CA1226441A - Method and apparatus for dressing workpiece - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for dressing workpieceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1226441A CA1226441A CA000497119A CA497119A CA1226441A CA 1226441 A CA1226441 A CA 1226441A CA 000497119 A CA000497119 A CA 000497119A CA 497119 A CA497119 A CA 497119A CA 1226441 A CA1226441 A CA 1226441A
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- grinding
- axis
- wheel
- workpiece
- movement
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
An automatic external cylindrical grinding center (10), having a pair of driven grinding wheels (86, 88) capable of straight and angular wheel feed for grinding a workpiece in on-center or chucking configur-ations. The grinding center (10) has a base (16) with a swivel table (20) pivotally mounted thereon. A
longitudinally positionable work head (24) and footstock (26) are mounted on the base (16). A carriage (56) is slidably mounted on ways (52, 54) which extend longi-tudinally on the base (16). A pair of rearward extending ways (72, 74) are provided on top of carriage (56) to support a wheel slide assembly (76) for back and forth movement. a rotatable wheel head (84) is mounted from the wheel slide (76) and supports two driven grinding wheels (86, 88) mounted thereon. The rotatable wheel head (84) is positionable at various positions to bring either grinding wheel (86, 88) into portion for contacting the workpiece. The carriage (56) and wheel slid assembly (76) are movable along their respective axes in response to a programmable controller. The orthogonal feed axes can be selectively programmed to operate independently or simultaneously at independent or related feed rates permitting use of the machine as a straight plunge or an angular feed grinding machine. A carriage transverse guide (66) extending parallel to the longitudinal ways (52, 54) is located to minimize effects of machine base thermal distortions. Two fixed dressing diamonds (36, 38) are mounted to the footstock (26) for dressing the grinding wheels (86, 88). Dressing is accomplished by moving the carriage (56) and wheel slide assembly (76) along a selected path at programmed rates and distances to produce the desired wheel contours.
An automatic external cylindrical grinding center (10), having a pair of driven grinding wheels (86, 88) capable of straight and angular wheel feed for grinding a workpiece in on-center or chucking configur-ations. The grinding center (10) has a base (16) with a swivel table (20) pivotally mounted thereon. A
longitudinally positionable work head (24) and footstock (26) are mounted on the base (16). A carriage (56) is slidably mounted on ways (52, 54) which extend longi-tudinally on the base (16). A pair of rearward extending ways (72, 74) are provided on top of carriage (56) to support a wheel slide assembly (76) for back and forth movement. a rotatable wheel head (84) is mounted from the wheel slide (76) and supports two driven grinding wheels (86, 88) mounted thereon. The rotatable wheel head (84) is positionable at various positions to bring either grinding wheel (86, 88) into portion for contacting the workpiece. The carriage (56) and wheel slid assembly (76) are movable along their respective axes in response to a programmable controller. The orthogonal feed axes can be selectively programmed to operate independently or simultaneously at independent or related feed rates permitting use of the machine as a straight plunge or an angular feed grinding machine. A carriage transverse guide (66) extending parallel to the longitudinal ways (52, 54) is located to minimize effects of machine base thermal distortions. Two fixed dressing diamonds (36, 38) are mounted to the footstock (26) for dressing the grinding wheels (86, 88). Dressing is accomplished by moving the carriage (56) and wheel slide assembly (76) along a selected path at programmed rates and distances to produce the desired wheel contours.
Description
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This invention relates to a ~etl~od and apparatus for dressing a grinding surface particularly having the form of a complex contour on a wheel of a two-axis grinding machine.
This is a division of cop ending Canadian Patent application Serial No. 393,273, filed December 27, 1981.
Angular feed grinding machines are well known in the art. US. Patent No. 4,205,488 is exemplary of an angular feed grinding machine, Straight feed grinding machines are also well known in the art. US. Patent No. 3,076,296 teaches a straight feed grinding machine.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of dressing a complex contour onto a grinding surface of at least one grinding wheel of a two-axis grinding machine for grinding a workups. The method includes the step of causing at least one dressing diamond to traverse the grinding surface of the grinding wheel along a firs axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the workups while simultaneously causing movement of the dressing diamond with respect to the grinding surface along a second of the said axis. The method also includes the step of employing a programmable controller to control the traversing and the movement, to automatically dress a couples contour onto the grinding surface.
The invention further resides in a two axis machine for grinding a workups and including means to support the workups, one grinding wheel which is position able for grinding the workups, and at least a first dressing diamond position able to engage and dress a grinding surface Z26~4~
of the grinding wheel. Means is provided for moving the dressing diamond to traverse the grinding surface of the grinding wheel in a first direction along the z-axis of the grinding wheel, and a programmable controller controls the moving means to provide a simultaneous movement of the grinding wheel with respect to the dressing diamond along both the z-axis and the x-axis so as to dress a desired complex contour into the grinding wheel.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a machine for grinding a workups including a base, a swivel table adjustable mounted on the base with a driven work head disposed on the swivel table and a foot stock disposed on the swivel table for use with the work head to support the workups there between. A wheel head is provided which has at least one independently driven external grinding wheel mounted thereon and is angularly position able to grind the grinding wheel into position for grinding the workups. The machine has at least one dressing diamond supported from the base.
GRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the preferred embodiment exemplary thereof shown in the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a front view of a grinding center of the type which may incorporate the present invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of a grinding machine incorporating the present invention.
Jo lX264~1 Figure 3 is a right side view of the grinding machine.
Figure 4 is a section view taken in figure 2 along the line IVY with some items deleted or shown schematically for clarity:
. Figure 5 is a section view taken in Figure 4 along the line VET
Figure 6 is a section view through the tail stock showing the pair of dressing diamonds;
Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 2 but with the wheel head moved to a position for angle feed of the grinding wheel;
Figure 8 is a section view through the head stock;
Figure 9 is a diagrammatic view of a grinding wheel disposed perpendicular to the front of the grinding center and in position for contour dressing by the pair of dressing diamonds;
Figure 10 is similar to Figure 9 but for a grinding wheel disposed at an angle to the front of the grinding center; and, Figure 11 is a diagrammatic view of a single dressing diamond pivotal supported for movement to offset positions.
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Zulu EAST IDEA FOR CRYING OUT TIRE INVENTION
erroneous no to the drawings, there is shown a dual wheel grinding center 10 constructed according to eye teaching of the resent invention. The disclosed oval wheel automatic external grinding center 10 is capable of both straight and angled wheel feed.
Programmable controller 12 which receives input data through an input station 14 controls various functions of grinding center 10. Grinding center 10 includes a base 16 on which is supported a swivel table 20 and a grinding head assembly So. A fluid coolant system 120 is provided for supplying coolant during operation of grinding center 10. when grinding center 10 is installed, three pads 18 support base 16 from a floor.
Swivel table 20 is mounted to base 10 for adjustable positioning about an axis 21 defined by a pivot connection. Graduated scale 22 is provided to indicate the adjusted position of swivel table 20. Swivel table 20 is adjustable through a 20 range about a longitudinal axis of base 16. A work head 24 and a spaced apart foot stock 26 are supported on swivel table 20. Work head 24 and footsto~k 26 include centers 25 and 27 respectively for supporting a warps there between. Work head 24 includes spindle dry motor 28 which through a belt drive rotates a work driver plate 30 at speeds of 5Q to 1000 rum Work head 24 is supported from a work head support plate 32 and is adjustable fastened by suitable means thereto. Work head support 32 is secured to swivel table 20. The position of work head 24 relative to work plate 32 is manually adjustable about a pivot pin connection 34.
That is, work head 24 can manually be positioned relative to work head plate 32 around pin connection 34. Gradual lions are provided on either side of the zero reference position of worked 24 to facilitate accurate positioning.
The position of work head plate 32 is adjustable long-tudinally along swivel table 20. Thus, work head 24 can ' 1226~4~
Jo used for swather choosing worry or between center work.
Toe worn head is a combination live and dead spindle resign which permits supporting of the workups on dead centers while driving the workups from the work driver slate 30 through a drive dog and drive pin set-up, or operation as a live spindle arrangement while either housing the workups or having it clamped to a face plate.
Work head motor 28, through a plurality of bullets 40, drives a sheave 42~ Sheave I is supported . -:
by bearings from a portion of York head 24 which supports rotor 28. Center 25, which is a $10 Journey, is rotatable supported within this same portion of work head 24. Work shover plate 30 is connected to rotate with sheave 42.
Foot stock 26 is spaced apart from work head 24 on swivel table 20. The position of foot stock 26, like ok head 24, is manually adjustable longitudinally on swivel table 20. Dressing diamonds 36 and 38, as can best be seen in Fig. 8, are provided on foot stock 26.
Supported from base 16 to the rear of swivel tubule I are a pair of longitudinally extending flat carrier ways 52 and 54. Flat carrier ways 52, 54 support sounding assembly 50 for longitudinal movement along base I A Mobil carriage 5Ç is supported from flat ways I -and 54 for sliding movement thrilling. Carriage 56 is position able along ways 52, 54 through a preluded nut 58 and ball screw 60 arrangement. Nut 58 is fastened to carriage 56. Ball screw 60 is rotatable by a carriage drive motor 62. Operation of carriage drive motor 62 rotates ball screw 60 to position carriage 56 along ways I and 54. An optical incremental encoder 64 is connected to carriage drive motor 62 to be driven in unison with ball screw 60 for providing an output which is indicative of the position of carrier 56.
A carrier traverse guide is provided for guiding the movement of carriage 56 along flat ways 52 and 54.
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Carriage guide 66 is engaged by sliding pads 68 and 70 which wire collected Jo carriage 5G As carriage 56 moves along ways 52 and So, pads 68 and 70 egg carriage guide 66 to accurately position carriage 56.
Guide way 66 is accurately positioned toward the front of the grinding machine 10, vertically beneath work head I and foot stock 26. The disclosed means of guiding carriage 56 minimizes effects of thermal and grinding load distortion and permits flat ways 52 and 54 to be utilized in place of the more conventional vie way and flat way arrangement. - -A pair of slide ways 72 and 75 are provided on the top of carriage 56 and extend above and generally orthogonal to carriage ways 52 and 54. Wheel slide 76 is supported from wheel slide ways 72 and 74. Wheel slide 76 is movable back and forth on slide 72 and 74 relative to swivel table 20 by a reloaded nut 78 and ball screw 80 arrangement. Slide 76 is guided from the sides of way 72 for accurate alignment. Wheel slide drive motor 82 is connected to rotate ball screw 80 to move s ire 76 to the desired position. An optical incremental encoder is mounted to servo motor 82 to be driven in unison with ball screw 80 providing an output indicative of the position of wheel slide 76.
feel head assembly I is supported by and rotatable position able on wheel slide 76. Wheel head 84 is angularly position able relative to wheel slide 76 about pivot connection 85. A pair of spaced apart grinding wheels 86 and 88 are mounted on spindles 90 and 92 from wheel head assembly 84. A pair of AC drive motors 94, 96 are mounted to rotate the associated grinding wheels 86, 88 by belt drives through spindles 90, 92. Wheel head 84 can be rotated to a desired position for putting either grinding wheel 86 or 88 in position for performing a desired grind. Appropriate hood arrangements 98 and 100 are provided for providing guards around grinding wheels I
So and 58 respectively. Ball screws 60 and 80 can be drivel either independently or simultaneously at independent or related feed rates to provide complete two axis movement for driven grinding wheels 86, 88. Programmable microcomputer control 12 controls movement of grinding wheels 86, 88 for grinding or dressing.
In the illustrated embodiment grinding wheel 86 is an angle feed wheel head whereas grinding wheel 88 is formed as a straight feed wheel head. Grinding center 10 can be used as a straight plunge grinder or an angle wheel feed grinder or use in a shoulder grinding, through simultaneous two-axis positioning. Drive motors 94 and 96 are 7-l/2 ho AC
rotors which drive grinding wheels 86 and 88 at a speed of approximately 8500 sfpm.
A coolant system 120 is provided having a tank with a 50 gallon capacity and a coolant flow rate of 35 gallons per minute Flexible pipe 122 connects the coolant pump output Jo the wheel head 84 for supplying coolant to the appropriate grinding wheel. Coolant pipe 122 connects into coolant pipes 123, 124 which direct coolant to wheels 88, 86. By an appropriate valve arrangement coolant flow is controlled so it is only directed to the grinding wheel 86, 88 which is in position for grinding. Coolant pipes 123, 124 which supply coolant to grinding wheels 86, 88 are formed to move beneath pipe 122 when wheel head 84 is moved to a selected position.
A Handel 102 through an appropriate gearing arrangement can be used to rotate wheel head 84 around pivot ~Z2~441 connection 86. To position wheel head 84 to a desired position bolted connections holding wheel head 84 to wheel slide 76 are loosened. Handel 102 is then rotated to bring wheel head 84 to the desired position. The fasteners are then tightened holding wheel head 84 and wheel slide 76 for unitary movement. Stops and markings are provided at various positions to provide for exact angular alignment of , wheel head 84 relative to wheel slide 76.
The above-described grinding machine is also described and is claimed in above-identified cop ending parent application Serial No. 393,273.
,iJ,J I_ ~L226~41 g The two fixed drowsy diamonds 36, 38 are mounter to _ootstoc~ 26 for dressing grinding wheels 86 or US. Dressing is accomplished by moving carriage 56 and wheel slide 76 along their axes at programmed rates and distances Jo produce the desired wheel contour which may involve combinations of straight step diameters, angles, chamfers and radii. A programmable microcomputer in controller 12 is utilized for controlling the desired movement of the wheel slide 76 and the associated grinding wheels 86 and 88. Controller 12 is programmable to provide for wheel form dressing of complex grinding wheel shapes including combinations of shoulders, diameters, fillet radii and angles connected at set inflection points.
Figures 9 and 10 are exemplary of the various combinations of shapes which grinding center 10 can produce in grinding wheels 86, 88. It should be clearly understood, however, that these are not the limit of possible shapes and numerous other combinations of shapes can be formed.
The diamond dressing arrangement consists of the two diamonds 36 and 38 which are fixed to foot stock 26 in front of the grinding wheel 86, 88. The two diamonds are offset from each other in the two planes of wheel head axes motions, along the X-axis and Z-axis. The x-axis and taxi offsets ale shown in Figure 9. The right hand dressing diamond 38 is used for all dressing of wheel shapes, which may involve combinations of straight and increasing wheel diameter segments, as the grinding wheel 86, 88 is moved past the diamond 38 in a right to left direction (- z axis direction). The let hand dressing diamond 36 is used for all dressing of wheel shapes when the grinding wheel moves past diamond 36 in a left to right direction (I z axis direction). The wheel dressed shapes may include combinations of straight and increasing diameter segments. Of course, it necessary to achieve the desired shape, the grinding wheel may be also moved intermittently or simultaneously in the front to lZ2644~
rear direction (x-axis direction).
Tile x-axis offset and the z-axis offset are mozzarella 'my touching off with the grinding wheel 86, 88 in the initial set up of grinding center 10. The x-axis and the Zeus offsets are when used to offset controller 12 such that dimensional control and blending of the wheel shape segments dressed by each diamond 36, 38 relative to the other will be achieved automatically.
In actual usage of the two-diamond set up the two diamonds will not wear uniformly and this will change the x-axis and z-axis offsets between the two diamonds 36,-38.
Compensation for this non-uniform diamond wear is easily achieved by adjusting the offsets in controller 12.
kite a two dressing diamond arrangement is presently preferred, the same results could be obtained, as illustrated in Figure 11, with a single diamond 35.
Single diamond 35 is automatically swiveled from a right hand orientation to a left hand orientation when the z-axis direction of grinding wheel movement during dressing changes. Fixed stops are provided for accurately locating dressing diamond 35 in the right hand and left hand positions and the offset between these two positions can be entered into controller 12 as descried previously.
Grinding center 10 has the capacity to grind different configurations using straight and angle wheel setups. Grinding center 10 combines straight slide grinding machine features and angular slide grinding machine features without the need for changing grinding wheels or reshaping grinding wheels. Contour dressing of the grinding wheels is programmable by two-axis motion to produce complex forms and eliminating the necessity for truing devices and form bars. The disclosed carriage guide system for the carriage traverse movement minimizes the effects of thermal and grinding load distortions.
This invention relates to a ~etl~od and apparatus for dressing a grinding surface particularly having the form of a complex contour on a wheel of a two-axis grinding machine.
This is a division of cop ending Canadian Patent application Serial No. 393,273, filed December 27, 1981.
Angular feed grinding machines are well known in the art. US. Patent No. 4,205,488 is exemplary of an angular feed grinding machine, Straight feed grinding machines are also well known in the art. US. Patent No. 3,076,296 teaches a straight feed grinding machine.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of dressing a complex contour onto a grinding surface of at least one grinding wheel of a two-axis grinding machine for grinding a workups. The method includes the step of causing at least one dressing diamond to traverse the grinding surface of the grinding wheel along a firs axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the workups while simultaneously causing movement of the dressing diamond with respect to the grinding surface along a second of the said axis. The method also includes the step of employing a programmable controller to control the traversing and the movement, to automatically dress a couples contour onto the grinding surface.
The invention further resides in a two axis machine for grinding a workups and including means to support the workups, one grinding wheel which is position able for grinding the workups, and at least a first dressing diamond position able to engage and dress a grinding surface Z26~4~
of the grinding wheel. Means is provided for moving the dressing diamond to traverse the grinding surface of the grinding wheel in a first direction along the z-axis of the grinding wheel, and a programmable controller controls the moving means to provide a simultaneous movement of the grinding wheel with respect to the dressing diamond along both the z-axis and the x-axis so as to dress a desired complex contour into the grinding wheel.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a machine for grinding a workups including a base, a swivel table adjustable mounted on the base with a driven work head disposed on the swivel table and a foot stock disposed on the swivel table for use with the work head to support the workups there between. A wheel head is provided which has at least one independently driven external grinding wheel mounted thereon and is angularly position able to grind the grinding wheel into position for grinding the workups. The machine has at least one dressing diamond supported from the base.
GRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the preferred embodiment exemplary thereof shown in the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a front view of a grinding center of the type which may incorporate the present invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of a grinding machine incorporating the present invention.
Jo lX264~1 Figure 3 is a right side view of the grinding machine.
Figure 4 is a section view taken in figure 2 along the line IVY with some items deleted or shown schematically for clarity:
. Figure 5 is a section view taken in Figure 4 along the line VET
Figure 6 is a section view through the tail stock showing the pair of dressing diamonds;
Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 2 but with the wheel head moved to a position for angle feed of the grinding wheel;
Figure 8 is a section view through the head stock;
Figure 9 is a diagrammatic view of a grinding wheel disposed perpendicular to the front of the grinding center and in position for contour dressing by the pair of dressing diamonds;
Figure 10 is similar to Figure 9 but for a grinding wheel disposed at an angle to the front of the grinding center; and, Figure 11 is a diagrammatic view of a single dressing diamond pivotal supported for movement to offset positions.
, I
Zulu EAST IDEA FOR CRYING OUT TIRE INVENTION
erroneous no to the drawings, there is shown a dual wheel grinding center 10 constructed according to eye teaching of the resent invention. The disclosed oval wheel automatic external grinding center 10 is capable of both straight and angled wheel feed.
Programmable controller 12 which receives input data through an input station 14 controls various functions of grinding center 10. Grinding center 10 includes a base 16 on which is supported a swivel table 20 and a grinding head assembly So. A fluid coolant system 120 is provided for supplying coolant during operation of grinding center 10. when grinding center 10 is installed, three pads 18 support base 16 from a floor.
Swivel table 20 is mounted to base 10 for adjustable positioning about an axis 21 defined by a pivot connection. Graduated scale 22 is provided to indicate the adjusted position of swivel table 20. Swivel table 20 is adjustable through a 20 range about a longitudinal axis of base 16. A work head 24 and a spaced apart foot stock 26 are supported on swivel table 20. Work head 24 and footsto~k 26 include centers 25 and 27 respectively for supporting a warps there between. Work head 24 includes spindle dry motor 28 which through a belt drive rotates a work driver plate 30 at speeds of 5Q to 1000 rum Work head 24 is supported from a work head support plate 32 and is adjustable fastened by suitable means thereto. Work head support 32 is secured to swivel table 20. The position of work head 24 relative to work plate 32 is manually adjustable about a pivot pin connection 34.
That is, work head 24 can manually be positioned relative to work head plate 32 around pin connection 34. Gradual lions are provided on either side of the zero reference position of worked 24 to facilitate accurate positioning.
The position of work head plate 32 is adjustable long-tudinally along swivel table 20. Thus, work head 24 can ' 1226~4~
Jo used for swather choosing worry or between center work.
Toe worn head is a combination live and dead spindle resign which permits supporting of the workups on dead centers while driving the workups from the work driver slate 30 through a drive dog and drive pin set-up, or operation as a live spindle arrangement while either housing the workups or having it clamped to a face plate.
Work head motor 28, through a plurality of bullets 40, drives a sheave 42~ Sheave I is supported . -:
by bearings from a portion of York head 24 which supports rotor 28. Center 25, which is a $10 Journey, is rotatable supported within this same portion of work head 24. Work shover plate 30 is connected to rotate with sheave 42.
Foot stock 26 is spaced apart from work head 24 on swivel table 20. The position of foot stock 26, like ok head 24, is manually adjustable longitudinally on swivel table 20. Dressing diamonds 36 and 38, as can best be seen in Fig. 8, are provided on foot stock 26.
Supported from base 16 to the rear of swivel tubule I are a pair of longitudinally extending flat carrier ways 52 and 54. Flat carrier ways 52, 54 support sounding assembly 50 for longitudinal movement along base I A Mobil carriage 5Ç is supported from flat ways I -and 54 for sliding movement thrilling. Carriage 56 is position able along ways 52, 54 through a preluded nut 58 and ball screw 60 arrangement. Nut 58 is fastened to carriage 56. Ball screw 60 is rotatable by a carriage drive motor 62. Operation of carriage drive motor 62 rotates ball screw 60 to position carriage 56 along ways I and 54. An optical incremental encoder 64 is connected to carriage drive motor 62 to be driven in unison with ball screw 60 for providing an output which is indicative of the position of carrier 56.
A carrier traverse guide is provided for guiding the movement of carriage 56 along flat ways 52 and 54.
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Carriage guide 66 is engaged by sliding pads 68 and 70 which wire collected Jo carriage 5G As carriage 56 moves along ways 52 and So, pads 68 and 70 egg carriage guide 66 to accurately position carriage 56.
Guide way 66 is accurately positioned toward the front of the grinding machine 10, vertically beneath work head I and foot stock 26. The disclosed means of guiding carriage 56 minimizes effects of thermal and grinding load distortion and permits flat ways 52 and 54 to be utilized in place of the more conventional vie way and flat way arrangement. - -A pair of slide ways 72 and 75 are provided on the top of carriage 56 and extend above and generally orthogonal to carriage ways 52 and 54. Wheel slide 76 is supported from wheel slide ways 72 and 74. Wheel slide 76 is movable back and forth on slide 72 and 74 relative to swivel table 20 by a reloaded nut 78 and ball screw 80 arrangement. Slide 76 is guided from the sides of way 72 for accurate alignment. Wheel slide drive motor 82 is connected to rotate ball screw 80 to move s ire 76 to the desired position. An optical incremental encoder is mounted to servo motor 82 to be driven in unison with ball screw 80 providing an output indicative of the position of wheel slide 76.
feel head assembly I is supported by and rotatable position able on wheel slide 76. Wheel head 84 is angularly position able relative to wheel slide 76 about pivot connection 85. A pair of spaced apart grinding wheels 86 and 88 are mounted on spindles 90 and 92 from wheel head assembly 84. A pair of AC drive motors 94, 96 are mounted to rotate the associated grinding wheels 86, 88 by belt drives through spindles 90, 92. Wheel head 84 can be rotated to a desired position for putting either grinding wheel 86 or 88 in position for performing a desired grind. Appropriate hood arrangements 98 and 100 are provided for providing guards around grinding wheels I
So and 58 respectively. Ball screws 60 and 80 can be drivel either independently or simultaneously at independent or related feed rates to provide complete two axis movement for driven grinding wheels 86, 88. Programmable microcomputer control 12 controls movement of grinding wheels 86, 88 for grinding or dressing.
In the illustrated embodiment grinding wheel 86 is an angle feed wheel head whereas grinding wheel 88 is formed as a straight feed wheel head. Grinding center 10 can be used as a straight plunge grinder or an angle wheel feed grinder or use in a shoulder grinding, through simultaneous two-axis positioning. Drive motors 94 and 96 are 7-l/2 ho AC
rotors which drive grinding wheels 86 and 88 at a speed of approximately 8500 sfpm.
A coolant system 120 is provided having a tank with a 50 gallon capacity and a coolant flow rate of 35 gallons per minute Flexible pipe 122 connects the coolant pump output Jo the wheel head 84 for supplying coolant to the appropriate grinding wheel. Coolant pipe 122 connects into coolant pipes 123, 124 which direct coolant to wheels 88, 86. By an appropriate valve arrangement coolant flow is controlled so it is only directed to the grinding wheel 86, 88 which is in position for grinding. Coolant pipes 123, 124 which supply coolant to grinding wheels 86, 88 are formed to move beneath pipe 122 when wheel head 84 is moved to a selected position.
A Handel 102 through an appropriate gearing arrangement can be used to rotate wheel head 84 around pivot ~Z2~441 connection 86. To position wheel head 84 to a desired position bolted connections holding wheel head 84 to wheel slide 76 are loosened. Handel 102 is then rotated to bring wheel head 84 to the desired position. The fasteners are then tightened holding wheel head 84 and wheel slide 76 for unitary movement. Stops and markings are provided at various positions to provide for exact angular alignment of , wheel head 84 relative to wheel slide 76.
The above-described grinding machine is also described and is claimed in above-identified cop ending parent application Serial No. 393,273.
,iJ,J I_ ~L226~41 g The two fixed drowsy diamonds 36, 38 are mounter to _ootstoc~ 26 for dressing grinding wheels 86 or US. Dressing is accomplished by moving carriage 56 and wheel slide 76 along their axes at programmed rates and distances Jo produce the desired wheel contour which may involve combinations of straight step diameters, angles, chamfers and radii. A programmable microcomputer in controller 12 is utilized for controlling the desired movement of the wheel slide 76 and the associated grinding wheels 86 and 88. Controller 12 is programmable to provide for wheel form dressing of complex grinding wheel shapes including combinations of shoulders, diameters, fillet radii and angles connected at set inflection points.
Figures 9 and 10 are exemplary of the various combinations of shapes which grinding center 10 can produce in grinding wheels 86, 88. It should be clearly understood, however, that these are not the limit of possible shapes and numerous other combinations of shapes can be formed.
The diamond dressing arrangement consists of the two diamonds 36 and 38 which are fixed to foot stock 26 in front of the grinding wheel 86, 88. The two diamonds are offset from each other in the two planes of wheel head axes motions, along the X-axis and Z-axis. The x-axis and taxi offsets ale shown in Figure 9. The right hand dressing diamond 38 is used for all dressing of wheel shapes, which may involve combinations of straight and increasing wheel diameter segments, as the grinding wheel 86, 88 is moved past the diamond 38 in a right to left direction (- z axis direction). The let hand dressing diamond 36 is used for all dressing of wheel shapes when the grinding wheel moves past diamond 36 in a left to right direction (I z axis direction). The wheel dressed shapes may include combinations of straight and increasing diameter segments. Of course, it necessary to achieve the desired shape, the grinding wheel may be also moved intermittently or simultaneously in the front to lZ2644~
rear direction (x-axis direction).
Tile x-axis offset and the z-axis offset are mozzarella 'my touching off with the grinding wheel 86, 88 in the initial set up of grinding center 10. The x-axis and the Zeus offsets are when used to offset controller 12 such that dimensional control and blending of the wheel shape segments dressed by each diamond 36, 38 relative to the other will be achieved automatically.
In actual usage of the two-diamond set up the two diamonds will not wear uniformly and this will change the x-axis and z-axis offsets between the two diamonds 36,-38.
Compensation for this non-uniform diamond wear is easily achieved by adjusting the offsets in controller 12.
kite a two dressing diamond arrangement is presently preferred, the same results could be obtained, as illustrated in Figure 11, with a single diamond 35.
Single diamond 35 is automatically swiveled from a right hand orientation to a left hand orientation when the z-axis direction of grinding wheel movement during dressing changes. Fixed stops are provided for accurately locating dressing diamond 35 in the right hand and left hand positions and the offset between these two positions can be entered into controller 12 as descried previously.
Grinding center 10 has the capacity to grind different configurations using straight and angle wheel setups. Grinding center 10 combines straight slide grinding machine features and angular slide grinding machine features without the need for changing grinding wheels or reshaping grinding wheels. Contour dressing of the grinding wheels is programmable by two-axis motion to produce complex forms and eliminating the necessity for truing devices and form bars. The disclosed carriage guide system for the carriage traverse movement minimizes the effects of thermal and grinding load distortions.
Claims (21)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of dressing a complex contour onto a grinding surface of at least one grinding wheel of a two-axis grinding machine for grinding a workpiece; the steps which comprise;
causing at least one dressing diamond to traverse the grinding surface of said grinding wheel along a first said axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece while simultaneously causing movement of said dressing diamond with respect to said grinding surface along a second said axis; and employing a programmable controller to control said traversing and said movement, to automatically dress a complex contour onto said grinding surface.
causing at least one dressing diamond to traverse the grinding surface of said grinding wheel along a first said axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece while simultaneously causing movement of said dressing diamond with respect to said grinding surface along a second said axis; and employing a programmable controller to control said traversing and said movement, to automatically dress a complex contour onto said grinding surface.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said programmable controller is a CNC controller.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein there are two dressing diamonds.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein said grinding machine includes a base, and said dressing diamond is supported from said base.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein said grinding machine includes means to support said workpiece comprising a headstock and a footstock, and said dressing diamond is supported from said means.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein said means to support the workpiece are mounted on a moveable carriage and movement of said dressing diamond with respect to said grinding wheel along said first axis is effected by movement of said carriage in response to said programmable controller.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein said grinding wheel is mounted in an assembly which is slideably mounted for movement along said second axis, and said movement of said dressing diamond with respect to said grinding surface along said second axis is effected by movement of said assembly in response to said programmable controller.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein said grinding wheel is mounted in an assembly which is slideably mounted on carriage means which can be moved parallel to said first axis and said second axis, and said movement of said dressing diamond with respect to said grinding surface along both said axies is effected by movement of said carriage in response to said programmable controller.
9. The method according to claim 6 wherein said grinding machine includes means to support said workpiece com-prising a headstock and a footstock, and said dressing diamond is supported from said means.
10. The method according to claim 8 wherein said grinding machine includes means to support said workpiece com-prising a headstock and a footstock, and said dressing diamond is supported from said means.
11. In combination with a two axis machine for grinding a workpiece and having a x-axis and a z-axis, said machine comprising means to support the workpiece, one grinding wheel which is positionable for grinding the workpiece; and at least a first dressing diamond positionable to engage and dress a grinding surface of said grinding wheel;
the improvement which comprises means for moving said dressing diamond to traverse the grinding surface of said grinding wheel in a first direction along the z-axis of said grinding machine and in a second direction along the x-axis of said grinding machine, and a programmable controller for controlling said moving means, to provide predetermined simultaneous movement of said grinding wheel with respect to said dressing diamond along both the z-axis and the x-axis, to dress a desired complex contour into said grinding wheel.
the improvement which comprises means for moving said dressing diamond to traverse the grinding surface of said grinding wheel in a first direction along the z-axis of said grinding machine and in a second direction along the x-axis of said grinding machine, and a programmable controller for controlling said moving means, to provide predetermined simultaneous movement of said grinding wheel with respect to said dressing diamond along both the z-axis and the x-axis, to dress a desired complex contour into said grinding wheel.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said programmable controller is a CNC controller.
13. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein there are two dressing diamonds.
14. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said grinding machine includes a base, and said dressing diamond is supported from said base.
15. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said grinding machine includes means to support said workpiece comprising a headstock and a footstock, and said dressing diamond is supported from said means.
16. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said means to support the workpiece are mounted on a moveable carriage and movement of said dressing diamond with respect to said grinding wheel along said z-axis is controlled by movement of said carriage in response to said programmable controller.
17. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said grinding wheel is mounted in an assembly which is slideably mounted for movement along said x-axis, and said movement of said dressing diamond with respect to said grinding surface along said x-axis is controlled by movement of said assembly in response to said programmable controller.
18. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said grinding wheel is mounted in an assembly which is slideably mounted on carriage means which can be moved parallel to said first axis and said second axis, and said movement of said dressing diamond with respect to said grinding surface along both said axies is effected by movement of said carriage in response to said programmable controller.
19. The apparatus according to claim 16 wherein said grinding machine includes means to support said workpiece comprising a head stock and a footstock, and said dressing diamond is supported from said means.
20. The apparatus according to claim 18 wherein said grinding machine includes means to support said workpiece comprising a headstock and a footstock, and said dressing diamond is supported from said means.
21. In combination with a machine for grinding a workpiece and having an x-axis and a z-axis, the machine com-prising a base (16), a swivel table (20) adjustably mounted on the base, a driven work head (24) disposed on the swivel table, a footstock (26) disposed on the swivel table for use with the work head to support the workpiece therebetween, a wheel head (84) having at least one independently driven external grinding wheel (86) mounted thereon and which is angularly posi-tionable to grind said grinding wheel into position for grinding the workpiece; at least a first dressing diamond (36) supported from said base, means for moving said dressing diamond to traverse a grinding surface of said grinding wheel in a first direction along the z-axis of said grinding machine and in a second direction along the x-axis of said grinding machine, and a programmable controller for controlling said moving means, to provide pre-determined simultaneous movement of said grinding wheel with respect to said dressing diamond along both the z-axis and the x-axis to dress a desired complex contour into the grinding wheel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000497119A CA1226441A (en) | 1981-01-26 | 1985-12-06 | Method and apparatus for dressing workpiece |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/228,424 US4443975A (en) | 1981-01-26 | 1981-01-26 | Dual wheel cylindrical grinding center |
| US228,424 | 1981-01-26 | ||
| CA000393273A CA1200979A (en) | 1981-01-26 | 1981-12-29 | Dual wheel cylindrical grinding center |
| CA000497119A CA1226441A (en) | 1981-01-26 | 1985-12-06 | Method and apparatus for dressing workpiece |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000393273A Division CA1200979A (en) | 1981-01-26 | 1981-12-29 | Dual wheel cylindrical grinding center |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1226441A true CA1226441A (en) | 1987-09-08 |
Family
ID=25669517
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000497119A Expired CA1226441A (en) | 1981-01-26 | 1985-12-06 | Method and apparatus for dressing workpiece |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1226441A (en) |
-
1985
- 1985-12-06 CA CA000497119A patent/CA1226441A/en not_active Expired
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |