CA1210977A - Modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearm - Google Patents
Modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearmInfo
- Publication number
- CA1210977A CA1210977A CA000440831A CA440831A CA1210977A CA 1210977 A CA1210977 A CA 1210977A CA 000440831 A CA000440831 A CA 000440831A CA 440831 A CA440831 A CA 440831A CA 1210977 A CA1210977 A CA 1210977A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- hammer
- assembly
- firearm
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearm, said assembly comprising a slide structure for connection to a firearm slide receiver assembly, an ejector mechanism, a hammer, a spring biasing the hammer, a sear for retaining the hammer in a cocked position, a disconnector assembly operable to prevent actuation of the sear during a cocking operation, and a safety device selectively moveable to a position preventing firing of the firearm, the housing and the afore-mentioned components being interconnected such that the assembly may be withdrawn, or inserted into, a firearm as a unitary modular unit.
Description
I
il ~ ~
1 ,~
ll ¦ Back~ound of the Invention F1eld of the Invention I
¦ The ~nventlon rela~es to firearms and is dlrPcted more par~cularly to a modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearm.
I
I Descrlptlon of the Prior Art In breaking down semi-automatic plstols of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 1,070,582, lssued Au~ust 19, 1913 tD J.M.Brownlng, and generally referred to as the conventional Colt Government Model .45, an operator is facçd with a multitude of individual components, all of whlch must be carefully kept track of and carPfully returned to thelr rightful positions in the handgun.
In an attempt to adapt handguns to accepting more than a single callber of cartridge, interchangeable components have been introduced. In U.S. Patent No.2,090,657, for example, issued August 24, 1937 to D.M.~illiams there is shown and described a modified pistol of the '582 type ha~ing a subcaliber barrel and slide which may be substituted for the standard parts to enable subcaliber ammunition to be used.
In an attempt to make conversions as convenient as poss~ble.
there haYe been provided various components in modular form, such as complete barre7 assemblies, sllde-receiver assemblies, frame and trigger assemblies, and the like, affording qu~ck and easy interchangeability of packages of components.
In some lnstances of conYers~on, 1t ls necessary to adapt the hammer assembly and/or sdfety assembly to the "new" sllde assembly. By ~nd ldrge, such components ~onstitute d multlpllcity of parts, mostly small In size, easily lost, and certainly not quick and easy to disassemble and reassem~le.
il ~ ~
1 ,~
ll ¦ Back~ound of the Invention F1eld of the Invention I
¦ The ~nventlon rela~es to firearms and is dlrPcted more par~cularly to a modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearm.
I
I Descrlptlon of the Prior Art In breaking down semi-automatic plstols of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 1,070,582, lssued Au~ust 19, 1913 tD J.M.Brownlng, and generally referred to as the conventional Colt Government Model .45, an operator is facçd with a multitude of individual components, all of whlch must be carefully kept track of and carPfully returned to thelr rightful positions in the handgun.
In an attempt to adapt handguns to accepting more than a single callber of cartridge, interchangeable components have been introduced. In U.S. Patent No.2,090,657, for example, issued August 24, 1937 to D.M.~illiams there is shown and described a modified pistol of the '582 type ha~ing a subcaliber barrel and slide which may be substituted for the standard parts to enable subcaliber ammunition to be used.
In an attempt to make conversions as convenient as poss~ble.
there haYe been provided various components in modular form, such as complete barre7 assemblies, sllde-receiver assemblies, frame and trigger assemblies, and the like, affording qu~ck and easy interchangeability of packages of components.
In some lnstances of conYers~on, 1t ls necessary to adapt the hammer assembly and/or sdfety assembly to the "new" sllde assembly. By ~nd ldrge, such components ~onstitute d multlpllcity of parts, mostly small In size, easily lost, and certainly not quick and easy to disassemble and reassem~le.
- 2 -1. ~ ~ ~
~ g7~7 .
There is a need for a modular assembly of hammer and safety components adapted to be hand~ed by an operator as a single un~t.
Summary of the Invention An ob~ect of the inventlon is to provlde a modular hammer and saf~ty assembly for a flrearm, the components of whlch are so lnterconnected that the asse~bly may be withdrawn, or inserted into~ a firearm as a unitary modular ùnit.
With the above and other objects in view, as will hereinafter appear, a feature of the present Invention is the provision of a modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearm, the assembly comprislng a housing, a first component comprising a slide rneans extending from the housing ~or interconnection with a slide receiver assembly, a second component compr~sing an ejector means fixed to the housing, a third component comprising a hammer pivotally mounted in the housing9 a fourth component comprising spring means disposed in the housing and biasing the hammer toward a firing position, a fifth comp~nent comprising a sear pivotally mounted in said housing and adapted to engage the hammer and retain the hammer in a cocked position against the spring bias, a sixth component comprising a disconnector means slidably mounted in the housing and operable to prevent actuation of the sear during a cocking operation, and a seventh component comprlsing a safety means mounted in the houslng and selectiYely moveable between a first inactiv position to a second position in whish the safety means prevents firlng of the firearm, the housing and the components being interconnected such that the assembly may be wlthdrawn, or 1nserted ~nto, a firearm as a unitary modular unit.
The above and other features of the invention, including various novel details of construction and combinations of parts, will now be more . partlcularly descrlbed with reference to the accompanylng drawlngs and pointed out in the claims. It will be understood that the particular device y 3 _ 37~
embodying the invention is shown by way of illustration only and not as a limitation o-f the invention. The principles and features of -this invention may be employed in various and m~merous embodiments without departing from the scope of the inven-tion.
Brief Description of the Drawings Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which is shown an illustrative embodiment of the invention from which i-ts novel features and advantages will be apparent.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a portion of a firearm with parts broken away to show a modular hammer and safety assembly, illustrative of an embodiment of the invention, in place in the firearm, parts of the assembly being shown in section to more clearly show the various components thereof, the assembly being shown in "at rest"
position without the safety enyaged;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged side elevational view of portions of Fig. 1, with additional components shown;
Fig. 3 is a rear elevational view of a portion of the assembly shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 1, but sho~s the assembly in a cocking position;
Fig. 5 is similar to Fig. 4, but shows the assembly in a cocked position;
Fig. 6 is similar to Figs. 1 and 2, but shows the assembly in a safety "on" position;
Fig. 7 is an enlarged elevational view, similar to Fig. 2, but shows the safety "on", and illustrates the complementary operation of the slide and hammer and safety assemblies;
Fig. 8 is a rear elevational view similar to Fig. 3 but shows t'ne assembly in an alternative position;
~ 77 ~
,, Fig. 9 is a top plan view of the illustrative hammer and safety assemblyi t F~g. lO 1s a front elevational v~ew of the hammer and safety assembly; r Fig~ ll is a side elevational view of tne hammer and safety assembly; and Fig. 12 is a side elevatlonal view similar to Figs. 2 5 and 7 but showing r the assembly in a cocking position with the safety actuated.
Descriptlon of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to the drawings it will be seen that the illustrative assembly 2 is disposed in a p~stol ~ncluding a frarne assembly 4 having as port~ons therPof a trigger guard 6 a trigger nlechanism 8 a grip port~on lO
and a barrel mounting portion 12. The pistol further includes a barrel assembly 14 connectable to the barrel mounting portion 12 and a slide r receiver l~ slldably mounted on the frame assembly.
The modular hamrner and safety assembly ? includes a housing 20 havlng extend~ng therefrom a slide rneans 22 (Fig. 9) adapted for sliding interconnec tion with the slide receiver 16. Also extending from the housing 20 is an ejector means 24 (Fig. 9). A hammer 26 is pivotally mounted in the housing 20 by a pin 28 disposed centrally of a pawl portion 30 of ~he hammer 26.
The pawl portion 30 is provided with teeth 32 on a portion of its periphery.
A spring 34 is mounted on a pin 36 in the housing 20 and extends into a recess 3B in the hamrner 26. The spring 34 biases the hammer forwardly or leftwardly as viewed in Fig. l.
A sear 40 is pivotally mounted in the housing 20 by a pin 42. A
first end 44 of the sear 40 is adapted to engage the teeth 32 of the har~mer pawl portion 30; a second end 45 of ~he sear 40 is adapted to be engaged by the trigger mechanism 8. Thus the sear 40 interconnects the trigger mechanism 8 and the hammer ?6 A disconnector means 46 is disposed in the housing 20 and comprises a pin 48 slidably disposed in a bore 50 in the housing 20. The pin 48 at i ~ ~
~ 77f ~ '' a ~irst end 52 thereof ~s engageable with ~he slide rece~ver 16, and at a second end 54 thereof carries a pusher member 56 operable to divert moYement of the trigger mechanism 8 during a cocking operation, as will be further ex~lained below.
A safety means 60 is mounted in the housing 20 and includes a reciprocally movable plunger 62 engageable with the sear 40 to separate the sear and the hammer pawl portion, releasing the hammer but shielding a firing pin 63, as will be ~urther discussed below. The plunger 62 has a slot 64 therein in which is disposed a pin 66, the slot and pin arrangement permitting movement of the plunger selectively toward and away from the sear 40. An actudting lever 68 (Flg.~) mdy be located on the slde of the slide assembly 16 and be operatively connected to the plunger, as by a rOtdtdble Cdill means 6~, to serve as an actuator for the safety plunger.
In Figs. 1 and 2, the firearm is shown at rest, with the safety in the inactive9 or raised~ position. The hammer 26 is in a forward poslt~on, b1ased forwardly by the spring 34. The flrst end 52 of the dlsconnector pin 48 is disposed in a recess 70 in the slide receiver lh.
To cock the piece, the slide receiver is moved rearwardly by an operator to the position shown in Fig. 4. Referring particularly to Fig. 4, it will be seen that the rearward movement of the slide receiver 16 has forced the disconnector pin 48 out of the recess 70 and downwardly, causing the pusher member 56 at the second end 54 of the disconnector pin 48 to bear against the trigger mechanism 8, pushing the trigger meohanism downwardly and out of alignment with the sear 40. At this point5 pressure applied to the tri99er by the operator will fail to actuate the hammer. The rearward movelllent of the slide receiver 16 relative to the hammer and safety assembly 2, has further caused the hammer to pivot upon pin 28~ against the bias of the spring 34 to the position shown in Fig. 4. The toothed port1On of the pawl ~ortior, 30 of ~he hall~er has been engaged by the first end 44 of the sear 40D holding the hdlnlller in a rearward position, as shown. A
- G -~ `~,,3 `
~ t :
leaf spring 74 extending from the ~rame assembly 4 bears against the sear 40 and exercises a steadying and hold~ng -Influence thereon.
~ hen the slide recelver 16 returns to its forwardmost position (Fig. 5~, the disconnector pin 48 is posltioned to re-enter the slide recess 70. A trigger spring 72 urges the trigger mechanism 8 back to its normal position, which in turn urges the disconnector p~n 48 back into the slide recess 70.
At this point, if it is not desired to fire the piece, the actuator lever 68 may be rotated to move the safety plunger 62 into abutting engage-ment with the sear 40, separating the sear from the pawl portion 30 of the hammer 26~ thereby releasing the hammer and permitting the hammer to pivot forwardly under the influence of the spring 34 (Fig. 7). Turning ~he safety actuating lever 68 serves to rotate the cam means 69, as afore-mentioned, which serves to move cam stop means 76 ~nto a position protectlng the firing pin 63 from contact by the hammer 26 (Fig. 7). Thus, the a~tuation of the safety causes the hammer to move forwardly, but prevents the hammer from str1king the firing pin. To fire the plstol, it is necessar~
to release the safety and re-cock the pistol.
Upon firing of the pistol, expansion of gases causes rearward move-ment of the slide receiver l~ to cock th~ pistol and repeat the above cycle. As the slide receiYer proceeds rearwardly the sl~de rece~ver and the ejector means 24 cooperate to remove a spent cartridge from the chamber of the gun, in accordance with known methods.
If the safety is "on" and an operator attempts to cock the piece, ~he engagement of ~he plunger 62 wi~h the sear 40 prevents retention of the hammer 26 in a rearward cocked posltion, the ham~er merely returning to the forward position, engaging the stop means 76 and prevented thereby from engaging the firing pin 63.
If it is desired to convert the pistol to a different caliber, the _ ~
~ ~ J
.
~ 37~
.
re~ulred interchange components are removed from the frame assembly and new components are attached thereto. If it is necessary to change hammer assembl~es, a "new" assembly, substantially as described above, differ~ng only ln proportions~ is substituted for the "old" assembly. The entire hammer and safety assembly is removable and insertable as d single unit.
It is ~o be understood that the present invention is by no means .
limited to the particular construction herein disclosed and/or shown in the drawings, but also comprises any modifications or equivalents withir the scope of the disclosure.
~ ,..
f, . ~:
~ g7~7 .
There is a need for a modular assembly of hammer and safety components adapted to be hand~ed by an operator as a single un~t.
Summary of the Invention An ob~ect of the inventlon is to provlde a modular hammer and saf~ty assembly for a flrearm, the components of whlch are so lnterconnected that the asse~bly may be withdrawn, or inserted into~ a firearm as a unitary modular ùnit.
With the above and other objects in view, as will hereinafter appear, a feature of the present Invention is the provision of a modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearm, the assembly comprislng a housing, a first component comprising a slide rneans extending from the housing ~or interconnection with a slide receiver assembly, a second component compr~sing an ejector means fixed to the housing, a third component comprising a hammer pivotally mounted in the housing9 a fourth component comprising spring means disposed in the housing and biasing the hammer toward a firing position, a fifth comp~nent comprising a sear pivotally mounted in said housing and adapted to engage the hammer and retain the hammer in a cocked position against the spring bias, a sixth component comprising a disconnector means slidably mounted in the housing and operable to prevent actuation of the sear during a cocking operation, and a seventh component comprlsing a safety means mounted in the houslng and selectiYely moveable between a first inactiv position to a second position in whish the safety means prevents firlng of the firearm, the housing and the components being interconnected such that the assembly may be wlthdrawn, or 1nserted ~nto, a firearm as a unitary modular unit.
The above and other features of the invention, including various novel details of construction and combinations of parts, will now be more . partlcularly descrlbed with reference to the accompanylng drawlngs and pointed out in the claims. It will be understood that the particular device y 3 _ 37~
embodying the invention is shown by way of illustration only and not as a limitation o-f the invention. The principles and features of -this invention may be employed in various and m~merous embodiments without departing from the scope of the inven-tion.
Brief Description of the Drawings Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which is shown an illustrative embodiment of the invention from which i-ts novel features and advantages will be apparent.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a portion of a firearm with parts broken away to show a modular hammer and safety assembly, illustrative of an embodiment of the invention, in place in the firearm, parts of the assembly being shown in section to more clearly show the various components thereof, the assembly being shown in "at rest"
position without the safety enyaged;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged side elevational view of portions of Fig. 1, with additional components shown;
Fig. 3 is a rear elevational view of a portion of the assembly shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 1, but sho~s the assembly in a cocking position;
Fig. 5 is similar to Fig. 4, but shows the assembly in a cocked position;
Fig. 6 is similar to Figs. 1 and 2, but shows the assembly in a safety "on" position;
Fig. 7 is an enlarged elevational view, similar to Fig. 2, but shows the safety "on", and illustrates the complementary operation of the slide and hammer and safety assemblies;
Fig. 8 is a rear elevational view similar to Fig. 3 but shows t'ne assembly in an alternative position;
~ 77 ~
,, Fig. 9 is a top plan view of the illustrative hammer and safety assemblyi t F~g. lO 1s a front elevational v~ew of the hammer and safety assembly; r Fig~ ll is a side elevational view of tne hammer and safety assembly; and Fig. 12 is a side elevatlonal view similar to Figs. 2 5 and 7 but showing r the assembly in a cocking position with the safety actuated.
Descriptlon of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to the drawings it will be seen that the illustrative assembly 2 is disposed in a p~stol ~ncluding a frarne assembly 4 having as port~ons therPof a trigger guard 6 a trigger nlechanism 8 a grip port~on lO
and a barrel mounting portion 12. The pistol further includes a barrel assembly 14 connectable to the barrel mounting portion 12 and a slide r receiver l~ slldably mounted on the frame assembly.
The modular hamrner and safety assembly ? includes a housing 20 havlng extend~ng therefrom a slide rneans 22 (Fig. 9) adapted for sliding interconnec tion with the slide receiver 16. Also extending from the housing 20 is an ejector means 24 (Fig. 9). A hammer 26 is pivotally mounted in the housing 20 by a pin 28 disposed centrally of a pawl portion 30 of ~he hammer 26.
The pawl portion 30 is provided with teeth 32 on a portion of its periphery.
A spring 34 is mounted on a pin 36 in the housing 20 and extends into a recess 3B in the hamrner 26. The spring 34 biases the hammer forwardly or leftwardly as viewed in Fig. l.
A sear 40 is pivotally mounted in the housing 20 by a pin 42. A
first end 44 of the sear 40 is adapted to engage the teeth 32 of the har~mer pawl portion 30; a second end 45 of ~he sear 40 is adapted to be engaged by the trigger mechanism 8. Thus the sear 40 interconnects the trigger mechanism 8 and the hammer ?6 A disconnector means 46 is disposed in the housing 20 and comprises a pin 48 slidably disposed in a bore 50 in the housing 20. The pin 48 at i ~ ~
~ 77f ~ '' a ~irst end 52 thereof ~s engageable with ~he slide rece~ver 16, and at a second end 54 thereof carries a pusher member 56 operable to divert moYement of the trigger mechanism 8 during a cocking operation, as will be further ex~lained below.
A safety means 60 is mounted in the housing 20 and includes a reciprocally movable plunger 62 engageable with the sear 40 to separate the sear and the hammer pawl portion, releasing the hammer but shielding a firing pin 63, as will be ~urther discussed below. The plunger 62 has a slot 64 therein in which is disposed a pin 66, the slot and pin arrangement permitting movement of the plunger selectively toward and away from the sear 40. An actudting lever 68 (Flg.~) mdy be located on the slde of the slide assembly 16 and be operatively connected to the plunger, as by a rOtdtdble Cdill means 6~, to serve as an actuator for the safety plunger.
In Figs. 1 and 2, the firearm is shown at rest, with the safety in the inactive9 or raised~ position. The hammer 26 is in a forward poslt~on, b1ased forwardly by the spring 34. The flrst end 52 of the dlsconnector pin 48 is disposed in a recess 70 in the slide receiver lh.
To cock the piece, the slide receiver is moved rearwardly by an operator to the position shown in Fig. 4. Referring particularly to Fig. 4, it will be seen that the rearward movement of the slide receiver 16 has forced the disconnector pin 48 out of the recess 70 and downwardly, causing the pusher member 56 at the second end 54 of the disconnector pin 48 to bear against the trigger mechanism 8, pushing the trigger meohanism downwardly and out of alignment with the sear 40. At this point5 pressure applied to the tri99er by the operator will fail to actuate the hammer. The rearward movelllent of the slide receiver 16 relative to the hammer and safety assembly 2, has further caused the hammer to pivot upon pin 28~ against the bias of the spring 34 to the position shown in Fig. 4. The toothed port1On of the pawl ~ortior, 30 of ~he hall~er has been engaged by the first end 44 of the sear 40D holding the hdlnlller in a rearward position, as shown. A
- G -~ `~,,3 `
~ t :
leaf spring 74 extending from the ~rame assembly 4 bears against the sear 40 and exercises a steadying and hold~ng -Influence thereon.
~ hen the slide recelver 16 returns to its forwardmost position (Fig. 5~, the disconnector pin 48 is posltioned to re-enter the slide recess 70. A trigger spring 72 urges the trigger mechanism 8 back to its normal position, which in turn urges the disconnector p~n 48 back into the slide recess 70.
At this point, if it is not desired to fire the piece, the actuator lever 68 may be rotated to move the safety plunger 62 into abutting engage-ment with the sear 40, separating the sear from the pawl portion 30 of the hammer 26~ thereby releasing the hammer and permitting the hammer to pivot forwardly under the influence of the spring 34 (Fig. 7). Turning ~he safety actuating lever 68 serves to rotate the cam means 69, as afore-mentioned, which serves to move cam stop means 76 ~nto a position protectlng the firing pin 63 from contact by the hammer 26 (Fig. 7). Thus, the a~tuation of the safety causes the hammer to move forwardly, but prevents the hammer from str1king the firing pin. To fire the plstol, it is necessar~
to release the safety and re-cock the pistol.
Upon firing of the pistol, expansion of gases causes rearward move-ment of the slide receiver l~ to cock th~ pistol and repeat the above cycle. As the slide receiYer proceeds rearwardly the sl~de rece~ver and the ejector means 24 cooperate to remove a spent cartridge from the chamber of the gun, in accordance with known methods.
If the safety is "on" and an operator attempts to cock the piece, ~he engagement of ~he plunger 62 wi~h the sear 40 prevents retention of the hammer 26 in a rearward cocked posltion, the ham~er merely returning to the forward position, engaging the stop means 76 and prevented thereby from engaging the firing pin 63.
If it is desired to convert the pistol to a different caliber, the _ ~
~ ~ J
.
~ 37~
.
re~ulred interchange components are removed from the frame assembly and new components are attached thereto. If it is necessary to change hammer assembl~es, a "new" assembly, substantially as described above, differ~ng only ln proportions~ is substituted for the "old" assembly. The entire hammer and safety assembly is removable and insertable as d single unit.
It is ~o be understood that the present invention is by no means .
limited to the particular construction herein disclosed and/or shown in the drawings, but also comprises any modifications or equivalents withir the scope of the disclosure.
~ ,..
f, . ~:
Claims (2)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearm, said assembly comprising a housing, a first component comprising a slide means extending from said housing for interconnection with a slide receiver assembly, a second component comprising an ejector means fixed to said housing, a third component comprising a hammer pivotally mounted in said housing, a fourth component comprising spring means disposed in said housing and biasing said hammer toward a firing position, a fifth component comprising a sear pivotally mounted in said housing and adapted to engage said hammer and retain said hammer in a cocked position against said spring bias, a sixth component comprising a disconnector means slidably mounted in said housing and operable to prevent actuation of said sear during a cocking operation, and a seventh component comprising a safety means mounted in said housing and selectively movable between a first inactive position to a second position in which said safety means prevents firing of the firearm, said housing and said components being interconnected such that said assembly may be withdrawn, or inserted into, a firearm as a unitary modular unit.
2. The invention in accordance with claim 1 in which said hammer is mounted upon a first pivot pin fixed to said housing, said spring means is mounted on a first mounting pin fixed to said housing, said sear is mounted upon a second pivot pin fixed to said housing, said disconnector means comprises a pin disposed in a bore in said housing, said safety means comprises a reciprocally movable plunger engageable with said sear, said plunger having a slot therein, and a second mounting pin fixed to said housing and disposed in said slot, permitting said reciprocal movement of said plunger on said second mounting pin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000440831A CA1210977A (en) | 1983-11-09 | 1983-11-09 | Modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearm |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000440831A CA1210977A (en) | 1983-11-09 | 1983-11-09 | Modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearm |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1210977A true CA1210977A (en) | 1986-09-09 |
Family
ID=4126493
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000440831A Expired CA1210977A (en) | 1983-11-09 | 1983-11-09 | Modular hammer and safety assembly for a firearm |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1210977A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-11-09 CA CA000440831A patent/CA1210977A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20031109 |