CA1217739A - Process for producing ethanol from fermentable sugar solutions - Google Patents
Process for producing ethanol from fermentable sugar solutionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1217739A CA1217739A CA000445190A CA445190A CA1217739A CA 1217739 A CA1217739 A CA 1217739A CA 000445190 A CA000445190 A CA 000445190A CA 445190 A CA445190 A CA 445190A CA 1217739 A CA1217739 A CA 1217739A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- yeast
- fermentation
- solution
- sugar
- receptacle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract:
For the formation of fermentable sugar solutions, yeast is added to the sugar solution. The yeast solu-tion formed is separated from the mixture formed and introduced into the reaction chamber. After completion of the fermentation process, the yeast is discharged from the fermentation receptacle and at least partially recycled for being mixed with the sugar solution after having been combined with a nutrient solution. Before separating the yeast solution; this solution can be subjected to flocculation.
For the formation of fermentable sugar solutions, yeast is added to the sugar solution. The yeast solu-tion formed is separated from the mixture formed and introduced into the reaction chamber. After completion of the fermentation process, the yeast is discharged from the fermentation receptacle and at least partially recycled for being mixed with the sugar solution after having been combined with a nutrient solution. Before separating the yeast solution; this solution can be subjected to flocculation.
Description
~Z~7739 The invention relates to a process for producing ethanol from fermentable sugar solutions. Published EP-A-0 044 428 discloses for producing alcohol (ethanol) from starch or starch-containing raw materials the production of a mash which is obtained by comminution, thermal degradation and saccharification of starch-containing raw materials. There is known a plurality of sugar-containing raw materials from which sugar solutions can directly be produced by extraction and it is already known to de-grade such sugar solutions down to glucose and to subject the mash thus obtained to fermentation. The fermentation process re-quires, however, in dependence on the raw materials and, respec-tively, the mash used differing conditions and a relatively long reaction time for completing the fermentation. It is a drawback of the known fermentation processes that the mashes and fer-mentable substrates, respectively, show with proceeding fermenta-tion varying concentrations in fermentable sugar as well as in fermentation products which strongly influence with proceeding fermentation the reaction speed or fermentation speed, respec-tively. It is a further drawback that with the known processes it is always only possible to produce a more or less pure alcohol and this, as a rule, with an only low concentration.
The fermentable sugar solutions produced, as a rule, by saccharification of starch-containing raw materials show a rela-tively low concentration in sugar. With consideration of a morerapid fermentation it is advantageous to increase in these cases the concentration in sugar by reducing the volume of the sub-strate.
The invention provides a particularly simple process which provides a directly fermentable substrate having a concen-tration in sugar which is favourable for the subsequent fermenta-tion step and which provides the possibility to do without thick-ening apparatuses which are expensive with respect to construc-tion and energy consumption. According to the invention the yeast sludge is separated from the mixture formed, in that the 'J~
.. \ -- 1 --yeast sludge is introduced into the reaction chamber and in that the yeast is discharged from the fermentation receptacle after the fermentation process has been terminated and is, after having been aerated and having been supplied with a nutrient solution, in particular with carbon sources and/or nutrient salts, at least partially recycled to the sugar solution prior to introducing same into the fermentation receptacle for the purpose of pro-~ ~ - 2 -~Z~7739 ducing the mash. In view of the addi.ti.on of yeast, the yeast absorbs glucose from the su.gar solution after a reaction time of approximately 10 minutes. By using said yeast sludge enriched in gluco$e, the sugar contained in the sugar solution is subjected to a particularly rapid fermentation reaction and on account of the mild process conditions it is not only possible to use most types of commercially available yeasts for the purpose of achieving a high fermentation efficiency but it is also possible to circulate the yeast along a closed circuit and thus to make the process less harmful to the environments~ For this purpose and according to the invention, the yeast is discharged from the fermentation receptacle aiter com-pletion of the fermentati.on process and is, after having been aerated and having been supplied with a nutrient solution, in particular with carbon sources and/or nutrient salts, at least partially recycled to the sugar solution prior to introducing same into the fermentation receptacle for the purpoce of producing the mash. Excessive yeast can be separated and be used for other purposes.
In an advantageous manner, the yeast is, in particular if l:he alcohol formed is continuously removed and for example already removed during the fermentation by distil-lation, never or only for a short ti.me interval subjected to the influence of higher concentrations of fermentation products, so that the biological material has a better vitality. When working according t~ the inventlve process, ~Z~7~739 the yeast need only be ~enerated to an only low extent.
For separating the yeast sludge from the mash con-taining the sugar solution, the mash can be sub~ected to flotation, noting that the alrea~y initiated gas formation can be made advantage of and tnat a flocculation can be effected by adding polyelectrolytes. The flocculation, the flotation and removal of yeast can be effected at fermen-tation temperature (30 to ~5 C). ~ptionally, mixing of the yeast with the,glucose solution is effected already ' at fermentation temperature. The floculation step can be effected in an advantageous manner by adding the solution separated from the yeast sludge prior to introducing same into,the fermentation receptacle together with the poly-electrolyt into this flocculationstep, noting that in this manner the solution separated from the yeast sludge and still containing sugar can at least partial~y be cir-culated along a closed circuit. Circulation of the yeast is, above all, made posslble on account of the short fer-mentation time. For the purpose of regenerating the yeast, the yeast extracted from the fermentation receptacle is subjected to an aerobic treatment, noting that yeast may be extracted in regular time intervals and can be used for the production of animal feeding products.
In the following, the invention is further explained cl e~c~oa~ y,'"g ~~~ 25 wlth reference to tlle~drawlng showing a pressure curve and an embodiment. In the drawing, Figure ~ shows a pressure curve for the fermentation process according to the ~217739 invention and Figure 2 SilOWS a simplified flow diagram for the complete transformation of starch-containing raw materials to alco~lol.
The amollnts givcn ~.r. the example of embodiment are refel-red to 1 1 of sugar solution.
Glucose used = l82.8 g yeast used = 1.47 kg sludge con-taining about 4 % dry solids 1~ reaction time = 10 min polyelectrolyte used = 320 mg ( -1.75/kg_gl~ww~
reaction tlme = 10 min flotatio~ time = 7.0 min extracted sugar solution = 1.l0 1 discharged residual sugar = 52.9 g glucose sugar subjected to fer-mentation together with yeast sludge = 1~9.~ g ~ T~le fermentation was e~fected in accordance with the representation in the Figure of the drawing such that the pressure was reduced to 35~ mbar immediately after starting the ferment~tion. Approxlmatèly 45 minutes later the pressure was further reduced to 260 mbar an~ the sugar ~5 content was determined after about 70 minutes. ~lhe lermen-tation has been nearly completed during thls time interval and distilLation of the alcohol formed can be observed ~Z17'739 already during tnis time interval. A~out l80 minutes later the pressure withln the reaction chamber was further step~
wisely reduced to complete distilla~ion an~ to complete the yield in ethanol. Based on l 1 sugar soLution there was obtained 0.34 1 disti]late containing 0.0/7 l ethanol, i.e. 60.7 g ethar~ol. The yield ~ased on adsorbed sugar is thus 60,7 _~ 7~ ____ = 0.915 129.9x0.511 Glucose could not be detected in the yeast sludge.
For performlng the whole process there results the ~ollowlng ti~e schedule:
Adsorption of glucose . . . . . . . . . . . 0.17 h ~occulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 h flotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.12 h fermentation ~ distillation . . . . . . . . 3.50 h total process duratlon = 3.81 h l'he solution circulated along a closed circuit and having been separated from the yeast sludge prior to intro-~0 duct1on into the reaction chamber has an average glucose content of 3 to 5 % by weight.
The process stages for producing ethanol ~rom sugar-containing raw materials is schematically shown in Fi~
gure 2. ~l'his flow diagram shows also the circulation circuits proposed according to the invention for lmproving the ut1lization of energy and tne ylela in glucose, re-spectively.
The fermentable sugar solutions produced, as a rule, by saccharification of starch-containing raw materials show a rela-tively low concentration in sugar. With consideration of a morerapid fermentation it is advantageous to increase in these cases the concentration in sugar by reducing the volume of the sub-strate.
The invention provides a particularly simple process which provides a directly fermentable substrate having a concen-tration in sugar which is favourable for the subsequent fermenta-tion step and which provides the possibility to do without thick-ening apparatuses which are expensive with respect to construc-tion and energy consumption. According to the invention the yeast sludge is separated from the mixture formed, in that the 'J~
.. \ -- 1 --yeast sludge is introduced into the reaction chamber and in that the yeast is discharged from the fermentation receptacle after the fermentation process has been terminated and is, after having been aerated and having been supplied with a nutrient solution, in particular with carbon sources and/or nutrient salts, at least partially recycled to the sugar solution prior to introducing same into the fermentation receptacle for the purpose of pro-~ ~ - 2 -~Z~7739 ducing the mash. In view of the addi.ti.on of yeast, the yeast absorbs glucose from the su.gar solution after a reaction time of approximately 10 minutes. By using said yeast sludge enriched in gluco$e, the sugar contained in the sugar solution is subjected to a particularly rapid fermentation reaction and on account of the mild process conditions it is not only possible to use most types of commercially available yeasts for the purpose of achieving a high fermentation efficiency but it is also possible to circulate the yeast along a closed circuit and thus to make the process less harmful to the environments~ For this purpose and according to the invention, the yeast is discharged from the fermentation receptacle aiter com-pletion of the fermentati.on process and is, after having been aerated and having been supplied with a nutrient solution, in particular with carbon sources and/or nutrient salts, at least partially recycled to the sugar solution prior to introducing same into the fermentation receptacle for the purpoce of producing the mash. Excessive yeast can be separated and be used for other purposes.
In an advantageous manner, the yeast is, in particular if l:he alcohol formed is continuously removed and for example already removed during the fermentation by distil-lation, never or only for a short ti.me interval subjected to the influence of higher concentrations of fermentation products, so that the biological material has a better vitality. When working according t~ the inventlve process, ~Z~7~739 the yeast need only be ~enerated to an only low extent.
For separating the yeast sludge from the mash con-taining the sugar solution, the mash can be sub~ected to flotation, noting that the alrea~y initiated gas formation can be made advantage of and tnat a flocculation can be effected by adding polyelectrolytes. The flocculation, the flotation and removal of yeast can be effected at fermen-tation temperature (30 to ~5 C). ~ptionally, mixing of the yeast with the,glucose solution is effected already ' at fermentation temperature. The floculation step can be effected in an advantageous manner by adding the solution separated from the yeast sludge prior to introducing same into,the fermentation receptacle together with the poly-electrolyt into this flocculationstep, noting that in this manner the solution separated from the yeast sludge and still containing sugar can at least partial~y be cir-culated along a closed circuit. Circulation of the yeast is, above all, made posslble on account of the short fer-mentation time. For the purpose of regenerating the yeast, the yeast extracted from the fermentation receptacle is subjected to an aerobic treatment, noting that yeast may be extracted in regular time intervals and can be used for the production of animal feeding products.
In the following, the invention is further explained cl e~c~oa~ y,'"g ~~~ 25 wlth reference to tlle~drawlng showing a pressure curve and an embodiment. In the drawing, Figure ~ shows a pressure curve for the fermentation process according to the ~217739 invention and Figure 2 SilOWS a simplified flow diagram for the complete transformation of starch-containing raw materials to alco~lol.
The amollnts givcn ~.r. the example of embodiment are refel-red to 1 1 of sugar solution.
Glucose used = l82.8 g yeast used = 1.47 kg sludge con-taining about 4 % dry solids 1~ reaction time = 10 min polyelectrolyte used = 320 mg ( -1.75/kg_gl~ww~
reaction tlme = 10 min flotatio~ time = 7.0 min extracted sugar solution = 1.l0 1 discharged residual sugar = 52.9 g glucose sugar subjected to fer-mentation together with yeast sludge = 1~9.~ g ~ T~le fermentation was e~fected in accordance with the representation in the Figure of the drawing such that the pressure was reduced to 35~ mbar immediately after starting the ferment~tion. Approxlmatèly 45 minutes later the pressure was further reduced to 260 mbar an~ the sugar ~5 content was determined after about 70 minutes. ~lhe lermen-tation has been nearly completed during thls time interval and distilLation of the alcohol formed can be observed ~Z17'739 already during tnis time interval. A~out l80 minutes later the pressure withln the reaction chamber was further step~
wisely reduced to complete distilla~ion an~ to complete the yield in ethanol. Based on l 1 sugar soLution there was obtained 0.34 1 disti]late containing 0.0/7 l ethanol, i.e. 60.7 g ethar~ol. The yield ~ased on adsorbed sugar is thus 60,7 _~ 7~ ____ = 0.915 129.9x0.511 Glucose could not be detected in the yeast sludge.
For performlng the whole process there results the ~ollowlng ti~e schedule:
Adsorption of glucose . . . . . . . . . . . 0.17 h ~occulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 h flotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.12 h fermentation ~ distillation . . . . . . . . 3.50 h total process duratlon = 3.81 h l'he solution circulated along a closed circuit and having been separated from the yeast sludge prior to intro-~0 duct1on into the reaction chamber has an average glucose content of 3 to 5 % by weight.
The process stages for producing ethanol ~rom sugar-containing raw materials is schematically shown in Fi~
gure 2. ~l'his flow diagram shows also the circulation circuits proposed according to the invention for lmproving the ut1lization of energy and tne ylela in glucose, re-spectively.
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A process for producing ethanol from fermen-table sugar solutions in which yeast is added to the sugar solution prior to its introduction into a fermentation receptacle, the yeast sludge is separated from the mixture formed, the yeast sludge is introduced into the reaction chamber and the yeast is discharged from the fermentation receptacle after the fermentation process has been ton-minated and is, after having been aerated and having been supplied with a nutrient solution at least partially recycled to the sugar solution prior to introduction into the fermentation receptacle for producing the mixture.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which the mixture is subjected to a flocculation prior to separating the yeast sludge.
3. A process as claimed in claim 2, in which the solution separated from the yeast sludge prior to introduc-ing same into the fermentation receptacle is added to the flocculation together with polyelectrolytes.
4. A process as claimed in claim 2 or 3, in which the flocculation is by flotation.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the nutrient solution comprises at least one of carbon sources and nutrient salts.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA106-83 | 1983-01-13 | ||
| AT0010683A AT388386B (en) | 1983-01-13 | 1983-01-13 | METHOD FOR OBTAINING AETHANOL FROM TRANSFERABLE SUGAR SOLUTIONS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1217739A true CA1217739A (en) | 1987-02-10 |
Family
ID=3481673
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000445190A Expired CA1217739A (en) | 1983-01-13 | 1984-01-12 | Process for producing ethanol from fermentable sugar solutions |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0114159B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS59162893A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT388386B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1217739A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3477020D1 (en) |
| ZA (2) | ZA8464B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10029842B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2018-07-24 | Yeti Coolers, Llc | Insulating device |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE744682C (en) * | 1940-03-22 | 1944-01-24 | Chem Fab | Process and device for the uninterrupted fermentation of low-sugar fermentation fluids on alcohol |
| US2525214A (en) * | 1945-02-06 | 1950-10-10 | Ekelund Sigvard Frans August | Microbiological processes |
| DE1201795B (en) * | 1956-08-17 | 1965-09-30 | Dominion Breweries Ltd | Process for semi-continuous or continuous fermentation of wort |
| GB1109311A (en) * | 1963-08-07 | 1968-04-10 | Hiram Walker & Sons Scotland L | Improvements in or relating to the production of grain whisky |
| US3207606A (en) * | 1963-10-28 | 1965-09-21 | Ramsden & Son Ltd R | Continuous fermentation process for beer production |
| DE1642693A1 (en) * | 1968-03-02 | 1971-05-06 | Forsch Die Gaerungsindustrie E | Process and system for the continuous fermentation of grain-containing mashes, preferably from starch-containing raw materials |
| SE430171B (en) * | 1978-01-31 | 1983-10-24 | Alfa Laval Ab | CONTINUOUS PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL IN A FERMENTOR ADDED TO A SUBSTRATE WITH HIGH CARBOHYDRATE CONCENTRATION, WHICH DISPOSES FERMENTATION LIQUID AFTER COMPOUNDING A FRENCH PREPARED FLUID ... |
| DE2917411A1 (en) * | 1978-05-19 | 1979-11-22 | Waagner Biro Ag | METHOD FOR KEEPING THE YEAR CULTURE ACTIVE |
| SE432441B (en) * | 1979-02-27 | 1984-04-02 | Alfa Laval Ab | PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING ETHANOL BY CONTINUOUS SPRAYING OF A CARBOHYDRATE-SUBSTRATE, WHICH A DRINK WITH RELATIVE HIGH RATE OF SOLID SUBSTANCE RECOVERY |
| PH15644A (en) * | 1979-07-16 | 1983-03-11 | Ag Patents Ltd | Fermentation process and apparatus |
| BR7905624A (en) * | 1979-08-31 | 1980-10-29 | Versa Consultoria Tecnica Ltd | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMBUSTIBLE ALOOL WITHOUT VINHOTO |
| GB2075053A (en) * | 1980-05-03 | 1981-11-11 | Sim Chem Ltd | A Process for the continuous production of fermentation alcohol |
| DE3023874A1 (en) * | 1980-06-26 | 1982-01-21 | Supraton F.J. Zucker GmbH, 4040 Neuss | METHOD FOR OBTAINING A CONCENTRATED SLUDGE IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL FROM STARCH OR RAW MATERIALS CONTAINING STRENGTH |
| GB2079312A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-01-20 | Ag Patents Ltd | Fermentation process and apparatus |
| DE3204910A1 (en) * | 1981-05-12 | 1982-12-02 | Peter 2724 Ahausen Rothe | Process and device for alcohol production |
-
1983
- 1983-01-13 AT AT0010683A patent/AT388386B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1984
- 1984-01-04 ZA ZA8464A patent/ZA8464B/en unknown
- 1984-01-10 EP EP84890006A patent/EP0114159B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-01-10 DE DE8484890006T patent/DE3477020D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-01-10 ZA ZA84191A patent/ZA84191B/en unknown
- 1984-01-12 CA CA000445190A patent/CA1217739A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-01-12 JP JP59004243A patent/JPS59162893A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0114159A2 (en) | 1984-07-25 |
| JPS59162893A (en) | 1984-09-13 |
| ZA8464B (en) | 1984-08-29 |
| ZA84191B (en) | 1984-08-29 |
| JPS6338192B2 (en) | 1988-07-28 |
| EP0114159A3 (en) | 1986-06-25 |
| AT388386B (en) | 1989-06-12 |
| EP0114159B1 (en) | 1989-03-08 |
| DE3477020D1 (en) | 1989-04-13 |
| ATA10683A (en) | 1985-11-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |