CA1229828A - Apparatus and method for filling a compressed gas bottle with a predetermined mass of compressed carbon dioxide - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for filling a compressed gas bottle with a predetermined mass of compressed carbon dioxideInfo
- Publication number
- CA1229828A CA1229828A CA000438061A CA438061A CA1229828A CA 1229828 A CA1229828 A CA 1229828A CA 000438061 A CA000438061 A CA 000438061A CA 438061 A CA438061 A CA 438061A CA 1229828 A CA1229828 A CA 1229828A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- bottle
- compressed carbon
- mass
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/023—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the mass as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0421—Mass or weight of the content of the vessel
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Apparatus for filling compressed gas bottles with a precise predetermined mass of highly compressed carbon dioxide which may be in a gaseous or compressible liquid state, has a continually energized pump for the carbon dioxide, a regardless flow meter precisely measuring the mass flow per unit of time regardless of density or other factors and which generates a signal indicative of a quantity of mass flow of the carbon dioxide, a normally closed fill valve, a normally open vent valve between the fill valve and a bottle connector, and a controller which counts and quantifies an accumulative additive count from the mass flow meter, the controller closes the fill valve and opens the vent valve upon reaching a predetermined count which is directly correlatible to a precise mass of carbon dioxide.
A method of filling bottles with a precise and predetermined mass of compressed carbon dioxide includes the steps of propelling highly compressed carbon dioxide into the bottle, measuring the mass flow per unit of time, generating signals indicative of the quantity of mass flow per unit of time, accumulating the signals and terminating fill upon reaching a predetermined number of signals: when filling is terminated, venting of compressed carbon dioxide is done before the bottle is disconnected from the filler.
Apparatus for filling compressed gas bottles with a precise predetermined mass of highly compressed carbon dioxide which may be in a gaseous or compressible liquid state, has a continually energized pump for the carbon dioxide, a regardless flow meter precisely measuring the mass flow per unit of time regardless of density or other factors and which generates a signal indicative of a quantity of mass flow of the carbon dioxide, a normally closed fill valve, a normally open vent valve between the fill valve and a bottle connector, and a controller which counts and quantifies an accumulative additive count from the mass flow meter, the controller closes the fill valve and opens the vent valve upon reaching a predetermined count which is directly correlatible to a precise mass of carbon dioxide.
A method of filling bottles with a precise and predetermined mass of compressed carbon dioxide includes the steps of propelling highly compressed carbon dioxide into the bottle, measuring the mass flow per unit of time, generating signals indicative of the quantity of mass flow per unit of time, accumulating the signals and terminating fill upon reaching a predetermined number of signals: when filling is terminated, venting of compressed carbon dioxide is done before the bottle is disconnected from the filler.
Description
~g~
BACKGRCUNI~ OF THE INVENTICW
FI~:~.D OF THE INVENTION
Thi3 inven~ion pertainq to an apparatu~ and a method for pr~ci~ely filling compre~ed ga~ bottles wi~h a preci3e quantity of eompres~ed carbon dioxld~ determined on the ba~is o~ maB
THE PRIOR ART
The filliny of compres~ed gas bottle~ i~ a ~ommon practice.
A bottle, or a cylinder a3 they are o~ten re~erred to, cannot legally contaln more C02 than 68~ by weight of its ~ater cap~city. For example, i~ a bottle will hold 100 pcund~ of ~ater when filled, it should not have ~e than 68 ~ound~ of GC2. I~ a bottle i~ overfilled, exce~ive pre~s~re3 may develop and burst a rupture disc, dependin~ on a~ount of o~r~ill and temperature. The only known and u~ed ~afety devicR
~orcompres~edgas bot~le~ are rupt~re discs. Only one rup~ure di~c o~ the proper type, ~aterial and manufacturer 3hould ~ us~d or~ any one bottle. One o~` the problems previou~1y seen is that pecple in~tall two or more ruptu~e discs, the wrong disc, or back-up the rupture disc with a coin or ~lug and the r~pture disc become3 inocerative.
In many lnstance~ like thi~l a bottle ha3 exploded ~ith ~0~9 o property, llmb, and even life. The ~ottie~ ~ravel in commerce and for the mo~t p3rt 1~ i9 impo3~ible to ea~ily a~certain i~ a rupture di~c ha~ be~n rendered inop~rative by other partie~. Cylinder filllng is criti~
incorrect filling ~ay caus~ haz~rds, a~d s~fety eannot ~e oYerempha~ize~.
C02 .is mea3ured by weight. ~02 can be fill~d by gravity or from extrb~ely high pressure dry ice converter~, Mo9t C02 ~illir.g 1~ done with pump~. C02 fllling pump~ are made by Liq~id C~bonic Divi~ion o~ General DynamlC~ and by Walt~r Kidde co~pany. Use of a ~uitable C02 filling p~np offer~ th~ ~ost convenient ~nd mo~t efficiant method of filling bottles and blow down a~d/or cooling p~rge~ of hottl~s i3 not nece~sary to obtain a full fill.
`~`1 ' ~
_ I _ ~;~;29~28 Re~ardless of the known ~illing method~ 3elected and reg~rdle~
of the apparatus employed, a ~cale, ~uch aA ~ reccmmended bea~ ~cale meetin~ regul~tory accu~dCy requirement~, mu~t be u~ed to d~te~nine when a bottle iR properly filled. ~hi~ i~ done by voiding the bottle ~nd deterrnining its empty or tare welght. To the tare wei~ht i~ added it~ C02 capacity in po~nds, and then th~ bottle i~ filled to such gros~ weight. There are many problems including ~ignificant variance in bottle weight and lack of an automatic 3hut-off. ~o one has devised a weighing device which i~ ~f~icien~ly accurate to be t~usted durinq illin~, the bottle must again be weighed after filling. Mistake~
are co~monplace and over and ~nder fill a ~requent occurrence; rni~takes and oversights can produce explo~ive result~.
C02 is a very difficult compres~ed ga3 ~0 ~ill and to mea~ure.
At -69.9QF, C02 e~i3ts as a solid and a v~por: at 69.9F, C02 ~xlstg aq a ~olid, liquid or vap~. between -6~F and +~8F, C02 exist~ a~
a vapor and a liquid, above 88 F, all C02 exi~t~ ~ a va~or. Compressed gas bottle~ are u3ually filled ~ith compres3ed C02 in its liql~id form.
Llquid C02 is hlghly compressible at temperature~ approaching nor~al ambient tempe~atures and th~ quantity of C02 cannot be acc~rately dete~nined on a volumetric ba3i3. For ex~mple, at 88 ~ and 1050 PSI, ~h~ ~pecl~ic gravity of C02 i3 about 0.59, whereas at 1400 PS~ the ~pecific gravity i~ about 0.77. A~ a ~urther exa~ple, at 774F and 1000 PSI, the ~pecific ~ravity is 0.74 and at 1400 PSI the 3p~cific gravlty i~ 0~84. At 32~ and 1400 PSI ~he ~pecsific gravlty i3 0.9~.
'rhere is a trend toward s~aller bottla~, speclfically S
pound and 2 1/2 pound bottlec. It ~ecom~s e~t~emely di~fi~ult to fill the3e bottles based upon welght because the bottles v~ry 3ignif~cantly in their metal cont~nt and the tot~l weight 19 quite small ond these ~mall bottle~ are almo~ lmpos~i~le to ~eigh during ~ ing becau~e thc hos~ conn~ctlons are an influence of erratiç ~u~ntity. There i~ no appa~atuq or ~ethod l~nabling a ~etailer to fill these ~mall bottle~ eEiciently and ~afely.
~Z25~
OBJEC'rS OF ~ INVE~'~ION
It i~ an obje~t of the present lnvention to pro~ide an improved apparatu~ and method for filling bottle~ ~ith highly compfessed carbon dloxide, ba~ed upon ~he ~a~s of the compressed carbon dioxide.
It i~ an objeç~ of the pre~ent invention to provide an impeoved apparatus ~nd meth~d for filling bottles with a predetermined mass o colnpre~sed carbon dioxide in a compre~3ible liquid or ga3eou~ stat~.
It i~ an object of the pre~ent invention to provide ~n improved ~pparat~s and method for filllng bottle~ with a predetermined ma~s o carbon dioxide in either ga~eous and/or compressibl~ liquid 6t~te.
App~rat~s for filling compre~sed ga~ bottle~ with a predetermlned ma3s of compressed carbon dioxide, has an inlet for connection to a 30~rce of compr~ssed ~a~, ~ pump for co~pre~ed car'~c,n dioxide, a m~ss flow met r connected to the pump and having a ~ignal generator whlch will produce ~ signal ~or unit~ of ma~ of compre33ed e~rbon dioxide flow, a nor~ally clo~ed fill valv~, an outlet connector for connecting to a compress4d ga~ bottle, means for opening the fill valve, and me~n3 for quantifying the ~ccum~lative additive count from the ma~s L-low meter and terminating filling of the bottle ~pon reaching a predetermined ~ount.
A method o~ filling compre~sed gas bottle~ ~ith ~ predetermlned ma~3 of compres,~ed car~on dioxide includes the ~tey3 o~ propelling compres~ed carbon dioxide illtO th~ bottle, measuring the m~ flow o~ the compre3~ed carbon dioxide, gener~ti~g a 3ignal proportionate to the amount of mac~ per unit~ o-~ time, accumulatlng the sign~ls, and terminating flow upon accurn-llatior of a ~redetermined nurnber of slgllals~
~r~
~J' ~Z2~
3RI~F DBscRIpTIo~ 0~ THE DRP.WINGS
FIG. 1 i~ a 3chematic diagr~m of the apparatus o~ th~ pre~err~d el~bodlment of thi~ invention; and ~ IG. 2 is a detail view of ~truct~re for connecting the appar~tu~ according ~o FIG. 1 to a compressed gas bo~le.
AS SHOWN ON T~E DRAWI~G5 ., . ., _ The principles of the present invention Are par~icularly u~eful when embodied in the appa~atus, generally indi~ated by the numeral 10 in FIG. 1, for precisely filling comp~es~ed gas bottles with a pred~termined mas~ of compressed carbon dioxide in either or both of ga~eous or compre~sible liquld 5tates.
The apparatus 10 has a compre~sed gas fluid line lS hav~ng a fluid inlet 11 ~or belng connected to a bulk sourc~ 12 o co~pres~ed 9~8.
.~L~d~
The source 12 may be a large cylinder or a bulk tank; the expected compressed gas is highly compressed carbon dioxide substantially in a liquid state at a pressure of 1500 PSI more or less. Downstream of the fluld lnlet ll is a check valve 13 for preventing loss of compresaed ga~ when the fluid inlet ll is disconnected and a change is made in the source 12. Further downstream of the fluid inlet ll is a relief valve 14 which will open when pressure in the compressed gas line 15 exceeds 1500 PSI. A high prassure pump 16 is fluidly co~nected to draw compressed gas from the source 12 and to propel the compressed gas through a mass flow meter, generally ind-Lcated by the numeral 17, to a bottle connector 18. The pump 16 is of a known type and may be either electrical or pnet~tic powered. A pneu-matic power line 19 supplies compressed propellant to the pump 16. Down-stream of the pump 16 is a second relief valve 20 which will open if pressure downstream of ~he ptLmp 16 exceeds lS00 PSI. Downstream of the , .
ma53 flow meter 17 is a normally closed solenoid powered valve 21 herein-after referred to as the fill ~alve 21. Between the fill valve 2L and the bottle connector 18 is a solenoid powered normally open vent valve 22 fluidly connected to the line 15 by a very small diameter refrigerant c~p-illary ttlbe 23. The bottle connector 18 has a seal 24 and is adapted to sealingly receive the neck o~ a compressed gas bottle 26. Wlthi~ the bottle neck 25 is a olte-way valve 27, commonly referred to as a Schrader ~alve o~
the same type as used in tubes and tires~ The volu~e of the line 15 down-stream of t.he fill valve 21 is intentionally minimized by the usRge of the capilla~y tube 23 which effectively minimizes the 1083 of gas during ventin~
by opening of the vè~t valve 22 prior to disconnection o~ a bottle 26 front the bottle connector l8.
The mass flow meter 17 i9 connected to a signal counting con-troller 28 which ls operatlvely connected to the fill valve 21 and vent valve 22; the valves 21, 22 are connected in parallel to the c~troller 28.
The mass flow meter 17 has a U-shaped torque tube 30 which i9 a part of the ~luid line 15 and which i3 ~ide open a~d devoid of obstructLolls to fluid flow. The tube 30 i5 continually vibrated by an electro~1gnet 31.
When there is movement of a mass through the ttlbe 30, the moYing mass exerts a torque upon the tube 30 and sensors 3~ detect and measure the tor~ional twis~ of the tube 30. The sensors 32 ~ay be either magnetîc ~,,~
~2~
or electro-optical and are connected to the controller 24. Whenever the tube 30 twists, the sensors 32 detect the twist and send a signal to the counter ?4 that is directly proportional to ~he mags th~t la flowing through the tube 30 during the period of time of measurement. The tube 30 is excited at a suitable frequency anywhere be~Jeen 0-15,000 ~z. The increment of time Eor a measurement of a unit of mass, and the quantity of a unit of mass c~n both be very s~all. The preferred mass flow meter is made by ~icro Motion, Boulder, Colorado, is referred to as a Model C and is repre-sented as being the subject of UOSO Patents 4,109,523; 4,109,524 and 7,721.
The controller 24 is a multi-decade electronic predetermining counter. An upper window has a multi-digit L~D read-out window 35 and the controller 24 can be adjusted or programmed by thumbwheel switches 36 to enter a predetermined accumulated additive count required by the con-troller 24 for an output signal by the controller 24. A reset switch 37 is provided to return the controller 24 to zero after a fill cycle and a start switch 38 will initiate a fill cycle. The preferred controller 24 i5 a M~del 7907 by Veeder-Root, Digital Systems Division, o~ Hartford, Connecticut. The controller 24 is continually energized as ls the mass ilow meter exciter magnet 31. If the pump 16 ls electr~cal, the p~mp 16 ls also continually energized.
In the mathod of the pre~ent inven~ion and in operation of the apparatus 10, the inlet 11 is connected to a supply o~ compre~sed gas;
the speciflc intended gas is carbon dioxide. The pump 16 begins to propel compressed gas through the lina 15 and fills the line 15 to the flll valve 21. The compressed gas i~ highly compre3sed and is ~u~?stantially in a llquid atate in the source 12 and throughout the line 15. The check valve 13 prevents backflow or emptying of the line 15 during char~ging of supplies 12, and minimlzeLl the loss of compressed gas. If pressure withln the line 15 goes above 1500 PSI, elther or both of relief valves 14, 20 will open and relie~e down to 1500 PSI. When the line 15 is ~illed, the pump 16 stops due to back pressure and/or hydrostatic lock even though the propellant line 19 is kept pressurized and th~ pump 16 iY continually energized and ready to go, $
A gas bottle 26 is prepared for filling by first being placed upside down in a cage. The valve 27 is opened and th~ bottle 26 is com-pletely voidedO The bottle is then weighed on a G0 - N0 G0 scale to be certain there is no water, rer~inlng gas or ~oreign material in the bottle.
The gas bottle 26 is then placed in the apparatus 10 and the bGttle neck 25 is held in the bottle connector 18 and against the seal 18. The reset 37 is used to reset the controller 28 and the LED window 35 to zero or an appropriate basP. The switches 36 have been previously adjusted to pre-program the controller 2~ for terminating fill upon receipt of a predeter-mined quantity of 3ignals from the mass flow control 17.
The operator o~ the apparatus 10 actuates the start button 38 and the controller 28 effects simultaneous opening o~ the flll valve 21 and closing of the vent valve 22. Highly compressed gas, speciically highly compressed carbon dioxide gas which is substant~ally in a liquid state, i~ propelled by the pressure of the source 12 and the pump 16 through the fill valvc 21 and through the bottle valve 27 and into the bottle 26.
Any and all flow of the highly compres3ed gas through the r~s flow meter 17 effects a torque upon the U-shaped tube 30 and the rnass 1OW meter measure~ this flo~ on the bQ~is of mass. The tub~ i9 con-tinually vibrated at 0-15,000 ~Iz, but the vibration is linear ln the absence oE flow. During flow, the tube 30 ~ists and the sensors 32 detect the twi3t uhich L~ proportlonal only and directly to the mas~ flow throu~h the tube 30, the twist ignores the constraints of pressure~ tern-perature, dens-Lty, compressibility o liquid ca~bon dlo~lde, velocity and li~uid or vapor ~tate. The tube twists directly proporcional to the rnQs~ ~low. The sensors send a signal during each twiRt of the tube 30 that i~ proportionate to and which indicate~ how many units of l~t~8 flowed through the tube 30 ~uring the time pe~iod of the tw13t.
The controller 28l which is ~Iso a counter~ accu~ulates the sign~ls and wilen a predetermined ndditiva counC n~tch~s the pre3et number count previously entered Witll the thun~heal swltches 3b, Cha controller 28 Eire~ an output thet w~ tern~nate fkJw by simult~lneously closin~ the fill valvQ 21 and openin~ the vent valv~ 22. The pun1p 15 rem~ins energi~ed and ~ 7 ceases to operate because o~ hydrostatic back pressure. The second rellef valve 20 protects tha~ part of the line do~mstream of the pump 16. ~te exciter 31 remains energi~ed and the tube 30 keeps vibrating ~te LED
window 35 will indicate how many units of highly compressed gas have passed through the mass flow meter 17. The accurqcy of the measurement is ~1/2% based upon mass. ~hen flow is terminated, the bottle valva 27 will automatically close.
Opening of the vent valve 22 vents to atmosphere the compressed gas between the fill valve 21 and the bottle 26 prior to the bottle 26 being disconnected from the bottle connector 18. This venting prevents compressed gas from blowing out on an operator of the apparatus 10 when the bottle 26 is disronnected. During the venting, the flow of compres~ed gas is restricted by small tube 23. The small tube 23~ which is preferably a capillary tube, also reduces the volume of the line 15 in between the fill valve 21 and the bottle 26. The restrirting of the vented flow also eliminates the loud noise of sudden release of the compressed gas~
The improved apparatus and method of this invention enable accurate and safe illing of relatively small compressed gas bottles wlth liquid carbon dioxide. A specific small botkle is a 2 1/2 pound capaeity aluminum bottle by Luxer. This invention will enable retailers, such a~ large grocery stores, to reill carbon dioxide bottles for domestic sot dri~c, wine and beer systems.
Although various minor modlfications may be sugge3ted by others versed or experlenced in the art~ it should be understood that I wish to embody within the scope o the patent warranted hereon, all such embodi-ments as reasonably and properly come wlthin the scope of my contrlbution to the art.
'~ ~
BACKGRCUNI~ OF THE INVENTICW
FI~:~.D OF THE INVENTION
Thi3 inven~ion pertainq to an apparatu~ and a method for pr~ci~ely filling compre~ed ga~ bottles wi~h a preci3e quantity of eompres~ed carbon dioxld~ determined on the ba~is o~ maB
THE PRIOR ART
The filliny of compres~ed gas bottle~ i~ a ~ommon practice.
A bottle, or a cylinder a3 they are o~ten re~erred to, cannot legally contaln more C02 than 68~ by weight of its ~ater cap~city. For example, i~ a bottle will hold 100 pcund~ of ~ater when filled, it should not have ~e than 68 ~ound~ of GC2. I~ a bottle i~ overfilled, exce~ive pre~s~re3 may develop and burst a rupture disc, dependin~ on a~ount of o~r~ill and temperature. The only known and u~ed ~afety devicR
~orcompres~edgas bot~le~ are rupt~re discs. Only one rup~ure di~c o~ the proper type, ~aterial and manufacturer 3hould ~ us~d or~ any one bottle. One o~` the problems previou~1y seen is that pecple in~tall two or more ruptu~e discs, the wrong disc, or back-up the rupture disc with a coin or ~lug and the r~pture disc become3 inocerative.
In many lnstance~ like thi~l a bottle ha3 exploded ~ith ~0~9 o property, llmb, and even life. The ~ottie~ ~ravel in commerce and for the mo~t p3rt 1~ i9 impo3~ible to ea~ily a~certain i~ a rupture di~c ha~ be~n rendered inop~rative by other partie~. Cylinder filllng is criti~
incorrect filling ~ay caus~ haz~rds, a~d s~fety eannot ~e oYerempha~ize~.
C02 .is mea3ured by weight. ~02 can be fill~d by gravity or from extrb~ely high pressure dry ice converter~, Mo9t C02 ~illir.g 1~ done with pump~. C02 fllling pump~ are made by Liq~id C~bonic Divi~ion o~ General DynamlC~ and by Walt~r Kidde co~pany. Use of a ~uitable C02 filling p~np offer~ th~ ~ost convenient ~nd mo~t efficiant method of filling bottles and blow down a~d/or cooling p~rge~ of hottl~s i3 not nece~sary to obtain a full fill.
`~`1 ' ~
_ I _ ~;~;29~28 Re~ardless of the known ~illing method~ 3elected and reg~rdle~
of the apparatus employed, a ~cale, ~uch aA ~ reccmmended bea~ ~cale meetin~ regul~tory accu~dCy requirement~, mu~t be u~ed to d~te~nine when a bottle iR properly filled. ~hi~ i~ done by voiding the bottle ~nd deterrnining its empty or tare welght. To the tare wei~ht i~ added it~ C02 capacity in po~nds, and then th~ bottle i~ filled to such gros~ weight. There are many problems including ~ignificant variance in bottle weight and lack of an automatic 3hut-off. ~o one has devised a weighing device which i~ ~f~icien~ly accurate to be t~usted durinq illin~, the bottle must again be weighed after filling. Mistake~
are co~monplace and over and ~nder fill a ~requent occurrence; rni~takes and oversights can produce explo~ive result~.
C02 is a very difficult compres~ed ga3 ~0 ~ill and to mea~ure.
At -69.9QF, C02 e~i3ts as a solid and a v~por: at 69.9F, C02 ~xlstg aq a ~olid, liquid or vap~. between -6~F and +~8F, C02 exist~ a~
a vapor and a liquid, above 88 F, all C02 exi~t~ ~ a va~or. Compressed gas bottle~ are u3ually filled ~ith compres3ed C02 in its liql~id form.
Llquid C02 is hlghly compressible at temperature~ approaching nor~al ambient tempe~atures and th~ quantity of C02 cannot be acc~rately dete~nined on a volumetric ba3i3. For ex~mple, at 88 ~ and 1050 PSI, ~h~ ~pecl~ic gravity of C02 i3 about 0.59, whereas at 1400 PS~ the ~pecific gravity i~ about 0.77. A~ a ~urther exa~ple, at 774F and 1000 PSI, the ~pecific ~ravity is 0.74 and at 1400 PSI the 3p~cific gravlty i~ 0~84. At 32~ and 1400 PSI ~he ~pecsific gravlty i3 0.9~.
'rhere is a trend toward s~aller bottla~, speclfically S
pound and 2 1/2 pound bottlec. It ~ecom~s e~t~emely di~fi~ult to fill the3e bottles based upon welght because the bottles v~ry 3ignif~cantly in their metal cont~nt and the tot~l weight 19 quite small ond these ~mall bottle~ are almo~ lmpos~i~le to ~eigh during ~ ing becau~e thc hos~ conn~ctlons are an influence of erratiç ~u~ntity. There i~ no appa~atuq or ~ethod l~nabling a ~etailer to fill these ~mall bottle~ eEiciently and ~afely.
~Z25~
OBJEC'rS OF ~ INVE~'~ION
It i~ an obje~t of the present lnvention to pro~ide an improved apparatu~ and method for filling bottle~ ~ith highly compfessed carbon dloxide, ba~ed upon ~he ~a~s of the compressed carbon dioxide.
It i~ an objeç~ of the pre~ent invention to provide an impeoved apparatus ~nd meth~d for filling bottles with a predetermined mass o colnpre~sed carbon dioxide in a compre~3ible liquid or ga3eou~ stat~.
It i~ an object of the pre~ent invention to provide ~n improved ~pparat~s and method for filllng bottle~ with a predetermined ma~s o carbon dioxide in either ga~eous and/or compressibl~ liquid 6t~te.
App~rat~s for filling compre~sed ga~ bottle~ with a predetermlned ma3s of compressed carbon dioxide, has an inlet for connection to a 30~rce of compr~ssed ~a~, ~ pump for co~pre~ed car'~c,n dioxide, a m~ss flow met r connected to the pump and having a ~ignal generator whlch will produce ~ signal ~or unit~ of ma~ of compre33ed e~rbon dioxide flow, a nor~ally clo~ed fill valv~, an outlet connector for connecting to a compress4d ga~ bottle, means for opening the fill valve, and me~n3 for quantifying the ~ccum~lative additive count from the ma~s L-low meter and terminating filling of the bottle ~pon reaching a predetermined ~ount.
A method o~ filling compre~sed gas bottle~ ~ith ~ predetermlned ma~3 of compres,~ed car~on dioxide includes the ~tey3 o~ propelling compres~ed carbon dioxide illtO th~ bottle, measuring the m~ flow o~ the compre3~ed carbon dioxide, gener~ti~g a 3ignal proportionate to the amount of mac~ per unit~ o-~ time, accumulatlng the sign~ls, and terminating flow upon accurn-llatior of a ~redetermined nurnber of slgllals~
~r~
~J' ~Z2~
3RI~F DBscRIpTIo~ 0~ THE DRP.WINGS
FIG. 1 i~ a 3chematic diagr~m of the apparatus o~ th~ pre~err~d el~bodlment of thi~ invention; and ~ IG. 2 is a detail view of ~truct~re for connecting the appar~tu~ according ~o FIG. 1 to a compressed gas bo~le.
AS SHOWN ON T~E DRAWI~G5 ., . ., _ The principles of the present invention Are par~icularly u~eful when embodied in the appa~atus, generally indi~ated by the numeral 10 in FIG. 1, for precisely filling comp~es~ed gas bottles with a pred~termined mas~ of compressed carbon dioxide in either or both of ga~eous or compre~sible liquld 5tates.
The apparatus 10 has a compre~sed gas fluid line lS hav~ng a fluid inlet 11 ~or belng connected to a bulk sourc~ 12 o co~pres~ed 9~8.
.~L~d~
The source 12 may be a large cylinder or a bulk tank; the expected compressed gas is highly compressed carbon dioxide substantially in a liquid state at a pressure of 1500 PSI more or less. Downstream of the fluld lnlet ll is a check valve 13 for preventing loss of compresaed ga~ when the fluid inlet ll is disconnected and a change is made in the source 12. Further downstream of the fluid inlet ll is a relief valve 14 which will open when pressure in the compressed gas line 15 exceeds 1500 PSI. A high prassure pump 16 is fluidly co~nected to draw compressed gas from the source 12 and to propel the compressed gas through a mass flow meter, generally ind-Lcated by the numeral 17, to a bottle connector 18. The pump 16 is of a known type and may be either electrical or pnet~tic powered. A pneu-matic power line 19 supplies compressed propellant to the pump 16. Down-stream of the pump 16 is a second relief valve 20 which will open if pressure downstream of ~he ptLmp 16 exceeds lS00 PSI. Downstream of the , .
ma53 flow meter 17 is a normally closed solenoid powered valve 21 herein-after referred to as the fill ~alve 21. Between the fill valve 2L and the bottle connector 18 is a solenoid powered normally open vent valve 22 fluidly connected to the line 15 by a very small diameter refrigerant c~p-illary ttlbe 23. The bottle connector 18 has a seal 24 and is adapted to sealingly receive the neck o~ a compressed gas bottle 26. Wlthi~ the bottle neck 25 is a olte-way valve 27, commonly referred to as a Schrader ~alve o~
the same type as used in tubes and tires~ The volu~e of the line 15 down-stream of t.he fill valve 21 is intentionally minimized by the usRge of the capilla~y tube 23 which effectively minimizes the 1083 of gas during ventin~
by opening of the vè~t valve 22 prior to disconnection o~ a bottle 26 front the bottle connector l8.
The mass flow meter 17 i9 connected to a signal counting con-troller 28 which ls operatlvely connected to the fill valve 21 and vent valve 22; the valves 21, 22 are connected in parallel to the c~troller 28.
The mass flow meter 17 has a U-shaped torque tube 30 which i9 a part of the ~luid line 15 and which i3 ~ide open a~d devoid of obstructLolls to fluid flow. The tube 30 i5 continually vibrated by an electro~1gnet 31.
When there is movement of a mass through the ttlbe 30, the moYing mass exerts a torque upon the tube 30 and sensors 3~ detect and measure the tor~ional twis~ of the tube 30. The sensors 32 ~ay be either magnetîc ~,,~
~2~
or electro-optical and are connected to the controller 24. Whenever the tube 30 twists, the sensors 32 detect the twist and send a signal to the counter ?4 that is directly proportional to ~he mags th~t la flowing through the tube 30 during the period of time of measurement. The tube 30 is excited at a suitable frequency anywhere be~Jeen 0-15,000 ~z. The increment of time Eor a measurement of a unit of mass, and the quantity of a unit of mass c~n both be very s~all. The preferred mass flow meter is made by ~icro Motion, Boulder, Colorado, is referred to as a Model C and is repre-sented as being the subject of UOSO Patents 4,109,523; 4,109,524 and 7,721.
The controller 24 is a multi-decade electronic predetermining counter. An upper window has a multi-digit L~D read-out window 35 and the controller 24 can be adjusted or programmed by thumbwheel switches 36 to enter a predetermined accumulated additive count required by the con-troller 24 for an output signal by the controller 24. A reset switch 37 is provided to return the controller 24 to zero after a fill cycle and a start switch 38 will initiate a fill cycle. The preferred controller 24 i5 a M~del 7907 by Veeder-Root, Digital Systems Division, o~ Hartford, Connecticut. The controller 24 is continually energized as ls the mass ilow meter exciter magnet 31. If the pump 16 ls electr~cal, the p~mp 16 ls also continually energized.
In the mathod of the pre~ent inven~ion and in operation of the apparatus 10, the inlet 11 is connected to a supply o~ compre~sed gas;
the speciflc intended gas is carbon dioxide. The pump 16 begins to propel compressed gas through the lina 15 and fills the line 15 to the flll valve 21. The compressed gas i~ highly compre3sed and is ~u~?stantially in a llquid atate in the source 12 and throughout the line 15. The check valve 13 prevents backflow or emptying of the line 15 during char~ging of supplies 12, and minimlzeLl the loss of compressed gas. If pressure withln the line 15 goes above 1500 PSI, elther or both of relief valves 14, 20 will open and relie~e down to 1500 PSI. When the line 15 is ~illed, the pump 16 stops due to back pressure and/or hydrostatic lock even though the propellant line 19 is kept pressurized and th~ pump 16 iY continually energized and ready to go, $
A gas bottle 26 is prepared for filling by first being placed upside down in a cage. The valve 27 is opened and th~ bottle 26 is com-pletely voidedO The bottle is then weighed on a G0 - N0 G0 scale to be certain there is no water, rer~inlng gas or ~oreign material in the bottle.
The gas bottle 26 is then placed in the apparatus 10 and the bGttle neck 25 is held in the bottle connector 18 and against the seal 18. The reset 37 is used to reset the controller 28 and the LED window 35 to zero or an appropriate basP. The switches 36 have been previously adjusted to pre-program the controller 2~ for terminating fill upon receipt of a predeter-mined quantity of 3ignals from the mass flow control 17.
The operator o~ the apparatus 10 actuates the start button 38 and the controller 28 effects simultaneous opening o~ the flll valve 21 and closing of the vent valve 22. Highly compressed gas, speciically highly compressed carbon dioxide gas which is substant~ally in a liquid state, i~ propelled by the pressure of the source 12 and the pump 16 through the fill valvc 21 and through the bottle valve 27 and into the bottle 26.
Any and all flow of the highly compres3ed gas through the r~s flow meter 17 effects a torque upon the U-shaped tube 30 and the rnass 1OW meter measure~ this flo~ on the bQ~is of mass. The tub~ i9 con-tinually vibrated at 0-15,000 ~Iz, but the vibration is linear ln the absence oE flow. During flow, the tube 30 ~ists and the sensors 32 detect the twi3t uhich L~ proportlonal only and directly to the mas~ flow throu~h the tube 30, the twist ignores the constraints of pressure~ tern-perature, dens-Lty, compressibility o liquid ca~bon dlo~lde, velocity and li~uid or vapor ~tate. The tube twists directly proporcional to the rnQs~ ~low. The sensors send a signal during each twiRt of the tube 30 that i~ proportionate to and which indicate~ how many units of l~t~8 flowed through the tube 30 ~uring the time pe~iod of the tw13t.
The controller 28l which is ~Iso a counter~ accu~ulates the sign~ls and wilen a predetermined ndditiva counC n~tch~s the pre3et number count previously entered Witll the thun~heal swltches 3b, Cha controller 28 Eire~ an output thet w~ tern~nate fkJw by simult~lneously closin~ the fill valvQ 21 and openin~ the vent valv~ 22. The pun1p 15 rem~ins energi~ed and ~ 7 ceases to operate because o~ hydrostatic back pressure. The second rellef valve 20 protects tha~ part of the line do~mstream of the pump 16. ~te exciter 31 remains energi~ed and the tube 30 keeps vibrating ~te LED
window 35 will indicate how many units of highly compressed gas have passed through the mass flow meter 17. The accurqcy of the measurement is ~1/2% based upon mass. ~hen flow is terminated, the bottle valva 27 will automatically close.
Opening of the vent valve 22 vents to atmosphere the compressed gas between the fill valve 21 and the bottle 26 prior to the bottle 26 being disconnected from the bottle connector 18. This venting prevents compressed gas from blowing out on an operator of the apparatus 10 when the bottle 26 is disronnected. During the venting, the flow of compres~ed gas is restricted by small tube 23. The small tube 23~ which is preferably a capillary tube, also reduces the volume of the line 15 in between the fill valve 21 and the bottle 26. The restrirting of the vented flow also eliminates the loud noise of sudden release of the compressed gas~
The improved apparatus and method of this invention enable accurate and safe illing of relatively small compressed gas bottles wlth liquid carbon dioxide. A specific small botkle is a 2 1/2 pound capaeity aluminum bottle by Luxer. This invention will enable retailers, such a~ large grocery stores, to reill carbon dioxide bottles for domestic sot dri~c, wine and beer systems.
Although various minor modlfications may be sugge3ted by others versed or experlenced in the art~ it should be understood that I wish to embody within the scope o the patent warranted hereon, all such embodi-ments as reasonably and properly come wlthin the scope of my contrlbution to the art.
'~ ~
Claims (21)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus for filling compressed gas bottles with a predetermined mass of highly compressed carbon dioxide in gaseous and/or compressible liquid form, comprising:
a) an inlet for being fluidly connected to a bulk source of compressed carbon dioxide;
b) a pump for compressed carbon dioxide, said pump being fluidly connected to said inlet;
c) a mass flow meter fluidly connected to an outlet of said pump, said flow meter having means for producing a signal for a unit of mass of highly compressed carbon dioxide which has passed through said flow meter;
d) a normally closed fill valve fluidly connected to an outlet of said flow meter;
e) a bottle connector downstream of said fill valve for fluidly connecting an outlet of said fill valve to a compressed gas bottle to be filled, for filling the bottle from the bottle connector;
f) means for opening said fill valve; and g) means operatively connected to said mass flow meter and the fill valve for quantifying the accumulative additive count of signals from the mass flow meter and for closing the fill valve upon reaching a predetermined accumulative additive count of signals, said predetermined count being indicative of a predetermined cumulative quantity of units of mass which cumulatively total a predetermined and quantified mass of compressed carbon dioxide filled into the bottle.
a) an inlet for being fluidly connected to a bulk source of compressed carbon dioxide;
b) a pump for compressed carbon dioxide, said pump being fluidly connected to said inlet;
c) a mass flow meter fluidly connected to an outlet of said pump, said flow meter having means for producing a signal for a unit of mass of highly compressed carbon dioxide which has passed through said flow meter;
d) a normally closed fill valve fluidly connected to an outlet of said flow meter;
e) a bottle connector downstream of said fill valve for fluidly connecting an outlet of said fill valve to a compressed gas bottle to be filled, for filling the bottle from the bottle connector;
f) means for opening said fill valve; and g) means operatively connected to said mass flow meter and the fill valve for quantifying the accumulative additive count of signals from the mass flow meter and for closing the fill valve upon reaching a predetermined accumulative additive count of signals, said predetermined count being indicative of a predetermined cumulative quantity of units of mass which cumulatively total a predetermined and quantified mass of compressed carbon dioxide filled into the bottle.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, including means for powering said pump, said means normally energising said pump.
3. Apparatus according to either of Claim 1, in which said signal producing means is normally energised.
4. Apparatus according to either of Claims 1, 2 or 3, in which said mass flow meter is devoid of internal obstructions.
5. Apparatus according to either of Claims 1, 2 or 3, including means for programming said quantifying means.
6. Apparatus according to Claim 1, including means downstream of said fill valve for venting compressed carbon dioxide gas between the fill valve and the bottle.
7. Apparatus according to Claim 6, in which said venting means comprises a valve fluidly connected to said fill valve outlet and said bottle connector.
8. Apparatus according to Claim 6, in which said venting means is normally open, and in which said venting means is operatively connected for being closed when said fill valve is opened.
9. Apparatus according to Claim 8, in which said venting means and said fill valve are connected in parallel for simultaneous operation.
10. Apparatus according to either of Claims 6, 7 or 8, including a flow restrictor in said venting means, said flow restrictor being a reduced diameter tube upstream of said venting means, for reducing the volume to be vented.
11. A method of filling compressed gas bottles with a predetermined mass of compressed carbon dioxide, in either the gaseous or compressible liquid states, comprising the steps of:
a) propelling compressed carbon dioxide into a bottle;
b) measuring the mass flow of the compressed carbon dioxide prior to acceptance of the compressed carbon dioxide within the bottle;
c) generating a signal proportionate to the amount of mass per unit of time flowing into the bottle:
d) accumulating the signals; and e) terminating the flow of compressed carbon dioxide into the bottle upon accumulation of a predetermined number of signals, said predetermined number of signals being directly correlatable to a predetermined quantity of mass of the compressed carbon dioxide in the bottle regardless of the state of the carbon dioxide.
a) propelling compressed carbon dioxide into a bottle;
b) measuring the mass flow of the compressed carbon dioxide prior to acceptance of the compressed carbon dioxide within the bottle;
c) generating a signal proportionate to the amount of mass per unit of time flowing into the bottle:
d) accumulating the signals; and e) terminating the flow of compressed carbon dioxide into the bottle upon accumulation of a predetermined number of signals, said predetermined number of signals being directly correlatable to a predetermined quantity of mass of the compressed carbon dioxide in the bottle regardless of the state of the carbon dioxide.
12. A method according to Claim 11, in which the step of propelling comprises the step of automatic pumping in response to fluidly connecting an empty bottle to a compressed carbon dioxide pump.
13. A method according to Claim 12, in which the step of measuring is done between the pump and the bottle.
14. A method according to claim 11, including the step of continually exciting means for generating said signal.
15. A method according to Claim 11, including the step of filling the bottle through an automatically closing outlet valve on the bottle, and opening the outlet valve with the flow of compressed carbon dioxide.
16. A method according to Claim 11, in which the step of terminating flow into the bottle id done by closing a valve adjacent to and in direct fluid communication with the bottle, and including the further step of venting to atmosphere the compressed carbon dioxide between the valve and the bottle prior to disconnecting the bottle from direct fluid communication with the valve.
17. A method according to Claim 16, including the step of restricting the flow of compressed carbon dioxide during the step of venting.
18. A method according to either of Claims 16 or 17, in which the steps of closing the valve and venting are done substantially simultaneously.
19. A method according to either of Claims 11, 12 or 13, in which the compressed carbon dioxide is highly compressed and substantially in a compressible liquid state.
20. A method according to either of Claims 11, 12 or 13, in which the compressed carbon dioxide is highly compressed and has a specific gravity of at least 0.5.
21. A method according to either of Claims 11, 12 or 13, including the step of continually compressing the carbon dioxide to a specific gravity of at least 0.5.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43194282A | 1982-09-30 | 1982-09-30 | |
| US431,942 | 1982-09-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1229828A true CA1229828A (en) | 1987-12-01 |
Family
ID=23714082
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000438061A Expired CA1229828A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1983-09-30 | Apparatus and method for filling a compressed gas bottle with a predetermined mass of compressed carbon dioxide |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1229828A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2127533B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109819668A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2019-05-28 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | The method and apparatus of storage tank are filled with gas-pressurized |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0162879B1 (en) * | 1983-11-16 | 1989-01-25 | Mb Group Plc | A method of and apparatus for filling a container with gas |
| DE10037955B4 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2006-10-19 | Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh | Device for vertical gas filling |
| ES2211285B1 (en) * | 2002-05-16 | 2005-03-16 | Sociedad Española De Carburos Metalicos, S.A. | PROCEDURE AND INSTALLATION FOR FILLING BOTTLES WITH GAS. |
| DE102007005864B4 (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-10-30 | Sprügel, Friedrich A. | Connecting device for connecting a pressure vessel with a Flüssiggaseinfüllstutzen |
| JP5489752B2 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2014-05-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Gas filling system and vehicle |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3719196A (en) * | 1970-05-06 | 1973-03-06 | Jones R Mc | Charging sequence system and process |
| FR2240402B1 (en) * | 1973-08-09 | 1977-02-25 | Utilisation Ration Gaz | |
| FR2279023A1 (en) * | 1974-07-18 | 1976-02-13 | Utilisation Ration Gaz | PRESSURE FLUID FILLING PROCESS AND APPARATUS |
| MX145013A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1981-12-14 | James Everett Smith | IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING MASS FLOW |
| US4311054A (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1982-01-19 | Halliburton Company | Mass flowmeter with sensor gain control |
| US4252028A (en) * | 1979-02-26 | 1981-02-24 | S & F Associates | Method and apparatus for measuring flow |
-
1983
- 1983-09-21 GB GB8325309A patent/GB2127533B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-30 CA CA000438061A patent/CA1229828A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109819668A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2019-05-28 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | The method and apparatus of storage tank are filled with gas-pressurized |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2127533B (en) | 1986-04-23 |
| GB2127533A (en) | 1984-04-11 |
| GB8325309D0 (en) | 1983-10-26 |
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