greater number of punched holes with small unobstructed diameters, and then a liquid or plastic skin is applied and this skin is allowed to harden before the mineral filler, e.g., anhydrite, is introduced therein. Thus the hardenable mineral filler introduced in a liquid state is prevented from running out through the holes.
One refinement of the invention resides in that the skin closing the holes if formed by a rapidly drying lacquer, which includes a filler of, e.g., fiber particles. During application by coating or spraying of the plastic lacquer on the outside of the pan-shaped wrapper, the filler advanta-geously fills in the funnel-shaped holes tightly and thus favors the formation f "plugs" in the holes in the sùi~.
_ 3 _ ~ 3C3 According to another reflnement of the invention, the skin closing the holes can be of zinc. This zinc skin, for instance, can be formed by the spraying of a zinc dust dye or in the process of a hot galvanizing of the sheet steel pan-shaped wrapper.
S B~IEF DESCRIPTION OF T~E DRAWING
The lnvention is described hereinafter relative to the drawing of one exemplary embodiment. The drawing shows:
Figure 1 is a partial side elevational view i~ section of a composite plate corresponding to the present state of the art;
Figure 2 is a partial side elevational view in section of a composite plate constructed in accordance with the prlnciples of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a partial plan view of the pan-shaped wrapper of the composite plate of Figure 2, without filler; and Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the portion "X" of Figure 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The composite plate 10 of known construction shown in Figure 1 has a pan-shaped outside wrapper 11 of, e.g., sheet steel and a hardenable mineral filler 12, e.g., anhydrite, which is introduced into pan-shaped wrapper 11 in a liquid state. The required connecting effect between the hardened filler 12 and the pan-shaped wrapper 11 is attained by means of numerous punched holes 13 which have frayed edges 14 projecting lnwardly. The holes 13 are produced, e.g., by pointed mandrels (not shown) driven into the sheet steel from the outside. The height of the edges 14 ls approximately 5mm and the smallest unobstructed diameter bl of holes 13 is approximately 8mm. Holes 13 with inward-projecting edges 14 can also be considered to be shift anchors. To prevent the running out of the liquid mineral filler 12 through the holes 13 durlng its introduction into pan-shaped wrapper 11, ~ aluminum foils 17 and 18 have been applied to the outside of the bottom 14 and the side walls 16 of the pan-shaped wrapper 11, which close off holes 13 from the outside. The complete composite plate 10 has a square shape and is ~ 3~
unted with its corners on foot supports (not shown) whlch ln turn are supported on the building floor (not shown).
The composite plate lOA according to the present invention, shown in Figure 2, has two identical main component parts the same as composite plate 10 of Figure 1, which are the pan-shaped outside wrapper 11 of~ e.g., ¦ sheet steel and the mineral filler 12, e.g., anhydrite. Filler 12 is likewise introduced into the pan-shaped wrapper 11 in a liquid state is allowed to ¦ harden therein. Punched holes 13 with frayed edges 14 projecting inwardly produce the connection between the hardened filler 12 and pan-shaped wrapper 10 ¦ 11. The running out of liquid mineral filler 12 through the holes 13 is ¦ preventéd by a hardened surface protection or surface treatment agent, applied in liquid state as a coating on the outside of pan-shaped wrapper 11 before it is filled. After hardening, the surface agent forms a skin 19 on the entire bottom and sides of the pan-shaped wrapp~r, which closes off holes 13 from the outside. A rapidly drying, suitably viscous plastic lacquer, for instance, can be used as the surface protection or surface treatment agent, which is sprayed on the outside of pan-shaped wrapper 11. The plastic lacquer can contain fiber particles, e.g., glassfiber particles, as filler, in order to close off holes 13, and to pack them from the outside, as shown in Figure 4. It is to be understood that liquid mineral flller 12 is introduced into pan-shaped wrapper 11 only following hardening of the surface protection and/or surface treatment agent and the formation of the protective and packing skin 19. The setting time of the rapidly drying lacquer can be accelerated by the applica-tion of heat.
So that a closed skin 19 (Figure 2) can be formed over holes 13, their smallest unobstructed diameter b2 is only a tiny portion, e.g., 3mm of the Ymallest unobstructed diameter bl of the embodiment of Figure 1. In comparison to the construction of Figure 1, furthermore, the number of holes 13 is much greater, e.g., approximately six times as many in the bottom area and approximately three times as many in the side wall area of pan-shaped wrapper 11. Thus~ the carrying capacity of the composite plate lOA according to the invention is even greater in comparison with the known embodiment, ~ecause hei8ht of ~he in ardly-ptoj~ g edges 14 of holes 13 of the 124~30 posite plate of Figure 2 is only slight smaller than that in the known composite plate of Figure 1, whlle on the other hand the sum of all side surfaces of the punched holes 13 carrying the shifting force between pan bottom and filler is greatly increased.
Claims (6)
1. A self-supporting composite plate for double floors, ceilings or the like, with a pan-shaped outside wrapper of sheet metal, and a hardenable, mineral filler material, e.g., anhydrite, to be introduced into the wrapper in flowable state, wherein the connection between the hardened filler and the pan-shaped wrapper is produced by punched holes with frayed edges projecting inwardly provided in the wrapper bottom and side walls, and the pan-shaped wrapper is provided on its outside surface with a layer preventing the running out of the flowable filler through the holes, characterized in that the layer preventing the running out of the mineral filler (12) is formed of a plas-tic application of a coating of a surface treatment agent which is then hardened to serve as a closed substantially nonelastic skin (19) which closes off the punched holes (13) in the pan-shaped wrapper (11), and said punched holes are a large number of small diameter punched holes provided in the wrapper bottom and side walls.
2. Composite plate as in claim 1, characterized in that said skin (19) closing off holes (13) is formed by a rapidly drying lacquer.
3. Composite plate as in claim 2, characterized in that said lacquer contains a filler of fiber particles.
4. Composite plate as in claim 1, characterized in that said skin (19) closing off punched holes (13) is a film of zinc.
5. Composite plate as in claim 1, characterized in that said punched holes have a diameter of a few mm.
6. Composite plate as in claim 5, characterized in that said diameter is approximately 3 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3347061.8 | 1983-12-24 | ||
| DE3347061A DE3347061C1 (en) | 1983-12-24 | 1983-12-24 | Self-supporting composite panel for double floors, ceilings or the like |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1245030A true CA1245030A (en) | 1988-11-22 |
Family
ID=6218132
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000470568A Expired CA1245030A (en) | 1983-12-24 | 1984-12-19 | Self-supporting composite plate for double floors, ceilings and the like |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0152609B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE37412T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1245030A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3347061C1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2571745A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-11 | George Owen Ltd | Concrete paving panel |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3627353C1 (en) * | 1986-08-12 | 1987-10-15 | Mero Werke Kg | Self-supporting composite building board, especially double floor slab |
| DE102009025179A1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-16 | Ruth Rundmund-Dingslaken | Construction composite panel |
-
1983
- 1983-12-24 DE DE3347061A patent/DE3347061C1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-12-19 CA CA000470568A patent/CA1245030A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-20 AT AT84115886T patent/ATE37412T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-20 DE DE8484115886T patent/DE3474180D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-20 EP EP84115886A patent/EP0152609B1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2571745A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-11 | George Owen Ltd | Concrete paving panel |
| GB2571745B (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-07-22 | George Owen Ltd | Concrete paving panel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3347061C1 (en) | 1985-06-27 |
| EP0152609A2 (en) | 1985-08-28 |
| EP0152609B1 (en) | 1988-09-21 |
| ATE37412T1 (en) | 1988-10-15 |
| EP0152609A3 (en) | 1986-10-15 |
| DE3474180D1 (en) | 1988-10-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |