CA1238310A - Exchanger with even flow fluid distribution - Google Patents
Exchanger with even flow fluid distributionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1238310A CA1238310A CA000450027A CA450027A CA1238310A CA 1238310 A CA1238310 A CA 1238310A CA 000450027 A CA000450027 A CA 000450027A CA 450027 A CA450027 A CA 450027A CA 1238310 A CA1238310 A CA 1238310A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- housing
- chamber
- gas
- lower chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Apparatus to exchange heat between a combustion process flue gas and a cooler gaseous stream. An outer housing is divided into a lower inlet section for the cooler gases and an upper section for the exit of said gases.
A centrally located shell extends the length of the housing and includes therein a plurality of heat exchange tubes through which the hot process flue gases will pass from the bottom to the top of said shell for discharge to the atmosphere. The shell is positioned a distance above the bottom tube sheet and the cooler incoming gaseous fluid stream is caused to be injected tangentially into the lower section wherein a pressure differential is caused to exist between the lower section and the interior of the shell so as to maintain substantially even flow distribution and a high radial velocity of the cooler fluid stream which creates a substantially uniform temperature across the diameter of the tube sheet.
Apparatus to exchange heat between a combustion process flue gas and a cooler gaseous stream. An outer housing is divided into a lower inlet section for the cooler gases and an upper section for the exit of said gases.
A centrally located shell extends the length of the housing and includes therein a plurality of heat exchange tubes through which the hot process flue gases will pass from the bottom to the top of said shell for discharge to the atmosphere. The shell is positioned a distance above the bottom tube sheet and the cooler incoming gaseous fluid stream is caused to be injected tangentially into the lower section wherein a pressure differential is caused to exist between the lower section and the interior of the shell so as to maintain substantially even flow distribution and a high radial velocity of the cooler fluid stream which creates a substantially uniform temperature across the diameter of the tube sheet.
Description
1'~3~3~
This invention relates to appara-tus to exchange heat between a combustion process flue gas and a cooler gaseous stream.
It is an object of this invention to provide a heat exchanger of the shell and tube type to exchange heat between a higher temperature gas and a cooler fluid stream, typically combustion air, waste gas or low vapor pressure liquid.
Another object of the invention is to provide a gas to gas heat exchanger wherein the cool incoming gases are caused to maintain an even flow and temperature across the exchanger's tube sheet to permit use of less costly material and minimize stress concentration and sigma phasing of austenitic stainless steel tube sheets.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a shell side and tube side heat exchanger comprising an outer housing closed at its bottom and top in part by metallic tube sheets;
a shell axially positioned inside said housing and spaced respectively above and below said bottom and top tube sheets;
a plurality of longitudinal tubes within said shell and extending the length of said housing and sealably connected at the exterior to said bottom and top tube sheets, and means to pass a first fluid through said tube side;
means to close the annular space between said housing and said shell to create a lower chamber and an upper chamber for a second fluid to be heat exchanged with said first fluid on said shell side, nozzle means to tangen-tially introduce said second fluid into said lower chamber to create a cir-culatory motion therein; the location of said nozzle being such that a region of expansive flow of said second fluid therefrom is substantially above the bottom of said shell; and _. ~
3~Q
means to exit said second fluid Erom said upper chamber.
According to another aspect of the invention~ there is provided in a heat exchanger, an outer generally vertical cylindrical housing, said hous-ing closed at its bottom and top in part by metallic tube sheets, a cylindrical shell axially positioned inside said housing for substantially the length thereof, thus creating an annular space relative to said housing, transverse plate means across said annular space to create a lower chamber and an upper chamber, the vertical length of said upper chamber being greater than the length of said lower chamber, said shell having an inlet from the bottom chamber and an outlet into and out of said top chamber, a plura'ity of tubes within said shell and extending the length of said housing each of said tubes sealably connected to said bottom and top tube sheets, and means to flow a first high temperatllre gas therethrough, nozzle means to tangentially introduce a second gas, of lower temperature than said first gas, into said lower chamber, the invention characterized by said inlet from said bottom chamber for said second gas into the interior of said shell comprising a gap between the bottom of said shell and said bottom tube sheet to create a pressure of said second gas in said lower chamber which is higher than the pressure inside said shell, and further characterized by positioning said inlet nozzle means in the upper part of said lower chamber wherein a region of expansive flow of said second gas from said nozzle, as it enters said lower chamber, is substantially above said gap.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partly in cross-section of a heat exchanger embodying this invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the lines 2-2 of Figure l;
~;~3~3~
and Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a detail of Figure 1.
Before explaining the present invention, in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanied drawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiment and being prac-ticed or carried out in a variety of ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose for des-cription and not of limitation.
Referring now to Figure 1, the heat exchanger of this invention is shown generally designated by the numeral 10, and comprises an outer vertical cylindrical housing 12. The housing is closed at its bottom by a tube sheet 14 and at its top by a closure 16 which in part includes tube sheet 18. A
cylindrical shell 18 is axially positioned inside the housing for substantially the length thereof, a transverse plate 20 closes the annular space created between the shell 18 and the housing 12 to form a lower annular chamber 22 and an upper annular chamber 24. Preferably the upper annular chamber is grea~er in length than the lower chamber. A plurality of tubes 30, of which only one is shown herein extend the length of the housing 12 and are sealably connected between and to the respective bottom tube sheet 14 and the top tube sheet 18.
A first gas is caused to enter, in the direction shown by the arrow, ~hrough each of the tubes 30 for flow therethrough. A second gas is caused to enter through an inlet opening 32 in a tangential direction to create an initial cir-culatory motion thereof around that portion of the shell 18 within the lower chamber. The inlet comprises a nozzle and with the second gas under some pressure will create a zone of expansion shown by the angle 40 which, from a lX3,~3~(~
typical nozzle is an angle of about 12 . The bottom 42 of shell 18 is positioned above the bottom tube sheet ~y a distance 44 and is designed to create a pressure in the lower annular chamber 22 which is higher than a pressure that is inside shell 18) thus creating a flow resistance of the second gas as it enters the shell and thus maintain an acceptable temperature gradient with regard to the lower tube sheet so as to prevent thermal stress and phase changes in sigma phasing temperature of the tube sheet which leads to the ultimate deterioration. The position of the inlet nozzle 32 in the upper part of the lower chamber 22 is such that the region of expansion of flow 40 of the second gas as it enters the lower chamber is substantially above gap 44.
In use, the second gases flow in a circulatory pattern 50 around the outside of the shell and into the bottom of the shell where they are then caused to flow co-currently with the first gas passing through tubes 30. The top of the shell 18 is likewise positioned below tube sheet 18 by a gap 52 wherein the second gases will flow outwardly into the top annular chamber 24 where they will exit by way of conduit 56. The housing may include suitable refractory lining 60 therein.
The relationship and size of the bottom gap 44 and/or the top gap 52 are important parts of the invention. In a heat exchanger where the housing 12 is about 65' and the shell 18 is a 3' gap, 44 is 1-1/8" while gap 52 is
This invention relates to appara-tus to exchange heat between a combustion process flue gas and a cooler gaseous stream.
It is an object of this invention to provide a heat exchanger of the shell and tube type to exchange heat between a higher temperature gas and a cooler fluid stream, typically combustion air, waste gas or low vapor pressure liquid.
Another object of the invention is to provide a gas to gas heat exchanger wherein the cool incoming gases are caused to maintain an even flow and temperature across the exchanger's tube sheet to permit use of less costly material and minimize stress concentration and sigma phasing of austenitic stainless steel tube sheets.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a shell side and tube side heat exchanger comprising an outer housing closed at its bottom and top in part by metallic tube sheets;
a shell axially positioned inside said housing and spaced respectively above and below said bottom and top tube sheets;
a plurality of longitudinal tubes within said shell and extending the length of said housing and sealably connected at the exterior to said bottom and top tube sheets, and means to pass a first fluid through said tube side;
means to close the annular space between said housing and said shell to create a lower chamber and an upper chamber for a second fluid to be heat exchanged with said first fluid on said shell side, nozzle means to tangen-tially introduce said second fluid into said lower chamber to create a cir-culatory motion therein; the location of said nozzle being such that a region of expansive flow of said second fluid therefrom is substantially above the bottom of said shell; and _. ~
3~Q
means to exit said second fluid Erom said upper chamber.
According to another aspect of the invention~ there is provided in a heat exchanger, an outer generally vertical cylindrical housing, said hous-ing closed at its bottom and top in part by metallic tube sheets, a cylindrical shell axially positioned inside said housing for substantially the length thereof, thus creating an annular space relative to said housing, transverse plate means across said annular space to create a lower chamber and an upper chamber, the vertical length of said upper chamber being greater than the length of said lower chamber, said shell having an inlet from the bottom chamber and an outlet into and out of said top chamber, a plura'ity of tubes within said shell and extending the length of said housing each of said tubes sealably connected to said bottom and top tube sheets, and means to flow a first high temperatllre gas therethrough, nozzle means to tangentially introduce a second gas, of lower temperature than said first gas, into said lower chamber, the invention characterized by said inlet from said bottom chamber for said second gas into the interior of said shell comprising a gap between the bottom of said shell and said bottom tube sheet to create a pressure of said second gas in said lower chamber which is higher than the pressure inside said shell, and further characterized by positioning said inlet nozzle means in the upper part of said lower chamber wherein a region of expansive flow of said second gas from said nozzle, as it enters said lower chamber, is substantially above said gap.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partly in cross-section of a heat exchanger embodying this invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the lines 2-2 of Figure l;
~;~3~3~
and Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a detail of Figure 1.
Before explaining the present invention, in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanied drawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiment and being prac-ticed or carried out in a variety of ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose for des-cription and not of limitation.
Referring now to Figure 1, the heat exchanger of this invention is shown generally designated by the numeral 10, and comprises an outer vertical cylindrical housing 12. The housing is closed at its bottom by a tube sheet 14 and at its top by a closure 16 which in part includes tube sheet 18. A
cylindrical shell 18 is axially positioned inside the housing for substantially the length thereof, a transverse plate 20 closes the annular space created between the shell 18 and the housing 12 to form a lower annular chamber 22 and an upper annular chamber 24. Preferably the upper annular chamber is grea~er in length than the lower chamber. A plurality of tubes 30, of which only one is shown herein extend the length of the housing 12 and are sealably connected between and to the respective bottom tube sheet 14 and the top tube sheet 18.
A first gas is caused to enter, in the direction shown by the arrow, ~hrough each of the tubes 30 for flow therethrough. A second gas is caused to enter through an inlet opening 32 in a tangential direction to create an initial cir-culatory motion thereof around that portion of the shell 18 within the lower chamber. The inlet comprises a nozzle and with the second gas under some pressure will create a zone of expansion shown by the angle 40 which, from a lX3,~3~(~
typical nozzle is an angle of about 12 . The bottom 42 of shell 18 is positioned above the bottom tube sheet ~y a distance 44 and is designed to create a pressure in the lower annular chamber 22 which is higher than a pressure that is inside shell 18) thus creating a flow resistance of the second gas as it enters the shell and thus maintain an acceptable temperature gradient with regard to the lower tube sheet so as to prevent thermal stress and phase changes in sigma phasing temperature of the tube sheet which leads to the ultimate deterioration. The position of the inlet nozzle 32 in the upper part of the lower chamber 22 is such that the region of expansion of flow 40 of the second gas as it enters the lower chamber is substantially above gap 44.
In use, the second gases flow in a circulatory pattern 50 around the outside of the shell and into the bottom of the shell where they are then caused to flow co-currently with the first gas passing through tubes 30. The top of the shell 18 is likewise positioned below tube sheet 18 by a gap 52 wherein the second gases will flow outwardly into the top annular chamber 24 where they will exit by way of conduit 56. The housing may include suitable refractory lining 60 therein.
The relationship and size of the bottom gap 44 and/or the top gap 52 are important parts of the invention. In a heat exchanger where the housing 12 is about 65' and the shell 18 is a 3' gap, 44 is 1-1/8" while gap 52 is
2'1/2". The functional purposes of the gaps being to control the flow quan-tity or velocity of the gases 50 entering from 32 via 44 to achieve the aforesaid objects.
Claims (3)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A shell side and tube side heat exchanger comprising an outer housing closed at its bottom and top in part by metallic tube sheets;
a shell axially positioned inside said housing and spaced respectively above and below said bottom and top tube sheets;
a plurality of longitudinal tubes within said shell and extending the length of said housing and sealably connected at the exterior to said bottom and top tube sheets, and means to pass a first fluid through said tube side;
means to close the annular space between said housing and said shell to create a lower chamber and an upper chamber for a second fluid to be heat exchanged with said first fluids on said shell side, nozzle means to tangen-tially introduce said second fluid into said lower chamber to create a cir-culatory motion therein; the location of said nozzle being such that a region of expansive flow of said second fluid therefrom is substantially above the bottom of said shell; and means to exit said second fluid from said upper chamber.
a shell axially positioned inside said housing and spaced respectively above and below said bottom and top tube sheets;
a plurality of longitudinal tubes within said shell and extending the length of said housing and sealably connected at the exterior to said bottom and top tube sheets, and means to pass a first fluid through said tube side;
means to close the annular space between said housing and said shell to create a lower chamber and an upper chamber for a second fluid to be heat exchanged with said first fluids on said shell side, nozzle means to tangen-tially introduce said second fluid into said lower chamber to create a cir-culatory motion therein; the location of said nozzle being such that a region of expansive flow of said second fluid therefrom is substantially above the bottom of said shell; and means to exit said second fluid from said upper chamber.
2. In a heat exchanger, an outer generally vertical cylindrical housing, said housing closed at its bottom and top in part by metallic tube sheets, a cylindrical shell axially positioned inside said housing for sub-stantially the length thereof, thus creating an annular space relative to said housing, transverse plate means across said annular space to create a lower chamber and an upper chamber, the vertical length of said upper chamber being greater than the length of said lower chamber, said shell having an inlet from the bottom chamber and an outlet into and out of said top chamber, a plurality of tubes within said shell and extending the length of said housing, each of said tubes sealably connected to said bottom and top tube sheets, and means to flow a first high temperature gas therethrough, nozzle means to tangentially introduce a second gas, of lower temperature than said first gas, into said lower chamber, the invention characterized by said inlet from said bottom chamber for said second gas into the interior of said shell comprising a gap between the bottom of said shell and said bottom tube sheet to create a pressure of said second gas in said lower chamber which is higher than the pressure inside said shell, and further characterized by positioning said inlet nozzle means in the upper part of said lower chamber wherein a region of expansive flow of said second gas from said nozzle, as it enters said lower chamber, is substantially above said gap.
3. The heat exchanger of claim 2 further characterized by the outlet into said top chamber being a gap between said shell and said top tube sheet which is slightly wider than said gap between the bottom of said shell and said bottom tube sheet.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US47702683A | 1983-03-21 | 1983-03-21 | |
| US477,026 | 1990-02-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1238310A true CA1238310A (en) | 1988-06-21 |
Family
ID=23894196
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000450027A Expired CA1238310A (en) | 1983-03-21 | 1984-03-20 | Exchanger with even flow fluid distribution |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1238310A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2603372A1 (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-04 | Snam Progetti | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING GASES AND / OR VAPORS LEAVING IN NON-FERROUS ORE PROCESSING PLANTS |
-
1984
- 1984-03-20 CA CA000450027A patent/CA1238310A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2603372A1 (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-04 | Snam Progetti | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING GASES AND / OR VAPORS LEAVING IN NON-FERROUS ORE PROCESSING PLANTS |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |