CA1219471A - Sintered metal body with at least one toothing - Google Patents
Sintered metal body with at least one toothingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1219471A CA1219471A CA000452306A CA452306A CA1219471A CA 1219471 A CA1219471 A CA 1219471A CA 000452306 A CA000452306 A CA 000452306A CA 452306 A CA452306 A CA 452306A CA 1219471 A CA1219471 A CA 1219471A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- toothing
- blank
- sintered metal
- metal body
- gears
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
- B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/06—Use of materials; Use of treatments of toothed members or worms to affect their intrinsic material properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
- B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
- B21H5/022—Finishing gear teeth with cylindrical outline, e.g. burnishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention concerns a sintered metal body with at least one tooth structure formed in a blank (1) (with or without pre-toothing) by metal forming. In accordance with the invention, it is suggested that the final tooth form (5,6,7) be rolled into the blank (1). It was discovered, surprisingly, that the desired toothing, for instance the tooth forms usually used for highly-stressed toothed gears such as involutes, cycloids and epicycloids, as used for example on bevel gears, particularly curved-toothed bevel gears, can be rolled into the blank (Figure 2).
The invention concerns a sintered metal body with at least one tooth structure formed in a blank (1) (with or without pre-toothing) by metal forming. In accordance with the invention, it is suggested that the final tooth form (5,6,7) be rolled into the blank (1). It was discovered, surprisingly, that the desired toothing, for instance the tooth forms usually used for highly-stressed toothed gears such as involutes, cycloids and epicycloids, as used for example on bevel gears, particularly curved-toothed bevel gears, can be rolled into the blank (Figure 2).
Description
3~
The invention concerns a sintered metal body with at least one tooth structure formed in a blank, with or without pre-toothing, by metal forming.
In the DE-PS 26 59 733, a toothed sintered metal body is described, in which the toothing is formed in the blank by metal forming. According to this process, toothed gears are manu-factured with a profile shift which changes continuously and uniformly from one front face of the toothing to the other front face with a bevelled enveloped surface of the toothing. For this purpose a master gear is made by a cutting process, then from the master gear, using an image-forming manufacturing process, a die is manufactured, and the toothing of the gear is produced in the die under heat by a shapinq process, wherein a prescribed final temperature at the end of the shaping process is strictly adhered to, and wherein the contraction of and the modular change in -the toothing upon cooling of the workpiece from the prescribed final temperature are compensated by corresponding admeasures in the master gear. Thus the toothed gear produced in the die is cali-brated to the nominal dimensions usir~g a calibrated die which is manufactured by an image-forming manufacturing process from a second master gear made by a cutting process. In the course of manufacture of the toothed gear by a sintering process, the con-traction of and the modular change in the toothing during sintering and cooling of the workpiece are corrected for in the master gear by the corresponding admeasure. Based on the suggested measures, by which the toothed gear is forged in a process using an initial master gear and the manufacture of a die from this master gear, 3?t~7~
wherein the contraction of and the modular change in the toothing is taken into consideration, and by which the toothed gear is calibrated in a calibrating die manufactured according to a second master gear, which deviates from the ini.tial master gear, it is possible, with good tool-life of the dies, to manu~acture gears with a very high degree of precision. The process involves very high costs of production however and is only likely to be applic-able in special cases.
As is known from the United S-tates Patent 3,772,935, it is also possible to form the toothing in a blank made of sintered metal material by metal forming ~see Figures 5, 6 and the corre-sponding description). In accordance with this/ a type of stamping tool is used to press the material into a form, in order to pro-duce the workpiece. The teeth can be subsequently ground or cut, that is, they require a finish machining process.
According to a procedure described in "Machine Design", 1972, pages 72-76, the final tooth form in a pre-toothed sintered metal blank is achieved by one or more metal forming processes.
The object of the invention is to produce from a sintered metal body a toothed gear capable of withstanding high degrees of stress, to which the strength limitations existing in toothed gears manufactured by powder-metallurgical processes for example do not apply, and in which the tooth geometry is not a limiting factor.
The ~resent invention provides a method of producing a sintered metal body with at least one tooth formation thereof, said method comprising the s-teps of: (a) providing a sintered metal body blank; and (b) roll forming said blank to produce said final tooth form.
Considering the known properties of too-thed gears manu-factured by powder-metallurgical processes, the opinion in pro-fessional circles was that highly-stressed gears, such as those used in gear boxes of automobiles, could only be manufactured by conventional processes, for instance by a cu-tting and/or grinding process, particularly since the cold forminq of gears in solid blanks had proved to be unsatisfactory.
Surprisingly, however, it was discovered that, starting from a blank made of sintered material, the desired toothing, for instance the tooth forms usually used for highly-stressed toothed gears, such as involutes, cycloids, epicycloids, as used for example on bevel gears r particularly hypoid or curved-tooth bevel gears, can be manufactured by rollinq the toothing into the sintered metal blank. It was discovered surprisingly enough, that because of the space which can be filled up inside such sintered material blanks, it is possible to displace the material itself in forming the toothing into the blank, whereby advantageous work~hardening occurs in the region of the teeth, a fact that is of great advan-tage particularly for highly-stressed gears. It has been shown, for instance, that the strength of the rolled flanks of the teeth and that of the dedendum of toothed pinions made for automobiles in accordance with the invention are fully comparable or conform with those of toothed gears manufactured by conventional gear form-ing processes. Thus the strength limitations applying to gears manufactured by powder-metallurgical processes are overcome.
7~
Further, however, the tooth geometry is not a limitation in the process of the invention, so that the relevant limitation applying to gears manufactured by powder-metallurgical processes is equally no longer present.
The invention has shown that not only can toothed gears, for example, such as pinions, cylinder gears and bevel gears be manufactured, but also other bodies with toothings, for instance splined shafts, and worm gears as used for example for plastics extruders.
During the forming process, therefore, compression of the material takes place, which becomes apparent in the region of the teeth, particularly at the top and on both flanks of the teeth and the tooth bottom or dedendum, by the high degree of strength of the rolled flanks of the teeth and the dedendum.
The invention is illustrated - partly schematically - in the drawings which show an embodiment of the invention given by way of example only. In the drawings:-Figure 1 shows a body made of a suitable sintered material, cylindrically formed on its outer surface.
Figure 2 shows a fixture for rolling, viewed from the top.
Figure 3 is a front view of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a sectional representation o-f a sintered metal body with one toothing, shown on a large scale.
The drawings illustrates the invention as applied to the manufacture of cylindrical toothed gears which have, for example, an involute tooth form.
~19 ~
It was found in all cases, that even under a small load (roll pressure), the sintered material flows at the highest possible rate. The effect of the speed of rotation is siqnificant-ly greater in the case of sintered materials, in comparison with carbon steels. The reason for this is to be found in the different structure.
Reference number 1 refers to a blank made of a suitable sintered material, which in the version shown is of a cylindrical form. The toothing is to be formed into this cylindrical blank by a cold forming process.
For this purpose, the blank 1 is mounted between centres (not shown in the drawing). The longitudinal axis of the blank 1 is, for example, parallel to and in the same plane as the longitu-dinal axes of the two tools 2 and 3, of which one at least is driven by a motor.
Both tools 2 and 3 are provided with a suitable profile corresponding to the desired tooth form. In the constructional form illustrated, the axis of tool 2 is stationary, while tool 3 can be moved in direction of the arrows. A hydraulic cylinder (not shown) moves tool 3, which is supported in a carriage, towards the blank 1 until both tools 2 and 3 penetrate into the blank 1 and the tooth form is produced by cold forming. The blank 1 is set into rotation by frictional resistance. In this way it is possible to cold form the toothing in one operation.
The invention concerns a sintered metal body with at least one tooth structure formed in a blank, with or without pre-toothing, by metal forming.
In the DE-PS 26 59 733, a toothed sintered metal body is described, in which the toothing is formed in the blank by metal forming. According to this process, toothed gears are manu-factured with a profile shift which changes continuously and uniformly from one front face of the toothing to the other front face with a bevelled enveloped surface of the toothing. For this purpose a master gear is made by a cutting process, then from the master gear, using an image-forming manufacturing process, a die is manufactured, and the toothing of the gear is produced in the die under heat by a shapinq process, wherein a prescribed final temperature at the end of the shaping process is strictly adhered to, and wherein the contraction of and the modular change in -the toothing upon cooling of the workpiece from the prescribed final temperature are compensated by corresponding admeasures in the master gear. Thus the toothed gear produced in the die is cali-brated to the nominal dimensions usir~g a calibrated die which is manufactured by an image-forming manufacturing process from a second master gear made by a cutting process. In the course of manufacture of the toothed gear by a sintering process, the con-traction of and the modular change in the toothing during sintering and cooling of the workpiece are corrected for in the master gear by the corresponding admeasure. Based on the suggested measures, by which the toothed gear is forged in a process using an initial master gear and the manufacture of a die from this master gear, 3?t~7~
wherein the contraction of and the modular change in the toothing is taken into consideration, and by which the toothed gear is calibrated in a calibrating die manufactured according to a second master gear, which deviates from the ini.tial master gear, it is possible, with good tool-life of the dies, to manu~acture gears with a very high degree of precision. The process involves very high costs of production however and is only likely to be applic-able in special cases.
As is known from the United S-tates Patent 3,772,935, it is also possible to form the toothing in a blank made of sintered metal material by metal forming ~see Figures 5, 6 and the corre-sponding description). In accordance with this/ a type of stamping tool is used to press the material into a form, in order to pro-duce the workpiece. The teeth can be subsequently ground or cut, that is, they require a finish machining process.
According to a procedure described in "Machine Design", 1972, pages 72-76, the final tooth form in a pre-toothed sintered metal blank is achieved by one or more metal forming processes.
The object of the invention is to produce from a sintered metal body a toothed gear capable of withstanding high degrees of stress, to which the strength limitations existing in toothed gears manufactured by powder-metallurgical processes for example do not apply, and in which the tooth geometry is not a limiting factor.
The ~resent invention provides a method of producing a sintered metal body with at least one tooth formation thereof, said method comprising the s-teps of: (a) providing a sintered metal body blank; and (b) roll forming said blank to produce said final tooth form.
Considering the known properties of too-thed gears manu-factured by powder-metallurgical processes, the opinion in pro-fessional circles was that highly-stressed gears, such as those used in gear boxes of automobiles, could only be manufactured by conventional processes, for instance by a cu-tting and/or grinding process, particularly since the cold forminq of gears in solid blanks had proved to be unsatisfactory.
Surprisingly, however, it was discovered that, starting from a blank made of sintered material, the desired toothing, for instance the tooth forms usually used for highly-stressed toothed gears, such as involutes, cycloids, epicycloids, as used for example on bevel gears r particularly hypoid or curved-tooth bevel gears, can be manufactured by rollinq the toothing into the sintered metal blank. It was discovered surprisingly enough, that because of the space which can be filled up inside such sintered material blanks, it is possible to displace the material itself in forming the toothing into the blank, whereby advantageous work~hardening occurs in the region of the teeth, a fact that is of great advan-tage particularly for highly-stressed gears. It has been shown, for instance, that the strength of the rolled flanks of the teeth and that of the dedendum of toothed pinions made for automobiles in accordance with the invention are fully comparable or conform with those of toothed gears manufactured by conventional gear form-ing processes. Thus the strength limitations applying to gears manufactured by powder-metallurgical processes are overcome.
7~
Further, however, the tooth geometry is not a limitation in the process of the invention, so that the relevant limitation applying to gears manufactured by powder-metallurgical processes is equally no longer present.
The invention has shown that not only can toothed gears, for example, such as pinions, cylinder gears and bevel gears be manufactured, but also other bodies with toothings, for instance splined shafts, and worm gears as used for example for plastics extruders.
During the forming process, therefore, compression of the material takes place, which becomes apparent in the region of the teeth, particularly at the top and on both flanks of the teeth and the tooth bottom or dedendum, by the high degree of strength of the rolled flanks of the teeth and the dedendum.
The invention is illustrated - partly schematically - in the drawings which show an embodiment of the invention given by way of example only. In the drawings:-Figure 1 shows a body made of a suitable sintered material, cylindrically formed on its outer surface.
Figure 2 shows a fixture for rolling, viewed from the top.
Figure 3 is a front view of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a sectional representation o-f a sintered metal body with one toothing, shown on a large scale.
The drawings illustrates the invention as applied to the manufacture of cylindrical toothed gears which have, for example, an involute tooth form.
~19 ~
It was found in all cases, that even under a small load (roll pressure), the sintered material flows at the highest possible rate. The effect of the speed of rotation is siqnificant-ly greater in the case of sintered materials, in comparison with carbon steels. The reason for this is to be found in the different structure.
Reference number 1 refers to a blank made of a suitable sintered material, which in the version shown is of a cylindrical form. The toothing is to be formed into this cylindrical blank by a cold forming process.
For this purpose, the blank 1 is mounted between centres (not shown in the drawing). The longitudinal axis of the blank 1 is, for example, parallel to and in the same plane as the longitu-dinal axes of the two tools 2 and 3, of which one at least is driven by a motor.
Both tools 2 and 3 are provided with a suitable profile corresponding to the desired tooth form. In the constructional form illustrated, the axis of tool 2 is stationary, while tool 3 can be moved in direction of the arrows. A hydraulic cylinder (not shown) moves tool 3, which is supported in a carriage, towards the blank 1 until both tools 2 and 3 penetrate into the blank 1 and the tooth form is produced by cold forming. The blank 1 is set into rotation by frictional resistance. In this way it is possible to cold form the toothing in one operation.
Claims (3)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of producing a sintered metal body with at least one tooth formation thereof, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a sintered metal body blank; and (b) roll forming said blank to produce said final tooth form.
(a) providing a sintered metal body blank; and (b) roll forming said blank to produce said final tooth form.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said metal blank includes a rough formed tooth formation.
3. Sintered metal body with at least one toothing, whereby the toothing is formed in a blank with or without pre-toothing by metal forming and characterized by the fact that the final toothing is rolled into the blank.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3325037A DE3325037C1 (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1983-07-11 | Sintered metal body provided with at least one toothing |
| DEP3325037.5 | 1983-07-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1219471A true CA1219471A (en) | 1987-03-24 |
Family
ID=6203726
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000452306A Expired CA1219471A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1984-04-18 | Sintered metal body with at least one toothing |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6040638A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU549505B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8401326A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1219471A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH662760A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3325037C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES529656A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2548933B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2143161B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN162188B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1173398B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE449705B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA842000B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3536154C1 (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1987-02-05 | Krebsoege Gmbh Sintermetall | Device for plastic upsetting of porous, rotationally symmetrical sintered metal parts |
| US5468193A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1995-11-21 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Inscribed planetary gear device having powder injection molded external gear |
| JPH04160257A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1992-06-03 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Inscribed engagement planetary gear structure |
| DE19809039B4 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2007-08-16 | PMG Füssen GmbH | Method for producing a metal sliding sleeve with internal toothing |
| DE19850326A1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2000-05-04 | Gkn Sinter Metals Holding Gmbh | Process for producing a sintered component with reshaping of the green body |
| GB2360825B (en) | 2000-03-30 | 2004-11-17 | Formflo Ltd | Gear wheels roll formed from powder metal blanks |
| DE102005027050B4 (en) | 2005-06-10 | 2021-12-30 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Motor vehicle component with toothing |
| DE102005027137A1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-14 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Gearing made of sintered material |
| DE102005027048A1 (en) | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-14 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Sintered tooth element with locally selective surface compaction |
| DE102005027054A1 (en) | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-28 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Workpiece with different texture |
| DE102005027907A1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-14 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Forged toothing |
| DE102005027049A1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-14 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Resilient gearing |
| DE102005027140A1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-14 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Gearing with adapted sintered material |
| DE102005027142A1 (en) | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-14 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Preform geometry of a toothing |
| DE102005027144A1 (en) | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-14 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Surface compaction of a toothing |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1125952A (en) * | 1965-03-03 | 1968-09-05 | Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the production of gear wheels |
| CH525831A (en) * | 1971-08-26 | 1972-07-31 | Schweiter Ag Maschf | Pre-oiler device for package winder for synthetic yarns |
| US3772935A (en) * | 1972-03-20 | 1973-11-20 | W Dunn | Composite heavy-duty sintered powdered machine element |
| JPS5418897B2 (en) * | 1973-05-16 | 1979-07-11 | ||
| JPS5423670B2 (en) * | 1974-04-24 | 1979-08-15 | ||
| DE2659733C2 (en) * | 1976-12-31 | 1983-01-27 | Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen | Process for the production of gears with a cylindrical rolling surface for running gears |
-
1983
- 1983-07-11 DE DE3325037A patent/DE3325037C1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-01-17 CH CH189/84A patent/CH662760A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-01-20 FR FR8401024A patent/FR2548933B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-09 SE SE8400679A patent/SE449705B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-02-10 ES ES529656A patent/ES529656A0/en active Granted
- 1984-02-29 IT IT19836/84A patent/IT1173398B/en active
- 1984-03-19 ZA ZA842000A patent/ZA842000B/en unknown
- 1984-03-22 BR BR8401326A patent/BR8401326A/en unknown
- 1984-04-18 CA CA000452306A patent/CA1219471A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-26 AU AU29897/84A patent/AU549505B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-07-04 GB GB08417019A patent/GB2143161B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-06 IN IN482/CAL/84A patent/IN162188B/en unknown
- 1984-07-11 JP JP59142520A patent/JPS6040638A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IN162188B (en) | 1988-04-16 |
| ES8504365A1 (en) | 1985-04-01 |
| GB2143161B (en) | 1986-05-29 |
| FR2548933A1 (en) | 1985-01-18 |
| AU2989784A (en) | 1985-01-17 |
| AU549505B2 (en) | 1986-01-30 |
| FR2548933B1 (en) | 1987-12-04 |
| ES529656A0 (en) | 1985-04-01 |
| BR8401326A (en) | 1985-02-26 |
| SE8400679L (en) | 1985-01-12 |
| CH662760A5 (en) | 1987-10-30 |
| GB2143161A (en) | 1985-02-06 |
| GB8417019D0 (en) | 1984-08-08 |
| IT1173398B (en) | 1987-06-24 |
| ZA842000B (en) | 1984-11-28 |
| SE8400679D0 (en) | 1984-02-09 |
| IT8419836A0 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
| DE3325037C1 (en) | 1984-07-12 |
| JPS6040638A (en) | 1985-03-04 |
| SE449705B (en) | 1987-05-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |