CA1237777A - Programmable functions for reconfigurable remote control - Google Patents

Abstract

PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTIONS FOR RECONFIGURABLE
REMOTE CONTROL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A reconfigurable remote control transmitter is disclosed that has the ability to learn, store and repeat the remote control codes from any other infrared transmitter. The reconfigurable remote control transmitter includes an infrared receiver, a microprocessor, nonvolatile and scratch pad random access memories, and an infrared transmitter. The microprocessor application is divided into four main categories: learning, storing, retransmitting, and user interface. In the learning process, the reconfigurable remote control transmitter receives and decodes the transmissions from another remote control transmitter. The process is repeated at least twice for each key to make sure that it has been properly received and decoded. Once the data has been received and decoded, it is stored for later use. In order to do this, the received and decoded data is compressed so that it can fit into the nonvolatile memory. This process is repeated for each of the several remote control transmitters that are to be replaced by the reconfigurable remote control transmitter. While the learning and storing operations have been completed, the reconfigurable remote control transmitter is ready to use.

Description

'7 PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTIONS FOR RECONFIGURABLE
REMOTE CONTROL
Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to remote control transmitters of the type used with various consumer products sun as television receivers and the like and, more particularly, to a reconfigurable remote control transmitter which may be programmed to emulate any one of a plurality of individual transmitters.
Background of the Invention Many new consumer electronic products, particularly video products, are available with hand held infrared remote control transmitters. A consumer may have separate remote control transmitters for a television, a cable converter, video cassette recorder, and a video disc player, for example. In such a case, it is confusing to know which transmitter to pick up to control which product. Moreover, carrying around four different remote control transmitters spoils the convenience of the remote control feature. It is therefore desirable to provide a single remote control transmitter for controlling each of several products.
A number of solutions have been proposed for this I 3 3~-T~-~683 problem in the prior art. One example is disclosed in the patent to Lit et at, US. Patent No. 4,274,0B2. In the Lit et at system, an amplifier, a tuner, a tape recorder, and a turntable are interconnected by a two-conductor cable.
5 Each of these devices is controlled by a corresponding microprocessor, and a hand held transmitter is used to transmit coded signals that control the operation of the individual devices. the coded signals are received by a common receiver and first conversion circuit to provide lo voltage pulses on the two-wire cable. Additional conversion circuits are required for each microprocessor in order to convert the voltage pulses on toe two-wire cable to pulses which can be used by the microprocessors Another example is disclosed in US. Patent No.
15 4,200,862 to Campbell et at. The Campbell et at system includes a single receiver/transmitter unit which may be placed on a table, for example, and a hand held transmitter, but in this case, the receiver/~ransmitter unit injects digital pulses onto the house mains at times of zero 20 crossing of the mains voltage. Various appliances are plugged into the house mains via slave units which are each responsive to an assigned digital address and a digital operation code to control its appliance.
Common to both the Lit et at and Campbell et at 25 systems is the use of a central receiver, an interconnecting transmission line and the requirement of a separate controller device fur each product or appliance. Clearly, this approach solves the basic problem of multiple transmitters for multiple products or appliances, but the 30 solution is both complex and expensive from the point of view of the consumer. A simpler, less expensive solution to the problem is needed.

I I 38-T~-9683 Summary of the Invention It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a single remote control transmitter which can operate any product or appliance with a remote control 5 feature without modification or interconnection of the individual product 5 or appliances.
It is another object of the invention to provide a simple and inexpensive control for a plurality of remotely controlled consumer products even though those products may 10 be produced by different manufactures and respond to different transmission protocols.
The objects of the invention are accomplished by providing a reconfigurable remote control transmitter that has the ability to learn, store and repeat the remote 15 control codes from any other infrared transmitter. The reconfigurable remote control transmitter includes an infrared receiver, a microprocessor, nonvolatile and scratch pad random access memories, and an infrared transmitter.
The microprocessor application is divided into four main 20 categories: learning, storing, retransmitting, and user interface. In the learning process, the reconfigurable remote control transmitter receives and decodes the transmissions from another remote control transmitter for, say, a television receiver. The process is repeated at 25 least twice for each key to make sure that it has been properly received and decoded. Once the data has been received and decoded, it must be stored for later use;
however in order to do this, the received and decoded data must be compressed so that it can fit into the nonvolatile 30 memory. this process is repeated for each of the several remote control transmitters that are to be replayed by the reconfigurable remote control transmitter. When the learning and storing operations have been completed, the 1~3 reconfigurable remote control transmitter is ready to use.
Brief Description of the Drawings _ The foregoing and other objects, advantages and aspects of the invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:
Figures lo to it are graphical representations of several modulation schemes which are used in infrared remote control transmitters;
Figures pa to Ed are graphical representations of several keyboard encoding schemes that may be used with the modulation schemes illustrated in Figures lo to it;
Figure 3 is a plan view of the reconfigurable remote control transmitter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figures pa to Ed, when aligned from left to right, constitute a block diagram of the reconfigurable remote control transmitter according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figures pa and 5b are graphical and tabular representations of the data collection and initial data compression technique performed by the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a tabular representation of the correlation process performed during the learning procedure;
Figure 7 is a tabular representation of the process of removing repeats from the learned code in order to further compress the data for storing in the nonvolatile memory; and Figure 8 is a tabular representation of the compressed learned code.

I I 7 38-T~-9683 S

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment In order to understand the learning process, the available infrared codes to be learned must first be understood. This turns out to be a very wide range of 5 different codes. Figure 1 illustrates several modulation schemes. Figures lo through lug are different types of grated carrier frequency. Typical carrier frequencies for infrared remote transmitters are 20KHz to ~5KHz, with the majority at 38KHz and 40KHz. The grating schemes illustrated include lo both fixed and variable bit periods, non-return to zero (~RZ), variable burst width, single/double burst modulation schemes, and a final catch-all category called random because there is no readily distinguishable pattern of ones and zeros. In addition to these schemes, there is also a -- ~LalJsmitter which puts out a different continuous frequency I for each key at approximately 300Hz spacings as represented in Figure lo. Finally, several new types of transmitters do not use a carrier frequency at all but, instead, send a stream of pulses where the data is encoded 20 in the spacing between infrared pulses as shown in Figure it .
Figure 1 shows the data modulation schemes, but most transmitters also have a higher level of data organization, which may be called a keyboard encoding scheme. This causes 25 data to be sent in different formats depending on the transmitter and the key pressed. Figure 2 shows several of these keyboard encoding schemes. Figure 2b shows data that is sent once for each key press. Figure 2c shows data that is repeated three times and then stopped for each key press.
30 These schemes are used to conserve power and extend battery life. Figure 2c also shows data that continues to repeat as long as the key is pressed. This is often used for continuous functions such as volume control or channel scanting. Figure Ed shows a modification of the continuous repeat scheme shown in Figure 2c where the initial key date is sent, followed by a series of "keep-alive" pulses as long as the key is pressed. This scheme is also used to conserve power and extend battery life.
In addition to schemes 2b through Ed, some remote control transmitters precede all transmitted key data with some form of preamble data stream to get the receiver's attention. This is shown in Figure pa, but it will be understood that such preamble data stream can be used with each of the keyboard encoding schemes shown in Figure 2.
Reference is now made to Figure 3 which shows in plan view the reconfigurable remote control transmitter according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
The first thing to be observed is that this unit is not much more complicated than a single transmitter for a single product. This is accomplished by the use of a combination of hard keys and soft keys and an liquid crystal display (LCD) about which more will be said later. Suffice it to say for now that hard keys are those which have a redefined function and soft keys are those which have a programmable function. The reconfigurable remote control transmitter shown in Figure 3 is capable of emulating up to four different transmitters which are indicated in the liquid crystal display 10 adjacent the legend "SOURCE" as TV, VCR, CABLE, and AX, the latter being for "auxiliary" which may be any fourth device such as, for example, a video disc player. The user selects the desired source by pressing the source key 12 each time a change in the source is desired which causes the individual legends TV, VCR, CABLE, and AX to be successively displayed in accordance with the succession of source key. When the legend for the desired source is displayed, the user simply stops depressing the source key and proceeds to operate the selected source. There is also provided 1 Jo 3 ' j 7 a learning switch (not shown) which may be provided in a protected location on the side or bottom of the transmitter case since this switch is used only once (typically) for each transmitter which is to be emulated. This switch might be located, for example, behind a slid able or pivotal cover 67 in order to prevent younger members of the family from operating it. In the learning mode, the switch is moved to the learning position and the transmitter which is to be emulated is placed so that its transmitter infrared light emitting diode (LED) is adjacent the photoelectric receiver in the reconfi~urable remote control unit. The photoelectric receiver 14 might, or example, be located at the end opposite to the infrared LED transmitter 16 in the reconfigurable remote control transmitter as shown in Figure 3. The source is selected by pressing the source key 12 as described above, and when the legend for the desired source is displayed, the user presses the center key 78.
The user is then prompted in the liquid crystal display 10 to press a key on the reconfigurable remote control trays-miller and a corresponding key on the transmitter to be emulated so that the transmitted code can be received and encoded. As will be explained in further detail, this prompt is repeated at least twice for each key in order to insure that the transmitted signal has been properly received and encoded.
Turning now to Figure 4, the receiver 14 for the reconfigurable remote control transmitter includes a photo-diode 18 connected by a differentiating capacitor 20 to the variable input of threshold amplifier 22. The output of this amplifier 22 is a series of pulses having a frequency equal to the frequency of the transmitted signal. The output of amplifier 22 is connected to an input of the microprocessor 24 and also to a detector diode 26. The output of the detector diode 26 is integrated by capacitor 28 and supplied to the variable input of a second threshold amplifier 30. The output of this amplifier is the detected envelope of the transmitted signal and is supplied to another input of the microprocessor 24. Also supplied as inputs to the microprocessor 24 are the outputs of the push button keyboard 32 and the learn switch 34. The microprocessor 24 has its own internal clock which is controlled by a crystal 36. The microprocessor 24 provides addresses for the nonvolatile random access memory 38 and the scratch pad memory 40 to the address register 42 which comprises an 8-bit latch. The two memories are essentially the same except that the nonvolatile random access memory 38 is provided with a low voltage power supply 45, typically a lithium battery, in addition to being supplied from the main power supply in order to maintain the data stored in the memory even when the main battery supply is off or dead. The micro-processor 24 also provides the control signals to the LCDdriver 46 which in turn controls the liquid crystal display 10. In addition, the microprocessor provides the drive signals for the infrared transmitter 16. In order to minimize battery drain, the several integrated circuits shown in Figure 4 are made with CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology. For example, the micro-processor may be an Intel 87C51 or a Mitsubishi 50741 microprocessor, and the memories may be IntelTM 2816 or Hitachi HM6116 random access memories.
The reconfigurable remote control in the learning process, must be able to receive, learn and repeat all of the schemes described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
In addition, in the learning process the reconfigurable remote control must read each code at least twice to make sure that it has been properly received and decoded. Small variations in the incoming code must be tolerated while large variations (errors) must be recognized and rejected.
The process is illustrated with reference to Figures 5 and 6. Referring to Figure pa first, the modulation scheme represented by Figure lb is taken as 1~3 i ~77 TRY

exemplary. this modulation scheme uses a fixed bit time but the burst width is modulated. In other words, the time for a binary "1" is the same as the time for a binary "0" but, in the case illustrated, the number of pulses transmitted 5 for a "1" is more than for a "0". The time period for a binary bit is nominally 1.85 milliseconds, the number of pulses for a binary "1" is nominally 37, and the number of pulses for a binary "I" is nominally 16. When the learn switch I is switched to the "learn position, the liquid lo crystal display 10 flashes the letter "L" to constantly remind the user that the reconfigurable remote control transmitter is in the learn mode. The user is then prompted to press a key on the reconfigurable remote control transmitter and a corresponding key on the transmitter to be 15 emulated in order to transmit a signal to be received and encoded. The first step in the receiving and encoding process is to count the number of pulses in each burst and the time period of each pause between pulses. This pulse count and pause duration data completely defines the 20 incoming signal. From this data the frequency of the transmitted signal is computed by dividing the largest number of pulses in a single burst by its corresponding time duration. For example, in Figure pa the largest number of pulses is 38 and its time period is .95 milliseconds. The 25 reason for using the largest number of pulses and its time period is to obtain the most accurate determination of the frequency of the transmitted signal. This initial raw data consists of 100 states, each state being defined as two 16-bit numbers (between 1 and 65535). The first 16-bit 30 number represents the number of infrared pulses in the pulse train. The second 16-bit number represents the time interval that the infrared pulse train was off. An additional 16-bit number represents the frequency of the 1~,3 1 7 7 TRY

infrared pulse train (typically from 30~z to 100KHz). This data requires about 320B bits of data per key pressed.
The first compression of this data is made by categorizing the pulse bursts and pauses into "bins", each 5 bin being Jo bytes with the most significant bit indicating whether the bin is a burst or a pause. As shown in Figure pa, four bins are established for the illustrated example.
These are fabled A, B, C, and D with A and C being designated as bins for bursts an B and D being designated lo as bins for pauses. It will of course be understood that more or fewer bins may be required depending on the modulation scheme which is being learned. In order to categorize the pulse bursts and pauses into the several bins, a tolerance is established so that all the bursts and 15 pauses within a nominal range are appropriately categorized into one or another of the bins. This is indicated in Figure 5b which shows lower, middle and upper values of the number of pulses in a burst and the duration of a pause.
Those bursts or pauses not falling into one of these bins 20 would be assigned to another bin established for that burst or pause. By creating these bins, the initial raw data or about 3200 bits is stored to 1600 bits per key and 16 bits per bin in the scratch pad memory 40 of Figure 4. The user is then prompted in the liquid crystal display 10 to press 25 the encoded key a second time and the process is repeated.
Then correlation is performed on the encoded data for that key as illustrated by Figure 6. Suppose that for key one, the two encoded data are the same as shown at the top of the figure. In this case, the key code sequence has teen I properly learned and can be further compressed for storage in the nonvolatile memory 38. On the other hand, assume that in the process of pressing key two for the second time, the user inadvertently moves the transmitter to be emulated ~'fJ'7t'7 38-T~-9083 and the reconfigurable remote control transmitter with respect to one other so that the encoding for the second key press is an error. In this case, the user will be prompted on the liquid crystal display 10 to press the key a third time. If the third encoding matches the first as illustrated in the figure, then the key code sequence is considered to be properly learned and can be further compressed for storage in the nonvolatile memory. A third possibility is illustrated in figure 6 and this is the case where the initial encoding is in error. Under these circumstances, no successive encoding would ever match the first. what the correlation algorithm does in this case is if the third encoding does not match the first, then the fourth is compared with the third and so on until a match of I alternate encodings is obtained.
When each key her been properly learned, the initially encoded data or each key must be further compressed to such an extent that the data for all four remote transmitters will fit into a OK byte memory. This data compression must maintain all of the vital information so that the infrared signal can be accurately reconstructed during transmission.
The first step is illustrated in Figure 7 and involves the removal of repeats prom the key encoding. It will be recalled that some of the keyboard encoding schemes shown in Figures 2c and Ed involved repeated transmission patterns.
As illustrated in Figure 7, the first two bytes (each representing a different bin) are compared with the second two bytes, and if there is no watch, then the first four bytes are compared with the next four bytes. Again, if there is no match, the first six bytes sure compared with the next six bytes and so on increasing in two byte intervals until total of half of the stored bytes are being compared with the other half of the stored bytes. If no match is :1~3'~77~;' TRY

obtained, then the process is repeated from the start but omitting the first two bytes and then the first four bytes.
In the case illustrated in the figure, a repeating pattern of ten bytes is found after an initial four byte preamble.
5 the number and pattern of the repeats are then encoded in a reduced format, as shown in figure 8. This reduces data to between 6 and ye states per key, I to 96~ bits of data per key. Once this has been accomplished, the encoding for all key is examined in order to determine if there is a common 10 preamble. If there is, this preamble is separately encoded and stripped from the encoding of all keys.
This reduces data to (typically) 96 to 48~ bits per key.
Then the number of bins is represented by a smaller number of bits than the eight bits comprising each byte. or the 15 case illustrated in figure 5, for example, the number of bits required to represent the four bin is only two.
Typically, the 8-bit bin pointer or number is reduced to a 5-bit or less bin pointer depending on the number of bins required to encode the original data. This typically 20 reduces data to 48 to 240 bits per key. In this way, data is reduced to a manageable storage size, and all of the compression data is also retained to allow re-expansion of the data to its uncompressed format for retransmission during emulation. More specifically, the compressed data 25 comprises the bin code, the position of the start of any repeating patterns, the length of the repeating pattern, the number of repeats, and the frequency of the transmission.
If there is a preamble, this is stored separately to be generated for each key pressed. This compressed data is 30 then stored in the nonvolatile memory 38 of Figure 4.
his completes the learning and storing processes which ore common to all the keys on the transmitter to be emulated. Certain keys are common to most remote 1~3 7 I 38-~ R-9683 transmitters, and these keys are included on the reconfigurable remote control transmitter as shown in Figure 3. or example, the upper part of the transmitter includes a power key 46, a mute key 48, a channel up key 50, a 5 channel down key 52, a volume up key 59, and a volume down key 56. In addition, specific keys may be provided for a video cassette recorder such as a record key 58, a play key 60, a fast forward key 62, a rewind key 64, a stop key 66, and a pause or stop motion key 68. At the lower part of the 10 transmitter there is the usual numerical keypad and enter key. Other keys shown may ye assigned other predetermined functions. wavier, because the remote transmitters from different manufacturers vary widely, providing all the keys from even four different remote control transmitters on one 13 unit would unduly complicate the reconfigurable remote control transmitter of the present invention and make operation confusing to the user. To avoid this, programmable or "soft" keys are provided which are controlled by means of the function key 70. These keys 20 include an on/off key 72, an up key 74 and a down key 76.
The function performed by these keys depends on the function -selected by the function key 70. More particularly, when the function key is pressed, a sequence of functions is displayed by the liquid crystal display depending upon the 25 source that has been selected. The desired function is selected by sequencing the function key until that function is displayed. Examples of specific functions which may be performer by the several sources are listed in the following tables.

LCD - TV FUNCTIONS LCD - VCR FUNCTIONS
Clear Son. Slow Sound Cont. Slow VIM Search -Cyan Block Search Off Timer Reverse Play Sound Fast Play Cable Frame Ad van.
Audio Mode A
Video Mode B
Plot. Con. C
Plot. Cont. e Brightness LCD - CABLE PHOENIXES
Brightness Tuning A
Color Tuning Tint A
Tint B 0 S
Treble C
Treble -Bass LCD - AX FUNCTIONS
Bass TED
Balance A -Balance B I
Sharpness C -Sharpness -Humanity A
B I
C
.

In Figure 3, the function "Sharpness" has been selected for the source TV and the up and down arrows indicate that the up and down keys are to be used to control this TRY

function. It will be observed that each of the function tables include the functions "A", "B" and "C". These are for user defined functions for those situations that a transmitter to be emulated includes a function that is not 5 previously stored in the rec~nfigurable remote control transmitter. In such a case, the user selects one of these functions and provides it with a label. This label is generated by either the key or the - key to cycle through the alphabet. Once the correct letter is displayed, the lo user presses the enter key 72 to enter it and the display indexes over one character position where the process is repeated and so on until the complete label is generated.
Thus, the liquid crystal display I and the keys of the reconfigurable remote control transmitter of the invention 15 have been designed to provide a user friendly interface which is simple and easy to use no matter what combination of remote transmitters it is configured to emulate After the transmitter has been configured as desired by the user, it is ready to use. This requires that the 20 transmitter recall, expand and transmit the required code.
This is accomplished by first determining which source has been chosen so that the correct block of data in the nonvolatile memory 38 is addressed. Then when a key is pressed, the entire block of data for that source is 25 transferred to the scratch pad memory 40. If a preamble code exists, it is copied into a 200 byte array in memory 40. Next, the key code is copied into the 200 byte array after the preamble code. At the same time, the bit compressed codes for the preamble and the key code are 30 expanded into byte codes. Then the start, length and repeat number values are added to the code for this key. All that remains is to generate the required carrier frequency. This is accomplished by software rather than provide individual 1~,3 I 7~7 38-~R-9683 carrier generators. in other words, the microprocessor uses its own clock and a divider process in order to generate the required frequency. Transmission of the expanded code is done by setting a pointer at the start of the 20~ byte array 5 and taking the 16-bit pulse count from the category indicated by the byte at the pointer. These pulses are transmitted at the carrier frowns for the pressed key.
the 16-bit pause count from the category indicated by the byte at pointer + 1 is then taken to determine the required 10 length of time for the pause, and then the next pointer is taken and so on until the entire expanded code is transmitted.
Thus, there has been provided a reconfigurable remote control transmitter capable of emulating several remote 15 control transmitters which is simple to use and requires no interconnection or modification of the products controlled.
While a specific preferred embodiment has been described, those swilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be modified within the scope of the appended claims to 20 provide for the control of more or less than four products or appliances which may or may not include video products.
In addition, the specific data encoding and compression techniques may be modified to accommodate the data to the storage space available in the nonvolatile memory.
The program specification for the programming sequence of the reconfigurable remote control transmitter it set forth below. hollowing that is a listing for a finite statement machine which specifies the program of the microprocessor.

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'7 CANNEL LEARNED FUNCTIONS IN LCD
______________________________ 18) Be sure Genius is in the 'L:
Learn mode.

19) Select current Function PRESS
(TV, VCR, Cable, or Ax.) Matching Enter KEYS

20) Select Function to be deleted. CONTRAST

21) Press Clear and at the Function "Contrast Up" will be same time. cleared from the Use mode. If the word is a preprogrammed word, it will remain in the Learn Mode.

22) If you have a new word Tone will be cleared from the use programmed in (Tome), pressing mode, and also from the Learn Clear & Enter will erase word mode. The A Up will remain.
and clear Learned code.

3 ~3'î' I 7 CANADA I KINDS
PURRER LOWRY: SUZANNE DISPLAY : eye OPERATIONS
_ _____ ___ ____,_,_ _______ ___ Select LEARN DIODE
FLASH 5 Isles : -----I
__. ____ 5 __------ LEARN
FLAS5tES : L I LEARN ; '--5 IDEA
CONlltlUOUSL~ : I : : lode I : ---------------IN YEARN DIODE ---I------- I ---I---------- I
.1 1 1 :1 I_ I'- _ I ---J---------- I, FUNtTlOlt FLASHES TINES ' WRIER : 5 : 1. Select ; : : IVY
SOURCE lo _______ __ -----------I I : 2. PRESS I : _ ___ __ ERR I I I. PRESS SIRIUS t Lowry ______ __ :
SEQUENCE lHRU : I YCR, : : I _ _ SOURCES ' CABLE, AYE!.: t : I EATER
_ __.__ : : I
___~___ ___-- ---- :
LAST SIRIUS : MY I I _ _ ____ SELEtlED I : : : : PRESS SDllRCE 5 I : 5 : IT :
: , r----_____ __ ! , , RUSS KEY GENIUS : PRESS : : -------- : .
IlAlWlh6 Roy : tUlUtlNS KEYS I l 1 FUHCttON : : _ ___ __ OTHER IRANSIIIIIER ---I ---- : : LYDIA I --- : PRESS FUSION
------- : : PRESS KEY : t It'll IF 1101 twill LONG 1 ----- : : GENIUS AVID : --. _ r ENNUI OR IF LEARNER : I DO AGAIN I; Jo 51ATCNI116 IRE FIRS llltE : they Out.
SEIKO lHRU I ---- --FIORDS 115 Tyler _.__ ___ __ -- :
SEQUENCE lHRU I CDIIIRASl ;~. - --APPROPRIATE 516h t ETC. I I -- ---------- t, --TO
_~___, ' :
SEQUENCE lHRU : ASKED 1 1 ' - 9 ------Lollers : : : SEQUEltt lHRU I : PRESS
--I- ---- : Letters : : gels EfflER
____ I I' to 7 START: Assume you were in the USE mode, and you have just switched to the LEARN mode.
STATE LEARN/USE SWITCH RESET SWITCH SOURCE FUNCTION
.___ ________________ ____________ ______ ________ 1) "LEARN MODE" Will return to NO Pressing this NO
flashes 5 times USE mode. key will step and steps you you to state into state 2). I
"L" flashes continuously.

2) select SOURCE" Will return to NO Pressing this Flash "ERROR"
"PROWS ENTER" USE mode. key will step three times will start you thrum the and return to flashing after SOURCES TV, state 2).
"LEARN MODE" stops. VCR, CABLE, The LCD will display AX and back TV source initially. again).
"L" flashes continuously.

3) "PRESS MATCHING Will return to Pushing Reset Pressing this Initially the KEYS" will begin USE mode. switch will key will LCD will flashing after erase any return you display Enter button is functions to select JIMMIES. After pressed. GENIUS learned and SOURCE" the first is now ready to clear memory "PROWS pressing, the Learn a new code. in RAM for ENTER". See first pro-"GENIUS" will the Source state 2). programmed light up in the selected. If commonly used alphanumeric the Source function for display. selected has the Soured GEE. codes stored selected will in ROM, it will appear. (See default to those state 6).
codes. After pressing you will remain in state 3).

4) "RELEASE" Will return to Pushing Reset NO NO
Flashes USE mode. switch will erase continuously when any functions a signal is received learned and clear from the OUT. in memory in RAM for state 3) and the the Source selected.
matching Genius key If the Source is pressed. selected has GEE.
"Press Matching Keys" codes stored in ROM, not lighted. it will default to "L" flashes those codes. After continuously. pressing you will return to state I

1~'3 Jo I

+/- CLEAR ENTER/RECALL OTHER BUTTONS
___ ___ _ ___ ____________ _____________ 1) NO NO NO NO NO

2) NO NO NO Enters TV mode if no NO
additional sources have been selected.
Enters last source selected if it has been changed. "PRESS
MATCHING KEYS"
will flash (state 3).

3) NO Can Learn Can Learn Can Learn Enter/ All of these buttons +/- function Clear lung- Recall function can be used with the in this mode. lion in in this mode. buttons of the OUT.
Pressing by this mode. Pressing by it- to Learn a Function.
itself - See state self - NOPE Pressing these keys NOPE 9) to use by themselves - NOPE
with other Press any of these keys to keys plus the keys Clear LCD of the OUT. will functions indicate "Release"
from the (see state I If USE mode. the Genius key is Pressing released before the by itself - Function is Learned, NOPE "DO AGAIN" will flash in alpha.
display (see state

5). The Keys on the Genius in TV, and VCR modes have been preprogrammed to the GEE. codes, but can be changed by Learning new codes over them.

4) NO NO NO NO Release Genius Key will cause "Release"
to stop flashing and "Do Again" to flash (see state 5).

1~J3 "I

5) "DO AGAIN" Will return to Pushing Reset Pressing this NO
GENIUS is now USE mode switch will key will return ready to verify erase any lung- you to select that code has been lions learned SOURCE" "PROWS
Learned. "Press and clear memory ENTER". See Matching Keys" is in RAM for the state 2).
flashing. "L" Source selected.
flashes continuously. If the Source selected has GEE.
codes stored in ROM, it will default to those codes. After pressing you will return to state 3).

6) "FUNCTION" Will return to NO NO NO
"LEARNED" will USE mode. Any flash 3 times Function Learned after code has been in the Learn mode successfully will now be in the transmitted from USE mode. Only the OUT. to the those LCD Functions GENIUS. After learned will appear flashing, it will in the USE mode.
return you to the state you were previously in. If you were in any of the two LCD states, it will return you to the Function that you just Learned.
"L" flashes continuously.

7) LCD STATE 1 Will return to Pushing Reset Pressing this With "PRESS MATCHING USE mode. switch will erase key will return additional KEYS" "SLOW" lighted any functions you to "1. pressing in alpha. display. learned and SELECT SOURCE" it will "I " flashes clear memory in "PROWS ENTER". sequence continuously. ROY for the See state 2). through "L" flashes Source selected. the pro-continuously. The If the Source programmed Function button selected has functions has been pressed, GEE. codes stored and into and in this case in ROM, it will state 8).
we are in the VCR default to those Source mode and Slow codes. After is the first function pressing you will on the Preprogrammed return to state 3).
list. Slow has both an on/off and upon functions.

I Jo 5) NO NO NO NO Press the same Keys again and the LCD
will say "Function"
"Learned" (See state 6). If you release GENIUS key too soon, or a different signal is received the second time, the LCD will display "DO AGAIN".
Repeat state 5) until LCD says "FUNCTION"
"LEARNED" (then see state 6).
6) NO NO NO NO NO

7) These Keys Can Learn Can Learn Clear Can Learn All of these buttons can be used +/- function function in Enter/Recall can be used with the with the keys in this mode. this mode. function in buttons of the OUT.
of the OUT. Pressing by See state 9) to this mode. to Learn a Function.
to Learn new itself - NOPE use with other Pressing Pressing these keys Codes for each keys to Clear by itself - by themselves - NOPE
LCD function. LCD functions NOPE Press any of these Pressing by from the USE keys plus the keys itself - NOPE mode. Press- of the OUT. will in by itself - indicate "Release"
NOPE (see state 4). If the GENIUS key is released before the Function is Learned, "DO AGAIN" will flash in alpha. display (see state 5). The Keys on the Genius in TV, and VCR modes have been pro-programmed to the GEE. codes, but can be changed by Learning new codes over them.

'7'7'7~7 I LCD STATE 2 Will return to Pushing Reset Pressing Pressing this ABED or USE mode. switch will erase this key button will E Functions. any functions will return sequence you "A" lighted learned and clear you to thrum the initially. memory in RUM for select ABED & E
"L" flashes the Source selected. SOURCE" positions where continuously. If the Source "PROWS you can add a When you want selected has GEE. ENTER". word and then to add a word codes stored in See state back to state which has not ROM, it will 2). 7).
been permanently default to those listed in the codes. After LCD library of pressing you will commonly used return to state Functions, 3).
sequence the function button to the AHAB, etc.
position desired.
Press +/- keys to start spelling out a word.

9) Clear - Cancel Will return to Pushing Reset Pressing LCD will step a Word, or USE mode. switch will erase this key you thrum pro-Programmed any functions will programmed LCD Function learned and clear return you commonly used in USE mode. memory in RAM for to "1. functions or Start at state the Source selected. SELECT Abet 6 or 7 in the If the Source SOURCE" functions Learn mode. selected has GEE. "PROWS depending on codes stored in ENTER". which state ROM, it will See you are in.
default to those state 2). Use this key codes. After to select pressing you will Function to return to state 3). be cleared.

9) These Keys can Pressing the + Can Learn Clear Pressing by All of these be used with button will function in itself - NIP. buttons can be used the Keys of the sequence the first this mode. After selecting with the buttons of OUT. to Learn position in the LCD See state I to the correct letter the OUT. to Learn a new Codes for thrum the alphabet. use with other for position 1, Function. Pressing each LCD function. The - button will keys to Clear press enter to these keys by Pressing by reverse the sequence. LCD functions step to the themselves - NOPE
itself - NOPE GENIUS cannot from the USE next position and Press any of these Learn +/- Function mode. Pressing place the first keys plus the keys in this state. by itself - NOPE letter into LCD of the OUT. will Pressing OUT. memory. indicate "Release"
button and +/- Repeat steps with (see state 4). If on GENIUS will +/- buttons to add the Genius key is cause "ERROR" second letter and released before to flash three complete word. the Function is times & return you GENIUS cannot Learned, "DO AGAIN"
to previous state. Learn ENTER/RECALL will flash in alpha.
Function in this display (see state state. Pressing I). The keys on OUT. button and the Genius in TV, E/R on GENIUS and VCR modes will cause have been pro-"ERROR" to flash programmed Jo three times the GEE. codes, return you to state but can be changed that you were in. by Learning new codes over them.

9) These keys can See appropriate Pressing by See appropriate See appropriate be used with the state. itself - NOPE state. state.
keys of the OUT. Select the to Learn new Codes Function to be for each LCD cleared from the function. USE mode by Pressing by pressing Function itself - NOPE key until Function appears in the LCD.
Press Clear key and Enter key at the same time and hold for 1 sec. this will clear a new word out of both the USE mode and the Learn mode.
It will also clear a preprogrammed LCD function out of the USE mode.
In the Attica.
positions clearing a word from the UP
mode will also clear the DOWN mode.
Clearing the ON/OFF mode clears only that mode.

, 101 ~D'.'ERLC~D`
This Jill appear in the alphanumeric dippy Lyon the SWISS runs cut Do ~etDry in I It lill flash 5 toes and return you to the prudes irate 11) testing Switch lo USE nude to test codes learned.

NIP: NC DPEk~llOH IN PROWS note

Claims (6)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. In a reconfigurable remote control transmitter for use with a plurality of remotely controlled products or appliances each of which is controllable with one or more signals transmitted from an associated remote control transmitter, said reconfigurable remote control transmitter emulating the remote control transmitters of said plurality of remotely controlled products or appliances and comprising receiver means operable in a learning mode for receiving signals transmitted from a remote control transmitter to be emulated, said signals being comprised of bursts of pulses separated by pauses, prompting means, microprocessor means connected to receive the output of said receiver means during said learning mode and coupled to said prompting means for prompting a user to initiate transmission of a signal from the remote control transmitter to be emulated and counting the number of pulses in each burst of pulses and the time duration of each pause of a transmission, said microprocessor means being programmed to categorize the pulse bursts and pauses and generate a compressed code for each signal provided by the remote control transmitter to be emulated, memory means addressed by said microprocessor means for storing said compressed codes, and transmitter means controlled by said micro-processor means in an emulation mode for transmitting a coded signal for controlling a selected remotely controlled product or appliance, said microprocessor means being further programmed to recall from said memory means a desired compressed code, expand said code and cause said transmitter means to transmit the coded signal in an emulation mode, the improvement comprising:
said prompting means includes display means controlled by said microprocessor means for identifying a selected source corresponding to one of said remotely controlled products or appliances; and source means connected to said microprocessor means which when actuated causes said display means to successively identify a plurality of sources.

2. The improvement in the reconfigurable remote control transmitter as recited in claim 1 wherein said display means further displays a selected function of a selected one of said plurality of sources, further comprising means connected to said microprocessor means which when actuated causes a sequential display of functions which may be selected for the selected source.

3. The improvement in the reconfigurable remote control transmitter as recited in claim 2 wherein at least one of the functions displayed by said display means includes a user definable function, further comprising alphabetic character key means connected to said micro-processor means which when depressed causes alphabetic characters to be successively displayed, and enter key means also connected to said microprocessor means which when depressed enters the current alphabetic character displayed and indexes the display one character position to allow for the successive entry of alphabetic characters in order to name the user defined function.

4. The improvement in the reconfigurable remote control transmitter as recited in claim 2 wherein said display means is a liquid crystal display having icons and legends energized by said microprocessor means according to the source and function selected.

5. The improvement in the reconfigurable remote control transmitter as recited in claim 4 wherein said microprocessor means is programmed to display only those functions learned in said learning mode when said reconfigurable remote control transmitter is used in said emulation mode.
6. The improvement in the reconfigurable remote control transmitter as recited in claim 4 wherein

Claim 6 continued:
said microprocessor means is programmed to energized said liquid crystal display in said learning mode to provide instructions to the user.