CA1229765A - Fluid contacting surfaces and devices incorporating such surfaces - Google Patents
Fluid contacting surfaces and devices incorporating such surfacesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1229765A CA1229765A CA000449675A CA449675A CA1229765A CA 1229765 A CA1229765 A CA 1229765A CA 000449675 A CA000449675 A CA 000449675A CA 449675 A CA449675 A CA 449675A CA 1229765 A CA1229765 A CA 1229765A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- axis
- origin
- point
- fluid
- generating line
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
- B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
- B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
- B63H1/14—Propellers
- B63H1/26—Blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/181—Axial flow rotors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF DISCLOSURE
A means for forming a fluid-contacting surface on such as a stationary deflector or a blade of a rotatable impeller or propeller, and any device incorporating or provided with such fluid-contacting surface, wherein said surface comprises at least part of the surface generated by a generating line extending radially from a point of origin on an axis and rotated about said axis from said point and radial position so as to sweep through a decreasing angle relative to the axis as rotation takes place.
A means for forming a fluid-contacting surface on such as a stationary deflector or a blade of a rotatable impeller or propeller, and any device incorporating or provided with such fluid-contacting surface, wherein said surface comprises at least part of the surface generated by a generating line extending radially from a point of origin on an axis and rotated about said axis from said point and radial position so as to sweep through a decreasing angle relative to the axis as rotation takes place.
Description
~LZ2976~
~1--"Fluid Contacting Surfaces and Devices Incorporating Such Surfaces' This invention relates to fluid-contacting surfaces and devices incorporating such surfaces, and more particularly relates to fluid-contacting surfaces and devices which are arranged to affect, modify or control the flow of fluids, as for example the fluid-contacting surfaces of stationary deflectors or rotatable devices such as turbines, impellers or propellers and the like which may be used ~or a variety of purposes and applications e.g. as in pneumatic and hydraulic applications.
Conventional design of the fluid-contacting surfaces of such as impellers, propellers and like devices can be quite complex and involve relatively high design and production costs for such devices. It is accordingly an object of the - present invention to provide an alternative me~ns for generating or forming a fluid-contacting surface, and a device incorporating at least one such surface, in a relatively simple but effective and effiaient manner.
Another object of this invention is to provide a fluid-conl:acting surface and/or device incorporating at least one such surface, which may have special purpose applications and provide more effective fluid flow control than at least many conventionally formed fluid-contacting surfaces and devices.
Other and more particular objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description.
According to one aspect of this invention therefor, a fluid-contacting surface comprises at least a part of that .~
:
, ' ' ' ' . . ' ' ' ' - ~L2Z97~S
surface generated by a generating line extending radially from a point of origin on an axis and rotated about said axis from a said point of origin and radially position so asto sweep through a decreasing angle relative to the axis as rotation takes place.
In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a - stationary fluid deflector incorporating the fluid-contacting surface generated according to the preceding claim.
In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided an axial flow fluid impeller or propeller incorporating at least one fluid-contacting surface generated as aforesaid.
The invention further includes the methods of forming the said generating surface and the said stationary deflector and/or axial flow fluid impeller or propeller.
Some preferred aspects of the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, i.n which: .
FIGURE 1 is a diagram illustrating the principles involved in generating a fluid-contacting surface in accordance with the invention FIGURE 2: is an axial or end view of a first form of an impeller or propeller blade Eormed in accordance with the invention FIGURE 3: is a view in the direction of arrows III-III
of figure 2 FIGURE 4~: is a view in the direction of arrows IV-IV
-of figure 2 FIGURE lj: is an axial view of ablade part for forming -the impeller or propeller of fiqures 2, 3 and 4, illustrated :, ., .
, ' lZZ976~
. ~3--in a flat form prior to shaping FIGURE 6: is a perspective view of another form of the impeller or propeller form in accordance with the invention FIGURE 7: is a side view in the direction of arrow VII of flgure 6 FIGURE 8: is ~ side view in the direction of arrow VIII of figure FIGURE 9: is an axial or end view of the arrangement of figure 6 as viewed in the direction of arrow IX
FIGURE 10: is an axial view of one blade part for forming the impell-er or propeller of figures 6 to 9 inclusive, lllustrated in the flat form prior to shapins FIGURE 11: is a side view of a further impeller or propeller similar to but excluding a modification of the impeller of figures 6 through to 9, and ]FIGURE 12: is a view in the direction of arrows XII-XII of figure 11.
.
~ Referring firstly to figure 1 of the drawings, this diagrammatically illustrates how a fluid-contacting surface in accordance with the present invention may be generated about a polnt or origin O of an axis of rotation Z. A generatrix point P defines a radius vector OP, transverse axis X extends at right angles to the axis of rotation Z and the angle is formed between the X axis and the projection OQ of the radius vector OP onto the XY plane, with the a~gle 0 being formed between the radius vector OP and the ~axis. The parametric equations defining the curve generated by the point P are where R" represents the magnitude or length of the radius vector OP:
X = R". sin ~ cos~' Y = R" sin 9 sin~, and Z = R" cos ~
. . .. ~ ~ .
.
' "' ~ '. ' ,~ - ' . : ' -. ' . , . . ' . .
': . ' ' , - ~2~9~65 Either of the angles ~ and ~ may be eliminated from the equations by ex-pressing it as a function of the other.
As seen, in the XY~ co-ordinatesystem the point of origin O is at the intersection or point of origin of the three co-ordinateaxes, and with the angle between the true axis of rotation ~and radius vector OP
referred to as ~, the fluid-contacting surfaces generated in accordance with this invention is defined as the locus of the generatrix line OP
where ~ = f(~) i.e. is some function of the angle ~5 .
For example, where ~ 3 or any other function, including tables of discrete values.
Simply put, the fluid-contacting surface in accordance with this invention, is any part of that surface generated by the radius vector or generating line OP rotated about the axis 2} frc~ the point of origin and s~rept between the transverse axis X through a decreasing angle to lie ad-jacent ancl parallel the axis ~k The surface may include the full 90 sweep between the transverse axis X and the true axis of rotation ~} or a part thereof, or the full 180 sweep from adjacent the axis Z to one side of the point of origin O through the transverse axis X to lie adjac-ent the axis ~at the opposite side of the point of origin O; and the sur-face thus formed may be duplicated or otherwise mNltiplied in providing a plurality of similar fluid-contacting surfaces in continuous or spaced relationship about the axis of rotation ~e.g. as in providing fluid-contacting surfaces on a twin or mult:i bladed impeller or propeller.
'.
.
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The angle through which the radius vector or generating line OP is swept and the angle of rotation about the axis ~ may be unrelated or each may be a function of the other such as, for example, directly proportional, according to the use to which the fluid-contacting surface is to be put.
Similarly ~he va:riance in the angle through which the generating line OP is swept may be unrelated or directly proportional to the speed of rotation of the line OP about the axis ~.
Further, it is envisaged that the generating line OP
can remain of constant length throughout its rotational and angular sweep relative to the axis ~., so that the said surface, and any impeller or propeller blade formed thereby or incorporating such surface, may be swept through an imaginary sphere or spheroidal form,or the length of the generating line OP can be varied as it is swept through its prescribed angle and rotated about the axis ~ from its point of origin O
in forming a fluid-contacting surface or device incorporating such ~urface arranged to sweep through an alternative required orm as hereinafter described.
Referring now to figures 2, 3 and 4, the rotatable impeller or propeller may be constructed with a blade 1 formed from such as a thin shee.t of metal or other suitable material in initially flat circular disc form of radius equal to the length of the generating line OP and providedwith either a single radial slit S
or a small sector R,R' cut out, as iliustrated by way of example in figure 5 of the drawings; and the whole or part disc form may then be twi,sted and bent into shape with the radial slit -' ' ~ '-~ . . ' , ~ .
-6- ~22~7~,S
(or sector) edges R, R' disposed in opposition 180 apart to lie on or adjacent the axis of rotation ~ of the impeller or propeller.
In constructing the impeller or propeller in this manner, the slit S between the radial edges R, R' of the blade 1 may be a width such that is is substantially equal to the diameter of an axial shaft 2 for the impeller or propelIer and to which the said radial edges R,R' can be secured such as by welding.
Convehtional screw type impellers or propellers are formed with at least the inner parts of their fluid-contacting surfaces as al true helix or substantially a true helix about the axis of rotation, with such helix being maintained perpendicular to the axis as it progresses longitudinally thereof; and many propellers are provided with a further helical twist along their radial axes towards their outer periphery.
It will be seen that in the present invention there is a subst~mtial difference in construction in that the blade is simply spirally formed from one point of origin O on the axis of rot:ation ~ so that from the one medial position on the transverse axis X where the fluid-contacting surface generating line OP is disposed perpendicular to the axis of rotation ~, either side of such perpendicular position the angle of inclination ~ relative to the axis ~ progressively decreases as it approaches the axis of rotation ~ until it is positioned parallel and adjacent thereto i.e. adjacent the longitudinal surface of the axially disposed shaft 2.
In this ~orm of the invention, a pitch value of n = 2 has been selected, with the result th,at the blade 1 curves tightly into the main axis of rotation ~ of the impeller or propeller. In ' ' ' :
', ' .
~7~ ~229~6~
figure 2, radial lines 3 represent equal increments of the angle ~ of figure 1 and the dashed lines 4 join sample points of equal displacement from the plane of the X and Y axes.
In this arrangement, with rotation of the impeller and shaft about axis ~ a positive axial thrust on the fluid is exerted by the fluid-contacting surface of the blade 1 for efficient and effective operation either in moving the fluid coaxially or moving such as an aeroplane or boat relative to the respective fluid ~air or water) in which it is located.
The arrangement shown in figures 2,3 and 4 illustrate a single blade, but a complementary second blade can be provided and mounted in complementary diametric opposition, as shown in broken outline; and it will be seen also that on rotation the blade 1 or blades 1 will sweep through an imaginary sphere A
as indicated in broken outline in igure 4.
Ref0rring now to figures 6 to 10 of the accompanying drawings, a twin bladed impeller or propeller is provided with a dife!rent pitch and conse~uential diferent shape formed as a result of each blade 1' being constructed from thin sheet metal initially of disc form as before but with a relatively large segment S' cut out between radial edges R and R', as shown in figure 10.
Again and with the ~two blades 1' and their common shaft
~1--"Fluid Contacting Surfaces and Devices Incorporating Such Surfaces' This invention relates to fluid-contacting surfaces and devices incorporating such surfaces, and more particularly relates to fluid-contacting surfaces and devices which are arranged to affect, modify or control the flow of fluids, as for example the fluid-contacting surfaces of stationary deflectors or rotatable devices such as turbines, impellers or propellers and the like which may be used ~or a variety of purposes and applications e.g. as in pneumatic and hydraulic applications.
Conventional design of the fluid-contacting surfaces of such as impellers, propellers and like devices can be quite complex and involve relatively high design and production costs for such devices. It is accordingly an object of the - present invention to provide an alternative me~ns for generating or forming a fluid-contacting surface, and a device incorporating at least one such surface, in a relatively simple but effective and effiaient manner.
Another object of this invention is to provide a fluid-conl:acting surface and/or device incorporating at least one such surface, which may have special purpose applications and provide more effective fluid flow control than at least many conventionally formed fluid-contacting surfaces and devices.
Other and more particular objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description.
According to one aspect of this invention therefor, a fluid-contacting surface comprises at least a part of that .~
:
, ' ' ' ' . . ' ' ' ' - ~L2Z97~S
surface generated by a generating line extending radially from a point of origin on an axis and rotated about said axis from a said point of origin and radially position so asto sweep through a decreasing angle relative to the axis as rotation takes place.
In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a - stationary fluid deflector incorporating the fluid-contacting surface generated according to the preceding claim.
In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided an axial flow fluid impeller or propeller incorporating at least one fluid-contacting surface generated as aforesaid.
The invention further includes the methods of forming the said generating surface and the said stationary deflector and/or axial flow fluid impeller or propeller.
Some preferred aspects of the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, i.n which: .
FIGURE 1 is a diagram illustrating the principles involved in generating a fluid-contacting surface in accordance with the invention FIGURE 2: is an axial or end view of a first form of an impeller or propeller blade Eormed in accordance with the invention FIGURE 3: is a view in the direction of arrows III-III
of figure 2 FIGURE 4~: is a view in the direction of arrows IV-IV
-of figure 2 FIGURE lj: is an axial view of ablade part for forming -the impeller or propeller of fiqures 2, 3 and 4, illustrated :, ., .
, ' lZZ976~
. ~3--in a flat form prior to shaping FIGURE 6: is a perspective view of another form of the impeller or propeller form in accordance with the invention FIGURE 7: is a side view in the direction of arrow VII of flgure 6 FIGURE 8: is ~ side view in the direction of arrow VIII of figure FIGURE 9: is an axial or end view of the arrangement of figure 6 as viewed in the direction of arrow IX
FIGURE 10: is an axial view of one blade part for forming the impell-er or propeller of figures 6 to 9 inclusive, lllustrated in the flat form prior to shapins FIGURE 11: is a side view of a further impeller or propeller similar to but excluding a modification of the impeller of figures 6 through to 9, and ]FIGURE 12: is a view in the direction of arrows XII-XII of figure 11.
.
~ Referring firstly to figure 1 of the drawings, this diagrammatically illustrates how a fluid-contacting surface in accordance with the present invention may be generated about a polnt or origin O of an axis of rotation Z. A generatrix point P defines a radius vector OP, transverse axis X extends at right angles to the axis of rotation Z and the angle is formed between the X axis and the projection OQ of the radius vector OP onto the XY plane, with the a~gle 0 being formed between the radius vector OP and the ~axis. The parametric equations defining the curve generated by the point P are where R" represents the magnitude or length of the radius vector OP:
X = R". sin ~ cos~' Y = R" sin 9 sin~, and Z = R" cos ~
. . .. ~ ~ .
.
' "' ~ '. ' ,~ - ' . : ' -. ' . , . . ' . .
': . ' ' , - ~2~9~65 Either of the angles ~ and ~ may be eliminated from the equations by ex-pressing it as a function of the other.
As seen, in the XY~ co-ordinatesystem the point of origin O is at the intersection or point of origin of the three co-ordinateaxes, and with the angle between the true axis of rotation ~and radius vector OP
referred to as ~, the fluid-contacting surfaces generated in accordance with this invention is defined as the locus of the generatrix line OP
where ~ = f(~) i.e. is some function of the angle ~5 .
For example, where ~ 3 or any other function, including tables of discrete values.
Simply put, the fluid-contacting surface in accordance with this invention, is any part of that surface generated by the radius vector or generating line OP rotated about the axis 2} frc~ the point of origin and s~rept between the transverse axis X through a decreasing angle to lie ad-jacent ancl parallel the axis ~k The surface may include the full 90 sweep between the transverse axis X and the true axis of rotation ~} or a part thereof, or the full 180 sweep from adjacent the axis Z to one side of the point of origin O through the transverse axis X to lie adjac-ent the axis ~at the opposite side of the point of origin O; and the sur-face thus formed may be duplicated or otherwise mNltiplied in providing a plurality of similar fluid-contacting surfaces in continuous or spaced relationship about the axis of rotation ~e.g. as in providing fluid-contacting surfaces on a twin or mult:i bladed impeller or propeller.
'.
.
, _5_ ~22976~
The angle through which the radius vector or generating line OP is swept and the angle of rotation about the axis ~ may be unrelated or each may be a function of the other such as, for example, directly proportional, according to the use to which the fluid-contacting surface is to be put.
Similarly ~he va:riance in the angle through which the generating line OP is swept may be unrelated or directly proportional to the speed of rotation of the line OP about the axis ~.
Further, it is envisaged that the generating line OP
can remain of constant length throughout its rotational and angular sweep relative to the axis ~., so that the said surface, and any impeller or propeller blade formed thereby or incorporating such surface, may be swept through an imaginary sphere or spheroidal form,or the length of the generating line OP can be varied as it is swept through its prescribed angle and rotated about the axis ~ from its point of origin O
in forming a fluid-contacting surface or device incorporating such ~urface arranged to sweep through an alternative required orm as hereinafter described.
Referring now to figures 2, 3 and 4, the rotatable impeller or propeller may be constructed with a blade 1 formed from such as a thin shee.t of metal or other suitable material in initially flat circular disc form of radius equal to the length of the generating line OP and providedwith either a single radial slit S
or a small sector R,R' cut out, as iliustrated by way of example in figure 5 of the drawings; and the whole or part disc form may then be twi,sted and bent into shape with the radial slit -' ' ~ '-~ . . ' , ~ .
-6- ~22~7~,S
(or sector) edges R, R' disposed in opposition 180 apart to lie on or adjacent the axis of rotation ~ of the impeller or propeller.
In constructing the impeller or propeller in this manner, the slit S between the radial edges R, R' of the blade 1 may be a width such that is is substantially equal to the diameter of an axial shaft 2 for the impeller or propelIer and to which the said radial edges R,R' can be secured such as by welding.
Convehtional screw type impellers or propellers are formed with at least the inner parts of their fluid-contacting surfaces as al true helix or substantially a true helix about the axis of rotation, with such helix being maintained perpendicular to the axis as it progresses longitudinally thereof; and many propellers are provided with a further helical twist along their radial axes towards their outer periphery.
It will be seen that in the present invention there is a subst~mtial difference in construction in that the blade is simply spirally formed from one point of origin O on the axis of rot:ation ~ so that from the one medial position on the transverse axis X where the fluid-contacting surface generating line OP is disposed perpendicular to the axis of rotation ~, either side of such perpendicular position the angle of inclination ~ relative to the axis ~ progressively decreases as it approaches the axis of rotation ~ until it is positioned parallel and adjacent thereto i.e. adjacent the longitudinal surface of the axially disposed shaft 2.
In this ~orm of the invention, a pitch value of n = 2 has been selected, with the result th,at the blade 1 curves tightly into the main axis of rotation ~ of the impeller or propeller. In ' ' ' :
', ' .
~7~ ~229~6~
figure 2, radial lines 3 represent equal increments of the angle ~ of figure 1 and the dashed lines 4 join sample points of equal displacement from the plane of the X and Y axes.
In this arrangement, with rotation of the impeller and shaft about axis ~ a positive axial thrust on the fluid is exerted by the fluid-contacting surface of the blade 1 for efficient and effective operation either in moving the fluid coaxially or moving such as an aeroplane or boat relative to the respective fluid ~air or water) in which it is located.
The arrangement shown in figures 2,3 and 4 illustrate a single blade, but a complementary second blade can be provided and mounted in complementary diametric opposition, as shown in broken outline; and it will be seen also that on rotation the blade 1 or blades 1 will sweep through an imaginary sphere A
as indicated in broken outline in igure 4.
Ref0rring now to figures 6 to 10 of the accompanying drawings, a twin bladed impeller or propeller is provided with a dife!rent pitch and conse~uential diferent shape formed as a result of each blade 1' being constructed from thin sheet metal initially of disc form as before but with a relatively large segment S' cut out between radial edges R and R', as shown in figure 10.
Again and with the ~two blades 1' and their common shaft
2' rotated about the said axis ~, the blades 1' will sweep through an imaginary sphere A. It will be appreciated however that the invention is nlDt confined to impellers or propellers in which the fluid-contacting surface generating line OP is constant, but by varying the length of such line (e.g. by a gradual increase .
' . ~
, ~ ' `' -8- lZ29~765 to a peak followed by a gradual decrease) during formation of the impeller, or by subsequent shaping of the impeller blades once initially formed as before described, impellers or propellers of different shapes and sweeping different shaped volumes c:an be provided to meet the desired situations.
For example, the impeller blades 1' can be shaped so that on rotation a substantially cylindrical volume may be swept as indicated in chain dot outline B in figure 7, or the blades 1' may be shaped so that an ellipsoidal form C is swept by the impeller blades. In other variations the basic spheroidal form may be in the main applicable to the medial part of the impeller or propeller, but segments of the sphere or spheroidal form at the opposite axial ends may be cut off, or the longitudinal axis of the impeller or propeller substantially shortened relative to the true diambter.
Referring now to figures 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings, a twin bladed impelIer or propeller may be provided which is s~stantially similar to the impeller or propeller previously described with reference to figures 6 to 10 of the drawings, except that in this arrangement whilst the two blades 1'' are similarly formed from a thin flat disc arrangement, on assembly or prior to assembly axial end portions are cut out at T to more particularly separate the hlades 1'' at the shaft 2 " each side of the medial portion 1" a - Experiments with impellers and impeller blades formed as aforedescribed in accordance with this invention have shown that in many instances and on rotation in one direction the formed impellers will give a far more concentrated axial thrust than lZZ976S
conventional impellers or similac overall size, similarly powered, and rotated at the same revolution6. The invention thus has particular applications in the construction of small and large air circulation, cooling and ventilating fans and thè like: and it i8 further expected that the invention will have useful applications in marine propulsion for boats and the like, and/oe the impelling or pumping of vacious kind6 of fluids, and po6sibly further have aeronautical applications.
It will be appreciated that varying degrees of efficiency and effectiveness in operation of devices such as rotary impeller6 and propellers, ol stationery~movable deflector6 and the like, in accordance with the invention will result and be dependent on the extent of rotational and arcuate 6weep of the generating line in focming the fluid contacting surface concerned. Whilst in some instances, particularly for stationery deflectors, surprisingly effective fluid deflection is obtainable with minimal rotational and/or arcuate sweep of the surface generating line: for most practical applications the surface generating line will desirably be required to move through at least twenty percent (20%.) of a revolution about the axi6 and through a longitudinal arc of at least 15 degrees.
As before indicated, the invention particularly lends itself to simplification of manufacture utilizing sheet materials, but it will b~ appreciated that the invention is not confined in this respect: and that the impeller, propeller or other blades or deflecl:ors incorporating the fluid-contacting ~urface or surfaces in accordance with the invention can be manufactured and formed by other means.
Particular forms of the invention and its applications have been de6cribed only by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it will be appreciated that other variations of and modifications to, and applications of, the invention may take place without departing from ~he scope of the appended claims.
.
: , :
' ' ' ~
' ~ , , ~ .
' . ~
, ~ ' `' -8- lZ29~765 to a peak followed by a gradual decrease) during formation of the impeller, or by subsequent shaping of the impeller blades once initially formed as before described, impellers or propellers of different shapes and sweeping different shaped volumes c:an be provided to meet the desired situations.
For example, the impeller blades 1' can be shaped so that on rotation a substantially cylindrical volume may be swept as indicated in chain dot outline B in figure 7, or the blades 1' may be shaped so that an ellipsoidal form C is swept by the impeller blades. In other variations the basic spheroidal form may be in the main applicable to the medial part of the impeller or propeller, but segments of the sphere or spheroidal form at the opposite axial ends may be cut off, or the longitudinal axis of the impeller or propeller substantially shortened relative to the true diambter.
Referring now to figures 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings, a twin bladed impelIer or propeller may be provided which is s~stantially similar to the impeller or propeller previously described with reference to figures 6 to 10 of the drawings, except that in this arrangement whilst the two blades 1'' are similarly formed from a thin flat disc arrangement, on assembly or prior to assembly axial end portions are cut out at T to more particularly separate the hlades 1'' at the shaft 2 " each side of the medial portion 1" a - Experiments with impellers and impeller blades formed as aforedescribed in accordance with this invention have shown that in many instances and on rotation in one direction the formed impellers will give a far more concentrated axial thrust than lZZ976S
conventional impellers or similac overall size, similarly powered, and rotated at the same revolution6. The invention thus has particular applications in the construction of small and large air circulation, cooling and ventilating fans and thè like: and it i8 further expected that the invention will have useful applications in marine propulsion for boats and the like, and/oe the impelling or pumping of vacious kind6 of fluids, and po6sibly further have aeronautical applications.
It will be appreciated that varying degrees of efficiency and effectiveness in operation of devices such as rotary impeller6 and propellers, ol stationery~movable deflector6 and the like, in accordance with the invention will result and be dependent on the extent of rotational and arcuate 6weep of the generating line in focming the fluid contacting surface concerned. Whilst in some instances, particularly for stationery deflectors, surprisingly effective fluid deflection is obtainable with minimal rotational and/or arcuate sweep of the surface generating line: for most practical applications the surface generating line will desirably be required to move through at least twenty percent (20%.) of a revolution about the axi6 and through a longitudinal arc of at least 15 degrees.
As before indicated, the invention particularly lends itself to simplification of manufacture utilizing sheet materials, but it will b~ appreciated that the invention is not confined in this respect: and that the impeller, propeller or other blades or deflecl:ors incorporating the fluid-contacting ~urface or surfaces in accordance with the invention can be manufactured and formed by other means.
Particular forms of the invention and its applications have been de6cribed only by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it will be appreciated that other variations of and modifications to, and applications of, the invention may take place without departing from ~he scope of the appended claims.
.
: , :
' ' ' ~
' ~ , , ~ .
Claims (12)
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A device having a fluid-contacting non-planar surface comprising at least a part of the curvilinear surface which is generated by a substantially straight generating line extending radially from a single static point of origin on an axis and simultaneously rotated for at least 20% of a revolution about said axis whilst extending from said point of origin and whilst simultaneously sweeping through an arc of at least 15 degrees extending longitudinally of the axis enclosed by an increasing or decreasing angle of the generating line relative to the axis and from one side of the point of origin to or towards the other side as rotation of the generating line takes place, said surface having its inner end part fixed at said axis at least at said point of original and immediately adjacent thereto.
2. A device having a fluid-contacting surface as claimed in claim 1 wherein the rate of decrease of said angle is directly proportional to the speed of rotation of the line about said axis.
3. A device having a fluid-contacting surface as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the length of the said generating line is constant through said rotational angular sweep.
4. A device having a fluid-contacting surface as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the length of the said generating line is varied by gradual increase to a peak and followed by a gradual decrease.
5. A device having a fluid-contacting surface as claimed in claim 1 wherein the generating line is swept through substantially an angle of 90° from perpendicular to the axis to adjacent and parallel therewith.
6. A device having a fluid-contacting surface as claimed in claim 1 wherein the generating line is swept through subtantially 180° from a position adjacent and parallel with the axis to one side of said point of origin, through a radially extending position relative to the axis and to a position adjacent and parallel with the axis at the other side of said point of origin.
7 . A stationary fluid deflector having at least one fluid-contacting non-planar surface defined by at least part of the curvilinear surface which is generated by a substantially straight generating line extending radially from a single static point of origin on an axis and simultaneously rotated for at least twenty percent (20%) of a revolution about said axis whilst extending from said point of origin and whilst sweeping through an arc of at least 15 degrees extending longitudinally of the axis and enclosed by an increasing or decreasing angle of the generating line relative to the axis and from one side of the point of origin to or towards the other side as rotation of the generating line takes place, said surface having its inner end part fixed at said axis at least at said point of origin and immediately adjacent thereto.
8. An axial flow fluid impeller or propeller having at least one blade part with a fluid-contacting non-planar surface defined by at least part of the curvilinear surface which is generated by a substantially straight generating line extending radially from a single static point of origin on an axis and simultaneously rotated for at least twenty percent (20%) of a revolution about said axis whilst extending from said point of origin and whilst simultaneously sweeping through an arc of at least 15 degrees extending longitudinally of the axis and enclosed by an increasing or decreasing angle of the generating line relative to the axis and from one side of the point of origin to or towards the other side as rotation of the generating line takes place, said surface having its inner and part fixed at said axis at least at said point of origin and immediately adjacent thereto; said blade being mounted on 80 as to extend outwardly of a cylindrical shaft for rotation therewith, said axis and the arrangement providing that the root of the blade at its junction with the shaft periphery does not form a uniform helix about the shaft as it advances from one end to the other.
9. An axial flow fluid impeller or propeller comprising two similar blade parts secured to and disposed in diametric opposition about a shaft defining a common axis, each of said blade parts having a fluid-contacting non-planar surface which is defined by at least part of the curvilinear surface generated by a generating line extending radially from a single common point of origin on said common axis and simultaneously rotated for at least twenty percent (20%) of a revolution about said axis whilst extending from said point of origin and whilst sweeping through an arc enclosed by an angle of substantially 180° relative to the axis as rotation of the generating line takes place (said surface having its inner end part fixed at said axis at least at said point of origin and immediately adjacent thereto), and thus extending from a position adjacent and substantially parallel with the axis to one side of said point of origin through a medial radially extending position at an angle of 90° to the axis and to a position adjacent and substantially parallel with the axis at the other side of said point of origin.
10. A fluid impeller or propeller as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9 wherein the blade part or parts is or are arranged to sweep through an imaginary co-axial spherical or spheroidal form on rotation of the impeller or propeller.
11. A fluid impeller or propeller as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9 wherein the blade part or parts is or are arranged to sweep through all or part of an imaginary ellipsoidal form on rotation of the impeller or propeller.
12. A fluid impeller or propeller as claimed in claim 8 wherein the blade part or parts is or are arranged to sweep through an imaginary co-axial cylindrical form on rotation of the impeller or propeller.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ203600 | 1983-03-17 | ||
| NZ203600A NZ203600A (en) | 1983-03-17 | 1983-03-17 | Generating a non-planar fluid working surface |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1229765A true CA1229765A (en) | 1987-12-01 |
Family
ID=19920280
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000449675A Expired CA1229765A (en) | 1983-03-17 | 1984-03-15 | Fluid contacting surfaces and devices incorporating such surfaces |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0122726B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS59183001A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU571200B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1229765A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3460275D1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX161273A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ203600A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA842009B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3579914D1 (en) * | 1984-10-12 | 1990-10-31 | Lorimont Pty Ltd | SCREW FOR BOATS. |
| JPS62500515A (en) * | 1984-10-12 | 1987-03-05 | ロリモント プロプライエタリー リミテッド | marine propeller |
| WO2013115658A1 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-08 | Propeller Technology Ltd | Propeller |
| CN111498049B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-12-21 | 中船澄西扬州船舶有限公司 | Mounting method of energy-saving stator |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1017915B (en) * | 1955-06-02 | 1957-10-17 | Bergedorfer Eisenwerk Ag | Centrifugal pump for liquid food |
| JPS524940B1 (en) * | 1970-02-20 | 1977-02-08 | ||
| FR2187030A5 (en) * | 1971-07-09 | 1974-01-11 | Crambes Maurice | |
| FR2359294A1 (en) * | 1976-07-23 | 1978-02-17 | Carrouset Pierre | FLUID PREHENSION TURBINE |
| NL184075B (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1988-11-01 | Hva Water Contractors B V | METHOD FOR OPERATING A ROTARY PIVOT ROTATOR AND ROTOR INTENDED FOR CARRYING OUT SUCH A METHOD |
-
1983
- 1983-03-17 NZ NZ203600A patent/NZ203600A/en unknown
-
1984
- 1984-03-14 AU AU25578/84A patent/AU571200B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-03-15 CA CA000449675A patent/CA1229765A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-16 EP EP84301804A patent/EP0122726B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-16 JP JP59049393A patent/JPS59183001A/en active Pending
- 1984-03-16 DE DE8484301804T patent/DE3460275D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-19 MX MX200712A patent/MX161273A/en unknown
- 1984-03-19 ZA ZA842009A patent/ZA842009B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59183001A (en) | 1984-10-18 |
| EP0122726B1 (en) | 1986-07-09 |
| AU571200B2 (en) | 1988-04-14 |
| EP0122726A1 (en) | 1984-10-24 |
| MX161273A (en) | 1990-08-27 |
| NZ203600A (en) | 1987-03-06 |
| ZA842009B (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| AU2557884A (en) | 1984-09-20 |
| DE3460275D1 (en) | 1986-08-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |