CA1194357A - Feed utilization in ruminants - Google Patents
Feed utilization in ruminantsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1194357A CA1194357A CA000375737A CA375737A CA1194357A CA 1194357 A CA1194357 A CA 1194357A CA 000375737 A CA000375737 A CA 000375737A CA 375737 A CA375737 A CA 375737A CA 1194357 A CA1194357 A CA 1194357A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- carriomycin
- feed
- animal
- salt
- foodstuff
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/195—Antibiotics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Carriomycin and physiologically acceptable salts thereof are effective for the improvement of feed utilization in ruminant.
Carriomycin and physiologically acceptable salts thereof are effective for the improvement of feed utilization in ruminant.
Description
L3~
ion in Ruminants The present invention relates to improvement of feed utilization in ruminants, particularly to a composition for improving feed utilization of ruminants, an animal foodstuff intended to improve feed utilization of ruminants and to processes of producing the same.
As one of their characteristics, ruminants are able to utilize cellulose, hemicellulose and nonproteineous nitrogen effectively which single-stomach animals can hardly utilize. However, ruminants have the disadvantage that the energy from concentrates once ingested is significantly lost as heat and gases in the fermentation process within their rumen ~the first stomach). Ruminants obtain more than a half of their energy requirements from the volatile fatty acids produced by microorganisms in the rl~nen. Thus, the carbohydrates ingested orally are decomposed to pyruvic acid in the rumen and various volatile fatty acids are produced via this pyruvic acid. Princ-ipally produced fatty acids are acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, as well as small amount of isovaleric acid and valeric acid. No loss of energy is involved in the process of conversion from pyruvic acid to propionic ~,,, - 1 - .~
~ i ~9L357 acid but, here, rather a slight increase of energy retention occurs by ut-ilizing hydrogen ion pool efficiency. However, in the production of acetic acid or butyric acid, part of the energy is lost in the form of methane, carbon dioxide or hydrogen. Therefore, in ruminants, the utilization of carbohydrates as energy sources can be increased by adjusting the condition of fermenta~ion in the rumen, so as to decrease the relative production of acetic acid and butyric acid and increase - la -3~35 -the relative produc-tion of propionic acid, I-t is known that cer-tain antibiotics including monensin (U.S. Pa-ten-t ~o. 3839557) and salinomycin (Japanese ~nexamined Published Paten-t ~o. 93578/1977 ;
Belgian Patent 8~61L~2) have the abili-ty to improve -the u-tilization of feed in r.uminants bu-t in view of the vast feed requirements of these animals and narrow safety margin between eEfec-tive and toxic levels of those compounds, a need has been fe:Lt for the development of a safer compound having a higher activity to increase the feed utilization. Since :ruminan-ts are poor converter of concentrates to mea-t, improvement of feed utilization by rumen fermentation manupulation would be a great economic and social contribution.
~he intensive research conducted by the present inventors for agents that would be conductive to a hig'~er relative production of propionic acid in the fermentation . process within the rumen resul-ted in the unexpected - finding that carriomycin exhibits an especially potent activity -to increase the production of propionic acid and tha-t whereas the above-mentioned known agents have only a narrow effective concentration range beyond which a sharp decrease of production of volatile fatty acids due to their to~ic effect was confermed carrio~ycin is greater in the breadth of effective concen-tration and fea-tures an increasing ~roductian of propionic acid in proportlon to dosage, thus ha~ing characteristics which are of great practical utility.
~he research subse~uent].y carried out further led -to the finding that when carriomycin or a salt thereof is added -to a whole ration for ruminants, their feed conversion ratio is remarkably improved and, their body weight is also increased, withou-t inducing a decrease of appetite.
~nother surprlsing finding was that whereas the :Eeed utilization improving activity o:E the conventional ~f~5~ 24205-~3l polyether antibiotics such as monensin and salinomycin is such that while -they increase the body weight oE animals when added to feeds based on roughage, they do not appreciably display their activity because of a reduced feed intake when added to feeds based on concentrates, carriomycin products marked body weight increases, irrespective of whether i-t is added to rough age type feeds or to feeds based on concentrates.
Thus, this invention provides for an animal food-stuff comprising animal feed and carriomycin or a physiologi-cally acceptable salt thereof in an amount effective to improve feed utilization in ruminants.
In a further aspect, this invention provides for a process for the preparation of an animal foodstuff, which process comprises:
admixing carriomycin or a phsiologically acceptable salt thereof in an amount sufficient to improve feed utilization in ruminants with ruminant animal feed.
Carriomycin is a polyether antibiotic which is a]so known as Antibiotic T-42082, and the properties of the pro-ducer of -this antibiotic, the method of producing the anti-biotic and the physicochemical and biological characteris-tics of the antibiotic are well documented in United S-tates Patent No. 4069316, Journal of Antibio-tics (Tokyo) _ (1), 7-14 (1978). Moreover, .Streptomyces hygroscopicus T-42082, one oE the carriomycin-producing strain, has been deposited at the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan and American 5'~
Type Cultllre Collection, United States of America under the accession numbers of IFO 13609 and ATCC 31080, respectively.
Carriomycin may be used as the free acid form or in the form of the salt with a physiologically acceptable base such as an alkali metal (sodium, potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metal (calcium, etc.) or the like. Par-ticularly preferred are the sodium and potassium salts.
In the practice of this invention, carriomycin or its salt need not be a purified product. It may be economi-cally more advantageous to use the dried fermentation broth, either as it is or as diluted with ordinary feed or drinking water according to the carriomycin concentration of the broth~
The animal foodstuff composition according to thisinvention is prepared by mixing carriomycin or a salt thereof with ruminant animal feed.
Animal feed that may be employed include roughage such as hay, forage grass, silage, etc., concentrates such as cereals (corn, barley, wheat, rye, oat, etc.), oil meals (soybeen meal, safflower ~ 3a -35~
meal, etc.) and brans (rice bran, wheat bran, etc.), yeast, fish meal, and so on. It is possible to add o-ther auxiliary agents such as emulsifiers, dispersing agents, suspending agents, wetting agents, thickeners, gelling agents, solubili-zers, etc. in appropriate amounts~ Further, preservatives, fungicides, growth promoting factors (syntheti.c follicle stimulati.ng hormone, etc.), antibiotics, enzyme preparations, lactic acid bacterial preparations, etc. may also be incorpor-ated.
The easiest and practical method of using carriomycin or its salt for improving the feed utilization in ruminants such as cattle, goats and sheep is administration by -the oral route as incorporated in feed. While this animal foodstuff can-be effectively fed ~ 5~
to ruminan-ts a-t any stage of growth, i-t is best appliecl after es-tablishment of their rumen fermentation function (e.g. about 3 months after par-turition in the case of cattle).
While -the dosage of carriomycin or physiologically acceptable salts thereof varies with the species and age of animal, the daily dosage is normally about 60 ~g to 3 mg and preferably about 200 ~g to 1.5 mg per kg body weight of ruminants. ~he preferred concentration of the active agent in feed is about 0 3 to 100 ppm and preferably about 1 to 50 ppm.
If necessary, the present agen-t may be administered in combination with small amounts of protein feed, minerals, molass feed, etc.
Compared with the conventional feed utilization improving agents of the polyether type, carriomycin can be more safely administered to ruminants.
In ruminants, while the magni-ture of improvement in feed utilization brought about by the addition of 20 conventional agents is about 10 percent, carriomycin according to this invention produces an improvement of about 15 to 20 percent. Moreover, the latter characteristically produces a body weight gain of about 10 to 20% over the control value. The present agent is an excellent feed additive especially because it causes a body weight gain of about 15% when added to feeds based on concentrates.
~ he following examples illustrate -the effects of administra-tion of carriomycin or a sal-t thereof 3o Example 1 An in vitro rumen fermentation test with cat-tle rumen ~juice ~he rumen contents of fistulated catt]e raised on rice straw, hay cube and concentrate containg TDN (-total cligestive nutrient): 73.6% and DCP (digestive clude protein ~ S7 10.5%) was filtered through 4 layers of cheesecloth, and to the fil-tra-te was added an equal volume o~ McDougal].'s buffer solution -to prepare a buffered solution of rumen juice.
~ach of carriomycin and monensin (Journal of Animal Science 43~3), 657-664 (1976) ~ was dissolved in 1 ml of methanol and added to 29 ml of the above McDougall buffered soluti~n of rumen juice. The mixture was incubate with 1 g of corn starch as substrate for 8 hours in accordance with the method described in Journal of Animal Science 4~(2), 385-392 (1977) . ~he incubated culture was centrifuged at 3,000 r.p,m. for 20 minutes and a predetermined portion of the supernatant fluid was subaected to gas chromatography (detector ~ID ~flame 15 inoniza-tion detector)) for a quantitative estimation of volatile fatty acids produced microbiologically from the substrate, Table 1 Production of volatile_fatty acids after 8 hours_o in vitro culture - __ ~otal amountlAc~e-tic-Propl~ ~utyric Additive (~g/ml) fatty ac1ds!aCid onic acid ____ ~M/~)a) (molar percent~) --- - ~' '----'- - 64 ~ 2 18.3 17.5 Jarriomycin 1 40.3 59.2 25.9 14.9 sodium 3 42.4 59.6 25.3 15.1 lo L~ 9 58.1 28 ~ 3 13.6 3o 3o 37.8~,_ 56.3 31,2 12 5 Monensin 1 38,5 60.1 23.8 16.1 sodium 3 37.7 60.1 24.1 15.7 lo 35. 59,6 26.2 14.2 _ 30 32.1 55.1 29. L~ 15 ~ 5 , . . ~ . _ _ a) I'he sum for acetic acld, propionic acid and butyric acid b) lhe mol percent of each fatty acid relative -to the total amoun~ of vola-tile fatty acids~
It is apparent from ~able l that the addi-tion of suitable amount;s of carriomycin does not decrease, but rather increases 9 the total production of volatile fatty acids and causes an increase of 42 to 93% in the molar percent of propionic acid with decreases in the amounts of acetic acid and butyric acid. ~he increase of production of propionic acid by the addition of carriomycin is significantly high as compared wi-th the addition of monensin which is known to have an analogous activity.
Example_2 Effect of a carriom~cin-containin~ feed to fattening cattle Fifteen Japanese Brown bread steers were used in groups of 5 animals (average body weight: 237 kg).
- ~he test animals were fed on rations supplemented with 0, lO and 30 ppm of carriomycin sodium for 308 days to investigate the effect of carriomycin supplementation, ~he feed comprised 9 parts by weight of a concentrate containing 7~.6% of TDN and 1005% of DCP (la~le 2) with l part of 5 cm lengths of rice straw, and was made available ad libitum. ~eparately, mineral salt was provided for ingestion ad libi-t;um. Wate~ was also provided for free access from a waterer. Durtng the experiment, feed intakes and body weights were recorded at 2-week intervals and -the feed conversion ratio were computed from -the records.
~able 2 Composi-t,ion of concentrated feed ~t~ L~ Percentage __ _ _ _ .
Barley 3o Corn 40 Whea-t bran 16 -35~f MaterialsPercentage . . . _ ~
Rlce bran, defatte 1 6 ~oybean meal 6 Sodium chloride 1.
Calci~m carbonate . `~ 100 , ~able 3 ~ffect of a carriomycin containing feed to fattening cattle (average 65 cattles) . ~r~nc^ _ Daily body ~ Daily feed ~l~3~-a~Z~G
of carriomycin weight gaina' intakeb) ratioC) sodium in ration (ppm) (kg) (k~) 0 0~91 8066 9.52 : 15 10 1.10 8.59 7.81 . . . ~ 1.05 8 L l 7.63 a: Body weight gain during the period ~ number of fa-ttening days b: ~eed intake during the period ~ number of fattening days c: ~leed intake ~ body weight gain ~ he results are presented in ~able 30 ~he additlon of carriomycin to feed causes an increase of 15 to 21% in body weight gain, without any significant change in feed 25 intake, thus resulting in an improvemen-t of 18 to 25% in feed conversion ratio.
Example ~
Effe_t of a carriom~cin-containing feed to sheeP
~hirty sheep of the Japanese Corriedale breed with an a~erage body weight of 24 kg were used in groups of lO:animals, ~he animals were maintained on a ration supplemented with 0, 3 and 10 ppm of carriomycin sodium for 70 da~s l;o investigate the effect of carriomycin 35 supplementation, ~he feed contained 40% of a chopped mixed hay ba~3ed on orchard grass and thimosy, 38% of wheat bran alld 20% of corn~ ~ortified with 1% each of calcium carbonate and sodium chloride. ~he ration was made available ad libitum. Separately, minera] salt was provlded for free access~ Drinking water was also provided from a w~terer for lngestion ad libitum.
During -the experimental period, feed in-takes and body weights were recorded at l-week intervals. The feed convertion ratio was computed from -the records.
~able 4 ~ffect of a carriamycin-containing feed to sheep Concentration Dally body Daily feed ~eed conversion sodium in ration weight gaina) intakeb) ratioC) (PP~) (g) (kg) _ 0 159 l.L~8 9.31 1~5 1.52 ~. 23 181 1,46 8.05 .... _ ~ _ _ . . . . _ . .. ~
! ``- a: Body weight gain during the period ~ number of feeding days b: ~eed intake during the period . number of feeding days c: ~eed intake -~ body weight gain ~ he results are summarized in Table 4. The addition of carriomycin to feed causes an increase of 14 to 16% in body weight gain without inducing any significant change in feed intake, thus resulting in an improvement of 12 to 14% in feed conversion ra-tio.
ExamE~
~or the purpose of improving the feed utiliza-tion in ruminants, carrlomycin or/and a salt thereof can be used for example in the following dosage forms.
1) Carriomycin sodium 20%
n meal 80%
Total 100%
~he two ma-terlals are crushed and evenly blended -to prepare a 20% powder of carriomycin sodium. ~hls 20%
11~4~
powder is added to feed at the level of 1.5 to 500 ppm and -the resultant fortified feed is given to animals.
ion in Ruminants The present invention relates to improvement of feed utilization in ruminants, particularly to a composition for improving feed utilization of ruminants, an animal foodstuff intended to improve feed utilization of ruminants and to processes of producing the same.
As one of their characteristics, ruminants are able to utilize cellulose, hemicellulose and nonproteineous nitrogen effectively which single-stomach animals can hardly utilize. However, ruminants have the disadvantage that the energy from concentrates once ingested is significantly lost as heat and gases in the fermentation process within their rumen ~the first stomach). Ruminants obtain more than a half of their energy requirements from the volatile fatty acids produced by microorganisms in the rl~nen. Thus, the carbohydrates ingested orally are decomposed to pyruvic acid in the rumen and various volatile fatty acids are produced via this pyruvic acid. Princ-ipally produced fatty acids are acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, as well as small amount of isovaleric acid and valeric acid. No loss of energy is involved in the process of conversion from pyruvic acid to propionic ~,,, - 1 - .~
~ i ~9L357 acid but, here, rather a slight increase of energy retention occurs by ut-ilizing hydrogen ion pool efficiency. However, in the production of acetic acid or butyric acid, part of the energy is lost in the form of methane, carbon dioxide or hydrogen. Therefore, in ruminants, the utilization of carbohydrates as energy sources can be increased by adjusting the condition of fermenta~ion in the rumen, so as to decrease the relative production of acetic acid and butyric acid and increase - la -3~35 -the relative produc-tion of propionic acid, I-t is known that cer-tain antibiotics including monensin (U.S. Pa-ten-t ~o. 3839557) and salinomycin (Japanese ~nexamined Published Paten-t ~o. 93578/1977 ;
Belgian Patent 8~61L~2) have the abili-ty to improve -the u-tilization of feed in r.uminants bu-t in view of the vast feed requirements of these animals and narrow safety margin between eEfec-tive and toxic levels of those compounds, a need has been fe:Lt for the development of a safer compound having a higher activity to increase the feed utilization. Since :ruminan-ts are poor converter of concentrates to mea-t, improvement of feed utilization by rumen fermentation manupulation would be a great economic and social contribution.
~he intensive research conducted by the present inventors for agents that would be conductive to a hig'~er relative production of propionic acid in the fermentation . process within the rumen resul-ted in the unexpected - finding that carriomycin exhibits an especially potent activity -to increase the production of propionic acid and tha-t whereas the above-mentioned known agents have only a narrow effective concentration range beyond which a sharp decrease of production of volatile fatty acids due to their to~ic effect was confermed carrio~ycin is greater in the breadth of effective concen-tration and fea-tures an increasing ~roductian of propionic acid in proportlon to dosage, thus ha~ing characteristics which are of great practical utility.
~he research subse~uent].y carried out further led -to the finding that when carriomycin or a salt thereof is added -to a whole ration for ruminants, their feed conversion ratio is remarkably improved and, their body weight is also increased, withou-t inducing a decrease of appetite.
~nother surprlsing finding was that whereas the :Eeed utilization improving activity o:E the conventional ~f~5~ 24205-~3l polyether antibiotics such as monensin and salinomycin is such that while -they increase the body weight oE animals when added to feeds based on roughage, they do not appreciably display their activity because of a reduced feed intake when added to feeds based on concentrates, carriomycin products marked body weight increases, irrespective of whether i-t is added to rough age type feeds or to feeds based on concentrates.
Thus, this invention provides for an animal food-stuff comprising animal feed and carriomycin or a physiologi-cally acceptable salt thereof in an amount effective to improve feed utilization in ruminants.
In a further aspect, this invention provides for a process for the preparation of an animal foodstuff, which process comprises:
admixing carriomycin or a phsiologically acceptable salt thereof in an amount sufficient to improve feed utilization in ruminants with ruminant animal feed.
Carriomycin is a polyether antibiotic which is a]so known as Antibiotic T-42082, and the properties of the pro-ducer of -this antibiotic, the method of producing the anti-biotic and the physicochemical and biological characteris-tics of the antibiotic are well documented in United S-tates Patent No. 4069316, Journal of Antibio-tics (Tokyo) _ (1), 7-14 (1978). Moreover, .Streptomyces hygroscopicus T-42082, one oE the carriomycin-producing strain, has been deposited at the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan and American 5'~
Type Cultllre Collection, United States of America under the accession numbers of IFO 13609 and ATCC 31080, respectively.
Carriomycin may be used as the free acid form or in the form of the salt with a physiologically acceptable base such as an alkali metal (sodium, potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metal (calcium, etc.) or the like. Par-ticularly preferred are the sodium and potassium salts.
In the practice of this invention, carriomycin or its salt need not be a purified product. It may be economi-cally more advantageous to use the dried fermentation broth, either as it is or as diluted with ordinary feed or drinking water according to the carriomycin concentration of the broth~
The animal foodstuff composition according to thisinvention is prepared by mixing carriomycin or a salt thereof with ruminant animal feed.
Animal feed that may be employed include roughage such as hay, forage grass, silage, etc., concentrates such as cereals (corn, barley, wheat, rye, oat, etc.), oil meals (soybeen meal, safflower ~ 3a -35~
meal, etc.) and brans (rice bran, wheat bran, etc.), yeast, fish meal, and so on. It is possible to add o-ther auxiliary agents such as emulsifiers, dispersing agents, suspending agents, wetting agents, thickeners, gelling agents, solubili-zers, etc. in appropriate amounts~ Further, preservatives, fungicides, growth promoting factors (syntheti.c follicle stimulati.ng hormone, etc.), antibiotics, enzyme preparations, lactic acid bacterial preparations, etc. may also be incorpor-ated.
The easiest and practical method of using carriomycin or its salt for improving the feed utilization in ruminants such as cattle, goats and sheep is administration by -the oral route as incorporated in feed. While this animal foodstuff can-be effectively fed ~ 5~
to ruminan-ts a-t any stage of growth, i-t is best appliecl after es-tablishment of their rumen fermentation function (e.g. about 3 months after par-turition in the case of cattle).
While -the dosage of carriomycin or physiologically acceptable salts thereof varies with the species and age of animal, the daily dosage is normally about 60 ~g to 3 mg and preferably about 200 ~g to 1.5 mg per kg body weight of ruminants. ~he preferred concentration of the active agent in feed is about 0 3 to 100 ppm and preferably about 1 to 50 ppm.
If necessary, the present agen-t may be administered in combination with small amounts of protein feed, minerals, molass feed, etc.
Compared with the conventional feed utilization improving agents of the polyether type, carriomycin can be more safely administered to ruminants.
In ruminants, while the magni-ture of improvement in feed utilization brought about by the addition of 20 conventional agents is about 10 percent, carriomycin according to this invention produces an improvement of about 15 to 20 percent. Moreover, the latter characteristically produces a body weight gain of about 10 to 20% over the control value. The present agent is an excellent feed additive especially because it causes a body weight gain of about 15% when added to feeds based on concentrates.
~ he following examples illustrate -the effects of administra-tion of carriomycin or a sal-t thereof 3o Example 1 An in vitro rumen fermentation test with cat-tle rumen ~juice ~he rumen contents of fistulated catt]e raised on rice straw, hay cube and concentrate containg TDN (-total cligestive nutrient): 73.6% and DCP (digestive clude protein ~ S7 10.5%) was filtered through 4 layers of cheesecloth, and to the fil-tra-te was added an equal volume o~ McDougal].'s buffer solution -to prepare a buffered solution of rumen juice.
~ach of carriomycin and monensin (Journal of Animal Science 43~3), 657-664 (1976) ~ was dissolved in 1 ml of methanol and added to 29 ml of the above McDougall buffered soluti~n of rumen juice. The mixture was incubate with 1 g of corn starch as substrate for 8 hours in accordance with the method described in Journal of Animal Science 4~(2), 385-392 (1977) . ~he incubated culture was centrifuged at 3,000 r.p,m. for 20 minutes and a predetermined portion of the supernatant fluid was subaected to gas chromatography (detector ~ID ~flame 15 inoniza-tion detector)) for a quantitative estimation of volatile fatty acids produced microbiologically from the substrate, Table 1 Production of volatile_fatty acids after 8 hours_o in vitro culture - __ ~otal amountlAc~e-tic-Propl~ ~utyric Additive (~g/ml) fatty ac1ds!aCid onic acid ____ ~M/~)a) (molar percent~) --- - ~' '----'- - 64 ~ 2 18.3 17.5 Jarriomycin 1 40.3 59.2 25.9 14.9 sodium 3 42.4 59.6 25.3 15.1 lo L~ 9 58.1 28 ~ 3 13.6 3o 3o 37.8~,_ 56.3 31,2 12 5 Monensin 1 38,5 60.1 23.8 16.1 sodium 3 37.7 60.1 24.1 15.7 lo 35. 59,6 26.2 14.2 _ 30 32.1 55.1 29. L~ 15 ~ 5 , . . ~ . _ _ a) I'he sum for acetic acld, propionic acid and butyric acid b) lhe mol percent of each fatty acid relative -to the total amoun~ of vola-tile fatty acids~
It is apparent from ~able l that the addi-tion of suitable amount;s of carriomycin does not decrease, but rather increases 9 the total production of volatile fatty acids and causes an increase of 42 to 93% in the molar percent of propionic acid with decreases in the amounts of acetic acid and butyric acid. ~he increase of production of propionic acid by the addition of carriomycin is significantly high as compared wi-th the addition of monensin which is known to have an analogous activity.
Example_2 Effect of a carriom~cin-containin~ feed to fattening cattle Fifteen Japanese Brown bread steers were used in groups of 5 animals (average body weight: 237 kg).
- ~he test animals were fed on rations supplemented with 0, lO and 30 ppm of carriomycin sodium for 308 days to investigate the effect of carriomycin supplementation, ~he feed comprised 9 parts by weight of a concentrate containing 7~.6% of TDN and 1005% of DCP (la~le 2) with l part of 5 cm lengths of rice straw, and was made available ad libitum. ~eparately, mineral salt was provided for ingestion ad libi-t;um. Wate~ was also provided for free access from a waterer. Durtng the experiment, feed intakes and body weights were recorded at 2-week intervals and -the feed conversion ratio were computed from -the records.
~able 2 Composi-t,ion of concentrated feed ~t~ L~ Percentage __ _ _ _ .
Barley 3o Corn 40 Whea-t bran 16 -35~f MaterialsPercentage . . . _ ~
Rlce bran, defatte 1 6 ~oybean meal 6 Sodium chloride 1.
Calci~m carbonate . `~ 100 , ~able 3 ~ffect of a carriomycin containing feed to fattening cattle (average 65 cattles) . ~r~nc^ _ Daily body ~ Daily feed ~l~3~-a~Z~G
of carriomycin weight gaina' intakeb) ratioC) sodium in ration (ppm) (kg) (k~) 0 0~91 8066 9.52 : 15 10 1.10 8.59 7.81 . . . ~ 1.05 8 L l 7.63 a: Body weight gain during the period ~ number of fa-ttening days b: ~eed intake during the period ~ number of fattening days c: ~leed intake ~ body weight gain ~ he results are presented in ~able 30 ~he additlon of carriomycin to feed causes an increase of 15 to 21% in body weight gain, without any significant change in feed 25 intake, thus resulting in an improvemen-t of 18 to 25% in feed conversion ratio.
Example ~
Effe_t of a carriom~cin-containing feed to sheeP
~hirty sheep of the Japanese Corriedale breed with an a~erage body weight of 24 kg were used in groups of lO:animals, ~he animals were maintained on a ration supplemented with 0, 3 and 10 ppm of carriomycin sodium for 70 da~s l;o investigate the effect of carriomycin 35 supplementation, ~he feed contained 40% of a chopped mixed hay ba~3ed on orchard grass and thimosy, 38% of wheat bran alld 20% of corn~ ~ortified with 1% each of calcium carbonate and sodium chloride. ~he ration was made available ad libitum. Separately, minera] salt was provlded for free access~ Drinking water was also provided from a w~terer for lngestion ad libitum.
During -the experimental period, feed in-takes and body weights were recorded at l-week intervals. The feed convertion ratio was computed from -the records.
~able 4 ~ffect of a carriamycin-containing feed to sheep Concentration Dally body Daily feed ~eed conversion sodium in ration weight gaina) intakeb) ratioC) (PP~) (g) (kg) _ 0 159 l.L~8 9.31 1~5 1.52 ~. 23 181 1,46 8.05 .... _ ~ _ _ . . . . _ . .. ~
! ``- a: Body weight gain during the period ~ number of feeding days b: ~eed intake during the period . number of feeding days c: ~eed intake -~ body weight gain ~ he results are summarized in Table 4. The addition of carriomycin to feed causes an increase of 14 to 16% in body weight gain without inducing any significant change in feed intake, thus resulting in an improvement of 12 to 14% in feed conversion ra-tio.
ExamE~
~or the purpose of improving the feed utiliza-tion in ruminants, carrlomycin or/and a salt thereof can be used for example in the following dosage forms.
1) Carriomycin sodium 20%
n meal 80%
Total 100%
~he two ma-terlals are crushed and evenly blended -to prepare a 20% powder of carriomycin sodium. ~hls 20%
11~4~
powder is added to feed at the level of 1.5 to 500 ppm and -the resultant fortified feed is given to animals.
2) Carriomycin sodium 5%
Wheat bran 95.%
. . _ . .
Total 100%
The two materials are crushed and evenly blended to prepare a 5% powder of carriomycin sodium. This 5~ powder is added to feed at the level of 6 to 2,000 ppm and the resultant fortified feed is given to animals.
Wheat bran 95.%
. . _ . .
Total 100%
The two materials are crushed and evenly blended to prepare a 5% powder of carriomycin sodium. This 5~ powder is added to feed at the level of 6 to 2,000 ppm and the resultant fortified feed is given to animals.
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An animal foodstuff comprising animal feed and carriomycin or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in an amount effective to improve feed utilization in ruminants.
2. An animal foodstuff as claimed in claim 1 wherein the foodstuff contains carriomycin or a physiologically accept-able salt thereof in a weight concentration of between 0.3 to 100 ppm.
3. An animal foodstuff as claimed in claim 2 wherein the foodstuff contains carriomycin or a physiologically accept-able salt thereof in a weight concentration of between 1 to 50 ppm.
4. An animal foodstuff as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the physiologically acceptable salt is an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt.
5. An animal foodstuff as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the physiologically acceptable salt is sodium salt.
6. An animal foodstuff according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the animal feed is a member selected from the group consisting of hay, forage grass, silage, cereal, oil meal, bran, yeast, fish meal, and a combination thereof.
7. A process for the preparation of an animal food-stuff, which process comprises:
admixing carriomycin or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in an amount sufficient to improve feed utilization in ruminants with ruminant animal feed.
admixing carriomycin or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in an amount sufficient to improve feed utilization in ruminants with ruminant animal feed.
8. A process according to claim 7, wherein a dried fermentation broth containing carriomycin or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof is employed.
9. A process according to claim 7 or 8, wherein an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of carriomy-cin is employed.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5312680A JPS56148243A (en) | 1980-04-21 | 1980-04-21 | Feed composition |
| JP53126/1980 | 1980-04-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1194357A true CA1194357A (en) | 1985-10-01 |
Family
ID=12934106
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000375737A Expired CA1194357A (en) | 1980-04-21 | 1981-04-16 | Feed utilization in ruminants |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS56148243A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1194357A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3115382A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2480569A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2075340B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8101843A (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4069316A (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1978-01-17 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Method for producing antibiotic T-42082 and antibiotic T-42082 |
| JPS5513252A (en) * | 1978-07-14 | 1980-01-30 | Takeda Chem Ind Ltd | Preventive and remedy for swine dysentry |
| GB2055094B (en) * | 1979-07-11 | 1984-05-31 | Int Minerals & Chem Corp | Polyether antibiotic zinc complexes |
-
1980
- 1980-04-21 JP JP5312680A patent/JPS56148243A/en active Pending
-
1981
- 1981-04-10 GB GB8111310A patent/GB2075340B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-14 NL NL8101843A patent/NL8101843A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-04-16 FR FR8107728A patent/FR2480569A1/en active Granted
- 1981-04-16 CA CA000375737A patent/CA1194357A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-16 DE DE19813115382 patent/DE3115382A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2075340B (en) | 1984-08-22 |
| DE3115382A1 (en) | 1982-06-09 |
| FR2480569A1 (en) | 1981-10-23 |
| GB2075340A (en) | 1981-11-18 |
| FR2480569B1 (en) | 1985-01-11 |
| JPS56148243A (en) | 1981-11-17 |
| NL8101843A (en) | 1981-11-16 |
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