CA1228772A - Ignition controlled protection system using expanding gases and pneumatics - Google Patents
Ignition controlled protection system using expanding gases and pneumaticsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1228772A CA1228772A CA000459550A CA459550A CA1228772A CA 1228772 A CA1228772 A CA 1228772A CA 000459550 A CA000459550 A CA 000459550A CA 459550 A CA459550 A CA 459550A CA 1228772 A CA1228772 A CA 1228772A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- gas
- length
- sheath
- fire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
- A62C37/42—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with mechanical connection between sensor and actuator, e.g. rods, levers
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
"ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE"
A fire detector for use in a fire protection system comprises a tube of heat-conductive material extending through a zone to be protected by the system. The tube houses a temperature-responsive element comprising a length of a gas-evolving substance, operative when a predetermined critical temperature is reached at any point along the length of the tube, to explosively generate a volume of gas for activating pneumatic actuation means for example associated with a fire extinguisher of the system.
The length of gas evolving substance is within a wire mesh sheath which acts as a filter to retain combustion products and unburnt residue from the substance after activation. The sheath avoids the need for thorough cleaning of the system when re-commissioning after activation and also facilitates the insertion of a fresh element into the system.
A fire detector for use in a fire protection system comprises a tube of heat-conductive material extending through a zone to be protected by the system. The tube houses a temperature-responsive element comprising a length of a gas-evolving substance, operative when a predetermined critical temperature is reached at any point along the length of the tube, to explosively generate a volume of gas for activating pneumatic actuation means for example associated with a fire extinguisher of the system.
The length of gas evolving substance is within a wire mesh sheath which acts as a filter to retain combustion products and unburnt residue from the substance after activation. The sheath avoids the need for thorough cleaning of the system when re-commissioning after activation and also facilitates the insertion of a fresh element into the system.
Description
3.2Z~3~
he present invention relates to fire detectors and to fire protection systems incorporating fire detectors.
There is disclosed in my Australian petty patent No. 508722, and British patent 2060376, a fire protection system comprising one or more fire extinguishers with pneumatically operable actuation means. The actuation means is connected by a conduit to a detector comprising an elongate tube containing a solid, temperature-responsive, gas-evolving substance.
When a predetermined temperature is sensed at any point along the tube, the substance explosively reacts, and generates gas which travels along the conduit in order to trigger the actuation means of the fire extinguisher. Although this previously proposed system operates well, a difficulty arises in that after use, the tube and the associated conduit and actuation means will contain the combustion products of the gas-evolving substance and also some unburnt residue and the entire system must be cleaned before it can be recommissioned for use, which may be very time-consuming especially when the detector tube is many metros in length and when the conduit is branched in order to serve several extinguishers or other 7~7~
pneumatically operated devices incorporated in the system.
According to the present invention, there is provided a fire detector comprising a tube of heat-conductive material, a temperature-responsive element housed within the tube, said element comprising a length of a gas-evolving substance effective when a predetermined critical temperature is reached at any point along the length of the element I to explosively generate a volume of gas for activating pneumatic actuation means, and a mesh sheath surrounding said length of gas-evolving substance, said sheath defining a filter to retain combustion products and unburnt residue of said substance.
Further according to the invention, there is provided a fire protection system comprising at least one fire extinguisher, pneumatically operate actuation means for said fire extinguisher, and a fire detector, said fire detector comprising a tube of 20 heat-conductive material, a temperature-responsive element housed within said tube, said element comprising a length of a gas-evolving substance effective, when a predetermined critical-~emperature is reached to explosively generate a volume of gas, 25 and a mesh sheath surrounding said length of gas-evolving substance, said sheath forming a jilter to retain combustion products and unburnt residue of said substance, said tube being closed at one end, and conduit means connecting the other end of said tube to 30 said actuation means whereby said volume of gas when generated actuates said actuation means.
7'7~
- Preferably, the sheath is formed from a wire mesh, typically a braided wire mesh.
Preferably, each end of the sheath is connected to a threaded end fitting.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a fire protection system incorporating a detector in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a fragmentary section showing pneumatic actuation means of a fire extinguisher of the system; and Figure 3 is a section through the detector.
The fire protection system shown in the drawings comprises a fire extinguisher 2, pneumatically-operable actuation means 4 for the fire extinguisher
he present invention relates to fire detectors and to fire protection systems incorporating fire detectors.
There is disclosed in my Australian petty patent No. 508722, and British patent 2060376, a fire protection system comprising one or more fire extinguishers with pneumatically operable actuation means. The actuation means is connected by a conduit to a detector comprising an elongate tube containing a solid, temperature-responsive, gas-evolving substance.
When a predetermined temperature is sensed at any point along the tube, the substance explosively reacts, and generates gas which travels along the conduit in order to trigger the actuation means of the fire extinguisher. Although this previously proposed system operates well, a difficulty arises in that after use, the tube and the associated conduit and actuation means will contain the combustion products of the gas-evolving substance and also some unburnt residue and the entire system must be cleaned before it can be recommissioned for use, which may be very time-consuming especially when the detector tube is many metros in length and when the conduit is branched in order to serve several extinguishers or other 7~7~
pneumatically operated devices incorporated in the system.
According to the present invention, there is provided a fire detector comprising a tube of heat-conductive material, a temperature-responsive element housed within the tube, said element comprising a length of a gas-evolving substance effective when a predetermined critical temperature is reached at any point along the length of the element I to explosively generate a volume of gas for activating pneumatic actuation means, and a mesh sheath surrounding said length of gas-evolving substance, said sheath defining a filter to retain combustion products and unburnt residue of said substance.
Further according to the invention, there is provided a fire protection system comprising at least one fire extinguisher, pneumatically operate actuation means for said fire extinguisher, and a fire detector, said fire detector comprising a tube of 20 heat-conductive material, a temperature-responsive element housed within said tube, said element comprising a length of a gas-evolving substance effective, when a predetermined critical-~emperature is reached to explosively generate a volume of gas, 25 and a mesh sheath surrounding said length of gas-evolving substance, said sheath forming a jilter to retain combustion products and unburnt residue of said substance, said tube being closed at one end, and conduit means connecting the other end of said tube to 30 said actuation means whereby said volume of gas when generated actuates said actuation means.
7'7~
- Preferably, the sheath is formed from a wire mesh, typically a braided wire mesh.
Preferably, each end of the sheath is connected to a threaded end fitting.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a fire protection system incorporating a detector in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a fragmentary section showing pneumatic actuation means of a fire extinguisher of the system; and Figure 3 is a section through the detector.
The fire protection system shown in the drawings comprises a fire extinguisher 2, pneumatically-operable actuation means 4 for the fire extinguisher
2, a fire detector 6 containing a solid, gas-evolving, temperature-responsive substance, and a conduit 8 connecting the detector 6 to the actuation means 4.
The conduit 8 may be branched to transmit gas pressure to other pneumatically-operable devices, such as a pneumatically-operated electrical switch lo or a pneumatic ram 12 associated with machinery under protection. As shown in Figure 2, purely by way of example, the fire extinguisher Z comprises a head portion 16 in the form of a body which defines a passage 18 from the outlet 20 of the extinguisher 2.
Jo I
- The extinguisher outlet 20 is normally closed by a closure plate 22 seated on an G-ring 24 and held against the force of pressurized extinguish ant fluid within the extinguisher by a pivotal catch 26 which engages an arm 28 by which the closure plate 22 is carried. The actuation means 4 comprises a piston 30 which is movable to the right (as viewed in Figure 2) by gas pressure generated by the gas-evolving substance; such movement pivots the catch 26 clockwise (as viewed in Figure 2) and this releases the restraint on the arm 28 whereby the closure plate 22 is moved away from the extinguisher outlet 22 by the pressure of the extinguish ant fluid and the fluid is discharged from the head portion 16 via an outlet port 15 32 to associated dueling (not shown) which is threadedly connected to the port 32.
The system so far described is substantially identical to that disclosed in the above Australian petty patent and British patent further details of 20 which are herein incorporated by reference. The illustrated construction of the pneumatically-operated actuation means is given by way of example only and other forms of actuation means such as described in the above Australian petty patent and Brutish patent 25 may alternatively be used.
As shown in Figure 3, the fire detector 6 comprises a tube 34 which may be between a few centimeters and 25 metros or more in length, the tube being of a heat conductive material such as 30 copper-plated, hot-tinned, steel. The tube 34 is initially straight, but can be bent during installation in order to follow a desired path. When 22~3~ô I
-- installed, the tube extends through a zone to be protected, or example the tube may he positioned on the wall or ceiling of a room so as to extend throughout the length of the room, or along machinery.
The interior of the tube 34 contains a temperature-responsive element 36 comprising a length of a gas-evolving temperature-responsive substance which extends substantially throughout the length of the tube 34, the element being flexible so that it can be bent with the tube 34. The substance may consist of a cotton wick impregnated with black powder and dried nitrocellulose solution. Alternatively, the substance may consist of a plastic igniter cord. A
typical plastic igniter cord (fast) may comprise central paper strings coated with moated black powder composition and held together with cotton countering;
these are enclosed in an extruded layer of plastic incendiary composition and finished with antiwar plastic covering. The substance reacts suddenly and 20 explosively when a critical temperature of, say, between about 175C and 185C is attained at any point along its length, the explosive reaction generating a large volume of gas at a pressure which may be within the range of 150 to 3000 psi or more, the pressure 25 being con reliably for each particular installation by using tubing of different diameters.
The element 36 is retained within a mesh sheath wish acts as a filter to retain solid combustion products and unburnt residue from the explosive 30 reaction while permitting passage of gas through the mesh of the sheath. The sheath 38 is formed of metal wire for example of stainless steel or nickel steel so ~11.;~2~ 2 as to be heat resistant and to withstand the explosive reaction; preferably, the sheath 38 is formed prom a braided wire mesh. At each end, the sheath 38 is closed by being crimped into a tubular end witting S aye, 40b. The end fitting aye at the end of the tube 34 remote from the conduit 8 is internally threaded for connection to an inwardly-projecting threaded spigot of a threaded blanking plug 42 which closes the remote end of the tube 34 and which is screwed into a gland nut 44 held captive at that end of the tune.
The proximate end of the tube I that is the end of the tube 34 which is closer to the conduit 8, is likewise provided with a captive gland nut 44 and this receives a tubular, externally-threaded, connector 46 by which the tube 34 can be connected to a further length of detector tube or to the conduit 8 which leads to the actuation means. The crimped end fitting 40b for the sheath 38 at the proximate end of the tube 34 is externally threaded and of a size to mate with the internal thread of an end fitting aye similar to that used at the remote end of the tube 34. If the tube 34 is connected to a further length ox detector lube, the externally-threaded end fitting 40b will be screwed into the internally threaded end fitting at the adjacent end of the temperature-responsive element associated with that other tube, if, however, the detector tube is connected directly to the conduit at its proximate end, the end fitting 40b is simply left free (as shown).
In use, when the temperature-responsive substance actuates explosively at the critical temperature, a large volume of gas is generated which passes through the wire mesh sheath 38 into the tube 34 and thence ~.~22~
- into the conduit R in order to trigger the actuation mean. Ho ever, the solid combustion products and unburnt residue are retained within the sheath 38 and do not enter the tube. In order to recommission the system after use, the blanking plug 42 is removed from the remote end of the tube 34 and the proximate end of the tube 34 is disconnected from the threaded connector 46 ho unscrewing the gland nut 44 at that end of the tube. A new temperature-responsive 10 element, complete with an outer wire sheath 38 and end fittings aye, 40b is connected to the proximate end of the spent element by screwing the end fitting aye of the new element onto the end fitting 40b of the spent element. The spent element is then withdrawn 15 from the tube 34 through the open, remote, end of the tube, thus draying the new element into the tube 34.
When the spent element is fully withdrawn, it is disconnected from the new element, and the tube 34 is reenclosed by screwing the plug 42 onto the end fitting 20 aye of the new element and screwing the gland nut 44 onto the plug 42~ At the proximate end of the tube 34, the gland nut 44 is screwed onto the threaded connector 46.
It will be apparent that the use of the wire 25 sheath avoids the need to clean the system after use as solid combustion products and any unburnt residue will be removed when the element is removed. The end fittings at each end of the sheath enable the element to-be easily replaced in the manner described above, 30 even if the tube 34 (or tubes 34) follow a tortuous path in the installation.
I
- The embodiment has been descried by way of example only, and modifications are possible within the scope of the invention.
The conduit 8 may be branched to transmit gas pressure to other pneumatically-operable devices, such as a pneumatically-operated electrical switch lo or a pneumatic ram 12 associated with machinery under protection. As shown in Figure 2, purely by way of example, the fire extinguisher Z comprises a head portion 16 in the form of a body which defines a passage 18 from the outlet 20 of the extinguisher 2.
Jo I
- The extinguisher outlet 20 is normally closed by a closure plate 22 seated on an G-ring 24 and held against the force of pressurized extinguish ant fluid within the extinguisher by a pivotal catch 26 which engages an arm 28 by which the closure plate 22 is carried. The actuation means 4 comprises a piston 30 which is movable to the right (as viewed in Figure 2) by gas pressure generated by the gas-evolving substance; such movement pivots the catch 26 clockwise (as viewed in Figure 2) and this releases the restraint on the arm 28 whereby the closure plate 22 is moved away from the extinguisher outlet 22 by the pressure of the extinguish ant fluid and the fluid is discharged from the head portion 16 via an outlet port 15 32 to associated dueling (not shown) which is threadedly connected to the port 32.
The system so far described is substantially identical to that disclosed in the above Australian petty patent and British patent further details of 20 which are herein incorporated by reference. The illustrated construction of the pneumatically-operated actuation means is given by way of example only and other forms of actuation means such as described in the above Australian petty patent and Brutish patent 25 may alternatively be used.
As shown in Figure 3, the fire detector 6 comprises a tube 34 which may be between a few centimeters and 25 metros or more in length, the tube being of a heat conductive material such as 30 copper-plated, hot-tinned, steel. The tube 34 is initially straight, but can be bent during installation in order to follow a desired path. When 22~3~ô I
-- installed, the tube extends through a zone to be protected, or example the tube may he positioned on the wall or ceiling of a room so as to extend throughout the length of the room, or along machinery.
The interior of the tube 34 contains a temperature-responsive element 36 comprising a length of a gas-evolving temperature-responsive substance which extends substantially throughout the length of the tube 34, the element being flexible so that it can be bent with the tube 34. The substance may consist of a cotton wick impregnated with black powder and dried nitrocellulose solution. Alternatively, the substance may consist of a plastic igniter cord. A
typical plastic igniter cord (fast) may comprise central paper strings coated with moated black powder composition and held together with cotton countering;
these are enclosed in an extruded layer of plastic incendiary composition and finished with antiwar plastic covering. The substance reacts suddenly and 20 explosively when a critical temperature of, say, between about 175C and 185C is attained at any point along its length, the explosive reaction generating a large volume of gas at a pressure which may be within the range of 150 to 3000 psi or more, the pressure 25 being con reliably for each particular installation by using tubing of different diameters.
The element 36 is retained within a mesh sheath wish acts as a filter to retain solid combustion products and unburnt residue from the explosive 30 reaction while permitting passage of gas through the mesh of the sheath. The sheath 38 is formed of metal wire for example of stainless steel or nickel steel so ~11.;~2~ 2 as to be heat resistant and to withstand the explosive reaction; preferably, the sheath 38 is formed prom a braided wire mesh. At each end, the sheath 38 is closed by being crimped into a tubular end witting S aye, 40b. The end fitting aye at the end of the tube 34 remote from the conduit 8 is internally threaded for connection to an inwardly-projecting threaded spigot of a threaded blanking plug 42 which closes the remote end of the tube 34 and which is screwed into a gland nut 44 held captive at that end of the tune.
The proximate end of the tube I that is the end of the tube 34 which is closer to the conduit 8, is likewise provided with a captive gland nut 44 and this receives a tubular, externally-threaded, connector 46 by which the tube 34 can be connected to a further length of detector tube or to the conduit 8 which leads to the actuation means. The crimped end fitting 40b for the sheath 38 at the proximate end of the tube 34 is externally threaded and of a size to mate with the internal thread of an end fitting aye similar to that used at the remote end of the tube 34. If the tube 34 is connected to a further length ox detector lube, the externally-threaded end fitting 40b will be screwed into the internally threaded end fitting at the adjacent end of the temperature-responsive element associated with that other tube, if, however, the detector tube is connected directly to the conduit at its proximate end, the end fitting 40b is simply left free (as shown).
In use, when the temperature-responsive substance actuates explosively at the critical temperature, a large volume of gas is generated which passes through the wire mesh sheath 38 into the tube 34 and thence ~.~22~
- into the conduit R in order to trigger the actuation mean. Ho ever, the solid combustion products and unburnt residue are retained within the sheath 38 and do not enter the tube. In order to recommission the system after use, the blanking plug 42 is removed from the remote end of the tube 34 and the proximate end of the tube 34 is disconnected from the threaded connector 46 ho unscrewing the gland nut 44 at that end of the tube. A new temperature-responsive 10 element, complete with an outer wire sheath 38 and end fittings aye, 40b is connected to the proximate end of the spent element by screwing the end fitting aye of the new element onto the end fitting 40b of the spent element. The spent element is then withdrawn 15 from the tube 34 through the open, remote, end of the tube, thus draying the new element into the tube 34.
When the spent element is fully withdrawn, it is disconnected from the new element, and the tube 34 is reenclosed by screwing the plug 42 onto the end fitting 20 aye of the new element and screwing the gland nut 44 onto the plug 42~ At the proximate end of the tube 34, the gland nut 44 is screwed onto the threaded connector 46.
It will be apparent that the use of the wire 25 sheath avoids the need to clean the system after use as solid combustion products and any unburnt residue will be removed when the element is removed. The end fittings at each end of the sheath enable the element to-be easily replaced in the manner described above, 30 even if the tube 34 (or tubes 34) follow a tortuous path in the installation.
I
- The embodiment has been descried by way of example only, and modifications are possible within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A fire detector comprising a tube of heat-conductive material normally closed at one end, and one or more temperature-responsive elements housed within the tube, the or each said element comprising a length of a gas-evolving substance effective when a predetermined critical temperature is reached at any point along the length of the element to generate explosively a volume of gas for activating pneumatic actuation means connectable to the other end of the tube; wherein the or each said element includes a mesh sheath surrounding said length of gas-evolving substance, said sheath defining a filter to retain solid combustion products and unburnt residue of said substance; the or each said element has an end fitting at each end thereof, the end fittings at opposite ends being complementary whereby two similar such elements can be coupled together end-to-end; and said tube is openable at at least one end thereof to facilitate the removal from the tube of said sheath(s) with retained solid combustion products and unburnt residue after combustion of the corresponding said element(s), and the insertion of one or more fresh said element(s).
2. A fire detector according to claim 1, wherein the or each said sheath comprises a wire mesh.
3. A fire detector according to claim 2, wherein the mesh is a braided mesh.
4. A fire detector according to claim 1, further comprising removable plug means closing one end of the tube, said plug means including a portion for connection with the end fitting at the adjacent end of the adjacent temperature-responsive element.
5. A fire detector according to claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the tube is bendable and a said element or a coupled series of said elements, extends along substantially the entire length of the tube.
6. A fire protection system comprising at least one fire extinguisher; pneumatically-operated actuation means for said fire extinguisher; a fire detector according to claims 1, 2 or 3; and conduit means connecting said other end of the tube of said detector to said actuation means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPG0475/83 | 1983-07-26 | ||
| AUPG047583 | 1983-07-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1228772A true CA1228772A (en) | 1987-11-03 |
Family
ID=3770250
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000459550A Expired CA1228772A (en) | 1983-07-26 | 1984-07-24 | Ignition controlled protection system using expanding gases and pneumatics |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0135030A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1228772A (en) |
| HK (1) | HK6088A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY8700693A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ208994A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG56787G (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA845722B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU570486B2 (en) * | 1983-07-26 | 1988-03-17 | Chubb Australia Limited | Fire detector |
| WO2005096985A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-20 | Willem Mennega | Dispensing arrangement |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3904221A (en) * | 1972-05-19 | 1975-09-09 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Gas generating system for the inflation of a protective bag |
| US4066415A (en) * | 1975-02-03 | 1978-01-03 | Nippon Oil And Fats Co., Ltd. | Gas generator for inflatable life raft |
| US4322385A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1982-03-30 | Eaton Corporation | Filters for vehicle occupant restraint system fluid supplies |
| AU508722B3 (en) * | 1979-10-12 | 1980-03-27 | Alister Leslie Mcculloch | Fire protection system |
-
1984
- 1984-07-18 EP EP84108484A patent/EP0135030A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-07-24 ZA ZA845722A patent/ZA845722B/en unknown
- 1984-07-24 CA CA000459550A patent/CA1228772A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-24 NZ NZ208994A patent/NZ208994A/en unknown
-
1987
- 1987-07-06 SG SG567/87A patent/SG56787G/en unknown
- 1987-12-30 MY MY693/87A patent/MY8700693A/en unknown
-
1988
- 1988-01-21 HK HK60/88A patent/HK6088A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA845722B (en) | 1985-03-27 |
| NZ208994A (en) | 1987-04-30 |
| HK6088A (en) | 1988-01-29 |
| MY8700693A (en) | 1987-12-31 |
| SG56787G (en) | 1987-09-18 |
| EP0135030A1 (en) | 1985-03-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |