CA1206320A - Two piece casting wheel - Google Patents
Two piece casting wheelInfo
- Publication number
- CA1206320A CA1206320A CA000432290A CA432290A CA1206320A CA 1206320 A CA1206320 A CA 1206320A CA 000432290 A CA000432290 A CA 000432290A CA 432290 A CA432290 A CA 432290A CA 1206320 A CA1206320 A CA 1206320A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wheel
- rim
- core
- coolant
- recited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/005—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/068—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces
- B22D11/0682—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces by cooling the casting wheel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
TWO PIECE CASTING WHEEL
The invention provides a chilled casting wheel. An annular wheel core member has axially extend-ing channels formed about a circumferential, outer peri-pheral surface thereof and is adapted to rotate about a concentric axis of rotation. A cylindrical t axially extending wheel rim member concentrically connected to the core peripheral surface has a preselected interfer-ence fit therewith to provide a preselected residual, circumferential stress within the rim. A coolant mechanism directs a fluid coolant to the interior surface of the rim and through the channels.
TWO PIECE CASTING WHEEL
The invention provides a chilled casting wheel. An annular wheel core member has axially extend-ing channels formed about a circumferential, outer peri-pheral surface thereof and is adapted to rotate about a concentric axis of rotation. A cylindrical t axially extending wheel rim member concentrically connected to the core peripheral surface has a preselected interfer-ence fit therewith to provide a preselected residual, circumferential stress within the rim. A coolant mechanism directs a fluid coolant to the interior surface of the rim and through the channels.
Description
~2~)163~
DESCRIPTION
TWO PIECE CASTING WHEEL
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a chill casting wheel for the con~inuous castiny of filamentary material.
More particularly, the invention relates to casting wheels used to cast glassy metal filaments.
DESCRIPTION
TWO PIECE CASTING WHEEL
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a chill casting wheel for the con~inuous castiny of filamentary material.
More particularly, the invention relates to casting wheels used to cast glassy metal filaments.
2. Description of the Prior Art __ __ : In the production of glassy alloy continuous ~: filaments, typically an appropriate molten alloy is quenched at extreme quench rates, usually at least about 104C per second by extruding the molten alloy from a pressurized reservoir through an extrusion nozzle onto a high speed rotating quench surface a~ is repr2sentative-ly shown in U.S. Patent 4,142,571 for ~Continuous Cast-ing Method ~or Metallic Strips" issued March 6, 1978 to Narasimhan Such filaments are necessarily thin, typically about 25-100 microns, due ~o the extreme heat transer ra~e required to prevent substantial crystallization, though consider-20 able selectivity may be exercised respecting the trans~
dimensions and cross-section of the filament.
U.SO Patent No. 4,307,771 for ~Force-Con~ec-tion-Cooled Casting Wheel" issued December 29, 1981 to S. Draizen, et al. shows a casting wheel having a thick stiffening section which suppor~s ~he quench surface and contains peripheral, drilled coolant passages located in proximity to the quench surface. The wheel is con-structed to resist crowning-type distortions where the casting wheel radius at the quench surface edges becomes less than the wheel radius at the quench surface circum-ferential center line. When casting wide filaments -5 greater than about 5 cm in width, however, such stiffened casting wheels do not provide sufficient crowning resis-tance.
Contoured quench surfaces have been used to address the crowning problem on rollers. However, cast-ing wheels with contoured quench surfaces have been I unsatisfactory because each particular contoured surface I is effective only when specific use conditions of i temperature and filament width are met. A varia$ion in filament width, extrusion temperature or filament quench rate prevents the contoured surface from properlycompensating for crowning-type distortions. Other 1 problems with contoured quencb surfaces include the cost I and difficulty of initially machining the complex contours on the casting wheel quench surface and of periodically refurbishing the quench surface to~maintain ! the precise contour.
Thus, ordinary casting wheels remain suscepti-¦ ble to crowning-type distortion problems, especially when wider filaments are cast~ The wheels are difficult to refurbish and are unable to satisfactorily cast fila-ments having varied widths or requiring varied quench ratesO
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a chilled casting wheel that resists crowning, affords uniform quenching of wide ribbon and is economical ~o manufacture and refurbish. Generally stated, the casting wheel includes an annular wheel core member which has axially extending channels formed about a circumferential, outer peripheral surface thereof and is adapted to rotate about a concentric axis of rotation. A cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member is concentrically connected to the core peripheral surface and has a pre-:
dimensions and cross-section of the filament.
U.SO Patent No. 4,307,771 for ~Force-Con~ec-tion-Cooled Casting Wheel" issued December 29, 1981 to S. Draizen, et al. shows a casting wheel having a thick stiffening section which suppor~s ~he quench surface and contains peripheral, drilled coolant passages located in proximity to the quench surface. The wheel is con-structed to resist crowning-type distortions where the casting wheel radius at the quench surface edges becomes less than the wheel radius at the quench surface circum-ferential center line. When casting wide filaments -5 greater than about 5 cm in width, however, such stiffened casting wheels do not provide sufficient crowning resis-tance.
Contoured quench surfaces have been used to address the crowning problem on rollers. However, cast-ing wheels with contoured quench surfaces have been I unsatisfactory because each particular contoured surface I is effective only when specific use conditions of i temperature and filament width are met. A varia$ion in filament width, extrusion temperature or filament quench rate prevents the contoured surface from properlycompensating for crowning-type distortions. Other 1 problems with contoured quencb surfaces include the cost I and difficulty of initially machining the complex contours on the casting wheel quench surface and of periodically refurbishing the quench surface to~maintain ! the precise contour.
Thus, ordinary casting wheels remain suscepti-¦ ble to crowning-type distortion problems, especially when wider filaments are cast~ The wheels are difficult to refurbish and are unable to satisfactorily cast fila-ments having varied widths or requiring varied quench ratesO
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a chilled casting wheel that resists crowning, affords uniform quenching of wide ribbon and is economical ~o manufacture and refurbish. Generally stated, the casting wheel includes an annular wheel core member which has axially extending channels formed about a circumferential, outer peripheral surface thereof and is adapted to rotate about a concentric axis of rotation. A cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member is concentrically connected to the core peripheral surface and has a pre-:
3~
selected interference fit therewith ~o provide a pre-selected residual, circumferential tensile stress within the rim~ A coolant means directs a fluid coolant to the interior surface of the rim and through the channels of the wheel core.
¦ In a preferred embodiment, the casting wheel ¦ of the invention includes a hub shaft member which has a concentric axis of rotation and two axial end portions.
Each end portion delimits an axial coolant chamber hav-ing at least one, but preferably a plurality of coolant i supply passages communicating radially therefrcm. An annular wheel core member is concentrically connected to the hub shaft and adapted to rota~e therewith. The ~ wheel core has axially extending coolant channels formed 1 15 about an outer peripheral surface thereof and two axial-¦ ly facing side portions. A cylindrical, axially extend-ing wheel rim member is concentrically connected to the peripheral core surface and has a preselected inter-ference fit therewith to provide a residual, circumfer-ential tensile stress within the rim. Two annular flange members are connected concentric with the hub shaft and adjacent to each of the core side portions to delimit an annular coolant chamber at each side of the wheel core which communicates with its respective cool-ant supply passages.
The casting wheel of the invention is overeight times more resistant to crowning than ordinary casting wheels/ and is able to cast filament of greater width having more uniform dimensions and physical properties. The casting wheel provides improved heat transfer and more uniform quenching across the width of the wheel, and since the more riyid casting wheel construction has less tendency to become eccentric when rotating and subjected to thermal loads, the wheel is able to cast any width ribbon, less than the width of the wheel, at random locations across ~he quench surface without crowning problems~ In addition, the wheel is easier to refurbish because the casting wheel ~Z~3~3~D
rim can be easily replaced whenever it becomes worn or damaged. Since the wheel core and other parts are reusable, costs are greatly reduced. With the two piece construction, different, individually suited materials can be used for the wheel core and the wheel rim as requiredO Thus, the invention provides a less expensive and more versatile casting wheel that is more resistant to crowning, provides improved quenchingl is easier to maintain and refurbish and is capable of casting wider filaments than ordinary casting wheels having thickened support sections or contoured quench surfaces.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be more fully understood and further advantages will become apparent when refer-ence is made to the following detailed description of ~ the preferred embodiment of the invention and the i accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a simplifie~ perspective view of an apparatus for continuous casting of metallic strip;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the casting wheel of the invention;
¦ FIG. 3 is a frac~ional cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. l; and FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of cast-ing wheel surface crowning.
DESCRIPrlON OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
For the purposes of this invention and as used in the specification and claims, the term "filament"
is a slender body whose transverse dimensions are much smaller than its length. Thus~ the term filament includes wire, ribbon, sheet and the like of regular or irregular cross-section.
Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, a repre~
sentative apparatus for the continuous casting of a glassy alloy filament is illustrated to poin~ out the general use of the present invention. An extrusion means is comprised of a reservoir crucible 24 and an extrusion nozzle 26. Molten alloy contained in crucible ;3~2~
24 is heated by a heating element 25, and pressurization of the crucible with an inert gas extrudes a molten stream through nozzle 26 located at the base of the crucible onto ~uench surface 23 of casting wheel 22.
-5 The apparatus of this invention is suitable for forming polycrystalline strip of aluminumr tin, copper, iron, steel, stainless steel and the like.
However, metal alloys that upon rapid cooling from ; the melt form solid amorphous~ glassy structures are preferred. Such alloys are well known to those skilled in the art, and examples are disclosed in U.S. Patent t Nos. 3,427,154; 3,981,722 and othersO
FIG. 2 shows the casting wheel of the inven-tion generally at 22. An annular wheel core member 7 has axially extending channels 8 formed about a cir-cumferential, outer peripheral surface 11 thereof and is i adapted to rotate about a concentric axis of rotation 28. A cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member 10 is concentrically connected to the core peripheral surface 11 and has a preselected interference fit there-1 with to provide a preselected, residual, circumferential tensile stress within the rim. A coolant means directs a fluid coolant to the interior surface 29 of rim 10 throu~h channels 8.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show a preferred embodiment of the casting wheel of the invention wherein the coolant means is comprised generally of hub shaft member 1 and two flange members 12. In this embodiment, hub shaft member 1 has a concentric axis of rotation 28 and two axial end portions 2. The end portions delimit axialcoolant chambers 3 and 4, and at least one, but prefer-ably a plurality of coolant supply passages 5 and 6 com-municate radially from chambers 3 and 4, respectively.
An annular wheel core member 7, concentrically connected to hub shaft 1, is adapted to rotate therewith and pro-vides two axially facing side portions 9. A plurality of axially extending channels 8 are formed about the outer peripheral surface 11 of the core, and a cylin~
drical, axially extendiny wheel rim 10 is mounted thereon. Rim 10 has a preselected interference fit with ~ore 7 to provide a preselected residual/ circumferen~
tial tensile stress within rim 10. Two annular flange members 12 are connected concentric with hub shaft 1 and ad3acent to each of the core side portions 9 to delimit annular coolant chambers 13 and 14 at each side of wheel core 7 which communicate with their respective coolant supply passages 5 and 6.
Hub shaft 1 is constructed of a suitable ~ material, such as metal, and provides two opposite end i portions 2. An inlet chamber 3 is cast or machined into ; one end pcrtion and a plurality of outlet passages 5 are fonmed radially through hub shaft 1 to communicate and ~ 15 conduct coolant from chamber 3. Similarly, an outlet ¦ chamber 4 is cast or machined into ~he opposite end portion, and a plurality of passages 6 communicate radi-ally from chamber 4.
Annular wheel core member 7 is constructed of a suitable material, such as stainless steel, but pre-ferably is constructed of a material having a low coef-ficient of thermal expansion, such as INVAR (registered j trademark~, an iron-nickel alloy consisting essentially ¦ of about S4% iron and about 36% nickel. Core 7 provides ¦ 25 two axially facing side p~rtio~s 9~ and is concentric-I ally connected to hub shaft 1 by means of a conventional I annular locking assembly 15 to rotate with hub shaft 1.
i By constructing core 7 rom I~AR alloy and employing locking assembly 15, ~he casting wheel has improved dimensional stability, less runout and a reduced ten-dency to expand or become eccentric during the rilament quenching operation. Axially extending channels 8 are formed about outer peripheral surface 11 by a suitable method, such as machining. The machined channels are easier and less expensive to produce than the drilled passages employed by conventional casting ~heels.
Channels 8 allow a coolant flow across the width (mea-sured axially) of core 7 which contacts the interior surface 29 of rim 10 and thereby cools quench surface 23.
In the shown embodiment, channels 8 are spaced approxi~
mately 0.25 in (0.64 cm) apart and configured to provide a desired volume of coolant flow.
Cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim 10 is concentrically connected to peripheral core surface 11 with a preselected interference fit to provide a resi-dual, circumferential tensile stress within rim 10. A
preferred material for rim 10 is a beryllium-copper alloy because of its higher thermal conductivity~ To obtain the desired interference fi~, rim 10 is shrink fitted onto wheel core 7. For e~ample, when producing Il a 15 in diameter casting wheel, rim 10 is constructed I with an inside radius approximately 30 mils (0.076 cm) ¦ 15 smaller than the radius of peripheral surface 11. Rim 10 is then heated to a temperature of approximately ¦ 600F ~316C~ to expand the radial dimension o the rim and allow placement about surface 11 of core 7. Upon cooling, rim 10 contracts to form an interference fit onto surface 11 which produces an internal residual tensile stress within the rim of approximately 75,000 psi. It is readily apparent that various amounts of interference fit are suitable, provided the resultant residual stress is less than the yield stress of the rim material but large enough to hOld rim 10 in contact with core 7 against the thermal loads encountered during the casting operation.
Two annular radially extending support rings 20 connect to core 7 by means of an interference fit into a circumferential groove machined into each of the core side portions 9. Rings 20 support the edges of rim 10 and provide a sealing surface against which to con-nect the respective flange members 12. A plurality of openings 21 extend through ring 20 to allow coolant to flow to annular, radially extending channels 30 and 33 machined into the peripheral edges of their respective core side portions. Channels 30 and 33 are suitably sized and configured to conduct coolant between the ~L2~:~6~
respective rings 20 and channels ~O
Two annularl dished flange members 12 are connected concentric with hub shaft 1 and adjacent to each of the core side portions 9 to delimit an annular 5 inlet coolant chamber 13 at one side of core 7 and an annular outle~ coolant chamber 14 at the opposite side of core 7. Coolan~ chamber 13 communicates with axial chamber 3 through passages 5, and coolant cha~ber 14 communicates with axial chamber 4 through passages 6.
10 The outer edge of each flange 12 mates against its respective edge of rim 10 and the corresponding support '. ring 20, and is provided with a fluid seal, such as an elastomeric O-ring seal 31. The inner edge of each . flange 12 mates with hub shaft 1 and is provided with a ; 15 fluid seal, such as an elastomeric O-ring seal 32. A
plurality of coolant vanes 16, connected to core 7 and disposed within chambers 13 and 14, direct coolant radially through chambers 13 and 140 Suitable bearings 17 are positioned about hub 20 shaft 1 and are spaced from the sides of flange members ~ 12 by suitable spacers 18. Assembly nuts 19 are then j threaded onto hub shaft 1 and suitably torqued to pro-vide compressive, axial loads of a~out 12,000 lb - force which hold flange members 12 ir, sealing engagement with hub shaft 1, rim 10 and support ring~ 20. The end por-tions of hub shaft 1 are suitably connected to a source of fluid coolant by means of conventional rotating unions.
During operation, a suitable fluid coolant, such as water, flows from a source into axial chamber 3, then through passages 5 and into inlet chamber 13.
Vanes 16 direct coolant through openings 21 in support ring 20 and into channel 3~, af~er which it flows through channels 8 contacting rim 10 to cool ~uench surface 23~ The coolant then enters channel 33 and flows through openings 21 into outlet chamber 14. Vanes 16 direct the coolant to passages 6 through which it flows into axial chamber 4 and then away from the wheel.
Wheel 22 is spun up to a desired rotational speed and rnolten metal is extruded from crucible 24 through nozzle 26 onto quench surface 23 to produce continuous filament 27.
The residual circumferential tensile stress in rim 10 provides substantially improved crowning resis-tance by counteracting the thermally induced stresses that tend to increase the rim radius at the circumfer-ential center line of the rim relative to the rim radius at the edges of the rim. As representatively shown in FIG. 4, a thermal gradient, between a hot quench surface 23 and a cool interior surface 29, induces a thermal stress which tends to expand quench surface ~3 relative to interior surface 2~ and thereby tends to bend (crown~
rim 10. The residual tensile stress in rim 10, however, counteracts this thermal stress to hold rim 10 substantially flat across the width of core 7, thus pro-viding a dimensionally stable quench surface 23 having marked resistance to crowning.
The crowning resistance is further enhanced by constructing rim 10 as thin as practicable (measured radially) since less force is needed to restrain a thin member from crowning. A rim thickness ranging from about 0.60 in (Q.15 cm) to about 1/4 inch (0.64 cm) is preferred. However, rim 10 should be thick enough to carry the residual rim stresses without deforming, and thick enough to damp the thermal energy wave propagating inward from the quench surface that would otherwise cause boiling of the coolant. In the shown embodiment, rim 10 is approximately 90 mils (0.23 cm) thick.
The thin rim also improves the radial heat transfer Erom quench surface ~3 through the rim body to the coolant in channels 8, and thus provides a more uniform quench rate across the width (measured axially) of rim 10. As a result of the improved crowning resistance and more uniform quench rate, the casting wheel can be constructed to cast filaments greater than 5 cm in width. The resultant casting wheel is not sensitive to the width of the filament cast thereon, .
i3~
provided the width is less than the width of the wheel quench surface. Thus, a wide filament, a narrow fila-ment or even a simultaneous grouping of narrow filaments can be cast on the casting wheel quench surface at randcm locations without degrading the ability of the casting wheel to resist crowning. The casting wheel of the invention could be constructed as wide as a roller-type wheel, wherein the wheel width is greater than its diameter, and still retain its resistance ~o crowning. As a practical matter, ho~ever, the wheel width is limited by the allowable temperature rise of the coolant as it ~raverses the width through the coolant channels 8.
For example, a casting wheel having a stain-; 15 less steel wheel core was constructed in accordance with the invention and used to cast a filament of glassy metal alloy approximately 4 inches (10.16 cm) wide. The physical profile of the quench surface across the axial, width of the wheel was measured before and during the casting operation. Upon comparing the profiles, the measured amount of crowning was approximately 0.5 mils (0~00127 cm). In contrast, when a 4 inch glassy metal ribbon was cast using a casting wheel of ordinary construction, the measured amount of crowning effect was ! 25 approximately 4 mils (0.0102 cm3~ Thus, the casting wheel of the present invention was approximately eight times more resistant to crowning than the ordinary casting wheel.
~aving thus described the invention in rather full detail, it will be understood that these details need not be strictly adhered to but that various changes and modifications may suggest themselves to one skilled in the art, all falling within the scope of the inven-tion as defined by the subjoined claims~
:
selected interference fit therewith ~o provide a pre-selected residual, circumferential tensile stress within the rim~ A coolant means directs a fluid coolant to the interior surface of the rim and through the channels of the wheel core.
¦ In a preferred embodiment, the casting wheel ¦ of the invention includes a hub shaft member which has a concentric axis of rotation and two axial end portions.
Each end portion delimits an axial coolant chamber hav-ing at least one, but preferably a plurality of coolant i supply passages communicating radially therefrcm. An annular wheel core member is concentrically connected to the hub shaft and adapted to rota~e therewith. The ~ wheel core has axially extending coolant channels formed 1 15 about an outer peripheral surface thereof and two axial-¦ ly facing side portions. A cylindrical, axially extend-ing wheel rim member is concentrically connected to the peripheral core surface and has a preselected inter-ference fit therewith to provide a residual, circumfer-ential tensile stress within the rim. Two annular flange members are connected concentric with the hub shaft and adjacent to each of the core side portions to delimit an annular coolant chamber at each side of the wheel core which communicates with its respective cool-ant supply passages.
The casting wheel of the invention is overeight times more resistant to crowning than ordinary casting wheels/ and is able to cast filament of greater width having more uniform dimensions and physical properties. The casting wheel provides improved heat transfer and more uniform quenching across the width of the wheel, and since the more riyid casting wheel construction has less tendency to become eccentric when rotating and subjected to thermal loads, the wheel is able to cast any width ribbon, less than the width of the wheel, at random locations across ~he quench surface without crowning problems~ In addition, the wheel is easier to refurbish because the casting wheel ~Z~3~3~D
rim can be easily replaced whenever it becomes worn or damaged. Since the wheel core and other parts are reusable, costs are greatly reduced. With the two piece construction, different, individually suited materials can be used for the wheel core and the wheel rim as requiredO Thus, the invention provides a less expensive and more versatile casting wheel that is more resistant to crowning, provides improved quenchingl is easier to maintain and refurbish and is capable of casting wider filaments than ordinary casting wheels having thickened support sections or contoured quench surfaces.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be more fully understood and further advantages will become apparent when refer-ence is made to the following detailed description of ~ the preferred embodiment of the invention and the i accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a simplifie~ perspective view of an apparatus for continuous casting of metallic strip;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the casting wheel of the invention;
¦ FIG. 3 is a frac~ional cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. l; and FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of cast-ing wheel surface crowning.
DESCRIPrlON OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
For the purposes of this invention and as used in the specification and claims, the term "filament"
is a slender body whose transverse dimensions are much smaller than its length. Thus~ the term filament includes wire, ribbon, sheet and the like of regular or irregular cross-section.
Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, a repre~
sentative apparatus for the continuous casting of a glassy alloy filament is illustrated to poin~ out the general use of the present invention. An extrusion means is comprised of a reservoir crucible 24 and an extrusion nozzle 26. Molten alloy contained in crucible ;3~2~
24 is heated by a heating element 25, and pressurization of the crucible with an inert gas extrudes a molten stream through nozzle 26 located at the base of the crucible onto ~uench surface 23 of casting wheel 22.
-5 The apparatus of this invention is suitable for forming polycrystalline strip of aluminumr tin, copper, iron, steel, stainless steel and the like.
However, metal alloys that upon rapid cooling from ; the melt form solid amorphous~ glassy structures are preferred. Such alloys are well known to those skilled in the art, and examples are disclosed in U.S. Patent t Nos. 3,427,154; 3,981,722 and othersO
FIG. 2 shows the casting wheel of the inven-tion generally at 22. An annular wheel core member 7 has axially extending channels 8 formed about a cir-cumferential, outer peripheral surface 11 thereof and is i adapted to rotate about a concentric axis of rotation 28. A cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member 10 is concentrically connected to the core peripheral surface 11 and has a preselected interference fit there-1 with to provide a preselected, residual, circumferential tensile stress within the rim. A coolant means directs a fluid coolant to the interior surface 29 of rim 10 throu~h channels 8.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show a preferred embodiment of the casting wheel of the invention wherein the coolant means is comprised generally of hub shaft member 1 and two flange members 12. In this embodiment, hub shaft member 1 has a concentric axis of rotation 28 and two axial end portions 2. The end portions delimit axialcoolant chambers 3 and 4, and at least one, but prefer-ably a plurality of coolant supply passages 5 and 6 com-municate radially from chambers 3 and 4, respectively.
An annular wheel core member 7, concentrically connected to hub shaft 1, is adapted to rotate therewith and pro-vides two axially facing side portions 9. A plurality of axially extending channels 8 are formed about the outer peripheral surface 11 of the core, and a cylin~
drical, axially extendiny wheel rim 10 is mounted thereon. Rim 10 has a preselected interference fit with ~ore 7 to provide a preselected residual/ circumferen~
tial tensile stress within rim 10. Two annular flange members 12 are connected concentric with hub shaft 1 and ad3acent to each of the core side portions 9 to delimit annular coolant chambers 13 and 14 at each side of wheel core 7 which communicate with their respective coolant supply passages 5 and 6.
Hub shaft 1 is constructed of a suitable ~ material, such as metal, and provides two opposite end i portions 2. An inlet chamber 3 is cast or machined into ; one end pcrtion and a plurality of outlet passages 5 are fonmed radially through hub shaft 1 to communicate and ~ 15 conduct coolant from chamber 3. Similarly, an outlet ¦ chamber 4 is cast or machined into ~he opposite end portion, and a plurality of passages 6 communicate radi-ally from chamber 4.
Annular wheel core member 7 is constructed of a suitable material, such as stainless steel, but pre-ferably is constructed of a material having a low coef-ficient of thermal expansion, such as INVAR (registered j trademark~, an iron-nickel alloy consisting essentially ¦ of about S4% iron and about 36% nickel. Core 7 provides ¦ 25 two axially facing side p~rtio~s 9~ and is concentric-I ally connected to hub shaft 1 by means of a conventional I annular locking assembly 15 to rotate with hub shaft 1.
i By constructing core 7 rom I~AR alloy and employing locking assembly 15, ~he casting wheel has improved dimensional stability, less runout and a reduced ten-dency to expand or become eccentric during the rilament quenching operation. Axially extending channels 8 are formed about outer peripheral surface 11 by a suitable method, such as machining. The machined channels are easier and less expensive to produce than the drilled passages employed by conventional casting ~heels.
Channels 8 allow a coolant flow across the width (mea-sured axially) of core 7 which contacts the interior surface 29 of rim 10 and thereby cools quench surface 23.
In the shown embodiment, channels 8 are spaced approxi~
mately 0.25 in (0.64 cm) apart and configured to provide a desired volume of coolant flow.
Cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim 10 is concentrically connected to peripheral core surface 11 with a preselected interference fit to provide a resi-dual, circumferential tensile stress within rim 10. A
preferred material for rim 10 is a beryllium-copper alloy because of its higher thermal conductivity~ To obtain the desired interference fi~, rim 10 is shrink fitted onto wheel core 7. For e~ample, when producing Il a 15 in diameter casting wheel, rim 10 is constructed I with an inside radius approximately 30 mils (0.076 cm) ¦ 15 smaller than the radius of peripheral surface 11. Rim 10 is then heated to a temperature of approximately ¦ 600F ~316C~ to expand the radial dimension o the rim and allow placement about surface 11 of core 7. Upon cooling, rim 10 contracts to form an interference fit onto surface 11 which produces an internal residual tensile stress within the rim of approximately 75,000 psi. It is readily apparent that various amounts of interference fit are suitable, provided the resultant residual stress is less than the yield stress of the rim material but large enough to hOld rim 10 in contact with core 7 against the thermal loads encountered during the casting operation.
Two annular radially extending support rings 20 connect to core 7 by means of an interference fit into a circumferential groove machined into each of the core side portions 9. Rings 20 support the edges of rim 10 and provide a sealing surface against which to con-nect the respective flange members 12. A plurality of openings 21 extend through ring 20 to allow coolant to flow to annular, radially extending channels 30 and 33 machined into the peripheral edges of their respective core side portions. Channels 30 and 33 are suitably sized and configured to conduct coolant between the ~L2~:~6~
respective rings 20 and channels ~O
Two annularl dished flange members 12 are connected concentric with hub shaft 1 and adjacent to each of the core side portions 9 to delimit an annular 5 inlet coolant chamber 13 at one side of core 7 and an annular outle~ coolant chamber 14 at the opposite side of core 7. Coolan~ chamber 13 communicates with axial chamber 3 through passages 5, and coolant cha~ber 14 communicates with axial chamber 4 through passages 6.
10 The outer edge of each flange 12 mates against its respective edge of rim 10 and the corresponding support '. ring 20, and is provided with a fluid seal, such as an elastomeric O-ring seal 31. The inner edge of each . flange 12 mates with hub shaft 1 and is provided with a ; 15 fluid seal, such as an elastomeric O-ring seal 32. A
plurality of coolant vanes 16, connected to core 7 and disposed within chambers 13 and 14, direct coolant radially through chambers 13 and 140 Suitable bearings 17 are positioned about hub 20 shaft 1 and are spaced from the sides of flange members ~ 12 by suitable spacers 18. Assembly nuts 19 are then j threaded onto hub shaft 1 and suitably torqued to pro-vide compressive, axial loads of a~out 12,000 lb - force which hold flange members 12 ir, sealing engagement with hub shaft 1, rim 10 and support ring~ 20. The end por-tions of hub shaft 1 are suitably connected to a source of fluid coolant by means of conventional rotating unions.
During operation, a suitable fluid coolant, such as water, flows from a source into axial chamber 3, then through passages 5 and into inlet chamber 13.
Vanes 16 direct coolant through openings 21 in support ring 20 and into channel 3~, af~er which it flows through channels 8 contacting rim 10 to cool ~uench surface 23~ The coolant then enters channel 33 and flows through openings 21 into outlet chamber 14. Vanes 16 direct the coolant to passages 6 through which it flows into axial chamber 4 and then away from the wheel.
Wheel 22 is spun up to a desired rotational speed and rnolten metal is extruded from crucible 24 through nozzle 26 onto quench surface 23 to produce continuous filament 27.
The residual circumferential tensile stress in rim 10 provides substantially improved crowning resis-tance by counteracting the thermally induced stresses that tend to increase the rim radius at the circumfer-ential center line of the rim relative to the rim radius at the edges of the rim. As representatively shown in FIG. 4, a thermal gradient, between a hot quench surface 23 and a cool interior surface 29, induces a thermal stress which tends to expand quench surface ~3 relative to interior surface 2~ and thereby tends to bend (crown~
rim 10. The residual tensile stress in rim 10, however, counteracts this thermal stress to hold rim 10 substantially flat across the width of core 7, thus pro-viding a dimensionally stable quench surface 23 having marked resistance to crowning.
The crowning resistance is further enhanced by constructing rim 10 as thin as practicable (measured radially) since less force is needed to restrain a thin member from crowning. A rim thickness ranging from about 0.60 in (Q.15 cm) to about 1/4 inch (0.64 cm) is preferred. However, rim 10 should be thick enough to carry the residual rim stresses without deforming, and thick enough to damp the thermal energy wave propagating inward from the quench surface that would otherwise cause boiling of the coolant. In the shown embodiment, rim 10 is approximately 90 mils (0.23 cm) thick.
The thin rim also improves the radial heat transfer Erom quench surface ~3 through the rim body to the coolant in channels 8, and thus provides a more uniform quench rate across the width (measured axially) of rim 10. As a result of the improved crowning resistance and more uniform quench rate, the casting wheel can be constructed to cast filaments greater than 5 cm in width. The resultant casting wheel is not sensitive to the width of the filament cast thereon, .
i3~
provided the width is less than the width of the wheel quench surface. Thus, a wide filament, a narrow fila-ment or even a simultaneous grouping of narrow filaments can be cast on the casting wheel quench surface at randcm locations without degrading the ability of the casting wheel to resist crowning. The casting wheel of the invention could be constructed as wide as a roller-type wheel, wherein the wheel width is greater than its diameter, and still retain its resistance ~o crowning. As a practical matter, ho~ever, the wheel width is limited by the allowable temperature rise of the coolant as it ~raverses the width through the coolant channels 8.
For example, a casting wheel having a stain-; 15 less steel wheel core was constructed in accordance with the invention and used to cast a filament of glassy metal alloy approximately 4 inches (10.16 cm) wide. The physical profile of the quench surface across the axial, width of the wheel was measured before and during the casting operation. Upon comparing the profiles, the measured amount of crowning was approximately 0.5 mils (0~00127 cm). In contrast, when a 4 inch glassy metal ribbon was cast using a casting wheel of ordinary construction, the measured amount of crowning effect was ! 25 approximately 4 mils (0.0102 cm3~ Thus, the casting wheel of the present invention was approximately eight times more resistant to crowning than the ordinary casting wheel.
~aving thus described the invention in rather full detail, it will be understood that these details need not be strictly adhered to but that various changes and modifications may suggest themselves to one skilled in the art, all falling within the scope of the inven-tion as defined by the subjoined claims~
:
Claims (20)
1. A chilled casting wheel capable of providing a quench rate of at least about 104° C./sec, comprising:
a) an annular wheel core member having axially ex-tending channels formed about a circumferential, outer peripheral surface thereof and being adapted to rotate about a concentric axis of rotation;
b) a separate, cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member concentrically connected to said core peripheral surface, said rim having a radial thickness ranging from about 0.060 in (0.15 cm) to about 0.25 in (0.64 cm) and having a pre-selected interference fit with said core to provide a preselected residual, circumferential tensile stress within said rim, wherein said residual stress counteracts crowning stresses induced by a radial temperature gradient between an outer quench surface and an interior surface of said rim to hold said rim substantially flat across the width of said wheel core member; and c) coolant means for directing a fluid coolant to the interior surface of said rim and through said channels.
a) an annular wheel core member having axially ex-tending channels formed about a circumferential, outer peripheral surface thereof and being adapted to rotate about a concentric axis of rotation;
b) a separate, cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member concentrically connected to said core peripheral surface, said rim having a radial thickness ranging from about 0.060 in (0.15 cm) to about 0.25 in (0.64 cm) and having a pre-selected interference fit with said core to provide a preselected residual, circumferential tensile stress within said rim, wherein said residual stress counteracts crowning stresses induced by a radial temperature gradient between an outer quench surface and an interior surface of said rim to hold said rim substantially flat across the width of said wheel core member; and c) coolant means for directing a fluid coolant to the interior surface of said rim and through said channels.
2. The casting wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein said wheel rim member has a thickness measured radially of 90 mils (0.23 cm).
3. The casting wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein said wheel rim is shrink fitted onto said wheel core to provide said interference fit.
4. A chilled casting wheel, capable of providing a quench rate of at least about 104° C./sec, comprising:
a) a hub shaft member having a concentric axis of rotation and two axial end portions, each end portion delimiting an axial coolant chamber having at least one coolant supply passage communicating radially therefrom;
b) an annular wheel core member concentrically connected to said hub shaft and adapted to rotate therewith, said wheel core having axially extending channels formed about an outer peripheral surface thereof and two axially facing side portions, c) a separate, cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member concentrically connected to said peripheral core surface, said rim having a radial thickness ranging from about 0.060 in (0.15 cm) to about 0.25 in (0.64 cm) and having a preselected interference fit with said core to provide a residual, circum-ferential tensile stress within said rim, wherein said residual stress counteracts crowning stresses induced by a radial tempera-ture gradient between an outer quench surface and an interior surface of said rim to hold said rim substantially flat across the width of said wheel core member; and d) two annular flange members connected concentric with said hub shaft and adjacent to each of said core side portions to delimit an annual coolant chamber at each side of said wheel core which communicates with its respective coolant supply passage.
a) a hub shaft member having a concentric axis of rotation and two axial end portions, each end portion delimiting an axial coolant chamber having at least one coolant supply passage communicating radially therefrom;
b) an annular wheel core member concentrically connected to said hub shaft and adapted to rotate therewith, said wheel core having axially extending channels formed about an outer peripheral surface thereof and two axially facing side portions, c) a separate, cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member concentrically connected to said peripheral core surface, said rim having a radial thickness ranging from about 0.060 in (0.15 cm) to about 0.25 in (0.64 cm) and having a preselected interference fit with said core to provide a residual, circum-ferential tensile stress within said rim, wherein said residual stress counteracts crowning stresses induced by a radial tempera-ture gradient between an outer quench surface and an interior surface of said rim to hold said rim substantially flat across the width of said wheel core member; and d) two annular flange members connected concentric with said hub shaft and adjacent to each of said core side portions to delimit an annual coolant chamber at each side of said wheel core which communicates with its respective coolant supply passage.
5. The casting wheel as recited in claim 4, wherein said wheel rim member has a thickness measured radially of 90 mils (0.23 cm).
6. The casting wheel as recited in claim 4, wherein said wheel rim is shrink fitted onto said wheel core to provide said interference fit.
7. The casting wheel as recited in claim 4, wherein said wheel core member is comprised of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
8. The casting wheel as recited in claim 4, wherein said wheel core is comprised of a metal alloy, which has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and consists essentially of iron and nickel.
9. The casting wheel as recited in claim 4, wherein said wheel rim is comprised of a beryllium-copper alloy having a high thermal conductivity.
10. A chilled casting wheel for providing a quench rate of at least about 104 C./sec, comprising:
a) an annular wheel core member concentrically connected to a hub shaft and adapted to rotate therewith, said wheel core having axially extending channels formed about an outer peripheral surface thereof, two axially facing side portions, and an annular, radially extending channel in each of said side portions for conducting coolant to and from said axial channels;
b) a separate, cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member concentrically connected to said peripheral core surface having a pre-selected interference fit therewith to provide a residual, circumferential tensile stress within said rim, wherein said residual stress counteracts crowning stresses induced by a radial temperature gradient between an outer quench surface and an interior surface of said rim to hold said rim substantially flat across the width of said wheel core member;
c) two annular flange members connected concen-tric with said hub shaft and adjacent to each of said core side portions to delimit an annular coolant chamber at each side of said wheel core which communicates with respective coolant supply passages; and d) a ring member located at both axial edges of said rim member with each ring member spaced axially from said axially extending wheel core channels, said ring member connected to said core member for supporting the edges of said rim member and for providing a sealing surface against which to connect the respective flange members, and said ring member having a plurality of openings extending axially therethrough into said annular channels in the face portions of the wheel core.
a) an annular wheel core member concentrically connected to a hub shaft and adapted to rotate therewith, said wheel core having axially extending channels formed about an outer peripheral surface thereof, two axially facing side portions, and an annular, radially extending channel in each of said side portions for conducting coolant to and from said axial channels;
b) a separate, cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member concentrically connected to said peripheral core surface having a pre-selected interference fit therewith to provide a residual, circumferential tensile stress within said rim, wherein said residual stress counteracts crowning stresses induced by a radial temperature gradient between an outer quench surface and an interior surface of said rim to hold said rim substantially flat across the width of said wheel core member;
c) two annular flange members connected concen-tric with said hub shaft and adjacent to each of said core side portions to delimit an annular coolant chamber at each side of said wheel core which communicates with respective coolant supply passages; and d) a ring member located at both axial edges of said rim member with each ring member spaced axially from said axially extending wheel core channels, said ring member connected to said core member for supporting the edges of said rim member and for providing a sealing surface against which to connect the respective flange members, and said ring member having a plurality of openings extending axially therethrough into said annular channels in the face portions of the wheel core.
11. A chilled casting wheel as recited in claim 10, further comprising a plurality of coolant vanes disposed within said annular coolant chambers to direct coolant radially therethrough.
12. A chilled casting wheel as recited in claim 11, wherein said coolant vanes are connected to said core member.
13. A chilled casting wheel as recited in claim 10, wherein said hub shaft member has a concentric axis of rotation and two axial end portions, each end portion delimiting an axial coolant chamber having at least one coolant supply passage communicating radially therefrom into said coolant chambers located at each side of said wheel core.
14. A casting wheel as recited in claim 10, wherein the thickness of. said wheel rim member measured radially ranges from about 0.060 in (0.015 cm) to about 0.25 in (0.64 cm).
15. A casting wheel as recited in claim 10, wherein said wheel rim member has a thickness measured radially of 90 mils (0.23 cm).
16. A casting wheel as recited in claim 10, wherein said wheel rim is shrink fitted onto said wheel core to form said interference fit and produce a residual stress within the rim of about 75,000 psi.
17. A chilled casting wheel for providing a quench rate of at least about 104° C./sec, comprising a) a hub shaft member having a concentric axis of rotation and two axial end portions, each end portion delimiting an axial coolant cham-ber having at least one coolant supply passage communicating radially therefrom;
b) an annular wheel core member concentrically connected to said hub shaft and adapted to rotate therewith, said wheel core having axially extending channels formed about an outer peripheral surface thereof, two axially facing side portions, and an annular, radially extending channel in each of said side por-tions for conducting coolant to and from said axial channels, c) a separate, cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member, which is concentrically connected to said peripheral core surface, has a preselected interference fit therewith to provide a residual, circumferential tensile stress within said rim, and which has a thickness, measured radially, ranging from about 0.060-0.25 in (0.15-0.64 cm), wherein said residual stress counteracts crowning stresses induced by a radial temperature gradient between an outer quench surface and an interior surface of said rim to hold said rim substantially flat across the width of said wheel core member, d) two annular flange members connected concentric with said hub shaft and adjacent to each of said core side portions to delimit an annular coolant chamber at each side of said wheel core which communicates with its respective coolant supply passage, e) a ring member located at each axial edge of said rim member, each ring member being con-nected to said wheel core and spaced axially from said axially extending channels, providing a sealing surface against which to connect the respective flange member, and having a plurality of openings extending axially therethrough into said annular channels in the face portions of the wheel core; and f) a plurality of coolant vanes disposed within said annular coolant chambers to direct coolant radially therethrough, said vanes aligned radially and positioned to face circumferentially.
b) an annular wheel core member concentrically connected to said hub shaft and adapted to rotate therewith, said wheel core having axially extending channels formed about an outer peripheral surface thereof, two axially facing side portions, and an annular, radially extending channel in each of said side por-tions for conducting coolant to and from said axial channels, c) a separate, cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member, which is concentrically connected to said peripheral core surface, has a preselected interference fit therewith to provide a residual, circumferential tensile stress within said rim, and which has a thickness, measured radially, ranging from about 0.060-0.25 in (0.15-0.64 cm), wherein said residual stress counteracts crowning stresses induced by a radial temperature gradient between an outer quench surface and an interior surface of said rim to hold said rim substantially flat across the width of said wheel core member, d) two annular flange members connected concentric with said hub shaft and adjacent to each of said core side portions to delimit an annular coolant chamber at each side of said wheel core which communicates with its respective coolant supply passage, e) a ring member located at each axial edge of said rim member, each ring member being con-nected to said wheel core and spaced axially from said axially extending channels, providing a sealing surface against which to connect the respective flange member, and having a plurality of openings extending axially therethrough into said annular channels in the face portions of the wheel core; and f) a plurality of coolant vanes disposed within said annular coolant chambers to direct coolant radially therethrough, said vanes aligned radially and positioned to face circumferentially.
18. The casting wheel as recited in claim 17, wherein said wheel rim member has a thickness measured radially of 90 mils (0.23 cm).
19. The casting wheel as recited in claim 17, wherein said wheel rim is shrink fitted onto said wheel core to provide said interference fit.
20. A casting wheel as recited in claim 17, wherein said wheel rim is shrink fitted onto said wheel core to pro-vide said interference fit and produce a residual internal stress within the rim of about 75,000 psi.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US39775582A | 1982-07-13 | 1982-07-13 | |
| US397,755 | 1989-08-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1206320A true CA1206320A (en) | 1986-06-24 |
Family
ID=23572488
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000432290A Expired CA1206320A (en) | 1982-07-13 | 1983-07-12 | Two piece casting wheel |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0098968B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5921452A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU560682B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1206320A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3371877D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0620614B2 (en) * | 1986-09-06 | 1994-03-23 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Cooling roll for the production of quenched metal ribbon |
| FR2654372B1 (en) * | 1989-11-16 | 1992-01-17 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | CYLINDER FOR A CONTINUOUS CASTING DEVICE ON OR BETWEEN TWO CYLINDERS. |
| JPH0755914Y2 (en) * | 1990-03-10 | 1995-12-25 | 株式会社寺田製作所 | Steam supply control device for tea steamer |
| GB9100151D0 (en) * | 1991-01-04 | 1991-02-20 | Davy Distington Ltd | Strip caster roll |
| US6639308B1 (en) | 1999-12-16 | 2003-10-28 | Amkor Technology, Inc. | Near chip size semiconductor package |
| US7495516B2 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2009-02-24 | Christopher Julian Travis | Method of establishing an oscillator clock signal |
| CN102794418B (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-07-09 | 浙江正耀环保科技有限公司 | Amorphous belt spraying machine |
| JP2014091157A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-19 | Saco Llc | Apparatus and method for producing amorphous alloy foil strip |
| CN103586429B (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-27 | 青岛云路新能源科技有限公司 | Amorphous alloy crystallizer |
| CN106735011A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-31 | 佛山科学技术学院 | The amorphous crystallizer copper sleeve cooling structure that can axially shunt |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3757847A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1973-09-11 | P Sofinsky | Roll mould with cooling system |
| JPS5148117B2 (en) * | 1973-05-28 | 1976-12-18 | ||
| JPS5138014U (en) * | 1974-09-14 | 1976-03-22 | ||
| JPS5148117U (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1976-04-10 | ||
| FR2297351A1 (en) * | 1975-01-10 | 1976-08-06 | Fives Cail Babcock | Roll for continuous casting machines - using replaceable, floating external sleeve functioning as thermal barrier |
| FR2314788A1 (en) * | 1975-06-17 | 1977-01-14 | Fives Cail Babcock | INTERNAL COOLED TYPE ROLLERS IMPROVEMENTS |
| JPS5211932U (en) * | 1975-07-15 | 1977-01-27 | ||
| JPS5250188U (en) * | 1975-10-07 | 1977-04-09 | ||
| US4142571A (en) * | 1976-10-22 | 1979-03-06 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Continuous casting method for metallic strips |
| US4307771A (en) * | 1980-01-25 | 1981-12-29 | Allied Corporation | Forced-convection-cooled casting wheel |
| JPS5714444A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-01-25 | Hitachi Ltd | Thin sheet producing device |
-
1983
- 1983-06-01 AU AU15272/83A patent/AU560682B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-06-07 EP EP19830105575 patent/EP0098968B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-07 DE DE8383105575T patent/DE3371877D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-07-07 JP JP12406883A patent/JPS5921452A/en active Granted
- 1983-07-12 CA CA000432290A patent/CA1206320A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0218181B2 (en) | 1990-04-24 |
| AU1527283A (en) | 1984-01-19 |
| DE3371877D1 (en) | 1987-07-09 |
| EP0098968B1 (en) | 1987-06-03 |
| EP0098968A1 (en) | 1984-01-25 |
| AU560682B2 (en) | 1987-04-16 |
| JPS5921452A (en) | 1984-02-03 |
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