CA1225856A - Twin wicketing bag machine - Google Patents
Twin wicketing bag machineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1225856A CA1225856A CA000461154A CA461154A CA1225856A CA 1225856 A CA1225856 A CA 1225856A CA 000461154 A CA000461154 A CA 000461154A CA 461154 A CA461154 A CA 461154A CA 1225856 A CA1225856 A CA 1225856A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- web
- perforating
- stacking
- segments
- stack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
- B31B70/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
- B31B70/16—Cutting webs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B2160/00—Shape of flexible containers
- B31B2160/10—Shape of flexible containers rectangular and flat, i.e. without structural provision for thickness of contents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
- B31B70/74—Auxiliary operations
- B31B70/92—Delivering
- B31B70/98—Delivering in stacks or bundles
- B31B70/984—Stacking bags on wicket pins
Landscapes
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure This application discloses a method and apparatus for converting thermoplastic web material, flat or tubular, to produce bags. A conventional bag machine produces web segments provided with a group of centrally located holes and each segment is transferred by a conventional rotary transfer device to one of a plurality of platforms which are sequentially located at a stacking station. The platforms are provided with upwardly projecting pins on which the web section are stacked.
After the accumulation of a desired number of web segments on the platform located at the stacking station, the loaded platform is indexed away from the stacking station to a perforating station and then to a cutting or cutting and blocking station to thereby produce two bag stacks, each of which are retained on the associated platform by the pins.
After the accumulation of a desired number of web segments on the platform located at the stacking station, the loaded platform is indexed away from the stacking station to a perforating station and then to a cutting or cutting and blocking station to thereby produce two bag stacks, each of which are retained on the associated platform by the pins.
Description
~5~
This invention relates to equipment for converting thermoplastic films and more particularly to converting equipment and that produced thermoplastic bags.
The dlsclosure of the present application is related to and is an improvement to the subject matter disclosed in Canadian patent application Serial No.
386,727, filed September 25, 1981, now Patent No.
1,161,679, issued February 7, 1984.
This patent discloses a bag making procedure in which the elongate strip of thermoplastic web is provided with lines of perforation located centrally of the web strip. Each segment produced by the action of the seal bar contains the centrally located lines of perforation. In transporting the web segment by a rotary transfer device, from the pickup station to the stacking station containing the upwardly projecting pins, partial or full separation along a line of perforation sometimes occurs. If full separation occurs while the web segment is in transit to the stacking station, stacking of that web segment cannot be achieved since registration with the stacking post is no longer possible. In the event partial separation occurs and stacking on the post lS achieved a portion of that web segment may not lie in a position to produce a bag stack having the edges of each individual hag overlying each other.
According to the present invention, the web . ~ .
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segments transferred to the stacking posts are absent of any perforation and thus clearly obviate the problem of premature, partial or total tea-ing along the lines of perforation. In fulfilling this feature, the present invention proposes to effect perforation o~ a complete stack of web segments while they are retained on the stacking posts or pins.
According to another aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided for perforating a plurality of web segments provided with holes receiving stacking posts serving to retain the segments in a stack. The apparatus comprises a pair of simultaneously operable linear actuators mounted on a support located above the stack and through which the output rods project. A crosshead is fixed to the actuator rods. Means is carried by the crosshead for compressing the stack. Means is also carried by the crossheads for perforating the stack while compressed to provide a line of weakening to facilitate separation of a portion of the web segment.
According to another aspect of the invention, perforating apparatus for perforating a plurality of previously mechanically manipulated and stacked layers of thermoplastic web material comprises means for stationarily supporting the plurality of stacked layers of thermoplastic material, manipulating, stacking and conveying means for conveying the stacked layers to the stationary supporting means, means for perforating the thermoplastic material along spaced parallel lines while disposed on the supporting means, means for mounting said perforating means, said mounting means including a holder carrying said perforating means, means connected to said holder for reciprocating said perforating means to penetrate all layers of the thermoplastic material to effect perforation thereof, said advancing means being operable to withdraw said perforating means after perforation is effected, means for heating said perforating means to a temperature below the melting temperature of said ~hermoplastlc web material to thereby facilitate penetration of the thermopIastic material ~ `
: ~ ,:.. ,,: ,, -3a- ~S8~
without joining the plurality of layers, said perforating means comprising an elongate flat blade-like member clamped to a recess formed in said holder and provided with series of slots interrupting the leading sharpened edge thereof to thereby produce a series o~ incisions and uncut bond portions being sufficiently weak to allow easy separation of a layer of thermoplastic material.
According to another aspect of the invention, in a bag making apparatus of the type wherein an elongate strip of thermoplastic web material is processed to produce web segments of equal dimension and wherein the segments, as they are produced, are transferred in an arcuate path in which a stacking plate, mounting upwardly projecting pins penetrate through the medial reglon of the segments, accumulates a desired quantity of overlapplng segments, the improvement in said apparatus comprises means, operable after displacing the stacking plate carrying the desired quantity of accumulated web segments from the arcuate path, for producing two spaced lines of perforations in the medial region of the accumulated segments, said means for producing the lines of perforation dividing each segment into two bags.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method of preparing a stack of substantially similarly shaped web segments, accumulated on a stacking device mounting upwardly projecting pins penetrating the central medial strip of web segments as they are successively placed on the stacking device to define, from each web segment, two bags, said method comprises transferring a succession of individual web segments in a substantially planar condition and in an arcuate path so that the segments are substantially normal to the projecting pins when penetration occurs, arresting transfer of the web segments after accumulation of a predetermined number of web segments, displacing the stacking device carrying the predetermined number of web segments to a perforating device, and perforating the web segments along lines located adjacent to and on either side of the projecting .
:
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-3b-pins to thereby define two bags from each segment in the stack.
According to another aspect of the invention, an improved bag making machine for manufacturing bags from a thermoplastic web material comprises a rotary transfer device for use in grasping and transferring non-perforated web segments successively from a pickup station on to a stacking station, the stacking station including a.n intermittently operating endless conveyor carrying a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart stacking devices having sets of stacking pins for use in impaling successive non-perforated web segments deposited thereon through complementary holes provided in a medium strip of each non-perforated web segment, the conveyor intermittently positioning each successive empty stacking device in the path of the rotary transfer device and concurrently moving the immediate filled stacking device containing a layer of predetermined number of stacked non-perforated web segments impaled on the stacking pins upstream out of the path of the rotary transfer device to a perforating station, the perforating station including a perforating apparatus having a pair of perforating knives positioned above the stacking device filled with non-perforated segments impaled on the stacking pins moved by the conveyor from the stacking station to the perforating station, means for moving the pair of perforating knives downwardly and piercing the layer of stacked web segments and forming two parallel lines of perforations extending longitudinally with respect to the movement of the conveyor and spaced laterally outwardly from the stacking pins and defining a stack of non-severed siamese bags impaled on laterally opposite outward sides of the stacking pins.
According to a further aspect of the invention, bag making apparatus for producing plastic bags from web segments, each web segment of a predetermi~ed size dimensioned to produce two bags, said apparatus comprises elonga~e upstanding members arranged to hold a layer of unperforated web segments as a stack, perforating means ,, ~
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for producing two parallel, spaced lines of perforations in the stack of web segments, characterized in that the perforating means is located so that perforation operation is effected on the stack of web segments while the stack of segments are held in registry by said upstanding members, producing a stack of non-severed siamese bags held by said upstanding members.
Canadian patent application No. 386,727, filed on September 25, 1981, now Patent No. 1,161,679, issued on ~0 February 7, 1984 discloses in Figures 9 and 10, a cutting station substantially similar to the cutting station disclosed herein.
Figures lA and lB, considered together, is a side elevation of a web processing machine constructed and operating in accordance with the principles of the present invention, Figure 2 is a perspective illustrating the mechanism involved for transferring a web segment from a transfer station to the stacking station, Figure 3 is a perspective illustrating a stack of web segments deposited on pins carried by a stacking plate, Figure 4 is similar to Figure 3 but additionally shows the perforating knives after perforation of the stacked web segments has occurred, Figure 5 illustrates the web segments being cut between the pins by a knife to produce two bag stacks, Figure 6 is a side elevation of the knife supporting and actuating means, -~
.
, : :
~t~ 356 Figure 7 i~ a ~ction of Figure 6 taken ~bstantially along the line 7 7.
Figure 8 i~ an elevation of the perforating mechanism, and Figure 9 i~ a side view of Figure 8 a~ viewad along the line 9 9.
Referxing first to Figure lA it will be seen that a web roll WR i~ mounted on a tran~verse ~haft 20 rotatably ~upported by an unwind stand 22 carried by a frame structure 24. The web ~rip unwound from the web roll WR pa~ses over a series of rolls collectively identified by the numeral 26 and then progre~ses over a serial of roll6 rotatably mounted in a tower structure 28 ~hich includes gu~eting device~ 30. Unreeling of the web strip from the web roll i~ accompli~hed by drive ~oll 32 and therea~ter the web i6 pa6sed over ~ serie6 of roll~
co~pri6ing a web tens~oning device 34. A ~urning roll 36 direct~ the web strip to draw roll~ 37 which are ~ntermittently operated by the drive of a bag machine 38.
The thermopla~tic ~ ilm ~F i~ advanced by the draw roll~ to ~ severing and ~aling station ~0 and the po~tio of web advanced i6 momentarily retained on a seri~
helts 42 generally descrihing a triangular path ~n~
defining a transfer station TS. On creation ~ a web segment WS located at the trans~er tati~n ~FI~. 2), a rotary transfer mechani6m 44, which include& a plurality of regularly spaced r~dially exteding tubular bar6 46, connected through a~hub~48 ~o a source of vacuum, ~ngages .
.
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and retains a web ~egment at the tran~fer station and translates it through an arc for reception by one of a sexies of stacking devices 50 located at a stacking ~tation 52.
Reference to Figure 3 will reveal one ~tyle of web ~egment in which each segment haR a central medial strip 55 removed from one panel and the remaining panel is provided with four holes 54 through which project stacking pins or posts 56 projecting upwardly and f ixed to a base plate of the 6tacking device~ 50. The po6t~ 56 are located to correspond to the spaciny of ~he hole~ 54 ~o that each web segment i8 retained on the stacking device~
50 by the posts 56. During machine operation a ~elected number of web segments are stacked on the ~tacking devices 50 and when the predetexmined number of web segment6 ha been ~tacked operation of the bag machine 38 i6 arrested and concurrently therewith a succe~ive s~acking device 50 i8 positioned at the stacking st~tion 52~
Reference to Figure lB will r0veal the provision o~ a conveyor 58 that i8 int~rmittently driven by drive mechanism 60 such that the upper reach of the conveyor i~
incrementally advanced from right to left a~ viewed in Figure lB. Also, as revealed by this Figure, the stacking devices 50 are mounted on the conveyor and successive 6tacking devices are positio~ed at the stack~ng station 52 for a period of time required to accumulate a selected number of web segments .
In accordance with the priNciple feature of the , present invention the problem of premature partial or complete detachmen~ of a portion of a web segment WS, along a line of perforation, does not arise since the web segments produced by the bag machine do not include perforations. Accordingly, forces created by air pressure in the course of transferring a web segment by the transfer device 44 from the transfer station TS to the stacking station 52 is easily tolerated by the web segment. As will be explained presently, the bag stacks produced include perforations but their creation occurs while a stack of web segments is retained on the stacking posts 56 carried by the stacking devices 50.
Further processing of the web segments WS to produce two perforated bag stacks from each group of web segments is achieved by perforating means 62 and cutting means 64 being carried by a frame structure 66 straddling and overlying the conveyor 58 The cutting means 64 are in substantial respects ~imilar to the cutting means disclosed in the above referenced Canadian patent application 386,727, now Patent No. 1,161,679 issued February 7, 1984. During the time when a stack of web segments is being accumulated on the stacking device 50 located at the stacking station 52, the conveyor 58 is inactive. During this time period the perforating means 62 and the cutting means 64 are rendered operative, sequentially or concurrently, to effect, respectively, perforation and separation of the accumulated web segments to produce two individual bag stacks each of which contain a line of perforation.
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The preferred construction of the perforating means 62 is shown in Figures 8 and 9 and comprises linear actuators 68 secured to a flat plate 70 which is in turn adjustably secured to horizontal supports 72 (Figure lB) of the frame structure 66. The plate 70 is provided with bores through which extend the rods 74 of the linear actuator 68. The extremity of each rod 74 is fixed to a crosshead 76 carrying downwardly projecting perforating knife holders 78. The knife holders 78 are secured to the crossheads 76 by a series of bolts 80 passing through insulating spacer blocks 82 and threaded into the perforating knife holders 78. Perforating knives 84 are secured to the holders 78 by a series of fasteners 86 and the perforating knives 84 extend beyond the holders 78 sufficient to penetrate a stack of web segments. Figure 8 shows the general configuration of each of the perforating knives, and it will be seen that each knife is provided with a series of slots 88 creating an interruption in the line of cut defined by a cutting edge 90 which may take the form of a jagged edge which experience has shown requires less force to penetrate each stack of web segments. To enhance penetration of the knife 84 each o~ the perforating knife holders 78 is provided with a slug heater ~2 which can be energized to produce a given temperature to each of the knives 84. ~eating of the knives 84 has been found to reduce the amount of force necessary to penetrate a stack of web segments and yet the tendency to form a blocked stack does not arise when a sufficiently low temperature~
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level i~ ~elected.
Bef~re the perforating knives 84 make contact with the uppermost ~eb seg~ent of the ~tack of ~egments, ~eans 94 are provided for compre~sing the ~tack to p~eYen~
upward bulging of the stack when the knives ~4 come i~to pre~sure engagement with the stac~. Afi shown in Figure. B
and 9 the compres~ing means 94 include ~longate off~et bar~ 96 which are fiub~tantially equal in leng*h to the perforating ~nive~ 84 and make contact with the ~tack adja~ent the line of perforation e~tablished by the knive~
84. The bar~ 96 are connected to the cro~head 76 by spring bia~ed rod~ 98 which slidably extend through bu~hings 100 ~ounted in the crosshead 76. A ~top ~ember 102 is ~ecured to the upper end of th~ rod 9B by a ~astener 104 to limit and retain the rod~ 98 in the bu~hing6 100.
According to the ~bove describad arrange~ent whe~
the actuator 68 ~ energi~ed ~o e~fect operation of the perforating mean~ 62 the elongate bars 96 co~e in contact with the stack o ~eb ~egment~ ~orcing them downwardly onto the stacking devices 50 and immediately ~hereafter the perforating knives R4 penetrate and accordingly perforate the ~ack ~f web seg~ents.
In order to ~nhance the longev~ty o~ ~h~ knives 84 the sta king devices 50 are provided with i~8ert8 106 which can be made o~ wood or pla~tic material which will allow penetration of the knive~ 84 and yet have a ~inimal e~fect $n rendering the cutting edge of the knives dull.
-As ShGWn in F'igure 2 the cutting ~eans 64 i~located down~trea~ and adjacent the perforating mean~ 62 and if desired ~h~ perforating means and the cutting ~ean~
can be actuat~d ~imultaneously or ~equentially at the option of the user. Figure~ 6 and 7 illu~trate the c~ttin~ mean 64 in greater detail and it will be ~een to compri~e linear actuator~ 108 also mounted on the fla~
plate 70 being suitably bor~d to accommodate reciprocating movement of rods 110 having their lower ends threaded to lQ re~eive a nut 112 fa6~ening the rods to a cro~head 114.
A knife holder 116 i~ in ~urn connected to ~he cro~shead 11~ by bolts 11~ extending ~hrough insulatin~ ~pacer~
120. In ~imilar respect~ ~he cutting mean& i6 provided with stack compxe6sing m~an~ 122 which include pres6er bar~ 124 rigidly connected to rod~ 126 having th~ir upper end6 slidably dispo~ed, by mean~ o~ bushings 128, to the crosshead 114. T~nsion springs 130 are associated with ~ach of the rod and ~erve to bias the pre~ser b~r~ 124 downwardly.
. The knife holder 116 i~ ~or~ed to r~c~ive and retain a cutting knife 132 and rod heater~ 134 serving to heat the knife 132 to a de~ired te~p~ratuxe to ~acilitate cutting ~ the web ~egulent~, while they ~re retain~d ~
the pins 56, into two bag ~tacks each o~ which lnclud~ a line of per~oration pr~viou61y made by the p~rforatin~
~cans 62. A8 with the p~rf orating ~ean~, cuttlng ~eans 64 includes, in the 6tacking device 50, an in~ert 136 selected o~ a material ~uch as previou61y indicated to ~`
~ ~2~5~j prevent dulling of the cutting edge of the kni~e 132. The knife i32 is retainPd in the holder 116 by a plurality of fastener~ 13B.
Re~erence to figures 3, ~ and 5 ~how6 the condition of a stac~ of web 6egments at the stacking station 52, the perforating station 62 and the cutting station 64. When the conveyor po itions a ~tack of web ~egment~ WS at the perforating BtatiOn 62 and the actuator~ 68 are operated to drive the perforating knives 84 to cut the ~eb ~egment~, lines o p~r~oration ~5 are produced adjacent the stacking post6 56. A6 previou~ly mentioned, ~he cutting station 64, operating the parting knife 132 may be concurrently or ~ub~equently operated to produce two bag stacks BS by cutting the web ~egments along a line PS, located b~tween the ~tacking posts 56.
In view of the above de6cribed construction of the mode of operation of the over-all machine, and ~ore particularly the perforating means 62 a~d the cutting ~eans 64, it ~hould be evident ~hat per~orming the perforating and cutting ~unc~ion after a ~elected number of web segments have been ~tacked the problem of the prior art of premature separation along one or more lines o~
perforation formed in the web ~eg~ent be~ore stacking do~s not arl~e.
.
~, .
This invention relates to equipment for converting thermoplastic films and more particularly to converting equipment and that produced thermoplastic bags.
The dlsclosure of the present application is related to and is an improvement to the subject matter disclosed in Canadian patent application Serial No.
386,727, filed September 25, 1981, now Patent No.
1,161,679, issued February 7, 1984.
This patent discloses a bag making procedure in which the elongate strip of thermoplastic web is provided with lines of perforation located centrally of the web strip. Each segment produced by the action of the seal bar contains the centrally located lines of perforation. In transporting the web segment by a rotary transfer device, from the pickup station to the stacking station containing the upwardly projecting pins, partial or full separation along a line of perforation sometimes occurs. If full separation occurs while the web segment is in transit to the stacking station, stacking of that web segment cannot be achieved since registration with the stacking post is no longer possible. In the event partial separation occurs and stacking on the post lS achieved a portion of that web segment may not lie in a position to produce a bag stack having the edges of each individual hag overlying each other.
According to the present invention, the web . ~ .
.
.
~ -3- ~ 5~
segments transferred to the stacking posts are absent of any perforation and thus clearly obviate the problem of premature, partial or total tea-ing along the lines of perforation. In fulfilling this feature, the present invention proposes to effect perforation o~ a complete stack of web segments while they are retained on the stacking posts or pins.
According to another aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided for perforating a plurality of web segments provided with holes receiving stacking posts serving to retain the segments in a stack. The apparatus comprises a pair of simultaneously operable linear actuators mounted on a support located above the stack and through which the output rods project. A crosshead is fixed to the actuator rods. Means is carried by the crosshead for compressing the stack. Means is also carried by the crossheads for perforating the stack while compressed to provide a line of weakening to facilitate separation of a portion of the web segment.
According to another aspect of the invention, perforating apparatus for perforating a plurality of previously mechanically manipulated and stacked layers of thermoplastic web material comprises means for stationarily supporting the plurality of stacked layers of thermoplastic material, manipulating, stacking and conveying means for conveying the stacked layers to the stationary supporting means, means for perforating the thermoplastic material along spaced parallel lines while disposed on the supporting means, means for mounting said perforating means, said mounting means including a holder carrying said perforating means, means connected to said holder for reciprocating said perforating means to penetrate all layers of the thermoplastic material to effect perforation thereof, said advancing means being operable to withdraw said perforating means after perforation is effected, means for heating said perforating means to a temperature below the melting temperature of said ~hermoplastlc web material to thereby facilitate penetration of the thermopIastic material ~ `
: ~ ,:.. ,,: ,, -3a- ~S8~
without joining the plurality of layers, said perforating means comprising an elongate flat blade-like member clamped to a recess formed in said holder and provided with series of slots interrupting the leading sharpened edge thereof to thereby produce a series o~ incisions and uncut bond portions being sufficiently weak to allow easy separation of a layer of thermoplastic material.
According to another aspect of the invention, in a bag making apparatus of the type wherein an elongate strip of thermoplastic web material is processed to produce web segments of equal dimension and wherein the segments, as they are produced, are transferred in an arcuate path in which a stacking plate, mounting upwardly projecting pins penetrate through the medial reglon of the segments, accumulates a desired quantity of overlapplng segments, the improvement in said apparatus comprises means, operable after displacing the stacking plate carrying the desired quantity of accumulated web segments from the arcuate path, for producing two spaced lines of perforations in the medial region of the accumulated segments, said means for producing the lines of perforation dividing each segment into two bags.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method of preparing a stack of substantially similarly shaped web segments, accumulated on a stacking device mounting upwardly projecting pins penetrating the central medial strip of web segments as they are successively placed on the stacking device to define, from each web segment, two bags, said method comprises transferring a succession of individual web segments in a substantially planar condition and in an arcuate path so that the segments are substantially normal to the projecting pins when penetration occurs, arresting transfer of the web segments after accumulation of a predetermined number of web segments, displacing the stacking device carrying the predetermined number of web segments to a perforating device, and perforating the web segments along lines located adjacent to and on either side of the projecting .
:
`. ~ . . :, , , . ... ..
.
-3b-pins to thereby define two bags from each segment in the stack.
According to another aspect of the invention, an improved bag making machine for manufacturing bags from a thermoplastic web material comprises a rotary transfer device for use in grasping and transferring non-perforated web segments successively from a pickup station on to a stacking station, the stacking station including a.n intermittently operating endless conveyor carrying a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart stacking devices having sets of stacking pins for use in impaling successive non-perforated web segments deposited thereon through complementary holes provided in a medium strip of each non-perforated web segment, the conveyor intermittently positioning each successive empty stacking device in the path of the rotary transfer device and concurrently moving the immediate filled stacking device containing a layer of predetermined number of stacked non-perforated web segments impaled on the stacking pins upstream out of the path of the rotary transfer device to a perforating station, the perforating station including a perforating apparatus having a pair of perforating knives positioned above the stacking device filled with non-perforated segments impaled on the stacking pins moved by the conveyor from the stacking station to the perforating station, means for moving the pair of perforating knives downwardly and piercing the layer of stacked web segments and forming two parallel lines of perforations extending longitudinally with respect to the movement of the conveyor and spaced laterally outwardly from the stacking pins and defining a stack of non-severed siamese bags impaled on laterally opposite outward sides of the stacking pins.
According to a further aspect of the invention, bag making apparatus for producing plastic bags from web segments, each web segment of a predetermi~ed size dimensioned to produce two bags, said apparatus comprises elonga~e upstanding members arranged to hold a layer of unperforated web segments as a stack, perforating means ,, ~
.~ . , :
: :
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for producing two parallel, spaced lines of perforations in the stack of web segments, characterized in that the perforating means is located so that perforation operation is effected on the stack of web segments while the stack of segments are held in registry by said upstanding members, producing a stack of non-severed siamese bags held by said upstanding members.
Canadian patent application No. 386,727, filed on September 25, 1981, now Patent No. 1,161,679, issued on ~0 February 7, 1984 discloses in Figures 9 and 10, a cutting station substantially similar to the cutting station disclosed herein.
Figures lA and lB, considered together, is a side elevation of a web processing machine constructed and operating in accordance with the principles of the present invention, Figure 2 is a perspective illustrating the mechanism involved for transferring a web segment from a transfer station to the stacking station, Figure 3 is a perspective illustrating a stack of web segments deposited on pins carried by a stacking plate, Figure 4 is similar to Figure 3 but additionally shows the perforating knives after perforation of the stacked web segments has occurred, Figure 5 illustrates the web segments being cut between the pins by a knife to produce two bag stacks, Figure 6 is a side elevation of the knife supporting and actuating means, -~
.
, : :
~t~ 356 Figure 7 i~ a ~ction of Figure 6 taken ~bstantially along the line 7 7.
Figure 8 i~ an elevation of the perforating mechanism, and Figure 9 i~ a side view of Figure 8 a~ viewad along the line 9 9.
Referxing first to Figure lA it will be seen that a web roll WR i~ mounted on a tran~verse ~haft 20 rotatably ~upported by an unwind stand 22 carried by a frame structure 24. The web ~rip unwound from the web roll WR pa~ses over a series of rolls collectively identified by the numeral 26 and then progre~ses over a serial of roll6 rotatably mounted in a tower structure 28 ~hich includes gu~eting device~ 30. Unreeling of the web strip from the web roll i~ accompli~hed by drive ~oll 32 and therea~ter the web i6 pa6sed over ~ serie6 of roll~
co~pri6ing a web tens~oning device 34. A ~urning roll 36 direct~ the web strip to draw roll~ 37 which are ~ntermittently operated by the drive of a bag machine 38.
The thermopla~tic ~ ilm ~F i~ advanced by the draw roll~ to ~ severing and ~aling station ~0 and the po~tio of web advanced i6 momentarily retained on a seri~
helts 42 generally descrihing a triangular path ~n~
defining a transfer station TS. On creation ~ a web segment WS located at the trans~er tati~n ~FI~. 2), a rotary transfer mechani6m 44, which include& a plurality of regularly spaced r~dially exteding tubular bar6 46, connected through a~hub~48 ~o a source of vacuum, ~ngages .
.
~ ' ;, ' ~' ' ' :
, - ~:
~X~5~35~
and retains a web ~egment at the tran~fer station and translates it through an arc for reception by one of a sexies of stacking devices 50 located at a stacking ~tation 52.
Reference to Figure 3 will reveal one ~tyle of web ~egment in which each segment haR a central medial strip 55 removed from one panel and the remaining panel is provided with four holes 54 through which project stacking pins or posts 56 projecting upwardly and f ixed to a base plate of the 6tacking device~ 50. The po6t~ 56 are located to correspond to the spaciny of ~he hole~ 54 ~o that each web segment i8 retained on the stacking device~
50 by the posts 56. During machine operation a ~elected number of web segments are stacked on the ~tacking devices 50 and when the predetexmined number of web segment6 ha been ~tacked operation of the bag machine 38 i6 arrested and concurrently therewith a succe~ive s~acking device 50 i8 positioned at the stacking st~tion 52~
Reference to Figure lB will r0veal the provision o~ a conveyor 58 that i8 int~rmittently driven by drive mechanism 60 such that the upper reach of the conveyor i~
incrementally advanced from right to left a~ viewed in Figure lB. Also, as revealed by this Figure, the stacking devices 50 are mounted on the conveyor and successive 6tacking devices are positio~ed at the stack~ng station 52 for a period of time required to accumulate a selected number of web segments .
In accordance with the priNciple feature of the , present invention the problem of premature partial or complete detachmen~ of a portion of a web segment WS, along a line of perforation, does not arise since the web segments produced by the bag machine do not include perforations. Accordingly, forces created by air pressure in the course of transferring a web segment by the transfer device 44 from the transfer station TS to the stacking station 52 is easily tolerated by the web segment. As will be explained presently, the bag stacks produced include perforations but their creation occurs while a stack of web segments is retained on the stacking posts 56 carried by the stacking devices 50.
Further processing of the web segments WS to produce two perforated bag stacks from each group of web segments is achieved by perforating means 62 and cutting means 64 being carried by a frame structure 66 straddling and overlying the conveyor 58 The cutting means 64 are in substantial respects ~imilar to the cutting means disclosed in the above referenced Canadian patent application 386,727, now Patent No. 1,161,679 issued February 7, 1984. During the time when a stack of web segments is being accumulated on the stacking device 50 located at the stacking station 52, the conveyor 58 is inactive. During this time period the perforating means 62 and the cutting means 64 are rendered operative, sequentially or concurrently, to effect, respectively, perforation and separation of the accumulated web segments to produce two individual bag stacks each of which contain a line of perforation.
.
.
-7- ~25~
The preferred construction of the perforating means 62 is shown in Figures 8 and 9 and comprises linear actuators 68 secured to a flat plate 70 which is in turn adjustably secured to horizontal supports 72 (Figure lB) of the frame structure 66. The plate 70 is provided with bores through which extend the rods 74 of the linear actuator 68. The extremity of each rod 74 is fixed to a crosshead 76 carrying downwardly projecting perforating knife holders 78. The knife holders 78 are secured to the crossheads 76 by a series of bolts 80 passing through insulating spacer blocks 82 and threaded into the perforating knife holders 78. Perforating knives 84 are secured to the holders 78 by a series of fasteners 86 and the perforating knives 84 extend beyond the holders 78 sufficient to penetrate a stack of web segments. Figure 8 shows the general configuration of each of the perforating knives, and it will be seen that each knife is provided with a series of slots 88 creating an interruption in the line of cut defined by a cutting edge 90 which may take the form of a jagged edge which experience has shown requires less force to penetrate each stack of web segments. To enhance penetration of the knife 84 each o~ the perforating knife holders 78 is provided with a slug heater ~2 which can be energized to produce a given temperature to each of the knives 84. ~eating of the knives 84 has been found to reduce the amount of force necessary to penetrate a stack of web segments and yet the tendency to form a blocked stack does not arise when a sufficiently low temperature~
~ ~25~
level i~ ~elected.
Bef~re the perforating knives 84 make contact with the uppermost ~eb seg~ent of the ~tack of ~egments, ~eans 94 are provided for compre~sing the ~tack to p~eYen~
upward bulging of the stack when the knives ~4 come i~to pre~sure engagement with the stac~. Afi shown in Figure. B
and 9 the compres~ing means 94 include ~longate off~et bar~ 96 which are fiub~tantially equal in leng*h to the perforating ~nive~ 84 and make contact with the ~tack adja~ent the line of perforation e~tablished by the knive~
84. The bar~ 96 are connected to the cro~head 76 by spring bia~ed rod~ 98 which slidably extend through bu~hings 100 ~ounted in the crosshead 76. A ~top ~ember 102 is ~ecured to the upper end of th~ rod 9B by a ~astener 104 to limit and retain the rod~ 98 in the bu~hing6 100.
According to the ~bove describad arrange~ent whe~
the actuator 68 ~ energi~ed ~o e~fect operation of the perforating mean~ 62 the elongate bars 96 co~e in contact with the stack o ~eb ~egment~ ~orcing them downwardly onto the stacking devices 50 and immediately ~hereafter the perforating knives R4 penetrate and accordingly perforate the ~ack ~f web seg~ents.
In order to ~nhance the longev~ty o~ ~h~ knives 84 the sta king devices 50 are provided with i~8ert8 106 which can be made o~ wood or pla~tic material which will allow penetration of the knive~ 84 and yet have a ~inimal e~fect $n rendering the cutting edge of the knives dull.
-As ShGWn in F'igure 2 the cutting ~eans 64 i~located down~trea~ and adjacent the perforating mean~ 62 and if desired ~h~ perforating means and the cutting ~ean~
can be actuat~d ~imultaneously or ~equentially at the option of the user. Figure~ 6 and 7 illu~trate the c~ttin~ mean 64 in greater detail and it will be ~een to compri~e linear actuator~ 108 also mounted on the fla~
plate 70 being suitably bor~d to accommodate reciprocating movement of rods 110 having their lower ends threaded to lQ re~eive a nut 112 fa6~ening the rods to a cro~head 114.
A knife holder 116 i~ in ~urn connected to ~he cro~shead 11~ by bolts 11~ extending ~hrough insulatin~ ~pacer~
120. In ~imilar respect~ ~he cutting mean& i6 provided with stack compxe6sing m~an~ 122 which include pres6er bar~ 124 rigidly connected to rod~ 126 having th~ir upper end6 slidably dispo~ed, by mean~ o~ bushings 128, to the crosshead 114. T~nsion springs 130 are associated with ~ach of the rod and ~erve to bias the pre~ser b~r~ 124 downwardly.
. The knife holder 116 i~ ~or~ed to r~c~ive and retain a cutting knife 132 and rod heater~ 134 serving to heat the knife 132 to a de~ired te~p~ratuxe to ~acilitate cutting ~ the web ~egulent~, while they ~re retain~d ~
the pins 56, into two bag ~tacks each o~ which lnclud~ a line of per~oration pr~viou61y made by the p~rforatin~
~cans 62. A8 with the p~rf orating ~ean~, cuttlng ~eans 64 includes, in the 6tacking device 50, an in~ert 136 selected o~ a material ~uch as previou61y indicated to ~`
~ ~2~5~j prevent dulling of the cutting edge of the kni~e 132. The knife i32 is retainPd in the holder 116 by a plurality of fastener~ 13B.
Re~erence to figures 3, ~ and 5 ~how6 the condition of a stac~ of web 6egments at the stacking station 52, the perforating station 62 and the cutting station 64. When the conveyor po itions a ~tack of web ~egment~ WS at the perforating BtatiOn 62 and the actuator~ 68 are operated to drive the perforating knives 84 to cut the ~eb ~egment~, lines o p~r~oration ~5 are produced adjacent the stacking post6 56. A6 previou~ly mentioned, ~he cutting station 64, operating the parting knife 132 may be concurrently or ~ub~equently operated to produce two bag stacks BS by cutting the web ~egments along a line PS, located b~tween the ~tacking posts 56.
In view of the above de6cribed construction of the mode of operation of the over-all machine, and ~ore particularly the perforating means 62 a~d the cutting ~eans 64, it ~hould be evident ~hat per~orming the perforating and cutting ~unc~ion after a ~elected number of web segments have been ~tacked the problem of the prior art of premature separation along one or more lines o~
perforation formed in the web ~eg~ent be~ore stacking do~s not arl~e.
.
~, .
Claims (20)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a bag making apparatus of the type for processing an elongate strip of thermoplastic web material being operative to divide the web in segments of equal dimensions and provide each segment with at least two apertures located adjacent to and on either side of in the longitudinal medium of each segment, the segments on being produced are transferred to a stacking device provided with stacking posts on which successive segments are stacked on posts projecting through the apertures, the improvement in said apparatus comprising means operative while a stack of segments is retained on said stacking device for producing lines of perforation dividing each segment to define two bags.
2. An apparatus for perforating plurality of web segments provided with holes receiving stacking posts serving to retain the segments in a stack, said apparatus comprising a pair of simultaneously operable linear actuators mounted on a support located above the stack and through which the output rods project, a crosshead fixed to the actuator rods, means carried by said crosshead for compressing the stack, and means also carried by said crosshead for perforating the stack while compressed to provide a line of weakening to facilitate separation of a portion of the web segment.
3. A perforating apparatus for perforating a plurality of previously mechanically manipulated and stacked layers of thermoplastic web material comprising means for stationarily supporting the plurality of stacked layers of thermoplastic material, manipulating, stacking and conveying means for conveying the stacked layers to the stationary supporting means, means for perforating the thermoplastic material along spaced parallel lines while disposed on the supporting means, means for mounting said perforating means, said mounting means including a holder carrying said perforating means, means connected to said holder for reciprocating said perforating means to penetrate all layers of the thermoplastic material to effect perforation thereof, said advancing means being operable to withdraw said perforating means after perforation is effected, means for heating said perforating means to a temperature below the melting temperature of said thermoplastic web material to thereby facilitate penetration of the thermoplastic material without joining the plurality of layers, said perforating means comprising an elongate flat blade-like member clamped to a recess formed in said holder and provided with series of slots interrupting the leading sharpened edge thereof to thereby produce a series of incisions and uncut bond portions being sufficiently weak to allow easy separation of a layer of thermoplastic material.
4. The perforating apparatus of claim 3 further comprising means carried by said mounting means for compressing said layers of thermoplastic material along a line adjacent the line of perforations, said compressing means operating to engage the thermoplastic material before it is engaged by said perforating means.
5. The bag making apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said stacking devices have mounted thereon a pair of stacking posts located on each side of its longitudinal median and said web segment are provided with apertures conforming in number and spacing to said pair of stacking posts, said perforating means being positioned to produce perforations along lines adjacent said posts.
6. The bag making apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising means for cutting the perforated stack of segments while on said stacking device to produce two discrete bag stacks.
7. In a bag making apparatus of the type wherein an elongated strip of thermoplastic web material is processed to produce web segments of equal dimension and wherein the segments, as they are produced, are transferred in an arcuate path in which a stacking plate, mounting upwardly projecting pins penetrate through the medial region of the segments, accumulates a desired quantity of overlapping segments, the improvement in said apparatus comprising means, operable after displacing the stacking plate carrying the desired quantity of accumulated web segments from the arcuate path, for producing two spaced lines of perforations in the medial region of the accumulated segments, said means for producing the lines of perforation dividing each segment into two bags.
8. The apparatus of claim 3 further including means for conveying the stack to and from said supporting means in a direction parallel to said parallel lines of perforations.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 further including means for severing the plurality of layers along a line parallel to and between said perforations, thereby to separate each web segment of the stack into two bags.
10. A method of preparing a stack of substantially similarly-shaped web segments, accumulated on a stacking device mounting upwardly projecting pins penetrating the central medial strip of web segments as they are successively placed on the stacking device to define, from each web segment, two bags, said method comprising transferring a succession of individual web segments in a substantially planar condition and in an arcuate path so that the segments are substantially normal to the projecting pins when penetration occurs, arresting transfer of the web segments after accumulation of a predetermined number of web segments, displacing the stacking device carrying the predetermined number of web segments to a perforating device, and perforating the web segments along lines located adjacent to and on either side of the projecting pins to thereby define two bags from each segment in the stack.
11. The method of claim 10 including the further step of severing the stack of web segments along a line between said projecting pins to provide two bags from each said segment each having a perforation line thereon.
12. The method of claim 10 including the further step of heating said perforating device.
13. An improved bag making machine for manufacturing bags from a thermoplastic web material comprising a rotary transfer device for use in grasping and transferring non-perforated web segments successively from a pickup station on to a stacking station, the stacking station including an intermittently operating endless conveyor carrying a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart stacking devices having sets of stacking pins for use in impaling successive non-perforated web segments deposited thereon through complementary holes provided in a medium strip of each non-perforated web segment, the conveyor intermittently positioning each successive empty stacking device in the path of the rotary transfer device and concurrently moving the immediate filled stacking device containing a layer of predetermined number of stacked non-perforated web segments impaled on the stacking pins upstream out of the path of the rotary transfer device to a perforating station, the perforating station including a perforating apparatus having a pair of perforating knives positioned above the stacking device filled with non-perforated segments impaled on the stacking pins moved by the conveyor from the stacking station to the perforating station, means for moving the pair of perforating knives downwardly and piercing the layer of stacked web segments and forming two parallel lines of perforations extending longitudinally with respect to the movement of the conveyor and spaced laterally outwardly from the stacking pins and defining a stack of non-severed siamese bags impaled on laterally opposite outward sides of the stacking pins.
14. An improved bag making machine according to claim 13 wherein the perforating station further includes a cutting apparatus having a cutting blade means extending along a median line laterally inwardly of the stacking pins and parallel to the parallel lines of perforations for use in separating the siamese bags into two stacks of bags with each stack of bags impaled on respective stacking pins with the respective lines of perforations of each stack of bags spaced laterally outwardly from the respective stacking pins.
15. An improved bag making machine according to claim 13 and further comprising a cutting station downstream of the perforating station, the cutting station including a cutting apparatus positioned above a stack of perforated siamese bags impaled on the stacking pins delivered thereunder by the conveyor from the perforating station, the cutting apparatus having a cutting knife for use in separating the siamese bags along a median line laterally inwardly of the stacking pins into two stacks of bags with each stack of bags impaled on respective stacking pins and each line of perforation extending parallel to and spaced laterally outwardly from the respective stacking pins.
16. An improved bag making machine according to claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the perforating apparatus comprises two parallel perforating knives having interrupted cutting edges positioned laterally outwardly of the stacking pins, and a means for heating the perforating knives to a temperature below the melting temperature of the thermoplastic web material for facilitating penetration of the interrupted cutting edges through the thermoplastic web material without melting and joining the layer of stacked web segments impaled on the stacking pins.
17. An improved bag making machine according to claim 14 or claim 15, further comprising a resilient pad mounted to each of the stacking devices vertically aligned below the cutting edge of each of the knives for use in protecting the cutting edges of the knives following the penetration of the layer of web material.
18. Bag making apparatus for producing plastic bags from web segments, each web segment of a predetermined size dimensioned to produce two bags, said apparatus comprising elongate upstanding members arranged to hold a layer of unperforated web segments as a stack, perforating means for producing two parallel, spaced lines of perforations in the stack of web segments, characterized in that the perforating means is located so that perforation operation is effected on the stack of web segments while the stack of segments are held in registry by said upstanding members, producing a stack of non-severed siamese bags held by said upstanding members.
19. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized by means operable on the unperforated web segment for providing each unperforated web segment with at least two apertures located adjacent to and on either side of the median, considered in the longitudinal direction of the web, of each unperforated web segment, the unperforated web segments produced being transferred successively to a stacking device incorporating the said upstanding members on which the successive unperforated web segments are stacked in a layer, the upstanding members extending through the aligned apertures of the stacked unperforated web segments.
20. Apparatus according to claim 18 or claim 19, characterized in that the perforating means are operative while the layer of unperforated web segments is retained on said stacking device for producing parallel lines of perforation enabling subsequent division of each web segment along the lines of perforation to define two bags.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US52892683A | 1983-09-02 | 1983-09-02 | |
| US528,926 | 1990-05-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1225856A true CA1225856A (en) | 1987-08-25 |
Family
ID=24107788
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000461154A Expired CA1225856A (en) | 1983-09-02 | 1984-08-16 | Twin wicketing bag machine |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP0134711B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0649346B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU570707B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8404370A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1225856A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3470012D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES535585A0 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB2145658B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4668148A (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1987-05-26 | Fmc Corporation | Sheet stacking and transferring device |
| US4699607A (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1987-10-13 | Fmc Corporation | Method and apparatus for producing bags |
| CA1291771C (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1991-11-05 | Rene F. Debin | Zero cycle interrupt wicket stacker |
| FR2607798B1 (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1990-03-30 | Schisler Cie Europ Emballages | MACHINE FOR HANDLING FLAT ITEMS, ESPECIALLY BAGS OR BAGS AT THE OUTPUT OF A MANUFACTURING MACHINE |
| EP0337039A1 (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1989-10-18 | C.E.E.- Compagnie Europeenne Des Emballages Robert Schisler | Machine for handling flat articles, particularly small paper bags, at the exit of a production machine |
| BR112012005902B1 (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2019-09-17 | Basf Se | IT Chelate Catalyst Formulation, Use of the IT Chelate Catalyst Formulation, Polymerizable Composition, Process for Polymerization of Compounds, Use of Polymerizable Composition, Coated Substrate, and Polymerized or Re-Compounded Composition |
| KR101882045B1 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2018-07-25 | 바스프 에스이 | Photo-latent titanium-oxo-chelate catalysts |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5520856B2 (en) * | 1971-08-17 | 1980-06-05 | ||
| GB1434395A (en) * | 1972-07-03 | 1976-05-05 | Joice R L | Stacking machine |
| DE2254448A1 (en) * | 1972-11-07 | 1974-05-22 | Windmoeller & Hoelscher | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BAG BLOCKS FROM THERMOPLASTIC PLASTIC |
| DE2302477C3 (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1981-03-26 | Stiegler GmbH Maschinenfabrik, 73635 Rudersberg | Device for conveying a stack made up of foil-shaped sections |
| DE2526014C2 (en) * | 1975-06-11 | 1988-04-14 | Hans 5216 Niederkassel Lehmacher | Process for the manufacture of side-welded carrier bags in pairs |
| BE885414A (en) * | 1980-09-26 | 1981-03-26 | Fmc Europe | DEVICE FOR STACKING PLASTIC BAGS |
| US4500307A (en) * | 1981-10-23 | 1985-02-19 | Bridgeman Danial N P | Apparatus for producing continuous bags of thin wall material |
-
1984
- 1984-08-03 AU AU31475/84A patent/AU570707B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-08-13 EP EP84305500A patent/EP0134711B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-13 EP EP86112290A patent/EP0215394B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-13 GB GB08420542A patent/GB2145658B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-13 DE DE8484305500T patent/DE3470012D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-16 CA CA000461154A patent/CA1225856A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-31 JP JP59180838A patent/JPH0649346B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-08-31 BR BR8404370A patent/BR8404370A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-08-31 ES ES535585A patent/ES535585A0/en active Granted
-
1986
- 1986-08-22 GB GB08620452A patent/GB2179887B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3470012D1 (en) | 1988-04-28 |
| EP0134711B1 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| ES8505582A1 (en) | 1985-06-01 |
| EP0134711A3 (en) | 1985-04-17 |
| EP0215394B1 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
| GB2179887A (en) | 1987-03-18 |
| BR8404370A (en) | 1985-07-30 |
| GB2179887B (en) | 1988-06-15 |
| GB2145658A (en) | 1985-04-03 |
| AU3147584A (en) | 1985-03-07 |
| EP0134711A2 (en) | 1985-03-20 |
| AU570707B2 (en) | 1988-03-24 |
| EP0215394A1 (en) | 1987-03-25 |
| GB8620452D0 (en) | 1986-10-01 |
| ES535585A0 (en) | 1985-06-01 |
| GB8420542D0 (en) | 1984-09-19 |
| JPS6076331A (en) | 1985-04-30 |
| GB2145658B (en) | 1988-06-29 |
| JPH0649346B2 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
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