CA1200976A - Molten metal float - Google Patents
Molten metal floatInfo
- Publication number
- CA1200976A CA1200976A CA000415912A CA415912A CA1200976A CA 1200976 A CA1200976 A CA 1200976A CA 000415912 A CA000415912 A CA 000415912A CA 415912 A CA415912 A CA 415912A CA 1200976 A CA1200976 A CA 1200976A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- float
- molten metal
- metal
- molten aluminum
- aluminum metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002366 magnesium silicate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/103—Distributing the molten metal, e.g. using runners, floats, distributors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
- B22D11/181—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Level Indicators Using A Float (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT The invention relates to a molten metal float for DC or EM casting which provides improved molten metal level sensing capabilities and which can be used simultaneously as a skimmer to prevent oxides which float on the metal surface from being incorporated into the molten metal as it solidifies.
Description
577~
MOLTEN METAL FL~AT
Background of the Invention This invention relates to an improved floa-t for accurately sensing the level of a molten metal surface. The float is particularly suitable in molten metal level control systems for vertical DC (direct chill) casting and vertical EM (electromagnetic) casting of metals such as aluminum, magnesium and their alloys.
DC casting generally comprises directing molten metal into the feed end of a water cooled, open ended tubular mold and withdrawing solidified or partially solidified metal out of the discharge end of the mold. Coolant, usually water, is directed onto the surfaces of the metal exiting the discharge end of the mold and this application of coolant effects most of the solidification. At the start of the cast, when molten metal is first introduced into the mold, the discharge end thereof is blocked off with a downwardly move-able bottom block which supports the ingot or billet in its downward descent during casting.
EM casting is very similar to DC casting except that instead of a mold controlling the shape of the molten metal until it solldifies, the shape of the molten metal is controlled by the pressure developed by an electromagnetic field which isgenerated by an annular inductor surrounding the molten meta' In the EM casting process essentially all solidification is effected by the application of coolant to the metal surface a-t the discharge end of the inductor.
Controlling the molten metal level within the metal shaping means, whether it be a mold or an electromagnetic field is very important in vertical continuous cas-ting processes.
For accurate head control i-t has been found most advantageous to utilize a float device which is operatively connected to a level sensor such as the linear displacement transducer described in copending Canadian Patent Application No. 394,066, filed January 13, 1982. In the process described and claimed in L ~
~ 7
MOLTEN METAL FL~AT
Background of the Invention This invention relates to an improved floa-t for accurately sensing the level of a molten metal surface. The float is particularly suitable in molten metal level control systems for vertical DC (direct chill) casting and vertical EM (electromagnetic) casting of metals such as aluminum, magnesium and their alloys.
DC casting generally comprises directing molten metal into the feed end of a water cooled, open ended tubular mold and withdrawing solidified or partially solidified metal out of the discharge end of the mold. Coolant, usually water, is directed onto the surfaces of the metal exiting the discharge end of the mold and this application of coolant effects most of the solidification. At the start of the cast, when molten metal is first introduced into the mold, the discharge end thereof is blocked off with a downwardly move-able bottom block which supports the ingot or billet in its downward descent during casting.
EM casting is very similar to DC casting except that instead of a mold controlling the shape of the molten metal until it solldifies, the shape of the molten metal is controlled by the pressure developed by an electromagnetic field which isgenerated by an annular inductor surrounding the molten meta' In the EM casting process essentially all solidification is effected by the application of coolant to the metal surface a-t the discharge end of the inductor.
Controlling the molten metal level within the metal shaping means, whether it be a mold or an electromagnetic field is very important in vertical continuous cas-ting processes.
For accurate head control i-t has been found most advantageous to utilize a float device which is operatively connected to a level sensor such as the linear displacement transducer described in copending Canadian Patent Application No. 394,066, filed January 13, 1982. In the process described and claimed in L ~
~ 7
-2 the above application the signal from the transducer is used to regulat~ the flow o:E molten metal to the mold or inductor which thereby controls the level of molten metal.
However, in the past accurate positioning of the floa~ has been difficult due to the variability of the molten metal meniscus. For example, if a float is pushed down into the molten metal lt will frequently not return to the same precise position when the added thrust is removed and the float is allowed to rise by its natural buoyancy. Similar 10 results occur when the float is partially raised out of the molten metal. Because of this lnability of the float to return to the same position each time, accurate molten metal level control has been difficult when the float is used to sense the metal level. This is particularly critical with 15 EM casting because slight molten metal head changes can sig-nificantly change the dimensions of the ingot or billet being cast. Changes in the surface tension of molten metal due to changes in temper~ture, composition and the like c~n aggravate this problem.
It is against this background that the present invention was developed.
Description of the Invention This invention relates to an improved molten metal float which when positioned on a molten metal surface consist-25 ently has the same relative position with respect to ~he surface of the molten metal.
In accordance with this invention the float is pro-vided with an upper portion which has an essentially flat lower surface adapted to rest on a molten metal surface and 30 a lower section comprising an element which projects from the flat areas of the upper portion of the float into ~he body o:f the molten metal. The area of the essentially 1at surface of the upper portion in contact with the molten metal should be at least 10%, preferably at least 25% of the 35 area of the float facing the molten metal surface. The element projecting into the molten metal displaces an amount ~ ~q3
However, in the past accurate positioning of the floa~ has been difficult due to the variability of the molten metal meniscus. For example, if a float is pushed down into the molten metal lt will frequently not return to the same precise position when the added thrust is removed and the float is allowed to rise by its natural buoyancy. Similar 10 results occur when the float is partially raised out of the molten metal. Because of this lnability of the float to return to the same position each time, accurate molten metal level control has been difficult when the float is used to sense the metal level. This is particularly critical with 15 EM casting because slight molten metal head changes can sig-nificantly change the dimensions of the ingot or billet being cast. Changes in the surface tension of molten metal due to changes in temper~ture, composition and the like c~n aggravate this problem.
It is against this background that the present invention was developed.
Description of the Invention This invention relates to an improved molten metal float which when positioned on a molten metal surface consist-25 ently has the same relative position with respect to ~he surface of the molten metal.
In accordance with this invention the float is pro-vided with an upper portion which has an essentially flat lower surface adapted to rest on a molten metal surface and 30 a lower section comprising an element which projects from the flat areas of the upper portion of the float into ~he body o:f the molten metal. The area of the essentially 1at surface of the upper portion in contact with the molten metal should be at least 10%, preferably at least 25% of the 35 area of the float facing the molten metal surface. The element projecting into the molten metal displaces an amount ~ ~q3
3~
of metal having a weight essentially equal to the total weight of the float and any force applied to the floa~ by a~achments thereto.
In a preferred embodiment the float is used as a 5 sk;mming device to prevent the incorporation of oxides or dross into the metal being cast. In this case the float is generally annular or ringlike in nature so that when molten metal is introduced into the inner portion o the float the oxides which are on the surface or which rise ~o the surface during casting are contained by the float. In this pre-ferred embodiment, the element projecting into the molten metal ensures that the o~ides or dross do not escape from the float during cast~. To effectively skim, the lower section should project at least 0~5 inch preferably at least 1.0 inch into the molten metal. Although the shape of the element projecting into the molten m~tal is not critical~
excessive projections, e.g. 3 inches or more, into ~he mol~en metal are not desirable.
Reference is made to the drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention. Figure 1 is a perspective view partially in section of a preferred float of the invention. Figure 2 is a cross sectional view in elevation of the float of the invention installed in an electro-magnetic casting assembly. Figures 3 and 4 represent other embodiments of the invention. In the drawings all corres-ponding parts are numbered the sameO
Figure 1 shows a perspective view partially in section of a preferred float 10 which comprises an upper section or collar 11 with an essentially flat lower surface 12 and a lower section or proJecting element 13. The volume of projecting element 13 is equal to the volume of molten metal it displaces so that the flat surface 12 of collar 11 rests on the molt~n metal surface. The weight of the metal displaced by element 13 should be equal to the weight of the float and any force applied ~o the floa~ by '7~
attachments -thereto. The area of the flat surface 12 must be at least 10%, preferably at least 25%/ of the total area of the float projected downwardly onto the molten metal surface.
Figure 2 illustrates a preferred float 10 in asso-ciation with an EM casting assembly 20, which comprises aninductor 21, a water jacke-t 22 and a refractory down spout 23 which is adapted to feed molten metal to -the interior or inner space of the annular inductor 210 A bottom block 24 is also associa-ted with the assembly 20 and at the start of the cast is positioned within the inductor to vertically support the molten metal therein while the electromagnetic-ally induced pressure against the molten metal controls the lateral spread of the metal untll it solidifies into its final shape. The inductor 21 is provided with a plurality of holes or conduits 25 through which water from the water jacke-t passes for the application thereof onto the ingot or billet which exi-ts from the discharge end of the inductor. The float 11 is pro-vided with rods 26 and 27 to support the float during noncast-ing periods when no molten metal is within the inductor 20.
Preferably, one of the rods 26 or 27 is operatively connected to a linear displacement transducer (not shown) or its e~uivalen-t which will generate a signal representing the molten metal level 28 on which the float 10 rests. The signal from the trans-ducer can be used to control the flow of molten metal from a source such as a -trough through a refractory lined down spout 23. (See such use described in the aforesaid copending Canadian Patent Application No. 394,066.).
In Figures 3 and 4 alternative float designs are provided wherein the relative positions of the flat bottomed collars 11 and the projecting elements 13 have been changed in comparison with the embodiment shown in Figure 1.
The float is made from a material which has a density much less than the density of the molten metal and which is sufficiently resistant to the molten metal and the ~ 3~ 7~
surrounding harsh enviro~ment to provide a reasonably long servlce life. Suitable materials of construction include lightweight refractories such as a fibrous magnesium sili-cate, glass rock foam, foamed refrac~ories and the like. A
preferred material is fibrous magnesium silicate sold under the trademark Marinite ~ .
It is obvious that various modifications and improvements can be made to the invention without departing rom the spirit of the invention and the scope of the ap-10 pended claims.
of metal having a weight essentially equal to the total weight of the float and any force applied to the floa~ by a~achments thereto.
In a preferred embodiment the float is used as a 5 sk;mming device to prevent the incorporation of oxides or dross into the metal being cast. In this case the float is generally annular or ringlike in nature so that when molten metal is introduced into the inner portion o the float the oxides which are on the surface or which rise ~o the surface during casting are contained by the float. In this pre-ferred embodiment, the element projecting into the molten metal ensures that the o~ides or dross do not escape from the float during cast~. To effectively skim, the lower section should project at least 0~5 inch preferably at least 1.0 inch into the molten metal. Although the shape of the element projecting into the molten m~tal is not critical~
excessive projections, e.g. 3 inches or more, into ~he mol~en metal are not desirable.
Reference is made to the drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention. Figure 1 is a perspective view partially in section of a preferred float of the invention. Figure 2 is a cross sectional view in elevation of the float of the invention installed in an electro-magnetic casting assembly. Figures 3 and 4 represent other embodiments of the invention. In the drawings all corres-ponding parts are numbered the sameO
Figure 1 shows a perspective view partially in section of a preferred float 10 which comprises an upper section or collar 11 with an essentially flat lower surface 12 and a lower section or proJecting element 13. The volume of projecting element 13 is equal to the volume of molten metal it displaces so that the flat surface 12 of collar 11 rests on the molt~n metal surface. The weight of the metal displaced by element 13 should be equal to the weight of the float and any force applied ~o the floa~ by '7~
attachments -thereto. The area of the flat surface 12 must be at least 10%, preferably at least 25%/ of the total area of the float projected downwardly onto the molten metal surface.
Figure 2 illustrates a preferred float 10 in asso-ciation with an EM casting assembly 20, which comprises aninductor 21, a water jacke-t 22 and a refractory down spout 23 which is adapted to feed molten metal to -the interior or inner space of the annular inductor 210 A bottom block 24 is also associa-ted with the assembly 20 and at the start of the cast is positioned within the inductor to vertically support the molten metal therein while the electromagnetic-ally induced pressure against the molten metal controls the lateral spread of the metal untll it solidifies into its final shape. The inductor 21 is provided with a plurality of holes or conduits 25 through which water from the water jacke-t passes for the application thereof onto the ingot or billet which exi-ts from the discharge end of the inductor. The float 11 is pro-vided with rods 26 and 27 to support the float during noncast-ing periods when no molten metal is within the inductor 20.
Preferably, one of the rods 26 or 27 is operatively connected to a linear displacement transducer (not shown) or its e~uivalen-t which will generate a signal representing the molten metal level 28 on which the float 10 rests. The signal from the trans-ducer can be used to control the flow of molten metal from a source such as a -trough through a refractory lined down spout 23. (See such use described in the aforesaid copending Canadian Patent Application No. 394,066.).
In Figures 3 and 4 alternative float designs are provided wherein the relative positions of the flat bottomed collars 11 and the projecting elements 13 have been changed in comparison with the embodiment shown in Figure 1.
The float is made from a material which has a density much less than the density of the molten metal and which is sufficiently resistant to the molten metal and the ~ 3~ 7~
surrounding harsh enviro~ment to provide a reasonably long servlce life. Suitable materials of construction include lightweight refractories such as a fibrous magnesium sili-cate, glass rock foam, foamed refrac~ories and the like. A
preferred material is fibrous magnesium silicate sold under the trademark Marinite ~ .
It is obvious that various modifications and improvements can be made to the invention without departing rom the spirit of the invention and the scope of the ap-10 pended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A float for accurately sensing the level of a body of molten aluminum metal and the like, in a casting ap-paratus, the float having outside dimensions substantially less than the transverse dimensions of the body of molten aluminum metal and comprising an upper section which has an essentially flat lower face adapted to rest on the molten aluminum metal surface being sensed and a lower section adapted to be submerged completely into the body of molten aluminum metal and beneath the surface thereof, the area of the flat lower face being at least 10% of the area of an image of the float projected downwardly and the volume of the lower section of the float submerged beneath the surface of the molten aluminum metal displacing a volume of molten aluminum metal essentially equal in weight to the weight of the float and any vertical force applied to the float by attachments thereto.
2. The float of claim 1 wherein the area of the flat lower face is at least 25% of the area of the image of the float projected downwardly.
3. The float of claim 1 wherein the float is formed from a lightweight refractory material.
4. The float of claim 1 wherein the lower section thereof projects into the molten metal at least 0.5 inch, but less than 3 inches, from the flat lower face of the upper section.
5. The float of claim 4 wherein the lower section thereof projects into the molten metal at least 1.0 inch from the flat lower face of the upper section.
6. An annular or ring-shaped float and skimmer for accurately sensing the level of a body of molten aluminum metal and the like in a casting apparatus, the float having outside dimensions substantially less than the transverse dimensions of the body of molten aluminum metal and comprising an upper section which has a flat lower face adapted to rest on the molten metal surface being sensed and a lower section adapted to be completely submerged into the body of molten aluminum metal and beneath the surface thereof, the area of the flat lower face being at least 10% of the area of an image of the float projected downwardly and the volume of the lower section of the float submerged beneath the surface of the molten metal displacing a volume of molten metal essentially equal in weight to the weight of the float and any vertical force applied to the float by attachments thereto.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US32945781A | 1981-12-10 | 1981-12-10 | |
| US329,457 | 1981-12-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1200976A true CA1200976A (en) | 1986-02-25 |
Family
ID=23285486
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000415912A Expired CA1200976A (en) | 1981-12-10 | 1982-11-18 | Molten metal float |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58105017A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR840002675A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU550044B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8207113A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1200976A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH658721A5 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE8233113U1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES278758Y (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2517996B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2112135B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN157323B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1207968B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8204770A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ202545A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT75944B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE458641B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2176611B (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1989-07-19 | Thor Ceramics Ltd | Constant temperature probe |
| US5074174A (en) * | 1989-09-02 | 1991-12-24 | Dae Sam Co., Ltd. | Socket wrench |
| GB9409183D0 (en) * | 1994-05-07 | 1994-06-29 | British Steel Plc | Continuous casting molds |
| EP1337369A4 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2004-06-23 | Univ Ohio State | Method and apparatus for controlling standing surface wave and turbulence in continuous casting vessel |
| DE10146600B4 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2006-09-14 | Paus, Hans J., Prof. Dr. | Device for growing crystals from the melt |
| CN110883319A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-03-17 | 北京理工大学 | Casting method of aluminum-lithium alloy composite ingot |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB744639A (en) * | 1953-06-29 | 1956-02-08 | Kent Ltd G | Improvements in floats for use in measuring instruments |
| US2968847A (en) * | 1959-01-16 | 1961-01-24 | Aluminum Co Of America | Skimmer apparatus for fluxing light metals |
| DE1780523A1 (en) * | 1968-09-25 | 1971-08-26 | Wolfgang Mueller | Device for monitoring the minimum amount of brake fluid permitted in a brake circuit of hydraulic motor vehicle brakes |
| US3752217A (en) * | 1971-08-13 | 1973-08-14 | Olin Corp | Float-distributor for direct chill casting |
-
1982
- 1982-11-17 GB GB08232744A patent/GB2112135B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-18 NZ NZ202545A patent/NZ202545A/en unknown
- 1982-11-18 CA CA000415912A patent/CA1200976A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-22 IN IN1356/CAL/82A patent/IN157323B/en unknown
- 1982-11-25 DE DE19828233113U patent/DE8233113U1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-25 DE DE19823243650 patent/DE3243650A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-12-06 PT PT75944A patent/PT75944B/en unknown
- 1982-12-07 CH CH7118/82A patent/CH658721A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-08 KR KR1019820005498A patent/KR840002675A/en unknown
- 1982-12-08 BR BR8207113A patent/BR8207113A/en unknown
- 1982-12-09 SE SE8207039A patent/SE458641B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-09 ES ES1982278758U patent/ES278758Y/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-09 NL NL8204770A patent/NL8204770A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-12-09 AU AU91703/82A patent/AU550044B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-12-09 FR FR8220630A patent/FR2517996B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-09 JP JP57216257A patent/JPS58105017A/en active Granted
- 1982-12-10 IT IT8224682A patent/IT1207968B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT75944A (en) | 1983-01-01 |
| DE8233113U1 (en) | 1983-03-10 |
| IN157323B (en) | 1986-03-01 |
| CH658721A5 (en) | 1986-11-28 |
| GB2112135B (en) | 1985-11-20 |
| FR2517996A1 (en) | 1983-06-17 |
| IT1207968B (en) | 1989-06-01 |
| JPS58105017A (en) | 1983-06-22 |
| SE8207039D0 (en) | 1982-12-09 |
| NL8204770A (en) | 1983-07-01 |
| KR840002675A (en) | 1984-07-16 |
| DE3243650A1 (en) | 1983-06-23 |
| IT8224682A0 (en) | 1982-12-10 |
| BR8207113A (en) | 1983-10-11 |
| GB2112135A (en) | 1983-07-13 |
| AU9170382A (en) | 1983-06-16 |
| SE8207039L (en) | 1983-06-11 |
| PT75944B (en) | 1985-12-09 |
| JPH0259406B2 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
| SE458641B (en) | 1989-04-17 |
| ES278758U (en) | 1984-10-16 |
| FR2517996B1 (en) | 1987-04-24 |
| NZ202545A (en) | 1986-05-09 |
| ES278758Y (en) | 1985-04-16 |
| AU550044B2 (en) | 1986-02-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20030225 |