CA1193891A - Fully dense alloy steel powder - Google Patents
Fully dense alloy steel powderInfo
- Publication number
- CA1193891A CA1193891A CA000388061A CA388061A CA1193891A CA 1193891 A CA1193891 A CA 1193891A CA 000388061 A CA000388061 A CA 000388061A CA 388061 A CA388061 A CA 388061A CA 1193891 A CA1193891 A CA 1193891A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- phosphorus
- powder
- silicon
- alloy
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A corrosion resistant alloy steel powder and a method of making final products from the same are provided. The alloy powder is modification of 300 series stainless steels and includes increased amounts of silicon and phosphorus. The alloy powder is useful in making fully dense, corrosion resistant products using powder metallurgy techniques.
A corrosion resistant alloy steel powder and a method of making final products from the same are provided. The alloy powder is modification of 300 series stainless steels and includes increased amounts of silicon and phosphorus. The alloy powder is useful in making fully dense, corrosion resistant products using powder metallurgy techniques.
Description
BACRGROr]ND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides 2 corrosion resistant alloy steel powder and a method of ?roducing final products usinq the same. More specifically, the alloy powder is a modiication of a type 300 series stainless steel, with lncreased percentages of silicon and phosphorus. The alloy powder is useful for ~roducing fully dense metal products b~
powder metallurgy techniques.
Type 300 series stainless steels are common stainless steels used in numerous industrial applications. In attempting to make fully dense products 'rom the atomized powder of the alloys of this type of stainless steel using powder metallurgy techniques, it is known that powder alloys o~ the-typical compositions of ihe alloy series, i.e.
type 304 and type 316, are difficult to sinter to full density.
It is believed that the difriculty in sintering is due to the narrow difference between the solidus and liquidus temperatures of these alloys. This difference is approx-imately 10F (5C). Accordingly, the width o~ the liquid phase sintering range of such an alloy would be so narrow that it would be economically impractical to control the sintering temperature accura ely enough ln a com~ercial production operation.
Accordingly, it is necessary to increase the difference between the liquidus and solidus tempe-2tures ln order that liquid phase sintering can be commercially ?erLormed.
case ~80C
~3i~
It is an object of the present invention to produce an alloy steel useful ln forming fully dense, corrosion resistant products by powder metallurgy techniques.
SU~iMARY OF THE INV~:NTION
The present in~ention pro~ides a high alloy steel powder useful in Eorming fully dense, corrosion resistan~
products by powder metallurgy techni~ues. A method of producing final products from the steel powder is also provided.
In the method of producing the alloy powder of the present invention, the typical composition of the type 300 series stainless steel is changed to provide addi~ional silicon and phosphorus to result in a final composition, by weight, of chromium o about 16-19%, molybdenum about 0-4~, silicon about 1.7-3~ and phosphorus about 0.04-0.24~. The difference between the solidus and liquidus temperatures is increased to greater than 25F ~14C) by the addition of the silicon and phosphorus, and sintering can be commercially performed within the temperature range. The additional silicon is usually added in a prP-alloy operation prior to atomization of the molten alloy to form a powder. ~he phosphorus can be added in the pre-alloy operation, but can also be added in an ad-mix operation. In such an ad-mix operation, the phosphorus is added in powder form to the alloy powder, usually in the form of fe~~o--phosphorus powder.
DETAIL~D DESCRIPTION
The production of a fully dense, corrosion resistant product is seen in the following examples:
.. . . . .
Case ,dOC
Example 1 One iron base alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a powdered metal had the following initial analysis by weight:
Chromium AboUt 1 9 ~
Nickel About 12%
Molybdenum A~out 2.5 Manganese About 1.3 Silicon About 3 Phosphorus About 0.08 Carbon About O.C8~
Iron Essentially balance ~ The powdered metal was blended with about 1~ by weight Acrawax ~Trademark) for die lubrication purposes. Any similar lubricant may also be used. The sample was compacted in a die at 50 TSI (7047 Ks/cm2), the lubricant was removed in a burn off process and then the compacted sample was vacuum sintered at 2~20F (1327C) or 90 minutes. A final product of over 97~ theoretical density, ultimate tensile strength of 100,000 lb/in2 (1047 Xg/cm2), yield st ength of ~9,000 lb/in2 (3452 Kg/cm2), elongation of 10~ and unnotched impact strength of 32 ft-lb (43 joules) was produced. In addition, the corrosion rate of the final product was a . 1 inch per year (0.25 cm/year). The corrosion ~est was performed according to practice B of AST.`5 A 262. The product was also found to be rust free in a 5~ salt fog environment according to ASTM B 117-63.
If desired, the final products can be water quenched to improve corrosion resisiance, ductility, toughness and other ' aa~ ~u~
38~
propexties. In the above example, the final product ~hen water quenched from a solution treatment temperature of 2100~ (lliOC) has an elongation of 40% and an unnotched impact strength of greater than 120 ft-lb (163 joules). The corrosion rate of the final product was 0.04 in/yr (1 mm/yr) in boiling sulfuric acid according to practice B of ASTM A ~62.
Other samples of similar composition were successfully sintered at temperatures between 2i80-24600F (130i-1350C).
Example 2 Another iron ~ase alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to ~rovide a powdered metal had the following initial analysis by weight:
Chromi~m About 19%
Nickel .~bout 12%
1~ Molybdenum About 2.5~
Manganese About 0.336 Silicon About 3~
Phosphorus About .08%
Carbon About 0.08 ?5 Iron Essentially balance The powdered metal was compacted and sintered in a manner similar to Example 1. The final p.oduct had propertles similar to the ~inal product in Example 1, except that elongation impro~ed to 26 ?5 . The corrosion rate was 0.047 in/yr (1.2 mm/yr).
Case _d J~
~3~
Example 3 Another iron base alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a powdered metal had the following initial analysis by weight:
Chromium About 16~
Nickel About 133 Molybdenum About 2.5%
Manganese .~bout 0.3%
Silicon About 3.0 Phosphorus About 0.08 Carbon About 0.04~
Iron Essentially balance - The powdered metal was blended with about 1% by weight Acrawax (Trademark) for die lubrication purposes. Any similar lubricant may also be used. The sample was compacted lS in a die at 50 TSI (7047 Kg/cm2), the lubricant ~as removed in a burn off process and then the compacted sample was vacuum sintered at 2430F (1332C) for 90 minutes. A final product of 99% theoretical density, ultimate tensile strength of 93,000 lb/in2 (6553 Kg/cm2), yield strength of 37,000 lb/in2 (2607 Kg/cm2), elongation of 45%, unnotched impact strength of greater than 120 ft-lb (161 joules) and notched impact strength of 17 ft-lb (23 joules) was produced.
In this example, when the final product was gas fan cooled rrom a solution treatment temperature of 2100F
(1150C) it has an elongation of 57~ and a notcned impac~
strength of 38 ft-in (Sl joules). Tne corrosion rate was 0.16 in/yr (4 mm/yr).
Example 4 Another iron base alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a powdered metal had the following initial analysis by weight:
Chromium About 19 Nickel About 12~
Molybdenum About 2.5%
Manganese ~bout 0.2 Silicon About 3 Phosphorus About 0.04 Carbon About 0.08~
Iron Essentially b~lance ~ The powdered metal was compacted and sintered in a ; manner similar to that set forth in Example 1. The final product had ~roperties simular to the final product in 15 Example 1, except that th~ corrosion rate was 0.05 in/yr (1.27 mm/yr), Example 5 Another iron base alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a powdered metal had the ~ollowlng initial analysis by weight:
Chromium About 19%
Nickel About 12~
~olybdenum About 2.5%
Manganese About 0.3 Sllicon .~bout 2 Phos?horus About 0.05 Car~on .~bout 0.08~
Iron Essentially balance case ~dJu ~-~ ~
3~
The powdered metal was compacted and sintered in a manner similar to that set forth in Example 1. The final product had properties similar to the final product ln Example 1, except that the corrosion rate was 0.037 in/yr S (0.94 mm/yr).
Example 6 Another iron ~ase alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a po~dered metal had the following initial analysis by weight:
Chromium About 18 Nickel About 12~
Molybdenum About 2.5%
Manganese About 0.
Silicon About 1.7~
Phosphorus About 0.09%
lS Carbon About 0.08~
Iron Essentially balance The powdered metal was compacted and sintered in a manner similar to that set forth in Example 1. The final product had properties similar to the final product in Example 1, except that the corrosion rate was 0.049 in/yr (1.25 mm/yr).
Example 7 Another iron ~ase alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a ~owdered metal had the following initial analysis ~y weight:
Case saoc ~iL9~8~
Chromium .~bout 18 Nickel Abou~ 12 Molybdenum About 2.S~
Manganese .~bout 0.
Silicon About Phosphorus .~bout 0.l~
Carbon .~bout 0.08%
Iron Essentially balance The powdered metal was compacted and sintered în a ~anner similar ~o ~hat set forth in Ex~mple l. The fina1 product had properties similar to the ~inal product in Example l.
Example 8 Another iron base alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a powdered metal had the 15 following initial analysis by weight:
Chromium About 18 Nickel About 12 Mol~bdenum Abou-t 2.5 Manganese About 0.3 Silicon About 3%
Phosphorus About 0.2 Carbon About 0.08~
Iron Essentially balance The powdered metal was compacted and sintered in a manner similar to that set forth in E~ample l. T~e final product had properties similar to the final ?roduct in Example 1, except that the corrosion rate was 0.10 in/yr (2.~ mm/yr~
The present invention provides 2 corrosion resistant alloy steel powder and a method of ?roducing final products usinq the same. More specifically, the alloy powder is a modiication of a type 300 series stainless steel, with lncreased percentages of silicon and phosphorus. The alloy powder is useful for ~roducing fully dense metal products b~
powder metallurgy techniques.
Type 300 series stainless steels are common stainless steels used in numerous industrial applications. In attempting to make fully dense products 'rom the atomized powder of the alloys of this type of stainless steel using powder metallurgy techniques, it is known that powder alloys o~ the-typical compositions of ihe alloy series, i.e.
type 304 and type 316, are difficult to sinter to full density.
It is believed that the difriculty in sintering is due to the narrow difference between the solidus and liquidus temperatures of these alloys. This difference is approx-imately 10F (5C). Accordingly, the width o~ the liquid phase sintering range of such an alloy would be so narrow that it would be economically impractical to control the sintering temperature accura ely enough ln a com~ercial production operation.
Accordingly, it is necessary to increase the difference between the liquidus and solidus tempe-2tures ln order that liquid phase sintering can be commercially ?erLormed.
case ~80C
~3i~
It is an object of the present invention to produce an alloy steel useful ln forming fully dense, corrosion resistant products by powder metallurgy techniques.
SU~iMARY OF THE INV~:NTION
The present in~ention pro~ides a high alloy steel powder useful in Eorming fully dense, corrosion resistan~
products by powder metallurgy techni~ues. A method of producing final products from the steel powder is also provided.
In the method of producing the alloy powder of the present invention, the typical composition of the type 300 series stainless steel is changed to provide addi~ional silicon and phosphorus to result in a final composition, by weight, of chromium o about 16-19%, molybdenum about 0-4~, silicon about 1.7-3~ and phosphorus about 0.04-0.24~. The difference between the solidus and liquidus temperatures is increased to greater than 25F ~14C) by the addition of the silicon and phosphorus, and sintering can be commercially performed within the temperature range. The additional silicon is usually added in a prP-alloy operation prior to atomization of the molten alloy to form a powder. ~he phosphorus can be added in the pre-alloy operation, but can also be added in an ad-mix operation. In such an ad-mix operation, the phosphorus is added in powder form to the alloy powder, usually in the form of fe~~o--phosphorus powder.
DETAIL~D DESCRIPTION
The production of a fully dense, corrosion resistant product is seen in the following examples:
.. . . . .
Case ,dOC
Example 1 One iron base alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a powdered metal had the following initial analysis by weight:
Chromium AboUt 1 9 ~
Nickel About 12%
Molybdenum A~out 2.5 Manganese About 1.3 Silicon About 3 Phosphorus About 0.08 Carbon About O.C8~
Iron Essentially balance ~ The powdered metal was blended with about 1~ by weight Acrawax ~Trademark) for die lubrication purposes. Any similar lubricant may also be used. The sample was compacted in a die at 50 TSI (7047 Ks/cm2), the lubricant was removed in a burn off process and then the compacted sample was vacuum sintered at 2~20F (1327C) or 90 minutes. A final product of over 97~ theoretical density, ultimate tensile strength of 100,000 lb/in2 (1047 Xg/cm2), yield st ength of ~9,000 lb/in2 (3452 Kg/cm2), elongation of 10~ and unnotched impact strength of 32 ft-lb (43 joules) was produced. In addition, the corrosion rate of the final product was a . 1 inch per year (0.25 cm/year). The corrosion ~est was performed according to practice B of AST.`5 A 262. The product was also found to be rust free in a 5~ salt fog environment according to ASTM B 117-63.
If desired, the final products can be water quenched to improve corrosion resisiance, ductility, toughness and other ' aa~ ~u~
38~
propexties. In the above example, the final product ~hen water quenched from a solution treatment temperature of 2100~ (lliOC) has an elongation of 40% and an unnotched impact strength of greater than 120 ft-lb (163 joules). The corrosion rate of the final product was 0.04 in/yr (1 mm/yr) in boiling sulfuric acid according to practice B of ASTM A ~62.
Other samples of similar composition were successfully sintered at temperatures between 2i80-24600F (130i-1350C).
Example 2 Another iron ~ase alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to ~rovide a powdered metal had the following initial analysis by weight:
Chromi~m About 19%
Nickel .~bout 12%
1~ Molybdenum About 2.5~
Manganese About 0.336 Silicon About 3~
Phosphorus About .08%
Carbon About 0.08 ?5 Iron Essentially balance The powdered metal was compacted and sintered in a manner similar to Example 1. The final p.oduct had propertles similar to the ~inal product in Example 1, except that elongation impro~ed to 26 ?5 . The corrosion rate was 0.047 in/yr (1.2 mm/yr).
Case _d J~
~3~
Example 3 Another iron base alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a powdered metal had the following initial analysis by weight:
Chromium About 16~
Nickel About 133 Molybdenum About 2.5%
Manganese .~bout 0.3%
Silicon About 3.0 Phosphorus About 0.08 Carbon About 0.04~
Iron Essentially balance - The powdered metal was blended with about 1% by weight Acrawax (Trademark) for die lubrication purposes. Any similar lubricant may also be used. The sample was compacted lS in a die at 50 TSI (7047 Kg/cm2), the lubricant ~as removed in a burn off process and then the compacted sample was vacuum sintered at 2430F (1332C) for 90 minutes. A final product of 99% theoretical density, ultimate tensile strength of 93,000 lb/in2 (6553 Kg/cm2), yield strength of 37,000 lb/in2 (2607 Kg/cm2), elongation of 45%, unnotched impact strength of greater than 120 ft-lb (161 joules) and notched impact strength of 17 ft-lb (23 joules) was produced.
In this example, when the final product was gas fan cooled rrom a solution treatment temperature of 2100F
(1150C) it has an elongation of 57~ and a notcned impac~
strength of 38 ft-in (Sl joules). Tne corrosion rate was 0.16 in/yr (4 mm/yr).
Example 4 Another iron base alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a powdered metal had the following initial analysis by weight:
Chromium About 19 Nickel About 12~
Molybdenum About 2.5%
Manganese ~bout 0.2 Silicon About 3 Phosphorus About 0.04 Carbon About 0.08~
Iron Essentially b~lance ~ The powdered metal was compacted and sintered in a ; manner similar to that set forth in Example 1. The final product had ~roperties simular to the final product in 15 Example 1, except that th~ corrosion rate was 0.05 in/yr (1.27 mm/yr), Example 5 Another iron base alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a powdered metal had the ~ollowlng initial analysis by weight:
Chromium About 19%
Nickel About 12~
~olybdenum About 2.5%
Manganese About 0.3 Sllicon .~bout 2 Phos?horus About 0.05 Car~on .~bout 0.08~
Iron Essentially balance case ~dJu ~-~ ~
3~
The powdered metal was compacted and sintered in a manner similar to that set forth in Example 1. The final product had properties similar to the final product ln Example 1, except that the corrosion rate was 0.037 in/yr S (0.94 mm/yr).
Example 6 Another iron ~ase alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a po~dered metal had the following initial analysis by weight:
Chromium About 18 Nickel About 12~
Molybdenum About 2.5%
Manganese About 0.
Silicon About 1.7~
Phosphorus About 0.09%
lS Carbon About 0.08~
Iron Essentially balance The powdered metal was compacted and sintered in a manner similar to that set forth in Example 1. The final product had properties similar to the final product in Example 1, except that the corrosion rate was 0.049 in/yr (1.25 mm/yr).
Example 7 Another iron ~ase alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a ~owdered metal had the following initial analysis ~y weight:
Case saoc ~iL9~8~
Chromium .~bout 18 Nickel Abou~ 12 Molybdenum About 2.S~
Manganese .~bout 0.
Silicon About Phosphorus .~bout 0.l~
Carbon .~bout 0.08%
Iron Essentially balance The powdered metal was compacted and sintered în a ~anner similar ~o ~hat set forth in Ex~mple l. The fina1 product had properties similar to the ~inal product in Example l.
Example 8 Another iron base alloy that was water atomized and screened at -88 mesh to provide a powdered metal had the 15 following initial analysis by weight:
Chromium About 18 Nickel About 12 Mol~bdenum Abou-t 2.5 Manganese About 0.3 Silicon About 3%
Phosphorus About 0.2 Carbon About 0.08~
Iron Essentially balance The powdered metal was compacted and sintered in a manner similar to that set forth in E~ample l. T~e final product had properties similar to the final ?roduct in Example 1, except that the corrosion rate was 0.10 in/yr (2.~ mm/yr~
Claims (3)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A modified type 300 stainless steel alloy powder consisting essentiallyof, by weight, about 19% chromium, about 12% nickel, up to about 2% manganese, up to about 4% molybdenum, about 3% silicon, up to about 0.2% carbon and about 0.1%phosphorus, and the balance essentially iron.
2. A modified type 300 stainless steel alloy powder consisting essentiallyof, by weight, 16-19% chromium, about 12% nickel, up to about 2% manganese, up to about 4% molybdenum, 2-3% silicon, up to about 0.1% carbon, and the balance essentially iron, the improvement comprising the addition of about 0.1%
phosphorus.
phosphorus.
3. A modified type 300 stainless steel alloy powder consisting essentiallyof, by weight, about 16-19% chromium, about 12-13% nickel, up to about 4%
molybdenum, up to about 2% manganese, up to about 0.1% carbon, 1.7-3.0% silicon,0.04-0.24% phosphorus, and the balance essentially iron.
molybdenum, up to about 2% manganese, up to about 0.1% carbon, 1.7-3.0% silicon,0.04-0.24% phosphorus, and the balance essentially iron.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US20052780A | 1980-10-24 | 1980-10-24 | |
| US200,527 | 1980-10-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1193891A true CA1193891A (en) | 1985-09-24 |
Family
ID=22742085
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000388061A Expired CA1193891A (en) | 1980-10-24 | 1981-10-16 | Fully dense alloy steel powder |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0050969B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5798659A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8106856A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1193891A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3164598D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8300872A1 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN153975B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX156202A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE0102102D0 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2001-06-13 | Hoeganaes Ab | High density stainless steel products and method of preparation thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3620690A (en) * | 1968-07-10 | 1971-11-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Sintered austenitic-ferritic chromium-nickel steel alloy |
| SE372293B (en) * | 1972-05-02 | 1974-12-16 | Hoeganaes Ab | |
| DE2708916C2 (en) * | 1977-03-02 | 1985-07-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Use of a high-strength sintered iron alloy |
-
1981
- 1981-10-16 CA CA000388061A patent/CA1193891A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-22 JP JP16798381A patent/JPS5798659A/en active Granted
- 1981-10-23 BR BR8106856A patent/BR8106856A/en unknown
- 1981-10-23 DE DE8181305004T patent/DE3164598D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-23 EP EP19810305004 patent/EP0050969B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-23 ES ES506504A patent/ES8300872A1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-24 IN IN1187/CAL/81A patent/IN153975B/en unknown
- 1981-10-26 MX MX18980581A patent/MX156202A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3164598D1 (en) | 1984-08-09 |
| ES506504A0 (en) | 1982-11-01 |
| JPS5798659A (en) | 1982-06-18 |
| MX156202A (en) | 1988-07-25 |
| EP0050969B1 (en) | 1984-07-04 |
| JPS6123841B2 (en) | 1986-06-07 |
| EP0050969A1 (en) | 1982-05-05 |
| ES8300872A1 (en) | 1982-11-01 |
| BR8106856A (en) | 1982-07-06 |
| IN153975B (en) | 1984-09-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |