CA1210972A - Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws and photographic apparatus - Google Patents
Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws and photographic apparatusInfo
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- CA1210972A CA1210972A CA000448187A CA448187A CA1210972A CA 1210972 A CA1210972 A CA 1210972A CA 000448187 A CA000448187 A CA 000448187A CA 448187 A CA448187 A CA 448187A CA 1210972 A CA1210972 A CA 1210972A
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws has a photo-graphic station for supporting a photosensitive medium. The photographic station together with the photosensitive medium forms a developing chamber with a transparent face having a depth in the range of from about .005" to about .125, preferably from about .005" to about .080". The developing chamber has a periphery with a contour which always changes at an angle greater than about 115° and is preferably circular. Associated hydraulic equipment supplies and removes fluid from the developing chamber. A laser supplies coherent light for the article to be tested for reflection to the photographic station. A reference beam is directed to the photographic station. For use in inspecting pipe in the field, the apparatus advantageously has a housing and a pair of saddles each having different diameter pipe re-ceiving portions and a strap securing system. The photographic station can develop the photosensitive medium in situ and may be used in any spatial orientation. The invention also comprises the photographic station per se without the laser.
Description
~Z~97~
This is a divisional of Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 387,215, filed October 2, 1981.
Tec~ical Field __ This ~n~ention is in the field of non-destructive ~sting.
Back~round of the Prior ~rt It is well kno~n to use i~terferometric holography in non-destructive testing. It is also known to develop 8 photographic film used in ~uch te~ting in situ in order to expedite t~e te~ting procedure. Reference may be had to U.S.
Patent 3.749,702. This patent discloses water in the developing chamber during the imaging of the film. The in situ development of film in apparatus for exposing and developing film and projecting the image of the developed film is disclosed in ~.S. Patent 3,200,724. In ~his patent wa~er is used in the developing chamber to improve the transmission of light throu~h the film holding device and to eliminate the drying of the film after development and prior to protection.
Brief Summar~ of the Invention This invention concerns hologram apparatus of great flexability and convenience for use in double exposure and real time holographic interferometry. It concerns a superior film handling and developing s~ructure. I~c overcomes a seric~us problem inherent in the prior art in that it ::an be used in any spatial orientatiorl.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a ph~tographic station f~r supporting a photo-sensitive medium especially for use in hologram apparatus for detecting flaws. The ph~tographic station tog~ther wi~h the photosensitive medium fonms a developing chamber with a transparent face hav~g a depth ln the range of from about 1~ .005" to ab~ut .12~", preerably of from about .005" to ~bout ~080". l~ae developing chamber has a periphery with a conto~ir which always changes at an an~le greater than al~out 115, ad~ran tageously greater than 12~, and is preferably ~:ircular.
Ass~ciated hyd~aulic: equipmen~c supplies and removes fluid :Erom 15 the developing cham~erO A laser supplies ct>herent light for the article to be tested for reflection to the photographic statio~. A reference beam is directed ~o the photographic ~tation. For use in inspecting pipe in the :i~ield, the apparatus advantageously has a housing and a pair ~f saddles each ha~in~
different diameter pipe receiving portions and a strap cecuring ~ystem. The p-notographic station can develop the photose~sitive medium in situ and may be used in any spatial orientation. The invention also e~prises the photcgraphic station per se without the laser.
Due to the eonstructlon of the de-Jelopin~ chamber, capillary action causes a liquid entering it to force out all fluid already in the ehamber irrespective of spatial ori~ntation.
This insures that there is no premature film development by the presence of a residual amoun~ of processing liquid and that the 30 devel~ping liquid is not diluted by the flushing liquid ~t any point in th~ cha~ber. The eontour of the de~el~pin~ chamber periphery insures that adhesion between the cha~ber and a c~ntained liquid will not result in a p~cket of ~iquid bein~ retained in the chamber whe~ it is desired to evacuate it.
~ 35 The developing chamber minimizes the ~m~unt of developing liquid t re~uired f~r processing, .
, , .
'7 Brief Descriptlon of the Drawin~s Fi:gure 1 is a ron~ elevation of the h~logram apparatus of the inlJen~cion wi thout ~che housirlg;
~ igure 2 hS a Tighthand eleva~ion of ~che apparatus 5 of Fi gure 1 without the housing;
Figure 3 is a plan ~iew of ~he apparatus of Figure 1 without the h~usin~g;
~ igure 4 is a view illustTa~ing the use of ~ne of the securing saddles;
Figure 5 is a view illustrating the use of one of the securing saddles;
Figure 6 is a lefthand eleva~ional view of the apparatus of Figure 1 w~thout the housing;
~ igure 7 is an enlar~ed plan view of ~he photographic lS station;
Figure 8 i~ a secti~n taken on the plane indioated by the line 8-8 i~ Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a diagrammatic view of the hydraulic system of the device of Figure l;
2Q Figure 10 is a diagrammatic view of the mi~roprocesscr and associated elements of the apparatus of Figure l;
Figure 11 is a front elevation of the apparatus of Figure 1 with the h~using in place;
Figure 12 is a plan view of the apparatus as shown 25 in Figure 11;
Figure 13 is a sec~ion taken on the plane indica~ed by he line 13-13 in Figure 11;
Figure 14 is a section partially broken away on the plane indicated by the line 14 14 in Figure 11;
3Q Figure 15 is a plan view of an alternative trans-parent plate and gasket;
Figure 16 is a plan view of ~n al~ernative trans-parent plate and gasket; and Figu2e 17 is a plan view of an alternative trans-3~ parent plate and gasket .
7~
~, ~etailed Description -H~logram apparatus 2 in accordance wi~h the inven-tion has a frame 4 to which is secured a pair of saddles 8, 8 eaeh having an arcuate recess 10 adapted ~o reeei~e a pipe 12 5 (Figure 2). ~ach saddle B a~so has a psir of recess portions lDA and 10B on an arc of much greater radiuc than the radius of recess 10 to acco~modate large diameter pipes. In Figure 4 broken lines 12A represent piyes of varying diamete~s beariag on saddles 8 at points lOC and lOD. F~r larger pipe a greacer 10 span of bearing is achieved as is illustrated in Figure 5 where broken lines 12B represent larger diametgr pipes bearing on addles 8 at 10E and 10F, the wider span giving a more ~table ~uppcrt for ~e saddle 8 and apparatus 7, Pipes of the ~ize of pipe 12 and smaller are accommodated in recess 10 15 of each saddle 8.
Each 6addle 8 has a yoke 18 secured thereto pivotally as indi cated at 20, One end 24 of a strap 26 is secured to yoke 18 as indicated at 28, A .~econd yoke 32 is pivotally ~ecured thereto at 34. ~ yoke 36 having a pin 40 is piv~tally secured 20 t~ lever 32. One end 44 ~f a second strap 46 is secured to pin 45. A conventional adjustable buckle 48 removably connects ~traps 26 and 46.
A laser 6~ is secured to frame 4 and is connected to a power supply indicated at 62 ~Figure 1). ~aser ~0 may 25 be ~ for example, a helium-neon laser having an ou~put of ten miliwatts. Any laser known to the prior art for holo-~ 2~ 7 ~
.
graphic non-d structive testin~ such as a Y~G laser, ~
kryptDn lasPr, a C02 laser or a nitro~en laser may be used.
A continuous ~ave laser operating in the TEM mode should be used. Advanta~eously, the laser w111 have a power outpu~
fro~ about 1 to about 20 miliwatts.
Before leaving the laser 60, the beam is expanded by way of a suitable lens, e.g. a standard microscope objective lens, located at the front end 61 of laser 60.
The expanded beam from laser 60 is then directed to mirror indicated at 64 (Figure l)which direc~ the beam ~wardly to a mirror 66 which direct~ the beam to mirror 68 ~ecured to ~ metal plate 70 whic~ in turn is ~ecured ~o a rod 72 pi~otally mounted trans~ersely on frame 4. A handle 78 ~ntegral ~i~h rod 72 is used for pivoting o mirror 680 A
: 15 -magnet 79 ha~ing a chamfered face 80 and attached to housing 81 ~hD~n in Figure l in phanto~ holds pl~te 70 and mirror 68 ~ in position shown in Fi~ure l. In this position mirror 68 :~ .refle~ts t~e laser beam downwardly tc a pipe coupling 82 coupling pipe-12 to a pipe 84. A portion of the laser beam is reflected from coupling 87 upwardly to a photographic ~tation 86. A portion of the laser beam is reflected from mirror 68 to a reference beam mirror 90 and thence to photo-graphic station 86. ..
~: - The laser beam is cGntrolled by a shu~ter 94 havi~g an arm 96 :(~igure 2) adapted to.block the light emanating from the lasex. Arm 96 is serured to a pivot plate 98 ~Fig-ure 2) biased t~ the shutter closed position by an extension spring 100. Pivot plate 98 is actuated by a solenoid 102 which when actuated opens the shutter 94 to permit the passage of li~ht from the laser to mirror S4.
Photographic station 86-has a transparent plate 120 ~Figure 8) of, for example; a syn~hetic resin such as an acry-lic, polycarbonate? fluoro or ~olystyrene resin. Plate 120 is ~ecured to fra~e 4 o~er an openin~ 122 in frame 4, .circular gro~e 124 contains z ring gasket 126 of for example ~u~ber which is circular in cross~ectipn and extends siightly abo~e t~e top 128 of pl~te 120,. A pair of bars 130 and 132 are secured by an ~dhesive to the top 128 of plate 120. A
transparent plate 136 of, for example, a synthPtic resin such a~ c)ne of those listed above, overlies pla~ce 12a between bars 130 ~nd 132 and is`~ivotally secured 'LO a yo~ce ~rame 149 by pins 142 ~ 144 !~igure 7~ oke :L40 is pivotally ~ecured to ~l~ck 132 by pin~ 146, 14~. The cross bar 152 of yoke 140 ~
5 is adhesi~ely secured ~o a plate 154 which in ~urn is ad-hesively secured ~o ~ block 156 through which passes ~ ~crew 157 whieh pivc~tally conneet~ bloclc 156 ko a plunE~er 158 of ~olen~id 16~. P~ un~ger 158 is loosely received in opening 161 in block 156. Solenoid 160 is mounted between standard 162 10 ~ ~ ~plit ring 16B ~ecured ~n ~r~ove 170 in plunger 158 act~
tD bias pl~ger 158 downwardly to in ~urn b-Las pla~ce 136 down-~ardly .
A conventional ~ilm cartridge 18 0 (Figure 7 ~ i; ro tatably supported by a cartridge holder 182 mounted vn frame 15 4 and supplies film 184 which is wound onto a reel 186. Advan-tageously, film 184 i~ a high resolu~ion ilm ~uch as Kodak*
649F of ~he Eastman Kodak Co. Reel 186 is mcunt.ed for rotation on cone 188 m~unted on a spring metal tab 190 and a hub 194 which i~ splined to a ~pindle 196 driven by m~or 200. Film 2D 184 lies between plate 136 and gasket 126. Film 184, gas~et 126 and plate 120 form a very shallow developing chamber 210.
The chamber 210 will have a dep~h (i.e., the distance between the emulsion side of film 1~4 and plate 120~ of fr~m abDut .005"
to about .125", preferably fr~m ab~ut .005" to about .080'l.
25 Advantageously the depth will be from ab~ut .~15" to ab~ut .025".
The thus formed chamber is circular.
The plate 120 ha~ a supply conduit 214 tFigure 7) ha~ing ~ reduced ~mall diameter p~r~ion 216 in communication with chamber 210 and a dischar~e conduit 218 having a reduced small diameter 30 p~rtion 220 in communication with chamber 210. ~he reduced diameter portions 216 ~nd 220 communicate with chamber 210 d-~acent the periphery and diametrically opposite to each other.
The diameter of these conduits is ~mall to inhibit liquid fr~m flowing out of ch~mber 210 when no pumps are running. Advan-35 tage~usly tney will have a diameter in the range of from about1/32" ~o ab~ut 7/32'~ with the portion 216 preferably having a diameter larges ~han that of portion 220.
*TrademarX
Cc~nduit ~14 is c~nnected tc> a line 230 tFigure 9) t~ which is connected a ~en~ line 232 cc~ntaining a check ua~ve 234 t~ p~event f~luid :Erom passing through the verlt line ~hen it is being pumped ~co chamber 210. :I,ine 230 is 5 connected by l;ne 236 Lo a valve 238 and a valve 240. Valve 238 is cc~nnected to line 244 and 1 ine 246. Valve 238 is a t~ positi~rl valve connec~cing line 244 ~co either line ~36 or line 246 j the normal positlon bein~ ~he connec~ion t~ line 246. LiTae 244 h~s a rheck ~alve 250 and is c:Qnnected to a 10 pump 252 which i~ connec~ed ~y line 2~4 ~o a ~upply tanlc 256 "naving a veD.t 257 and c9ntaining ~ater 258. Line 246 cvn-tains a check. valve 264 and is comlected co drain line 266 which discharges into a ~ank 268 having a ~ent 269. L1nPS
244 and 266 are long and flexible to permit locating pump 15 252 and tank~ 256 and 2$8 at a remote loczti~ separate from ~he main p~rtion of apparatus 2.
Valve 240 is connected ~o line 272 whi~h is con-nected to l~ne 246 and is connec~ed to line ~74. Valve 240 is a tw~-~ay val~e connecting ~ine 274 to either line 272 or 20 line 236 with the connection to line ~72 being ~he normal position. Line 2~4 contains 2 check valve 276 and is con-nected to a pump 278 which in ~urn is connec~ed to a line 280 which is adapted to pick up a developing-fixing bath ~nobath) 28~ from a tank 2~4 which has a vent 286. A
25 typical monobath is Xoaak ~;48 of the Eastman Kodak Co. Line 274 is long and flexi.ble so that pump 278 ~nd tank 284 can be placed at a remote locatic~n away from the main part of apparatus 2.
Discharge conduit 2~8 is connected to line 29û
30 whirh is connected to pump 292 w~ich discharges into line 266.
Pump 292 is, for example, a rubber vane type pump whi.ch will nGt pass fluid when stopped~ A line 294 containing check ~al~e ~96 is in parallel ~ith pump 292 to bypass pump 292.
A ~uic~ diseonnec fitt;ng 295 OEi~ure 2) i~ provided for 35 lines 244, 266 and 274.
Referring to Figure 10, the apparatus 2 is energized by a 12-v~lt .ctery indica~ed at 300 t~. positive sidP o:E
~hi rh is cDnnected ~co a line 310 ct7ntainiTIg a main power swi~cch ~ll2 and the negative side ~f which is connected Lo a line 314.
Pow~r supply 62 is connec~ed to line 310 by line 316 and is connected to the negative side s:f bactery 300 through lines 31e, 320 an~ 314 Laser 60 is oonnected to the power supply 6~ by lines 322 and 324. A ~cimer swi~ch 33U having a momen-'cary stsrting sw tch 334 controls shutter st~lenoid 102. Timer 330 is c~nnec~ed by llne 332 t~ line 3~0 a~d lby line 336 to line ~L~ 310. Timer sw:atch 330 con~crols shutter solenoid 102 being oon nected there~co by lines 340 and 33~. Solenoid ln2 can also be ac~ivated by olosiIlg ~;witch 400 in line 310 which is connected to line 338~ ;lIne 340 being c~or~ec~ed t~ line 332 ~hrough line 346. Timer 330 i~ controlled ~y ~ photo-electric cell shown 15 a~c 350.
A~ microproce~sor 302 is programrned ~co carry out the sequential operations required~ The use Df microprocessors for sequencing operations is conven~ n~l. Other means such as a mechanical stepping switch may be employed~ Microprocessor 20 302 is onnected ~o line 310 by lisle 360 and line 314 by line 352. As indica~ed by br~cen lines 370, 371s 372, 374 and 376 p~wer to m~tor 200, solenoid 160 and pumps 252, 278 and 292 is respectively controlled by microprocess~r 302. Likewise broken lines 380 and 382 indicate the control of power to valves 238 25 and 240 respectively by microprocessor 302. A quick discon-nect fitting 386 ~Figure 2~ is provided for connec~ing the nec-essary lines to motor 200, solenoid 160, solenoid 102 and power supply 62 to the remaining circuitry.
Operations 3D The operation of the appafatus 2 will be evident fro~
the foll~wing description. The apparatus 2 is mounted on pipe 1~ with the pipe received in arcuate p3rticns 10 of saddles 8 and is secured by straps 26~ 2~
Fo~ start-u~ of the apparatus ~ film cartridge 18û
is placed in film holder 182 (Figure 2) and film 184 is threade~
between ~asket 126 ~nd plate 136 while solenoid plunger 15~ is held upwardly by hand to raise plate 136 a-bove gasket 126.
The ilm is threaded into reel 186 and 97~
plunger 15~ ~s released permil:ting pla~ce 136 to hold the film securely against ~asket :L26.
Switch. 312 is closes~ to ener~giæe lase~ 6D and pro-~ide power to mic~p~rcess~r :302. Shutter 94 keeps the laser 5 beam from reaching mirror 64.
Momentary ~witeh 30:L is closed to ini~ciate the ~action of microprocess3r 302 whis~h then ac~l~ates pumps 252 and 278 ~Figure ~ for a pre-determined period o time of 3 fo2 example five seconds causing water t~ be p~7ed through ~3 line5 2S4, 244, line 246 and line ~66 ~o was~e tank 268.
At the same t~me monobath is pumped through lines 280, 274 272, 246 and 266 to drain ~ank 268. The pul~ose of ~hi~
operation is tc) purge air ~ut c~ the liquid supply system.
Next~ mcmelltary ~w~tch 304 is closed causing micro-15 proce~sor 302 to energl:ze solenc~id 160 to raise plunger 158igure 8) and thus piv~t frame 140 (Fi~ure ~ to raise plate 13~ and ~hen energ~zes m~tor 200 for a peri~d of time ~uf~
ficient to advance film 184 a distance ~lightly greater than the inner diameter of gasket 126. As soon as motor 200 i~
20 stopped, the microprocessor deenergizes soleno;d 160 causing spr~ng 166 to move plunger 158 downwardly t~ pivot frame 140 to lower plate 136 onto the film and hold it against gasket 126, the piv~tlng of plate 136 by pins 142 and 144 insuring that plate 136 will be parallel to gasket 126 and press the 25 film uniformly against the gasket.
After the above described operatiGns ha~e been com pleted, microprocessor 302 activates pump 252 (Fi~ure 9) and valve 238 causing water to be pumped int~ ~evelopin~ chamber 210. The circular nature of the chamber and its small depth 30 permitting the surface tension of the liquids employed to provi~e a capillary type action insuring ~hat even when ~he apparatus 2 is spatially oriented 0 that the reduced di~meter pcrtion 216 of ~upply conduit 214 is located at the top of chamber 210~ the in flowing liquid ~rces ail ~f the fluid ~5 out of the chamber 210. Thus, in all orientations, the water pumped into chamber 210 thruugh line 244 ~alve 238 line 236 and line 230 forces out all the air ;n cham~er 210 through ~2~
-- ~o --conduit 218 and lines 290, 294 and 266 to waste container 268. During this operation pump 292 blocks the flow of fluid therethrough being fluid tight when at rest. When chamber 210 has been filled with water, microprocessor 302 stops pump 2527 deenergizes valve 238 and ceases operation for the time being.
Momentary switch 33~ is now closed to activate timer switch 330 which immediately activates shutter solenoid 102 to permit the laser beam to be directed by mirrors 64, 66 and 68 (Figure 1) onto coupling 82 and thence reflected througn opening 122 onto film 184 (Figure 8). The photoelectric cell 350 measures the intensity of the light being reflected to cause timer 330 to vary the length of time that solenoid 102 energized. After solenoid 102 is deenergized by timerswitch 330 causing spring 100 to close shutter 96 and block off the laser beam~ coupling 82 is stressed, for example, by pressurizing the piping system in which pipes 12 and 84 are found. Then cwitch 334 is again used to activate timer switch 330 to again expose film 1840 After the shutter closes, momentary switch 304 is again closed to initiate the developing and fixing of the film. Microprocessor 302 activates pump 278 and valve 240 (Figure 9) causing monobath 282 to be pumped through lines 280, 274, valve 240 and lines236 and 230 into developing chamber 210 to displace the water therein which passes through lines 290, 294 and 266 to waste tank 268. The configuration of chamber 210 insures the expelling of all of the water from the chamber. The microprocessor 302 then deactivates pump 278 and valve 240. Normally the developing and fixing time is about three seconds. Having provided sufficient time for developing and ~ixing of the film, microprocessor 302 again activates pump 252 and va~ve 238 to wash the monobath from chamber 210 and rinse the film with water. Microprocessor 302 then deactivates pump 252 and valve 238.
The thus produced hologram can be viewed by using 3S handle 78 to rotate mirror 68 counter-clockwise as viewed in Figure 1 to a position toreflect the laser beam from mirrar 6~ upwardly thrc~u~h fi.Lm 184 wh;le activating, ~he shutter s~le2l~id :102 lby cl~sillg switch ~sD0 whieh parallels -_ltimer 330. At ~his ~ta,ge~ if desired, a phc~tograph of the h~ gram may be ttaken by direoting a camera towards ~plate 136. ~ILnstant cal3era such as are made by Pc)laroid* and Eastm~n K~dak ~are e~nvenient f~r this purpose.
When it ~:E; desired to make ~c~he nex'L hologram, ~witch 384 ~n micrc~prc)cessor 302 is closed causin~ m;cro~
prc~e~gor to activate pump 2~2 whïch wi~chdraws all :ILiquid 10 f~m ch~m~er ~10 throug~ cc~nduit 218 and line 290 and di~-charges it ~hrc~ugh line 266 in~o waste cont~iner 268. During ~his speTation air i6 ~uppli:ed to chamber 210 throu~h check ~al~re 234 and ~eTit line 232 and line 230. The apparatu~ i~
now ready to commence a new cycle of operation w~i~h is 15 initiated by closing momentary switch 304 to ad~rance ;1m 184, the purg~ng step caused by clos;ng switch 301 on~y being used once at the initial ~tart up of ~esting operati~ns and not necessary when repeated ~ests are being made.
It is evident that the above apparatus can lbe used 20 for real time holography by ~imply develop;r~g ~ilm 184 ater one exposure and than viewing the film with the laser beam being reflected from the pipe placf~d under a condition of stre~s .
The appara~u~ described above can be used withou~
This is a divisional of Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 387,215, filed October 2, 1981.
Tec~ical Field __ This ~n~ention is in the field of non-destructive ~sting.
Back~round of the Prior ~rt It is well kno~n to use i~terferometric holography in non-destructive testing. It is also known to develop 8 photographic film used in ~uch te~ting in situ in order to expedite t~e te~ting procedure. Reference may be had to U.S.
Patent 3.749,702. This patent discloses water in the developing chamber during the imaging of the film. The in situ development of film in apparatus for exposing and developing film and projecting the image of the developed film is disclosed in ~.S. Patent 3,200,724. In ~his patent wa~er is used in the developing chamber to improve the transmission of light throu~h the film holding device and to eliminate the drying of the film after development and prior to protection.
Brief Summar~ of the Invention This invention concerns hologram apparatus of great flexability and convenience for use in double exposure and real time holographic interferometry. It concerns a superior film handling and developing s~ructure. I~c overcomes a seric~us problem inherent in the prior art in that it ::an be used in any spatial orientatiorl.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a ph~tographic station f~r supporting a photo-sensitive medium especially for use in hologram apparatus for detecting flaws. The ph~tographic station tog~ther wi~h the photosensitive medium fonms a developing chamber with a transparent face hav~g a depth ln the range of from about 1~ .005" to ab~ut .12~", preerably of from about .005" to ~bout ~080". l~ae developing chamber has a periphery with a conto~ir which always changes at an an~le greater than al~out 115, ad~ran tageously greater than 12~, and is preferably ~:ircular.
Ass~ciated hyd~aulic: equipmen~c supplies and removes fluid :Erom 15 the developing cham~erO A laser supplies ct>herent light for the article to be tested for reflection to the photographic statio~. A reference beam is directed ~o the photographic ~tation. For use in inspecting pipe in the :i~ield, the apparatus advantageously has a housing and a pair ~f saddles each ha~in~
different diameter pipe receiving portions and a strap cecuring ~ystem. The p-notographic station can develop the photose~sitive medium in situ and may be used in any spatial orientation. The invention also e~prises the photcgraphic station per se without the laser.
Due to the eonstructlon of the de-Jelopin~ chamber, capillary action causes a liquid entering it to force out all fluid already in the ehamber irrespective of spatial ori~ntation.
This insures that there is no premature film development by the presence of a residual amoun~ of processing liquid and that the 30 devel~ping liquid is not diluted by the flushing liquid ~t any point in th~ cha~ber. The eontour of the de~el~pin~ chamber periphery insures that adhesion between the cha~ber and a c~ntained liquid will not result in a p~cket of ~iquid bein~ retained in the chamber whe~ it is desired to evacuate it.
~ 35 The developing chamber minimizes the ~m~unt of developing liquid t re~uired f~r processing, .
, , .
'7 Brief Descriptlon of the Drawin~s Fi:gure 1 is a ron~ elevation of the h~logram apparatus of the inlJen~cion wi thout ~che housirlg;
~ igure 2 hS a Tighthand eleva~ion of ~che apparatus 5 of Fi gure 1 without the housing;
Figure 3 is a plan ~iew of ~he apparatus of Figure 1 without the h~usin~g;
~ igure 4 is a view illustTa~ing the use of ~ne of the securing saddles;
Figure 5 is a view illustrating the use of one of the securing saddles;
Figure 6 is a lefthand eleva~ional view of the apparatus of Figure 1 w~thout the housing;
~ igure 7 is an enlar~ed plan view of ~he photographic lS station;
Figure 8 i~ a secti~n taken on the plane indioated by the line 8-8 i~ Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a diagrammatic view of the hydraulic system of the device of Figure l;
2Q Figure 10 is a diagrammatic view of the mi~roprocesscr and associated elements of the apparatus of Figure l;
Figure 11 is a front elevation of the apparatus of Figure 1 with the h~using in place;
Figure 12 is a plan view of the apparatus as shown 25 in Figure 11;
Figure 13 is a sec~ion taken on the plane indica~ed by he line 13-13 in Figure 11;
Figure 14 is a section partially broken away on the plane indicated by the line 14 14 in Figure 11;
3Q Figure 15 is a plan view of an alternative trans-parent plate and gasket;
Figure 16 is a plan view of ~n al~ernative trans-parent plate and gasket; and Figu2e 17 is a plan view of an alternative trans-3~ parent plate and gasket .
7~
~, ~etailed Description -H~logram apparatus 2 in accordance wi~h the inven-tion has a frame 4 to which is secured a pair of saddles 8, 8 eaeh having an arcuate recess 10 adapted ~o reeei~e a pipe 12 5 (Figure 2). ~ach saddle B a~so has a psir of recess portions lDA and 10B on an arc of much greater radiuc than the radius of recess 10 to acco~modate large diameter pipes. In Figure 4 broken lines 12A represent piyes of varying diamete~s beariag on saddles 8 at points lOC and lOD. F~r larger pipe a greacer 10 span of bearing is achieved as is illustrated in Figure 5 where broken lines 12B represent larger diametgr pipes bearing on addles 8 at 10E and 10F, the wider span giving a more ~table ~uppcrt for ~e saddle 8 and apparatus 7, Pipes of the ~ize of pipe 12 and smaller are accommodated in recess 10 15 of each saddle 8.
Each 6addle 8 has a yoke 18 secured thereto pivotally as indi cated at 20, One end 24 of a strap 26 is secured to yoke 18 as indicated at 28, A .~econd yoke 32 is pivotally ~ecured thereto at 34. ~ yoke 36 having a pin 40 is piv~tally secured 20 t~ lever 32. One end 44 ~f a second strap 46 is secured to pin 45. A conventional adjustable buckle 48 removably connects ~traps 26 and 46.
A laser 6~ is secured to frame 4 and is connected to a power supply indicated at 62 ~Figure 1). ~aser ~0 may 25 be ~ for example, a helium-neon laser having an ou~put of ten miliwatts. Any laser known to the prior art for holo-~ 2~ 7 ~
.
graphic non-d structive testin~ such as a Y~G laser, ~
kryptDn lasPr, a C02 laser or a nitro~en laser may be used.
A continuous ~ave laser operating in the TEM mode should be used. Advanta~eously, the laser w111 have a power outpu~
fro~ about 1 to about 20 miliwatts.
Before leaving the laser 60, the beam is expanded by way of a suitable lens, e.g. a standard microscope objective lens, located at the front end 61 of laser 60.
The expanded beam from laser 60 is then directed to mirror indicated at 64 (Figure l)which direc~ the beam ~wardly to a mirror 66 which direct~ the beam to mirror 68 ~ecured to ~ metal plate 70 whic~ in turn is ~ecured ~o a rod 72 pi~otally mounted trans~ersely on frame 4. A handle 78 ~ntegral ~i~h rod 72 is used for pivoting o mirror 680 A
: 15 -magnet 79 ha~ing a chamfered face 80 and attached to housing 81 ~hD~n in Figure l in phanto~ holds pl~te 70 and mirror 68 ~ in position shown in Fi~ure l. In this position mirror 68 :~ .refle~ts t~e laser beam downwardly tc a pipe coupling 82 coupling pipe-12 to a pipe 84. A portion of the laser beam is reflected from coupling 87 upwardly to a photographic ~tation 86. A portion of the laser beam is reflected from mirror 68 to a reference beam mirror 90 and thence to photo-graphic station 86. ..
~: - The laser beam is cGntrolled by a shu~ter 94 havi~g an arm 96 :(~igure 2) adapted to.block the light emanating from the lasex. Arm 96 is serured to a pivot plate 98 ~Fig-ure 2) biased t~ the shutter closed position by an extension spring 100. Pivot plate 98 is actuated by a solenoid 102 which when actuated opens the shutter 94 to permit the passage of li~ht from the laser to mirror S4.
Photographic station 86-has a transparent plate 120 ~Figure 8) of, for example; a syn~hetic resin such as an acry-lic, polycarbonate? fluoro or ~olystyrene resin. Plate 120 is ~ecured to fra~e 4 o~er an openin~ 122 in frame 4, .circular gro~e 124 contains z ring gasket 126 of for example ~u~ber which is circular in cross~ectipn and extends siightly abo~e t~e top 128 of pl~te 120,. A pair of bars 130 and 132 are secured by an ~dhesive to the top 128 of plate 120. A
transparent plate 136 of, for example, a synthPtic resin such a~ c)ne of those listed above, overlies pla~ce 12a between bars 130 ~nd 132 and is`~ivotally secured 'LO a yo~ce ~rame 149 by pins 142 ~ 144 !~igure 7~ oke :L40 is pivotally ~ecured to ~l~ck 132 by pin~ 146, 14~. The cross bar 152 of yoke 140 ~
5 is adhesi~ely secured ~o a plate 154 which in ~urn is ad-hesively secured ~o ~ block 156 through which passes ~ ~crew 157 whieh pivc~tally conneet~ bloclc 156 ko a plunE~er 158 of ~olen~id 16~. P~ un~ger 158 is loosely received in opening 161 in block 156. Solenoid 160 is mounted between standard 162 10 ~ ~ ~plit ring 16B ~ecured ~n ~r~ove 170 in plunger 158 act~
tD bias pl~ger 158 downwardly to in ~urn b-Las pla~ce 136 down-~ardly .
A conventional ~ilm cartridge 18 0 (Figure 7 ~ i; ro tatably supported by a cartridge holder 182 mounted vn frame 15 4 and supplies film 184 which is wound onto a reel 186. Advan-tageously, film 184 i~ a high resolu~ion ilm ~uch as Kodak*
649F of ~he Eastman Kodak Co. Reel 186 is mcunt.ed for rotation on cone 188 m~unted on a spring metal tab 190 and a hub 194 which i~ splined to a ~pindle 196 driven by m~or 200. Film 2D 184 lies between plate 136 and gasket 126. Film 184, gas~et 126 and plate 120 form a very shallow developing chamber 210.
The chamber 210 will have a dep~h (i.e., the distance between the emulsion side of film 1~4 and plate 120~ of fr~m abDut .005"
to about .125", preferably fr~m ab~ut .005" to about .080'l.
25 Advantageously the depth will be from ab~ut .~15" to ab~ut .025".
The thus formed chamber is circular.
The plate 120 ha~ a supply conduit 214 tFigure 7) ha~ing ~ reduced ~mall diameter p~r~ion 216 in communication with chamber 210 and a dischar~e conduit 218 having a reduced small diameter 30 p~rtion 220 in communication with chamber 210. ~he reduced diameter portions 216 ~nd 220 communicate with chamber 210 d-~acent the periphery and diametrically opposite to each other.
The diameter of these conduits is ~mall to inhibit liquid fr~m flowing out of ch~mber 210 when no pumps are running. Advan-35 tage~usly tney will have a diameter in the range of from about1/32" ~o ab~ut 7/32'~ with the portion 216 preferably having a diameter larges ~han that of portion 220.
*TrademarX
Cc~nduit ~14 is c~nnected tc> a line 230 tFigure 9) t~ which is connected a ~en~ line 232 cc~ntaining a check ua~ve 234 t~ p~event f~luid :Erom passing through the verlt line ~hen it is being pumped ~co chamber 210. :I,ine 230 is 5 connected by l;ne 236 Lo a valve 238 and a valve 240. Valve 238 is cc~nnected to line 244 and 1 ine 246. Valve 238 is a t~ positi~rl valve connec~cing line 244 ~co either line ~36 or line 246 j the normal positlon bein~ ~he connec~ion t~ line 246. LiTae 244 h~s a rheck ~alve 250 and is c:Qnnected to a 10 pump 252 which i~ connec~ed ~y line 2~4 ~o a ~upply tanlc 256 "naving a veD.t 257 and c9ntaining ~ater 258. Line 246 cvn-tains a check. valve 264 and is comlected co drain line 266 which discharges into a ~ank 268 having a ~ent 269. L1nPS
244 and 266 are long and flexible to permit locating pump 15 252 and tank~ 256 and 2$8 at a remote loczti~ separate from ~he main p~rtion of apparatus 2.
Valve 240 is connected ~o line 272 whi~h is con-nected to l~ne 246 and is connec~ed to line ~74. Valve 240 is a tw~-~ay val~e connecting ~ine 274 to either line 272 or 20 line 236 with the connection to line ~72 being ~he normal position. Line 2~4 contains 2 check valve 276 and is con-nected to a pump 278 which in ~urn is connec~ed to a line 280 which is adapted to pick up a developing-fixing bath ~nobath) 28~ from a tank 2~4 which has a vent 286. A
25 typical monobath is Xoaak ~;48 of the Eastman Kodak Co. Line 274 is long and flexi.ble so that pump 278 ~nd tank 284 can be placed at a remote locatic~n away from the main part of apparatus 2.
Discharge conduit 2~8 is connected to line 29û
30 whirh is connected to pump 292 w~ich discharges into line 266.
Pump 292 is, for example, a rubber vane type pump whi.ch will nGt pass fluid when stopped~ A line 294 containing check ~al~e ~96 is in parallel ~ith pump 292 to bypass pump 292.
A ~uic~ diseonnec fitt;ng 295 OEi~ure 2) i~ provided for 35 lines 244, 266 and 274.
Referring to Figure 10, the apparatus 2 is energized by a 12-v~lt .ctery indica~ed at 300 t~. positive sidP o:E
~hi rh is cDnnected ~co a line 310 ct7ntainiTIg a main power swi~cch ~ll2 and the negative side ~f which is connected Lo a line 314.
Pow~r supply 62 is connec~ed to line 310 by line 316 and is connected to the negative side s:f bactery 300 through lines 31e, 320 an~ 314 Laser 60 is oonnected to the power supply 6~ by lines 322 and 324. A ~cimer swi~ch 33U having a momen-'cary stsrting sw tch 334 controls shutter st~lenoid 102. Timer 330 is c~nnec~ed by llne 332 t~ line 3~0 a~d lby line 336 to line ~L~ 310. Timer sw:atch 330 con~crols shutter solenoid 102 being oon nected there~co by lines 340 and 33~. Solenoid ln2 can also be ac~ivated by olosiIlg ~;witch 400 in line 310 which is connected to line 338~ ;lIne 340 being c~or~ec~ed t~ line 332 ~hrough line 346. Timer 330 i~ controlled ~y ~ photo-electric cell shown 15 a~c 350.
A~ microproce~sor 302 is programrned ~co carry out the sequential operations required~ The use Df microprocessors for sequencing operations is conven~ n~l. Other means such as a mechanical stepping switch may be employed~ Microprocessor 20 302 is onnected ~o line 310 by lisle 360 and line 314 by line 352. As indica~ed by br~cen lines 370, 371s 372, 374 and 376 p~wer to m~tor 200, solenoid 160 and pumps 252, 278 and 292 is respectively controlled by microprocess~r 302. Likewise broken lines 380 and 382 indicate the control of power to valves 238 25 and 240 respectively by microprocessor 302. A quick discon-nect fitting 386 ~Figure 2~ is provided for connec~ing the nec-essary lines to motor 200, solenoid 160, solenoid 102 and power supply 62 to the remaining circuitry.
Operations 3D The operation of the appafatus 2 will be evident fro~
the foll~wing description. The apparatus 2 is mounted on pipe 1~ with the pipe received in arcuate p3rticns 10 of saddles 8 and is secured by straps 26~ 2~
Fo~ start-u~ of the apparatus ~ film cartridge 18û
is placed in film holder 182 (Figure 2) and film 184 is threade~
between ~asket 126 ~nd plate 136 while solenoid plunger 15~ is held upwardly by hand to raise plate 136 a-bove gasket 126.
The ilm is threaded into reel 186 and 97~
plunger 15~ ~s released permil:ting pla~ce 136 to hold the film securely against ~asket :L26.
Switch. 312 is closes~ to ener~giæe lase~ 6D and pro-~ide power to mic~p~rcess~r :302. Shutter 94 keeps the laser 5 beam from reaching mirror 64.
Momentary ~witeh 30:L is closed to ini~ciate the ~action of microprocess3r 302 whis~h then ac~l~ates pumps 252 and 278 ~Figure ~ for a pre-determined period o time of 3 fo2 example five seconds causing water t~ be p~7ed through ~3 line5 2S4, 244, line 246 and line ~66 ~o was~e tank 268.
At the same t~me monobath is pumped through lines 280, 274 272, 246 and 266 to drain ~ank 268. The pul~ose of ~hi~
operation is tc) purge air ~ut c~ the liquid supply system.
Next~ mcmelltary ~w~tch 304 is closed causing micro-15 proce~sor 302 to energl:ze solenc~id 160 to raise plunger 158igure 8) and thus piv~t frame 140 (Fi~ure ~ to raise plate 13~ and ~hen energ~zes m~tor 200 for a peri~d of time ~uf~
ficient to advance film 184 a distance ~lightly greater than the inner diameter of gasket 126. As soon as motor 200 i~
20 stopped, the microprocessor deenergizes soleno;d 160 causing spr~ng 166 to move plunger 158 downwardly t~ pivot frame 140 to lower plate 136 onto the film and hold it against gasket 126, the piv~tlng of plate 136 by pins 142 and 144 insuring that plate 136 will be parallel to gasket 126 and press the 25 film uniformly against the gasket.
After the above described operatiGns ha~e been com pleted, microprocessor 302 activates pump 252 (Fi~ure 9) and valve 238 causing water to be pumped int~ ~evelopin~ chamber 210. The circular nature of the chamber and its small depth 30 permitting the surface tension of the liquids employed to provi~e a capillary type action insuring ~hat even when ~he apparatus 2 is spatially oriented 0 that the reduced di~meter pcrtion 216 of ~upply conduit 214 is located at the top of chamber 210~ the in flowing liquid ~rces ail ~f the fluid ~5 out of the chamber 210. Thus, in all orientations, the water pumped into chamber 210 thruugh line 244 ~alve 238 line 236 and line 230 forces out all the air ;n cham~er 210 through ~2~
-- ~o --conduit 218 and lines 290, 294 and 266 to waste container 268. During this operation pump 292 blocks the flow of fluid therethrough being fluid tight when at rest. When chamber 210 has been filled with water, microprocessor 302 stops pump 2527 deenergizes valve 238 and ceases operation for the time being.
Momentary switch 33~ is now closed to activate timer switch 330 which immediately activates shutter solenoid 102 to permit the laser beam to be directed by mirrors 64, 66 and 68 (Figure 1) onto coupling 82 and thence reflected througn opening 122 onto film 184 (Figure 8). The photoelectric cell 350 measures the intensity of the light being reflected to cause timer 330 to vary the length of time that solenoid 102 energized. After solenoid 102 is deenergized by timerswitch 330 causing spring 100 to close shutter 96 and block off the laser beam~ coupling 82 is stressed, for example, by pressurizing the piping system in which pipes 12 and 84 are found. Then cwitch 334 is again used to activate timer switch 330 to again expose film 1840 After the shutter closes, momentary switch 304 is again closed to initiate the developing and fixing of the film. Microprocessor 302 activates pump 278 and valve 240 (Figure 9) causing monobath 282 to be pumped through lines 280, 274, valve 240 and lines236 and 230 into developing chamber 210 to displace the water therein which passes through lines 290, 294 and 266 to waste tank 268. The configuration of chamber 210 insures the expelling of all of the water from the chamber. The microprocessor 302 then deactivates pump 278 and valve 240. Normally the developing and fixing time is about three seconds. Having provided sufficient time for developing and ~ixing of the film, microprocessor 302 again activates pump 252 and va~ve 238 to wash the monobath from chamber 210 and rinse the film with water. Microprocessor 302 then deactivates pump 252 and valve 238.
The thus produced hologram can be viewed by using 3S handle 78 to rotate mirror 68 counter-clockwise as viewed in Figure 1 to a position toreflect the laser beam from mirrar 6~ upwardly thrc~u~h fi.Lm 184 wh;le activating, ~he shutter s~le2l~id :102 lby cl~sillg switch ~sD0 whieh parallels -_ltimer 330. At ~his ~ta,ge~ if desired, a phc~tograph of the h~ gram may be ttaken by direoting a camera towards ~plate 136. ~ILnstant cal3era such as are made by Pc)laroid* and Eastm~n K~dak ~are e~nvenient f~r this purpose.
When it ~:E; desired to make ~c~he nex'L hologram, ~witch 384 ~n micrc~prc)cessor 302 is closed causin~ m;cro~
prc~e~gor to activate pump 2~2 whïch wi~chdraws all :ILiquid 10 f~m ch~m~er ~10 throug~ cc~nduit 218 and line 290 and di~-charges it ~hrc~ugh line 266 in~o waste cont~iner 268. During ~his speTation air i6 ~uppli:ed to chamber 210 throu~h check ~al~re 234 and ~eTit line 232 and line 230. The apparatu~ i~
now ready to commence a new cycle of operation w~i~h is 15 initiated by closing momentary switch 304 to ad~rance ;1m 184, the purg~ng step caused by clos;ng switch 301 on~y being used once at the initial ~tart up of ~esting operati~ns and not necessary when repeated ~ests are being made.
It is evident that the above apparatus can lbe used 20 for real time holography by ~imply develop;r~g ~ilm 184 ater one exposure and than viewing the film with the laser beam being reflected from the pipe placf~d under a condition of stre~s .
The appara~u~ described above can be used withou~
2~ any hou5in~ to keep out light if it is to be used in ~ room which can 'be darkened. Housing 81 is necessary for th~ ex-cllasion of outside light when the apparatus is to be employed ln the field. Housing 81 has a dependîrlg portion 396 with an open bc~tom opposite ph~tog~raphi.c ~tatlon 86. When em-30 ployed, hou~.in~ 81 is received in a trou~ 401 ~ecured Soframe 4 and ~ecured thereto by scre~s indicated at 402. A
light excludiTIg shroud 404 comprises black sid~ cloths 406 and 408 and end ~lack cloths 410 and 412. Each of the cl oths 406 and 408, 410 and 412 has its uppper end adhesively secured5 to depending p~rtion 396 of housing 8i~ As illustrated in e 14, the side clt~ths 406 and 408 are wr~pped around pipes 12 and 84 ~nd ~oupling 82 and held together by a strip * Trademark of ~dhesive tape i.ndicated at 414. The end cloths 410 and 412 are draped t)ver pipes ~4 and 12, respective.ly and ~athered against eloLn~ 4ub and 408 lto bl~ck the entry of light through th end~ of the shroud. Such ~ ~hrc)ud i6 conventional as seel-~ v.~. ~.
5 from~1 Patent ~,171,914.
H~usmg 81 ha~ a :Ligh~-tight ccver 420 piv~tally cDnneeted ~o ht~using 81 ~t 422 and covering opening 424 which w~eD c~ver 42 0 is open permits sriewing of the phc~tc?,grap~ic ~tati~n 86. A handle 4~8 is attached to hc~using 81 to facil-10 itate earrying the apparatus.
As di~cussed ~bc~ie the cont~ur o ~he periphery ~f~he de~elDpî~ng c:h~m6er always c~nges direction ~t an angle of greater than 125~. This permits numert~us differerlt configura ti~ns . - -In F~gure 15 there is an alterrlative transparent plate 12DA which is i:denticaï to plate 120 having a supply conduit 214A and a discharge cs:~nduit 216~ but has an elliptica]
grDove 124A containing a gasket 1~6A.
An alternati~re transparent plate 120B ~Figure I6) is 20 ideIItical t~ pla~ce 120 having a supply ec>nduit 214B and a dis-charge conduit 218B but has a decagonal groove 124B and a gaskE
126B thereirl.
An alternative transparent plate 120C (Figure 17) is identical to plate 120 and has a supply c~ndui~c 214C and a 25 discharge conduit 218C but has a gr~ove 124C having straight sides! 450 and 452 and curved portions 454 and 456. A gasket 126C is in gro~ve 124C.
All of the plates 120A, 12DB and 120C with their associated gaskets will form df~veloping chambers with plate 13 30 havin~ peripheries with suitable c~ntours.
It will be underst~od that the above described appar-atus i~ illustrative and is not intended to be limiting.
.
light excludiTIg shroud 404 comprises black sid~ cloths 406 and 408 and end ~lack cloths 410 and 412. Each of the cl oths 406 and 408, 410 and 412 has its uppper end adhesively secured5 to depending p~rtion 396 of housing 8i~ As illustrated in e 14, the side clt~ths 406 and 408 are wr~pped around pipes 12 and 84 ~nd ~oupling 82 and held together by a strip * Trademark of ~dhesive tape i.ndicated at 414. The end cloths 410 and 412 are draped t)ver pipes ~4 and 12, respective.ly and ~athered against eloLn~ 4ub and 408 lto bl~ck the entry of light through th end~ of the shroud. Such ~ ~hrc)ud i6 conventional as seel-~ v.~. ~.
5 from~1 Patent ~,171,914.
H~usmg 81 ha~ a :Ligh~-tight ccver 420 piv~tally cDnneeted ~o ht~using 81 ~t 422 and covering opening 424 which w~eD c~ver 42 0 is open permits sriewing of the phc~tc?,grap~ic ~tati~n 86. A handle 4~8 is attached to hc~using 81 to facil-10 itate earrying the apparatus.
As di~cussed ~bc~ie the cont~ur o ~he periphery ~f~he de~elDpî~ng c:h~m6er always c~nges direction ~t an angle of greater than 125~. This permits numert~us differerlt configura ti~ns . - -In F~gure 15 there is an alterrlative transparent plate 12DA which is i:denticaï to plate 120 having a supply conduit 214A and a discharge cs:~nduit 216~ but has an elliptica]
grDove 124A containing a gasket 1~6A.
An alternati~re transparent plate 120B ~Figure I6) is 20 ideIItical t~ pla~ce 120 having a supply ec>nduit 214B and a dis-charge conduit 218B but has a decagonal groove 124B and a gaskE
126B thereirl.
An alternative transparent plate 120C (Figure 17) is identical to plate 120 and has a supply c~ndui~c 214C and a 25 discharge conduit 218C but has a gr~ove 124C having straight sides! 450 and 452 and curved portions 454 and 456. A gasket 126C is in gro~ve 124C.
All of the plates 120A, 12DB and 120C with their associated gaskets will form df~veloping chambers with plate 13 30 havin~ peripheries with suitable c~ntours.
It will be underst~od that the above described appar-atus i~ illustrative and is not intended to be limiting.
.
Claims (35)
1. Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws com-prising;
a photographic station, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a substantially circular developing chamber with a transparent face opposite the emulsion side of the film and having a depth in the range of from about . 005" to about O 080", means for supplying to and removing from the chamber a liquid for processing the film, means for mounting the photographic station with its transparent face opposite an article to be tested, means for directing a laser beam to the article for reflection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber to the film, and means for directing a reference beam through said face to the film.
a photographic station, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a substantially circular developing chamber with a transparent face opposite the emulsion side of the film and having a depth in the range of from about . 005" to about O 080", means for supplying to and removing from the chamber a liquid for processing the film, means for mounting the photographic station with its transparent face opposite an article to be tested, means for directing a laser beam to the article for reflection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber to the film, and means for directing a reference beam through said face to the film.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 having means for supplying to and removing from the chamber water.
3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 having means for repeatedly supplying film to the photographic station.
4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 in which the depth of the chamber is in the range from about .015' to about .025".
5. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 in which the means for supplying and removing includes a supply con-duit and a discharge conduit connected to the chamber at substantially opposite points and adjacent the periphery of the chamber.
6. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 in which the means for forming the developing chamber includes a trans-parent plate, a circular recess therein, a gasket in the recess extending beyond the surface of the plate and an opposing transparent plate for holding a portion of photographic film against the gasket.
7. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 in which the means for directing the laser beam has a shutter for cutting off the laser beam.
8. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 in which the means for directing the laser beam includes a pivotally mounted mirror for reflecting the laser beam to an article to be tested in one position and for reflecting the laser beam directly to the transparent face in a second position for viewing developed film.
9. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 having means for mounting the apparatus on various diameter pipes including a pair of saddles each having a central arcuate portions each having a radius substantially larger than the radius of the first mentioned arcuate portion and providing support points for pipes of a radius substantially larger than the radius of the first mentioned arcuate portion.
10. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 having light shielding means for preventing unwanted light from reaching the photographic station.
11. Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws com-prising:
a photographic station, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a substantially circular developing chamber with a transparent face opposite the emulsion side of the film and having a depth in the range of from about .005" to about .080", a supply conduit and a discharge conduit connected to the developing chamber at substantially opposite points and adjacent the periphery of the chamber, means for pumping a processing liquid through said supply conduit, means for repeatedly supplying film to the photo-graphic station, means for mounting the photographic station with its transparent face opposite an article to be tested, means for directing a laser beam to the article for reflection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber, and means for directing a reference beam through said transparent face of the chamber.
a photographic station, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a substantially circular developing chamber with a transparent face opposite the emulsion side of the film and having a depth in the range of from about .005" to about .080", a supply conduit and a discharge conduit connected to the developing chamber at substantially opposite points and adjacent the periphery of the chamber, means for pumping a processing liquid through said supply conduit, means for repeatedly supplying film to the photo-graphic station, means for mounting the photographic station with its transparent face opposite an article to be tested, means for directing a laser beam to the article for reflection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber, and means for directing a reference beam through said transparent face of the chamber.
12. Apparatus in accordance with claim 11 in which the means for forming the developing chamber includes a trans-parent plate, a circular recess therein, a gasket in the recess extending beyond the surface of the plate and an op-posing transparent plate for holding a portion of the photo-graphic film against the gasket.
13. Apparatus in accordance with claims 11 or 12 having a pump connected to the discharge conduit.
14. In hologram apparatus for detecting flaws:
a first transparent plate having a circular gasket receiving recess, a circular gasket in said recess extending beyond the adjacent face of the plate, a supply conduit and a discharge conduit for com-municating with said face of the first transparent plate at substantially opposite points adjacent and inside of the gasket, a second transparent plate opposite the first plate adapted to urge a portion of a photographic film against the gasket, means for raising and lowering the second plate to permit film advance, means for advancing the photographic film between the gasket and the second plate, means for pumping water through said supply con-duit, means for pumping processing liquid through said supply conduit, means for exhausting liquid from the chamber formed by said first transparent plate, the gasket and a film pressed against the gasket by the second transparent plate, a laser, means for directing the beam of the laser to the article to be tested for reflection from the article through the first transparent plate, and means for directing a reference beam through the first plate.
a first transparent plate having a circular gasket receiving recess, a circular gasket in said recess extending beyond the adjacent face of the plate, a supply conduit and a discharge conduit for com-municating with said face of the first transparent plate at substantially opposite points adjacent and inside of the gasket, a second transparent plate opposite the first plate adapted to urge a portion of a photographic film against the gasket, means for raising and lowering the second plate to permit film advance, means for advancing the photographic film between the gasket and the second plate, means for pumping water through said supply con-duit, means for pumping processing liquid through said supply conduit, means for exhausting liquid from the chamber formed by said first transparent plate, the gasket and a film pressed against the gasket by the second transparent plate, a laser, means for directing the beam of the laser to the article to be tested for reflection from the article through the first transparent plate, and means for directing a reference beam through the first plate.
15. Apparatus in accordance with claim 14 in which the circular gasket extends beyond the adjacent face of the first transparent plate a distance of from about .005" to about .080".
16. Apparatus in accordance with claim 14 in which the means for directing the beam of the laser to the article to be tested includes a pivotally mounted mirror for reflect-ing the laser beam to the article to be tested in one position and for reflecting the laser beam directly to the first trans-parent plate in a second position.
17. Apparatus in accordance with claim 14 in which the circular gasket extends beyond the adjacent face of the first transparent plate a distance of from about .005" to about .080" and in which the means for directing the beam of the laser to the article to be tested includes a pivotally mounted mirror for reflecting the laser beam to the article to be tested in the position and for reflecting the laser beam directly to the first transparent plate in a second position.
18. Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws com-prising a housing having an opening, a photographic station in the housing, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a circular chamber with a transparent face facing the opening of the housing and having a depth in the range of from about .005"
to about .080", a supply conduit and a discharge conduit connected at generally opposite points and adjacent the periphery of the chamber, means for supplying a liquid for processing film to the supply conduit, means for supplying water to the supply conduit, a pump connected to the discharge conduit for evacuating liquid from the chamber, a vent line having a check valve for supplying air to the chamber when said pump is operating, means for mounting the housing with its opening next to an article to be tested for flaws with the portion of the article to be tested opposite the transparent face of the chamber, means for directing a laser beam to the article for reflection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber, and a reference beam mirror for reflecting a portion of the laser beam through the transparent face of the chamber.
to about .080", a supply conduit and a discharge conduit connected at generally opposite points and adjacent the periphery of the chamber, means for supplying a liquid for processing film to the supply conduit, means for supplying water to the supply conduit, a pump connected to the discharge conduit for evacuating liquid from the chamber, a vent line having a check valve for supplying air to the chamber when said pump is operating, means for mounting the housing with its opening next to an article to be tested for flaws with the portion of the article to be tested opposite the transparent face of the chamber, means for directing a laser beam to the article for reflection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber, and a reference beam mirror for reflecting a portion of the laser beam through the transparent face of the chamber.
19. A photographic station comprising;
a first transparent plate having a circular gasket receiving recess in one face, a circular gasket in said recess extending from about .005" to about .125" beyond said face of the plate, a supply conduit and a discharge conduit for communi-cating with said face of the first transparent plate at substan-tially opposite points adjacent and inside of the gasket, a second transparent plate opposite the first plate adapted to urge a portion of a photographic film against the gasket.
means for raising and lowering the second plate to permit film advance, means for advancing the photographic film between the gasket and the second plate, means for pumping water and processing liquid through said supply conduit, and means for exhausting liquid from the chamber formed by said first transparent plate, the gasket and the film pressed against the gasket by the second transparent plate.
a first transparent plate having a circular gasket receiving recess in one face, a circular gasket in said recess extending from about .005" to about .125" beyond said face of the plate, a supply conduit and a discharge conduit for communi-cating with said face of the first transparent plate at substan-tially opposite points adjacent and inside of the gasket, a second transparent plate opposite the first plate adapted to urge a portion of a photographic film against the gasket.
means for raising and lowering the second plate to permit film advance, means for advancing the photographic film between the gasket and the second plate, means for pumping water and processing liquid through said supply conduit, and means for exhausting liquid from the chamber formed by said first transparent plate, the gasket and the film pressed against the gasket by the second transparent plate.
20. Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws com-prising:
a photographic station, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a substantially circular developing chamber with a transparent face opposite the emulsion side of the film and having a depth in the range of from about .005" to about .125", means for supplying to and removing from the chamber a liquid for processing the film, means for mounting the photographic station with its transparent face opposite an article to be tested, means for directing a laser beam to the article for reflection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber the film, and means for directing a reference beam through said face to the film.
a photographic station, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a substantially circular developing chamber with a transparent face opposite the emulsion side of the film and having a depth in the range of from about .005" to about .125", means for supplying to and removing from the chamber a liquid for processing the film, means for mounting the photographic station with its transparent face opposite an article to be tested, means for directing a laser beam to the article for reflection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber the film, and means for directing a reference beam through said face to the film.
21. Apparatus in accordance with claim 20 having means for supplying to and removing from the chamber water.
22. Apparatus in accordance with claim 20 having means for repeatedly supplying film to the photographic station.
23. Apparatus in accordance with claim 20 in which the depth of the chamber is in the range from about . 015"
to about .025".
to about .025".
24. Apparatus in accordance with claim 20 in which the means for supplying and removing includes a supply con-duit and a discharge conduit connected to the chamber at substantially opposite points and adjacent the periphery of the chamber.
25. Apparatus in accordance with claim 20 in which the means for forming the developing chamber includes a tran parent plate, a circular recess therein, a gasket in the rec extending beyond the surface of the plate and an opposing transparent plate for holding a portion of photographic film against the gasket.
26. Apparatus in accordance with claim 20 in which the means for directing the laser beam has a shutter for cutting off the laser beam.
27. Apparatus in accordance with claim 20 in which the means for directing the laser beam includes a pivotally mounted mirror for reflecting the laser beam to an article to be tested in one position and for reflecting the laser beam directly to the transparent face in a second position for viewing developed film.
28. Apparatus in accordance with claim 20 having means for mouting the apparatus on various diameter pipes including a pair of saddles each having a central arcuate portions each having a radius substantially larger than the radius of the first mentioned arcuate portion and providing support points for pipes of a radius substantially larger than the radius of the first mentioned arcuate portion.
29. Apparatus in accordance with claim 20 having light shielding means for preventing unwanted light from reaching the photographic station.
30. Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws com-prising:
a photographic station, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a substantially circular developing chamber with a transparent face opposite the emulsion side of the film and having a depth in the range of from about .005" to about .125", a supply conduit and a discharge conduit connected to the developing chamber at substantially opposite points and adjacent the periphery of the chamber, means for pumping a processing liquid through said supply conduit, means for repeatedly supplying film to the photo-graphic station, means for mounting the photographic station with its transparent face opposite an article to be tested, means for directing a laser beam to the article for relection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber, and means for directing a reference beam through said transparent face of the chamber.
a photographic station, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a substantially circular developing chamber with a transparent face opposite the emulsion side of the film and having a depth in the range of from about .005" to about .125", a supply conduit and a discharge conduit connected to the developing chamber at substantially opposite points and adjacent the periphery of the chamber, means for pumping a processing liquid through said supply conduit, means for repeatedly supplying film to the photo-graphic station, means for mounting the photographic station with its transparent face opposite an article to be tested, means for directing a laser beam to the article for relection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber, and means for directing a reference beam through said transparent face of the chamber.
31. Apparatus in accordance with claim 30 in which the means for forming the developing chamber includes a trans-parent plate, a circular recess therein, a gasket in the recess extending beyond the surface of the plate and an op-posing transparent plate for holding a portion of the photo-graphic film against the gasket.
32. Apparatus in accordance with claims 30 or 31 having a pump connected to the discharge conduit.
33. Apparatus in accordance with claim 14 in which the circular gasket extends beyond the adjacent face of the first transparent plate a distance of from about .005" to about .125".
34. Apparatus in accordance with claim 14 in which the circular gasket extends beyond the adjacent face of the first transparent plate a distance of from about .005" to about .125" and in which the means for directing the beam of the laser to the article to be tested includes a pivotally mounted mirror for reflecting the laser beam to the article to be tested in one position and for reflecting the laser beam directly to the first transparent plate in a second position.
35. Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws com-prising:
a housing having an opening, a photographic station in the housing, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a circular chamber with a transparent face facing the opening of the housing and having a depth in the range of from about .005"
to about .125", a supply conduit and a discharge conduit connected at generally opposite points and adjacent the periphery of the chamber, means for supplying a liquid for processing film to the supply conduit, means for supplying water to the supply conduit, a pump connected to the discharge conduit for evacuating liquid from the chamber, a vent line having a check valve for supplying air to the chamber when said pump is operating, means for mounting the housing with its opening next to an article to be tested for flaws with the portion of the article to be tested opposite the transparent face of the chamber, means for directing a laser beam to the article for reflection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber, and a reference beam mirror for reflecting a portion of the laser beam through the transparent face of the chamber.
a housing having an opening, a photographic station in the housing, said photographic station having means for forming with the emulsion side of a photographic film a circular chamber with a transparent face facing the opening of the housing and having a depth in the range of from about .005"
to about .125", a supply conduit and a discharge conduit connected at generally opposite points and adjacent the periphery of the chamber, means for supplying a liquid for processing film to the supply conduit, means for supplying water to the supply conduit, a pump connected to the discharge conduit for evacuating liquid from the chamber, a vent line having a check valve for supplying air to the chamber when said pump is operating, means for mounting the housing with its opening next to an article to be tested for flaws with the portion of the article to be tested opposite the transparent face of the chamber, means for directing a laser beam to the article for reflection from the article through the transparent face of the chamber, and a reference beam mirror for reflecting a portion of the laser beam through the transparent face of the chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000448187A CA1210972A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1984-02-23 | Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws and photographic apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19434380A | 1980-10-06 | 1980-10-06 | |
| US194,343 | 1980-10-06 | ||
| US284,634 | 1981-07-20 | ||
| US06/284,634 US4462668A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-07-20 | Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws with developing chamber |
| CA000387215A CA1167296A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-10-02 | Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws and photographic apparatus |
| CA000448187A CA1210972A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1984-02-23 | Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws and photographic apparatus |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000387215A Division CA1167296A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-10-02 | Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws and photographic apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1210972A true CA1210972A (en) | 1986-09-09 |
Family
ID=27167147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000448187A Expired CA1210972A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1984-02-23 | Hologram apparatus for detecting flaws and photographic apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1210972A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-02-23 CA CA000448187A patent/CA1210972A/en not_active Expired
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
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| MKEX | Expiry |
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