CA1216727A - Method for the making of self-plugging and/or non- dripping roofing construction - Google Patents
Method for the making of self-plugging and/or non- dripping roofing constructionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1216727A CA1216727A CA000447237A CA447237A CA1216727A CA 1216727 A CA1216727 A CA 1216727A CA 000447237 A CA000447237 A CA 000447237A CA 447237 A CA447237 A CA 447237A CA 1216727 A CA1216727 A CA 1216727A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- dripping
- self
- water
- plugging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015125 Sterculia urens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001058 Sterculia urens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 organic felt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
- E04D11/02—Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D7/00—Roof covering exclusively consisting of sealing masses applied in situ; Gravelling of flat roofs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
A b s t r a c t:
In order to make a roofing construction leak proof it is provided with a layer containing hydrophilic polymers and/or known inorganic viscosity-increasing and/or gel-forming hydro-philic substances. The layer may be incorporated the construction in the form of a membrane or a coating or it may be distributed as a powder. Due to this layer the roofing construction will become self-plugging.
In order to make a roofing construction leak proof it is provided with a layer containing hydrophilic polymers and/or known inorganic viscosity-increasing and/or gel-forming hydro-philic substances. The layer may be incorporated the construction in the form of a membrane or a coating or it may be distributed as a powder. Due to this layer the roofing construction will become self-plugging.
Description
~2~1Eii~7~7 Method for the making of self-plu~ g and/or non-drip~2_roofi~_con__ _ction The invention relates to the making of self-plugging and/or non-dripping roofing construction.
A modern roof design normally includes a structure to carry loads, insulation to control heat flow, a barrier to control air and vapour flow, and a roofing element to prevent water penetration.
Problems connected with leaks and dripping are known to occur with more or less all types or roofs, but are more prevalent with some roof designs than with others.
There are such factors as roof angle, type of insulation or no insulation, type of roofing material, and obviously the climate outside and inside, which have significant bearing on the tendency for leaks and dripping from con-densation of a particular building~
Buildings with flat or low-angle roofs in climates with snow during winter or with heavy rains and high humidity are particularly prone to develop leaks~ In-dustrial buildings with a production process entailing high humidity are particularly prone to dripping from condensation.
On buildings with flat low-angle the roofs socalled "built-up roofing" is the most common roofing type used.
~23l~
Built-up roofing is a continuous membrane covering manufacturers on site from alternate layers of bitumen, bitumen-saturated felts or asphalt-impregnated glass mats, saturated and coated felts, and surfacings.
New materials have lately led to roofing materials of single-ply or limited-ply membranes consisting of e.g. a single-ply sheet of an elastomeric or plastic material.
~oofing membranes can also be liquid-applied as a single or two-component system with polymeric fabrics or glass-fibre reinforcements.
Whatever the type of roof and roofing construction and material used, water leaks and condensation can occur, particularly in the spring in cold climates when the snow on the roof is melting, or during such heavy rainfalls that the roof-gutters cannot cope with the amount of water on the roof.
Water leakage and dripping for roofing constructions can have considerable economic consequences, even when the amount of water is small, for instance because the leakage site is of very small size, perhaps only a small nail hole. It is also extremely difficult to locate such leakage sites, and more difficult the smaller the leak.
Similar problems can also be caused by condensation as a result of not sufficiently effective insulation or ventilation.
The object of the invention is to solve the above mentioned problems and to provide a method which makes it possible to achieve a self-plugging, i.e. a self acting leak-stopping and/or non-dripping roofing construction.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method for making a basically waterproof roofing construction self-plugging and non-dripping, comprising the step of incorporating into the already basically waterproof construction a layer comprising viscosity-increasing and aqueous-gel forming material chosen from the group consisting of the aqueous-gel forming natural and synthetic hydrophilic polymers and inorganic hydrophilic substances that form gels with water, whereby holes made by nails and cracks that may form upon weathering are self-plugged by said layer and dripping is prevented by water absorption and swelling of said layer.
According to another aspect of the inven~ion there is provided a basically waterproof roofing construction that is also self-plugging and non-dripping, comprising the combination with an already basically waterproof construction of a layer comprising viscosity~increasing and aqueous-gel forming material chosen from the group consisting of the aqueous-gel forming natural and syn-thetic hydrophilic polymers and inorganic hydrophilic substances that form gels with water, whereby holes made by nails and cracks that may form upon weathering are self-plugged by said layer and dripping is prevented by water absorption and swelling of said layer.
The present invention solves these problems in a simple and economic way by making use of the special properties which hydrophilic polymers and/or certain hydrophilic inorganic substances possess for increasing the viscosity of water to such an extent that it will not drip from the roofing construction, and/or to bind the water in the form and consistency of a gel. Such polymers and inorganic substances can also be brought to swell by water to such an extent that a leakage is stopped by itself.
The hydrophilic polymers which can be used with the method, can either be water-soluble or water~swellable, or a combination of both. The same applies for the inorganic substances. Water-soluble polymers and/or water-soluble inorganic substances of the aforementioned type can be made non water-soluble through partial cross-linking, i.e.
cross-linking which leaves a number of hydrophilic groups free to bind water molecules.
;
The hydrophilic polymers and/or inorganic hydrophilic substances can be incorporated in many different ways in the roofing construction:
1) either by being applied to the deck as a coating, or
A modern roof design normally includes a structure to carry loads, insulation to control heat flow, a barrier to control air and vapour flow, and a roofing element to prevent water penetration.
Problems connected with leaks and dripping are known to occur with more or less all types or roofs, but are more prevalent with some roof designs than with others.
There are such factors as roof angle, type of insulation or no insulation, type of roofing material, and obviously the climate outside and inside, which have significant bearing on the tendency for leaks and dripping from con-densation of a particular building~
Buildings with flat or low-angle roofs in climates with snow during winter or with heavy rains and high humidity are particularly prone to develop leaks~ In-dustrial buildings with a production process entailing high humidity are particularly prone to dripping from condensation.
On buildings with flat low-angle the roofs socalled "built-up roofing" is the most common roofing type used.
~23l~
Built-up roofing is a continuous membrane covering manufacturers on site from alternate layers of bitumen, bitumen-saturated felts or asphalt-impregnated glass mats, saturated and coated felts, and surfacings.
New materials have lately led to roofing materials of single-ply or limited-ply membranes consisting of e.g. a single-ply sheet of an elastomeric or plastic material.
~oofing membranes can also be liquid-applied as a single or two-component system with polymeric fabrics or glass-fibre reinforcements.
Whatever the type of roof and roofing construction and material used, water leaks and condensation can occur, particularly in the spring in cold climates when the snow on the roof is melting, or during such heavy rainfalls that the roof-gutters cannot cope with the amount of water on the roof.
Water leakage and dripping for roofing constructions can have considerable economic consequences, even when the amount of water is small, for instance because the leakage site is of very small size, perhaps only a small nail hole. It is also extremely difficult to locate such leakage sites, and more difficult the smaller the leak.
Similar problems can also be caused by condensation as a result of not sufficiently effective insulation or ventilation.
The object of the invention is to solve the above mentioned problems and to provide a method which makes it possible to achieve a self-plugging, i.e. a self acting leak-stopping and/or non-dripping roofing construction.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method for making a basically waterproof roofing construction self-plugging and non-dripping, comprising the step of incorporating into the already basically waterproof construction a layer comprising viscosity-increasing and aqueous-gel forming material chosen from the group consisting of the aqueous-gel forming natural and synthetic hydrophilic polymers and inorganic hydrophilic substances that form gels with water, whereby holes made by nails and cracks that may form upon weathering are self-plugged by said layer and dripping is prevented by water absorption and swelling of said layer.
According to another aspect of the inven~ion there is provided a basically waterproof roofing construction that is also self-plugging and non-dripping, comprising the combination with an already basically waterproof construction of a layer comprising viscosity~increasing and aqueous-gel forming material chosen from the group consisting of the aqueous-gel forming natural and syn-thetic hydrophilic polymers and inorganic hydrophilic substances that form gels with water, whereby holes made by nails and cracks that may form upon weathering are self-plugged by said layer and dripping is prevented by water absorption and swelling of said layer.
The present invention solves these problems in a simple and economic way by making use of the special properties which hydrophilic polymers and/or certain hydrophilic inorganic substances possess for increasing the viscosity of water to such an extent that it will not drip from the roofing construction, and/or to bind the water in the form and consistency of a gel. Such polymers and inorganic substances can also be brought to swell by water to such an extent that a leakage is stopped by itself.
The hydrophilic polymers which can be used with the method, can either be water-soluble or water~swellable, or a combination of both. The same applies for the inorganic substances. Water-soluble polymers and/or water-soluble inorganic substances of the aforementioned type can be made non water-soluble through partial cross-linking, i.e.
cross-linking which leaves a number of hydrophilic groups free to bind water molecules.
;
The hydrophilic polymers and/or inorganic hydrophilic substances can be incorporated in many different ways in the roofing construction:
1) either by being applied to the deck as a coating, or
2) applied as a coat on the overside or the underside of the membrane, e.g. organic felt, asbestos ply felt, fiber-glass mats or base sheets, shingles, elastomeric or plastic film and sheeting etc., or on another component of the roofing construction, or
3) in the form of a film, sheet, mat, loose powder etc.
by being laid out over or under another component of the roofing construction, or
by being laid out over or under another component of the roofing construction, or
4) by being incorporated in the membrane whatever the type, e.g. in a felt or sheet, or
5) by being applied on or in other ways attached to other components which are part of the roofing construction.
Examples of hydrophilic polymers which can be used for the method are natural hydrophilic polymers such as gum arabic, tragacanth and karaya, semi-synthetic hydrophilic polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose and other cellulose ethers, lignin derivatives, various kinds of modified starches (ethers and acetates), and synthetic hydrophilic polymers such as polyacrylic acids, polyacrylamides, and polyethyleneoxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine and others, as well as combinations of such polymers or with other substances.
As examples of inorganic substances, which can either be used alone to hind water in the form of a ~el or a highly viscous fluid, can be mentioned water glass, alumina, magnesia, bentonite etc. and mixtures of such inorganic hydrophilic substances or mixtures of these and hydrophilic polymers.
The mentioned hydrophilic polymers and/or hydrophilic inorganic substances can eventually be cross-linked, either in the form of a pre-crosslinked film or sheet or similar or a layer cross-linked in situ. As an example ~2~L~7~'7 of the former can be mentioned "Dow Water Absorbent Laminate" and of the latter a mixture of lignosulfonate and dichromate.
There is an extensive patent and other literature treating viscosity-increasing or gel-forming polymers and inorganic substances, particularly within the fields of grouting and oil drilling. This may be a major part of such polymers and inorganic substances could find appli-cation with the method of the present invention with the necessary adjustments.
Examples of hydrophilic polymers which can be used for the method are natural hydrophilic polymers such as gum arabic, tragacanth and karaya, semi-synthetic hydrophilic polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose and other cellulose ethers, lignin derivatives, various kinds of modified starches (ethers and acetates), and synthetic hydrophilic polymers such as polyacrylic acids, polyacrylamides, and polyethyleneoxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine and others, as well as combinations of such polymers or with other substances.
As examples of inorganic substances, which can either be used alone to hind water in the form of a ~el or a highly viscous fluid, can be mentioned water glass, alumina, magnesia, bentonite etc. and mixtures of such inorganic hydrophilic substances or mixtures of these and hydrophilic polymers.
The mentioned hydrophilic polymers and/or hydrophilic inorganic substances can eventually be cross-linked, either in the form of a pre-crosslinked film or sheet or similar or a layer cross-linked in situ. As an example ~2~L~7~'7 of the former can be mentioned "Dow Water Absorbent Laminate" and of the latter a mixture of lignosulfonate and dichromate.
There is an extensive patent and other literature treating viscosity-increasing or gel-forming polymers and inorganic substances, particularly within the fields of grouting and oil drilling. This may be a major part of such polymers and inorganic substances could find appli-cation with the method of the present invention with the necessary adjustments.
Claims (4)
1. A method for making a basically waterproof roofing construction self-plugging and non-dripping, comprising the step of incorporating into the already basically waterproof construction a layer comprising viscosity-increasing and aqueous-gel forming material chosen from the group consisting of the aqueous-gel forming natural and synthetic hydrophilic polymers and inorganic hydro-philic substances that form gels with water, whereby holes made by nails and cracks that may form upon wea-thering are self-plugged by said layer and dripping is prevented by water absorption and swelling of said layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said layer is a continuous membrane.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said layer is a continuous coating.
4. A basically waterproof roofing construction that is also self-plugging and non-dripping, comprising the combination with an already basically waterproof construction of a layer comprising viscosity-increasing and aqueous-gel forming material chosen from the group consisting of the aqueous-gel forming natural and syn-thetic hydrophilic polymers and inorganic hydrophilic substances that form gels with water, whereby holes made by nails and cracks that may form upon weathering are self-plugged by said layer and dripping is prevented by water absorption and swelling of said layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO830480 | 1983-02-14 | ||
| NO830480A NO830480L (en) | 1983-02-14 | 1983-02-14 | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING SELF-SEALING ROOF CONSTRUCTION |
| NO83833164A NO153893C (en) | 1983-02-14 | 1983-09-05 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF SELF-SEALING AND / OR NOT DRIPTING ROOF CONSTRUCTION. |
| NO833164 | 1983-09-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1216727A true CA1216727A (en) | 1987-01-20 |
Family
ID=26647838
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000447237A Expired CA1216727A (en) | 1983-02-14 | 1984-02-13 | Method for the making of self-plugging and/or non- dripping roofing construction |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0138847B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1216727A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3471951D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK150463C (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1179972B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO153893C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1984003098A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005060260B4 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2010-04-08 | Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh & Co. Ohg | Process for the rehabilitation of a flat and / or flat roof of a building |
| DE102010021439A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Sealing arrangement for a roof construction |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3186896A (en) * | 1962-05-09 | 1965-06-01 | American Colloid Co | Moisture impervious panel |
| DE1769907C3 (en) * | 1968-08-03 | 1973-10-04 | Dunlop Ag, 6450 Hanau | Process for the production of roof coverings based on aqueous polymer dispersions |
| GB1538669A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1979-01-24 | Kasei Co Ltd C | Water-swelling material for preventing leakage of water |
| US4070839A (en) * | 1976-09-09 | 1978-01-31 | American Colloid Company | Moisture impervious panel |
| LU76710A1 (en) * | 1977-02-04 | 1978-09-13 | ||
| HU177343B (en) * | 1977-11-08 | 1981-09-28 | Mta Termeszettu Domanyi Kutato | Process for stabilizing aquous solutions utilizable for producing hydrophyle polymere gels and for improving solidity and impermeability of granula materials and/or solide bodies,first of all defective canals and structural objects |
| FR2479629B1 (en) * | 1980-04-01 | 1985-11-08 | Thomson Csf | METHOD FOR DEMODULATING AN AMPLITUDE MODULATED SIGNAL, DEMODULATOR IMPLEMENTING THIS METHOD AND TELEVISION SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE |
-
1983
- 1983-09-05 NO NO83833164A patent/NO153893C/en unknown
-
1984
- 1984-02-13 CA CA000447237A patent/CA1216727A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-14 WO PCT/NO1984/000010 patent/WO1984003098A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1984-02-14 IT IT67136/84A patent/IT1179972B/en active
- 1984-02-14 EP EP84900896A patent/EP0138847B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-14 DE DE8484900896T patent/DE3471951D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-10-08 DK DK480684A patent/DK150463C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1984003098A1 (en) | 1984-08-16 |
| DK480684A (en) | 1984-10-08 |
| EP0138847B1 (en) | 1988-06-08 |
| DE3471951D1 (en) | 1988-07-14 |
| NO833164L (en) | 1984-08-15 |
| NO153893C (en) | 1986-06-11 |
| IT8467136A0 (en) | 1984-02-14 |
| NO153893B (en) | 1986-03-03 |
| DK480684D0 (en) | 1984-10-08 |
| IT1179972B (en) | 1987-09-23 |
| DK150463B (en) | 1987-03-02 |
| DK150463C (en) | 1987-11-16 |
| EP0138847A1 (en) | 1985-05-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |