CA1232221A - Process of drying and heating oil-containing solids - Google Patents
Process of drying and heating oil-containing solidsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1232221A CA1232221A CA000457761A CA457761A CA1232221A CA 1232221 A CA1232221 A CA 1232221A CA 000457761 A CA000457761 A CA 000457761A CA 457761 A CA457761 A CA 457761A CA 1232221 A CA1232221 A CA 1232221A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heated
- mixed vapors
- solid residue
- process according
- solids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10F—DRYING OR WORKING-UP OF PEAT
- C10F5/00—Drying or de-watering peat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10F—DRYING OR WORKING-UP OF PEAT
- C10F5/00—Drying or de-watering peat
- C10F5/06—Drying or de-watering peat combined with a carbonisation step for producing turfcoal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
In a drying zone, the solids are directly contacted with superheated steam, which enters at a tem-perature of at least 200°C. Part of the mixed vapors leaving the drying zone are removed and the remaining mixed vapors are heated to at least 200°C and recycled to the drying zone. The mixed vapors may be heated, e.g., by an indirect heat exchange with hot flue gas or hot solids.
The heated solids may subsequently be distilled at tem-peratures of about 400 to 600°C in a mixture with a hot, fine-grained heat transfer medium. The drying zone may be provided in a vertical pneumatic conveyor, a fluidized bed, a rotary kiln or a cyclone battery.
In a drying zone, the solids are directly contacted with superheated steam, which enters at a tem-perature of at least 200°C. Part of the mixed vapors leaving the drying zone are removed and the remaining mixed vapors are heated to at least 200°C and recycled to the drying zone. The mixed vapors may be heated, e.g., by an indirect heat exchange with hot flue gas or hot solids.
The heated solids may subsequently be distilled at tem-peratures of about 400 to 600°C in a mixture with a hot, fine-grained heat transfer medium. The drying zone may be provided in a vertical pneumatic conveyor, a fluidized bed, a rotary kiln or a cyclone battery.
Description
23222~
The present invention relates to a process of drying and heating oil-containing solids. Such solids include mainly tar sands, oil sands, and oil containing diatomite.
It is an object of the invention to effect the drying and heating in a simple and economical manner in a process in which a pollution of the environment is entirely or substantially precluded.
According to the present invention, there is provided a process of drying and heating oil-containing solids, characterized in that the solids are directly contacted in a drying zone with superheated steam entering at a temperature of at least 200~, dried and heated solids and mixed vapors are separately withdrawn, a hydrocarbon-containing part of the mixed vapors is removed, and the remaining mixed vapors are heated to at least 200C and recycled to the drying zone.
Whenever oil-containing solids are dried and heated at the tame time, the resulting vapors contain steam as well as hydrocarbon vapors, which must not be discharged into the environment. If the feed stocks have substantial contents of low-bo~liny oils, as is the case, e.g., with oil-containing diatomite, the vapors evolved during the drying operation may contain hydrocarbons in substantial quantities so that a separation is required in that case even for economic reasons.
In the process according to the invention, a partial stream of the vapors evolved during the drying operation can be branched off and condensed and the con-dented hydrocarbons can be separated from the water. The vapors have only a low content of permanent gases, which enter mainly in the interstitial volume of the feed stock and as infiltrated air that has been sucked. After the condensation, that partial stream consists only of a small :.
ISLES
quantity of permanent gas. Before that gas is discharged into the atmosphere, it may be purified in conventional manner, e.g., by means of an adsorbent, such as activated carbon, or may be burnt, if such treatment is necessary.
The process may also be used to dry and preheat bituminous feed stocks, such as oil shale, hard coal or brown coal.
It is recommended to subject the dried and heated solids to dry distillation, which is known per so and has been described, e.g., in German Patent 1,909,263 or Laid-open German Application 29 37 065 and the corresponding US. Patents 3,703,442 and 4,318,798. The known distill-lion is effected at temperatures of about 400 to 600C in that the distillation feed stock is mixed with a hot, fine-gained heat transfer medium. The heat transfer medium has previously been heated by a combustion process, by which flue gases at a temperature of 650 to 900C had been produced. The solid distillation residue still contains residual hydrocarbons. In a manner which will be explained more in detail hereinafter, that solid residue or the flue gases may be used to supply heat to the mixed vapors which are to be recycled to the drying zone.
The mixed vapors may be heated key the following processes:
1. An indirect heat exchange with hot flue gas, which either comes from the distillation equipment or has been produced by the combustion of an inexpensive fuel, which may be solid, liquid or gaseous. The permanent gas which it left after the condensation of a partial stream of the mixed vapors, as explained herein before, may be used for that combustion.
The present invention relates to a process of drying and heating oil-containing solids. Such solids include mainly tar sands, oil sands, and oil containing diatomite.
It is an object of the invention to effect the drying and heating in a simple and economical manner in a process in which a pollution of the environment is entirely or substantially precluded.
According to the present invention, there is provided a process of drying and heating oil-containing solids, characterized in that the solids are directly contacted in a drying zone with superheated steam entering at a temperature of at least 200~, dried and heated solids and mixed vapors are separately withdrawn, a hydrocarbon-containing part of the mixed vapors is removed, and the remaining mixed vapors are heated to at least 200C and recycled to the drying zone.
Whenever oil-containing solids are dried and heated at the tame time, the resulting vapors contain steam as well as hydrocarbon vapors, which must not be discharged into the environment. If the feed stocks have substantial contents of low-bo~liny oils, as is the case, e.g., with oil-containing diatomite, the vapors evolved during the drying operation may contain hydrocarbons in substantial quantities so that a separation is required in that case even for economic reasons.
In the process according to the invention, a partial stream of the vapors evolved during the drying operation can be branched off and condensed and the con-dented hydrocarbons can be separated from the water. The vapors have only a low content of permanent gases, which enter mainly in the interstitial volume of the feed stock and as infiltrated air that has been sucked. After the condensation, that partial stream consists only of a small :.
ISLES
quantity of permanent gas. Before that gas is discharged into the atmosphere, it may be purified in conventional manner, e.g., by means of an adsorbent, such as activated carbon, or may be burnt, if such treatment is necessary.
The process may also be used to dry and preheat bituminous feed stocks, such as oil shale, hard coal or brown coal.
It is recommended to subject the dried and heated solids to dry distillation, which is known per so and has been described, e.g., in German Patent 1,909,263 or Laid-open German Application 29 37 065 and the corresponding US. Patents 3,703,442 and 4,318,798. The known distill-lion is effected at temperatures of about 400 to 600C in that the distillation feed stock is mixed with a hot, fine-gained heat transfer medium. The heat transfer medium has previously been heated by a combustion process, by which flue gases at a temperature of 650 to 900C had been produced. The solid distillation residue still contains residual hydrocarbons. In a manner which will be explained more in detail hereinafter, that solid residue or the flue gases may be used to supply heat to the mixed vapors which are to be recycled to the drying zone.
The mixed vapors may be heated key the following processes:
1. An indirect heat exchange with hot flue gas, which either comes from the distillation equipment or has been produced by the combustion of an inexpensive fuel, which may be solid, liquid or gaseous. The permanent gas which it left after the condensation of a partial stream of the mixed vapors, as explained herein before, may be used for that combustion.
2. An indirect heat exchange between the mixed vapors and the hot solid residue left after the distillation of the oil-containing solids, which had been dried and ~32~
heated before. The carbon-containing solid residue left after a distillation at temperatures of 400 to 600C may be heated further by a combustion process before the heat exchange. That combustion process may be carried out in the distillation plant and serves there to heat the heat transfer medium, which is circulated.
On the other hand, as part of the solid residue must always be removed from the distillation process, said solid residue may be heated or additionally heated out-side the distillation plant by a combustion process, which may be supplied with additional fuel, if desired.
If that combustion process is effected in a fluidized bed reactor, the latter suitably contains pipe banks flown through by the mixed vapors.
heated before. The carbon-containing solid residue left after a distillation at temperatures of 400 to 600C may be heated further by a combustion process before the heat exchange. That combustion process may be carried out in the distillation plant and serves there to heat the heat transfer medium, which is circulated.
On the other hand, as part of the solid residue must always be removed from the distillation process, said solid residue may be heated or additionally heated out-side the distillation plant by a combustion process, which may be supplied with additional fuel, if desired.
If that combustion process is effected in a fluidized bed reactor, the latter suitably contains pipe banks flown through by the mixed vapors.
3. Alternatively, the mixed vapors or part thereof may be directly contacted with the solid residue. Such direct contact may be effected, e.g., in a pneumatic conveyor, a single or multiple fluidized bed, a packed column, a cyclone battery or a rotary kiln. If the solid residue ; 20 is at temperatures of about 550 to 900C in that opera-lion, part or all of the residual carbon in the solid residue may be gasified under the action of the hot steam. On the other hand, if the solid residue is held at low temperatures of about 200 Tokyo, it will act as an adsorbent to bind part of the hydrocarbons con-twined in the mixed vapors. By the adsorption, the hydrocarbon content of the mixed vapors which are circulated and also in the partial stream which is withdrawn can be limited so that it may not be necessary to condense the water vapor which is to be discharged.
In that procedure it is generally necessary to effect an additional heating of the mixed vapors after the adsorb-lion so that the mixed vapors will be at a sufficiently high temperature when they enter the drying zone.
~1.232~2~
In that procedure it is generally necessary to effect an additional heating of the mixed vapors after the adsorb-lion so that the mixed vapors will be at a sufficiently high temperature when they enter the drying zone.
~1.232~2~
4. Besides, part of the carbon containing solid distill-lion residue may be additionally heated by a combustion process, thereafter the heated solid residue is cooled in direct contact with cooling air, and thy heated cooling air and, if desired, flue gas from the distill-lion plant, may also be used for an indirect heating of the mixed vapors to be recycled to the drying zone. At least part of the heated cooling air or of the flue gas may be supplied to the drying zone although this may result in a higher content of permanent gases in the vapors evolved in the dryer The drying zone may suitably be provided in a vertical pneumatic conveyor, known per so, in which the solids to be dried are heated in co-current contact with the rising drying fluid. Alternatively, the drying zone may consist of a fluidized bed or be provided in a rotary kiln or a cyclone battery. The use of a cyclone battery as a heat exchanger is known, e.g., from US. Relent 3,884,620.
The oil-containing solids leaving the drying zone are usually at a temperature in the range from 50 to 250C, preferably from 80 to 200C. The drying fluid entering the drying zone is at a temperature in the range from 200 to 750C and preferably from 300 to 600C.
Preferred embodiments will be described herein-after, as example, without limitative manner, having reference the attached drawings, wherein-Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the process, in which the mixed vapors are heated by an indirect heat exchange and Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the process, in which the mixed vapors are in direct contact with the solid residue.
In accordance with Figure 1, the oil-containing ~L;Z3~
solids to be dried are supplied in line 1 to the lower end of a pneumatic conveyor 2, in which they are upwardly entrained and heated by a drying fluid, which is supplied in line 3 and consists mainly of superheated steam. A
stream consisting of the dried solids, the vapors evolved during the drying operation and the cooled heating fluid flows in line 4 to a cyclone separator 5, in which the solids are separated from the gases and vapors. Very coarse-grained solids are recycled in the return line 6 to the entrance of the drying zone. A disintegrator, not shown, may be incorporated in the return line. That return line may alternatively constitute an integral part of the feeder (line 1).
By the conveyor 7, the dried and heated solids at a temperature in the range from 50 to 250C, preferably from 80 to 200C, are supplied to a distillation plant, which is known per so. The mixed vapors leaving the cyclone
The oil-containing solids leaving the drying zone are usually at a temperature in the range from 50 to 250C, preferably from 80 to 200C. The drying fluid entering the drying zone is at a temperature in the range from 200 to 750C and preferably from 300 to 600C.
Preferred embodiments will be described herein-after, as example, without limitative manner, having reference the attached drawings, wherein-Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the process, in which the mixed vapors are heated by an indirect heat exchange and Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the process, in which the mixed vapors are in direct contact with the solid residue.
In accordance with Figure 1, the oil-containing ~L;Z3~
solids to be dried are supplied in line 1 to the lower end of a pneumatic conveyor 2, in which they are upwardly entrained and heated by a drying fluid, which is supplied in line 3 and consists mainly of superheated steam. A
stream consisting of the dried solids, the vapors evolved during the drying operation and the cooled heating fluid flows in line 4 to a cyclone separator 5, in which the solids are separated from the gases and vapors. Very coarse-grained solids are recycled in the return line 6 to the entrance of the drying zone. A disintegrator, not shown, may be incorporated in the return line. That return line may alternatively constitute an integral part of the feeder (line 1).
By the conveyor 7, the dried and heated solids at a temperature in the range from 50 to 250C, preferably from 80 to 200C, are supplied to a distillation plant, which is known per so. The mixed vapors leaving the cyclone
5 in line 8 are first subjected to a coarse dust collection in another cyclone stage or in a filter 9 and are then forced by the blower 10 into the line 11. The steam formed by the drying operation is removed in that a partial stream of the vapors evolved in the dryer is fed in line 12 to a cooler 13, in which water vapors and the oil vapors are condensed. The condensate leaving the cooler 13 contains also hydrocarbons and is delivered in line 14 to a separate in container 15, which preferably operates by gravity.
Water having a higher specific gravity is withdrawn in line 16 and liquid hydrocarbons are withdrawn in line 17.
In addition to condensate, permanent gases are withdrawn from the cooler 13 in line 18. Said p rmanent gases con-sit mainly of air and may possibly contain residual low-boiling hydrocarbons. In an after-purification plant, not shown, the hydrocarbons may be eliminated by being burnt or may be recovered by being adsorbed so that a non-:;~L23Z'~2~
polluting exhaust gas is left. Because the volume of gas is small, the after burning or adsorption equipment requires only a low expenditure.
The main part of the mixed vapors from line 11 is supplied in line 20 to a heat exchanger 21 and is heated therein to temperatures of 200 to 750C, preferably 300 to 600C, by means of hot gases consisting particularly of flue gas from line 22. The resulting superheated steam together with residual hydrocarbons and small amounts of permanent gases is reused as a drying fluid and supplied in line 3 to the pneumatic conveyor 2.
The dried and heated solids are first supplied in line 7 to a storage bin 25 and are subsequently distilled in known manner For this purpose, hot, fine-grained distillation residue from line 26 and the distillation feed-stock from the bin 25 are mixed in a mixing conveyor 27 so that a mixture at a temperature in the range from 400 to 600C is obtained. The gaseous and vaporous products leave the mixing conveyor 27 through line 28 and for a removal of solids flow through a cyclone 29 and are subsequently delivered in line 30 to a condensing plant, which is not shown and known per so. The solid distillation residue is first collected in the bin 31 and is then withdrawn through line 32. Part of the solid residue is fed to the pneumatic conveyor 32, which is supplied with heated combustion air from line 34 and, if desired, with additional fuel and in which the carbon contained in the residue is burnt. The resulting flue gases entrain the solids upwardly into the collecting bin 35. The flue gases leave the bin 35 in line 36 and are subjected to a coarse dust collection in the cyclone 37 and then flow in line 22 to the heat exchanger 21.
Part of the solids withdrawn from bin 31 are conducted in line 40 and together with the solids withdrawn SLY
from the cyclone 29 are supplied in line 41 to a solids cooler 42. The solids cooler 42 is known per so and described, ego in US Patent 4,318,798. Cooling air is supplied in line 43 to the solids cooler from below Jo that the solids are maintained in a fluidized state.
Residual carbon may be burnt in the cooler, which is divided into different sections for that purpose. The exhaust gas from the cooler flows in line 44 to a dust-collecting cyclone 45 and is subsequently admixed in line 46 to the flue gases in line 22. The mixed hot gases deliver part of their heat in the heat exchanger 21 and then flow in line 47 to a fine dust collector 48, e.g., an electrostatic precipitator, before the gases are discharged into the atmosphere.
The energy content of the flue gases leaving the cyclone 37 is usually so high that the vapors from the dryer, which are conducted in line 20, can be adequately heated by said flue gases alone. In that case the fluidized bed cooler 42 and the gases in line 46 may be used for other purposes. If the vapors from the dryer cannot be adequately heated by waste heat, additional heat may be supplied, e.g., by means of a fuel-fired superheater.
In the process diagrammatically shown in Figure 2, a cyclone battery is used, in which solid residue is directly contacted with the mixed vapors. In the manner which has been disclosed with reference to Figure 1, the mixed vapors from the drying zone 2 flow through the two cyclone separators 5 and pa and are forced by the blower 10 through line 11 into the cyclone battery, which consists of three cyclone heat exchangers 50, 51, 52. A partial stream is previously branched off in line 12 so that the surplus volume is withdrawn, for instance, in the manner shown in Figure 1. The mixed vapors are conducted from bottom to top through line aye, cyclone 50, line aye, :~2~3;222~
cyclone 51, line aye and cyclone 51 and at an elevated temperature leave the battery in line 3. Hot solid residue at about 600 to 900C is added from line 54 to the vapor stream in line aye and is then supplied to the cyclone 52 and separated there and from line 55 is added to the vapor stream in line aye, entrained to the cyclone 51 and separated there, and from line 56 is added to the vapor stream in line aye and in the cyclone 50 is separated from the vapor stream and is then withdrawn in a cooled state in line 57.
The solids contained in the collecting bin 35 had previously been heated to temperatures of about 600 to 900C by a combustion in the vertical pneumatic conveyor OWE Thereafter, a first partial stream used as a heat transfer medium for the distillation is branched off and supplied in line 26 to the mixer 27 and a second partial stream is branched off ill line 54.
The mixed vapors in line 3 have been heated to temperatures of at least 200C and preferably at least 300C and are supplied to the pneumatic conveyor 2 and used therein to dry oil-containing solids from line 1. The remaining parts of the process are carried out in accordance with the explanations given with reference to Figure 1.
Example In a plant like that shown in Figure 1, a disk tilled oil at a rate of 65 metric tons per hour is produced by a dry distillation of moist, fine-grained diatomite, / which contains 30 wt.% water and is supplies at a rate ; of 400 metric tons per hour. The diatomite is initially dried to a residual moisture content of 5 wt.% in a pneumatic dryer 2 with superheated steam as a drying and entraining fluid. Superheated steam at a rate of 525,000 my stop is delivered by a recuperator 21 through line 3 to the conveyor 2 and enters the latter at a temperature of I
435C. In the conveyor 2,- the superheated steam entrains the diatomite in an upward direction so that the moisture is evaporated to a residual content of 5 wt.%. Oil at a rate of 620 kg/h is evaporated at the same time and is discharged in the mixed vapors flowing through lines 4, 8 and 11. The mixed vapors in line 11 consist of 99.5 vol.
steam, 0.2 vol.% air and 0.3% oil vapors and is at a temperature of 120VC. The additional volume which is due to the evaporation, inclusive of the permanent gases, is branched from the mixed vapors in line 12 and supplied to a condenser 13, in which water at a rate of 105 metric tons per hour and oil at a rate of 550 kg/h are recovered in a liquid phase and are subsequently separated from each other.
Non-condensible gases at a rate of 850 my stop. per hour, which contain 70 kg/h oil, are deviled in an activated carbon adsorbed and are subsequently discharged into the open. Alternatively, said gases may be added, e.g., to the combustion air for the recuperator, if the latter consists of a fuel-fired heater.
. .
Water having a higher specific gravity is withdrawn in line 16 and liquid hydrocarbons are withdrawn in line 17.
In addition to condensate, permanent gases are withdrawn from the cooler 13 in line 18. Said p rmanent gases con-sit mainly of air and may possibly contain residual low-boiling hydrocarbons. In an after-purification plant, not shown, the hydrocarbons may be eliminated by being burnt or may be recovered by being adsorbed so that a non-:;~L23Z'~2~
polluting exhaust gas is left. Because the volume of gas is small, the after burning or adsorption equipment requires only a low expenditure.
The main part of the mixed vapors from line 11 is supplied in line 20 to a heat exchanger 21 and is heated therein to temperatures of 200 to 750C, preferably 300 to 600C, by means of hot gases consisting particularly of flue gas from line 22. The resulting superheated steam together with residual hydrocarbons and small amounts of permanent gases is reused as a drying fluid and supplied in line 3 to the pneumatic conveyor 2.
The dried and heated solids are first supplied in line 7 to a storage bin 25 and are subsequently distilled in known manner For this purpose, hot, fine-grained distillation residue from line 26 and the distillation feed-stock from the bin 25 are mixed in a mixing conveyor 27 so that a mixture at a temperature in the range from 400 to 600C is obtained. The gaseous and vaporous products leave the mixing conveyor 27 through line 28 and for a removal of solids flow through a cyclone 29 and are subsequently delivered in line 30 to a condensing plant, which is not shown and known per so. The solid distillation residue is first collected in the bin 31 and is then withdrawn through line 32. Part of the solid residue is fed to the pneumatic conveyor 32, which is supplied with heated combustion air from line 34 and, if desired, with additional fuel and in which the carbon contained in the residue is burnt. The resulting flue gases entrain the solids upwardly into the collecting bin 35. The flue gases leave the bin 35 in line 36 and are subjected to a coarse dust collection in the cyclone 37 and then flow in line 22 to the heat exchanger 21.
Part of the solids withdrawn from bin 31 are conducted in line 40 and together with the solids withdrawn SLY
from the cyclone 29 are supplied in line 41 to a solids cooler 42. The solids cooler 42 is known per so and described, ego in US Patent 4,318,798. Cooling air is supplied in line 43 to the solids cooler from below Jo that the solids are maintained in a fluidized state.
Residual carbon may be burnt in the cooler, which is divided into different sections for that purpose. The exhaust gas from the cooler flows in line 44 to a dust-collecting cyclone 45 and is subsequently admixed in line 46 to the flue gases in line 22. The mixed hot gases deliver part of their heat in the heat exchanger 21 and then flow in line 47 to a fine dust collector 48, e.g., an electrostatic precipitator, before the gases are discharged into the atmosphere.
The energy content of the flue gases leaving the cyclone 37 is usually so high that the vapors from the dryer, which are conducted in line 20, can be adequately heated by said flue gases alone. In that case the fluidized bed cooler 42 and the gases in line 46 may be used for other purposes. If the vapors from the dryer cannot be adequately heated by waste heat, additional heat may be supplied, e.g., by means of a fuel-fired superheater.
In the process diagrammatically shown in Figure 2, a cyclone battery is used, in which solid residue is directly contacted with the mixed vapors. In the manner which has been disclosed with reference to Figure 1, the mixed vapors from the drying zone 2 flow through the two cyclone separators 5 and pa and are forced by the blower 10 through line 11 into the cyclone battery, which consists of three cyclone heat exchangers 50, 51, 52. A partial stream is previously branched off in line 12 so that the surplus volume is withdrawn, for instance, in the manner shown in Figure 1. The mixed vapors are conducted from bottom to top through line aye, cyclone 50, line aye, :~2~3;222~
cyclone 51, line aye and cyclone 51 and at an elevated temperature leave the battery in line 3. Hot solid residue at about 600 to 900C is added from line 54 to the vapor stream in line aye and is then supplied to the cyclone 52 and separated there and from line 55 is added to the vapor stream in line aye, entrained to the cyclone 51 and separated there, and from line 56 is added to the vapor stream in line aye and in the cyclone 50 is separated from the vapor stream and is then withdrawn in a cooled state in line 57.
The solids contained in the collecting bin 35 had previously been heated to temperatures of about 600 to 900C by a combustion in the vertical pneumatic conveyor OWE Thereafter, a first partial stream used as a heat transfer medium for the distillation is branched off and supplied in line 26 to the mixer 27 and a second partial stream is branched off ill line 54.
The mixed vapors in line 3 have been heated to temperatures of at least 200C and preferably at least 300C and are supplied to the pneumatic conveyor 2 and used therein to dry oil-containing solids from line 1. The remaining parts of the process are carried out in accordance with the explanations given with reference to Figure 1.
Example In a plant like that shown in Figure 1, a disk tilled oil at a rate of 65 metric tons per hour is produced by a dry distillation of moist, fine-grained diatomite, / which contains 30 wt.% water and is supplies at a rate ; of 400 metric tons per hour. The diatomite is initially dried to a residual moisture content of 5 wt.% in a pneumatic dryer 2 with superheated steam as a drying and entraining fluid. Superheated steam at a rate of 525,000 my stop is delivered by a recuperator 21 through line 3 to the conveyor 2 and enters the latter at a temperature of I
435C. In the conveyor 2,- the superheated steam entrains the diatomite in an upward direction so that the moisture is evaporated to a residual content of 5 wt.%. Oil at a rate of 620 kg/h is evaporated at the same time and is discharged in the mixed vapors flowing through lines 4, 8 and 11. The mixed vapors in line 11 consist of 99.5 vol.
steam, 0.2 vol.% air and 0.3% oil vapors and is at a temperature of 120VC. The additional volume which is due to the evaporation, inclusive of the permanent gases, is branched from the mixed vapors in line 12 and supplied to a condenser 13, in which water at a rate of 105 metric tons per hour and oil at a rate of 550 kg/h are recovered in a liquid phase and are subsequently separated from each other.
Non-condensible gases at a rate of 850 my stop. per hour, which contain 70 kg/h oil, are deviled in an activated carbon adsorbed and are subsequently discharged into the open. Alternatively, said gases may be added, e.g., to the combustion air for the recuperator, if the latter consists of a fuel-fired heater.
. .
Claims (12)
1. A process of drying and heating oil-contain-ing solids, characterized in that the solids are directly contacted in a drying zone with superheated steam entering at a temperature of at least 200°C, dried and heated solids and mixed vapors are separately withdrawn, a hydrocarbon-containing part of the mixed vapors is removed, and the remaining mixed vapors are heated to at least 200°C and recycled to the drying zone.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the heated solids are distilled at temperatures of about 400 to 600°C in a mixture with a hot, fine-grained heat transfer medium, which has previously been heated by a combustion process, by which flue gases at a temperature of 650 to 900°C are produced, and the distillation resulsts in a gaseous and vaporous product and in a carbon-contain-ing, fine-grained solid residue.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, charac-terized in that the heating of the mixed vapors is effected entirely or in part by an indirect heat exchange with hot flue gases.
4. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the carbon-containing solid distillation residue is heated by a combustion process, the heated solid residue is cooled in direct contact with cooling air, and the heated cooling air is used to indirectly heat the mixed vapors to be recycled to the drying zone.
5. A process according to claim 4, characterized in that at least part of the heated cooling air and/or the flue gas from the distillation plant is supplied to the drying zone.
6. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that a partial stream of the mixed vapors is cooled to recover a hydrocarbon-containing condensate and hydrocarbons are separated from the condensate.
7. A process according to claim 2, 4 or 6, char-acterized in that the remaining mixed vapors are heated to at least 200°C by an indirect heat exchange with solid residue that has been heated to a temperature of about 500 to 900°C.
8. A process according to claim 2, characterized in that the mixed vapors or part thereof are directly contacted with the solid residue.
9. A process according to claim 8, characterized in that the mixed vapors or part thereof are directly con-tacted with the solid residue and hydrocarbons from the mixed vapors are adsorbed on the solid residue at tempera-tures between about 200 and 300°C.
10. A process according to claim 8, characterized in that the mixed vapors or part thereof are directly con-tacted with the solid residue and all or part of the carbon contained in the solid residue is gasified in that the solid residue is treated with steam when the solid residue is at temperatures of about 550 to 900°C.
11. A process according to claim 1, 2 or 9, characterized in that the drying zone is provided in a vertical pneumatic conveyor, a fluidized bed, a rotary kiln or a cyclone battery.
12. A process according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that toe direct contact between the mixed vapors and the solid residue is effected in a vertical conveyor, a cyclone battery, a single or multiple fluidized bed, a packed column or a rotary kiln.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833323770 DE3323770A1 (en) | 1983-07-01 | 1983-07-01 | METHOD FOR DRYING AND HEATING OIL-BASED SOLIDS |
| DEP3323770.0 | 1983-07-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1232221A true CA1232221A (en) | 1988-02-02 |
Family
ID=6202914
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000457761A Expired CA1232221A (en) | 1983-07-01 | 1984-06-28 | Process of drying and heating oil-containing solids |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4659456A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1232221A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3323770A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05508341A (en) * | 1990-03-06 | 1993-11-25 | リード・アンド・グラハム・インコーポレーテッド | Soil remediation processes and systems |
| JP3517170B2 (en) * | 1999-11-29 | 2004-04-05 | 三友工学株式会社 | Oil separation apparatus and method for oil-containing substances |
| WO2004011573A1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-05 | E & E Advanced Technology Inc. | Method for separating oil from substance containing oil and equipment for use therein |
| DE10253678A1 (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-05-27 | Otto Dipl.-Ing. Heinemann | Process for the recovery of hydrocarbons from mineral-containing starting materials, comprises preheating the starting material followed by further heating by addition of treated starting material with liberation of hydrocarbons |
| WO2005116166A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-08 | Francois Jacques Labuschagne | Separating wax from siliceous materials |
| US10030199B2 (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2018-07-24 | Bixby Energy Systems, Inc. | Pyrolisis apparatus |
| DE102012103881A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2013-11-07 | Thyssenkrupp Resource Technologies Gmbh | Recovery of hydrocarbon from oil shale involves drying oil shale with superheated steam under specified conditions, continuously heating oil shale to evaporate organic material contained in totally or partly and/or pyrolyzed material |
| DE102012105427B3 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-07-18 | Thyssenkrupp Polysius Ag | Process and installation for processing a moist, kerogen-containing material stream |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2623815A (en) * | 1945-11-23 | 1952-12-30 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous fuel |
| US2785115A (en) * | 1955-04-04 | 1957-03-12 | Smidth & Co As F L | Rotary kiln with integral cooler |
| US3265608A (en) * | 1962-02-02 | 1966-08-09 | Technikoil Inc | Method for pyrolyzing solid carbonaceous materials |
| US3520795A (en) * | 1966-12-29 | 1970-07-14 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Retorting of oil shale |
| DE1809874B2 (en) * | 1968-11-20 | 1974-10-31 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Device for the dry distillation of bituminous or oil-containing, fine-grained materials for the purpose of obtaining liquid hydrocarbons |
| US3617468A (en) * | 1968-12-06 | 1971-11-02 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Process for removing the hydrocarbon content of carbonaceous materials |
| DE1909263C3 (en) * | 1969-02-25 | 1974-04-25 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Method and device for the smoldering of fine-grained bituminous substances that form a powdery smoldering residue |
| DE2256385B2 (en) * | 1972-11-17 | 1981-04-16 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the continuous heating of fine-grained solids |
| US3925190A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1975-12-09 | Oil Shale Corp | Preheating oil shale prior to pyrolysis thereof |
| US4210492A (en) * | 1977-03-14 | 1980-07-01 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the pyrolysis of coal in dilute- and dense-phase fluidized beds |
| US4226699A (en) * | 1978-07-17 | 1980-10-07 | Tosco Corporation | Method and apparatus for conservation of heat from sludge produced by a retort |
| DE2937065C2 (en) * | 1979-09-13 | 1983-12-29 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for treating smoldering residue from the dry distillation of oil shale or the like. |
| US4332669A (en) * | 1980-05-27 | 1982-06-01 | Chevron Research Company | Oil shale retorting process with raw shale preheat prior to pyrolysis |
| DE3023670C2 (en) * | 1980-06-25 | 1982-12-23 | Veba Oel Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH, 4660 Gelsenkirchen-Buer | Method and device for smoldering oil shale |
| US4396490A (en) * | 1980-11-19 | 1983-08-02 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Oil shale retorting method and apparatus |
| US4384947A (en) * | 1981-08-10 | 1983-05-24 | Tosco Corporation | Preheating of oil shale prior to pyrolysis |
-
1983
- 1983-07-01 DE DE19833323770 patent/DE3323770A1/en active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-06-28 CA CA000457761A patent/CA1232221A/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-09-26 US US06/781,304 patent/US4659456A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3323770A1 (en) | 1985-01-03 |
| DE3323770C2 (en) | 1992-04-30 |
| US4659456A (en) | 1987-04-21 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |