CA1191621A - Geophysical, nuclear analytical apparatus particularly for analyzing mineral materials - Google Patents
Geophysical, nuclear analytical apparatus particularly for analyzing mineral materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1191621A CA1191621A CA000405212A CA405212A CA1191621A CA 1191621 A CA1191621 A CA 1191621A CA 000405212 A CA000405212 A CA 000405212A CA 405212 A CA405212 A CA 405212A CA 1191621 A CA1191621 A CA 1191621A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- detector
- sample
- irradiating
- measuring station
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by activation analysis
- G01N23/222—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by activation analysis using neutron activation analysis [NAA]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/07—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission
- G01N2223/074—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission activation analysis
- G01N2223/0745—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission activation analysis neutron-gamma activation analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/616—Specific applications or type of materials earth materials
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
The invention relates to a geophysical, nuclear analytical apparatus for determining the A1, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe components of particularly mineral materials, advantageously of raw materials, intermediate and end products, mainly in the prospecting, exploitation and processing of raw materials. The aim of the invention is achieved by an apparatus comprising an activator unit (1) irradiating one part of one of the samples taken from the material to be analyzed with slow, while its other part with fast neutrons, and a pneumatic sample transporting unit(4) connecting said activator unit (1) with a sample feeder (2) and with a high energy measuring station (3), in which a low energy measuring station (7) comprising a low energy gamma radiation irradiating unit (5) and a detector unit (6), as well as a sample storage unit (8) being connected to them is arranged, for the other sample(s) taken from the material to be analyzed, where the detector outputs of the low energy measuring station (7) and of the high energy measuring station (3), the control inputs of the pneumatic sample transporting unit (4) and of the sample storage unit (8) are connected to a central control, data storage and evaluating unit (9).
The invention relates to a geophysical, nuclear analytical apparatus for determining the A1, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe components of particularly mineral materials, advantageously of raw materials, intermediate and end products, mainly in the prospecting, exploitation and processing of raw materials. The aim of the invention is achieved by an apparatus comprising an activator unit (1) irradiating one part of one of the samples taken from the material to be analyzed with slow, while its other part with fast neutrons, and a pneumatic sample transporting unit(4) connecting said activator unit (1) with a sample feeder (2) and with a high energy measuring station (3), in which a low energy measuring station (7) comprising a low energy gamma radiation irradiating unit (5) and a detector unit (6), as well as a sample storage unit (8) being connected to them is arranged, for the other sample(s) taken from the material to be analyzed, where the detector outputs of the low energy measuring station (7) and of the high energy measuring station (3), the control inputs of the pneumatic sample transporting unit (4) and of the sample storage unit (8) are connected to a central control, data storage and evaluating unit (9).
Description
GEOPHYSICAL, NUCLE~R ANALYTIC~L APPARA rUS PARTICULARLY FOR
AN~LYZIN~; MINERAE MATERI~LS
Tho invontion r~l~t~ to O goophy~cal" nucl~ar on~lyt~c~l ~pp~l`atl.19 ~or d~ tsr~lning ~he ~l" S~, CaO T1" Fe co~pononto of par~icularly mlrloral ~eor$al~s ~dv~n~eously of r~w ~atorl~l~ 0 intero~e-3~t~ and end produot~ ialy ln 5 th~ proapectln~, ~xplol~tlon ~nd proces~ing of r~w ~t~ri~
A 482 1087~NE
~, .
~ 2 ~
Several nsuclear ~nf~lytic~l ~pp~rata have baell known f~r detor~ln:Lng the different cD~pQr~ene~ ~f ~:lner~l ~ateri~ls" ~hat E~re di~clo3ed ln detell ln the Huna~ri~n P~ten~ Sp~3cif~cat~Lon No~, 154 359~, ~h:Lch i5 5 ~ho clo8e~8t ~ th~ colukion of th~ inven~ion~
The d~ficl~ncy of thc apper~u9 ~cc~rding ~G ~ald ln~enelon li~s in ~h~t lt af ford4 to de~er~:Ln~
~ero:Ly the ~1 ~nd Sl cont~nt ~ccordin~ to its pr~nc~pl~, ~nd c~nsequen~ly, pr~ctic~lly ~eo.
ûlar in~rerltlor~ 19 al~od at ~limin~tln~
s~id dsfici~ncy at ,orc~vidin~ ~ geophy~ical,i ~uclaar analy~lc~l induatrial appar~tus which allowa ~iolultaneous ~ca9urq~nt of s~v~r~l co~p~nerl~s, c~n be used o~ ~hlps"
in min~ n lnd~trial f;~ctories, and is ~uit~bl~ for controllin~ ~h~ prospecting, explo~ation ~nd proc~ssing, includ~ng proc~s~ control and regul~ti~n of ~1190 ~xploitatlen and prQoe~ing.
~he invsnt~on is b~sed on the co~blnat~on ~ff0ct of a er~plc porc~p~ion. N~oly, si~Dultan~usly with the ~1, Si ~casure~n~ c~rried out by th~ known neutron ~ctivated r~e~h~d on p~ir~ 3f 93mpl~90 111 21 cycllc sys~a~
tskoil ~amplc(~) from th~ material ~o be a~ zed 3 ~ they ~re irrsdi~3tod by peir~ ~ f r~di~tion Q~
- expedien~ly~a r~d~a~i0n ~ ~surcos, wh~se on~r~y sp~ctra ~re different ~he 3~i~tsd char~ct~r~s~ic X~r~di~tlon detected by pairs of detectors, further components, particularly Cat Ti, Fe can be determined, where - wi-thin the scope of this invention - a radiation ranging up to 200 keV energy is meant under the denomination "soft gamma radiation", and the energy spectra of the two radiation sources are considered to be different if tAey contain at leas-t one spectrum line of different dominant energy each.
The aim of the invention is achieved by a geophysical nuclear analytical apparatus, which comprises an activator unit irradiating one part of one of the samples taken from the material to be analyzed with slow, while its other part with fast neutrons, and a pneumatic sample transporting unit connecting said activator unit with a sample feeder and with a high energy measuring station, : as well as a low energy measuring station containing a low energy gamma radiation irradiating unit, a detector unit and a sample storage unit being connected to them, measuring the other samples(s) taken from the material to be analyzed, where the detector outputs of the low energy measuring station and of the high energy measuring station, the control inputs of the pneumatic sample transporting unit and of the sample storage unit are connected to a central control, data storage and evaluating unit.
For eliminating the errors resulting from the presence of not analyzed elements and from the reflected radiation, the apparatus is advantageously provided with at least two low energy mèasuring stations, irradi~tlng where ~ha energy ~pec~ru~ of th~ unll: ~f ~n~ of lthe lo~ en~rgy 1~8~11r~r19 8t~ .0n9 COE~lp3'~L9~39 o~ponenes of do~in~ntly low0r ~n~rgyO whll~ the en~rgy sp~ctru~
lrradiat in~
~f eh~ . unl~ of eh0 ottlor law en~rgy ~a~ur~
5 ~:t~tion co~pri~es ~l~o eo~pon~nte ~f high~r er~rgy then th~ ch~r~cterlstlc on~rgy of eh~ ~lom~nt lto be ~nalyzed and tho d~tcc~or unit co~pri~ t l~gt one ~eoher~i cal filtar arranged b~for~ the d~ltector.
For o~rr~cting g~o~etr~cal ~rr~re, th0 lO c~ner~line Gf the rad~ati4n sourc~ of th~ irr~diati~ u~it ~rranged 1n tbo low on~rgy ~e~surlng e~tion ~Df ehe app~r~
13 oxp~di~nltly ~he nor~al ~f the 8alllpl13 surfacs t~ b~ an~lyz~d~, whilo th~ c~n~ral llne of th~ . en~n~ d~roct~n of tha d~tector(~) of th~ d~t~c~or un~t 1~ the ge~r~tr~x of 15 c~ surf~c~, thu~ tho coF~tr~lln~3 ~f the cone surf~c~
colncld~s Wi~ll th~ cam~crelin0 of the rad~tlorl ~ollr~o.
For ~ in~t~n~ th~ orror r~sulting fro~ ~he dec~y of th~ r~d~ion source~ l3rrengfld ~n the ind~ r units of the low anergy moasurin~ station~ " the ti~e 20 el~p~c o f an~lyzing ~he other ~aolple~) 13 d~tor~ ed by s pr~ et d~ta ~ter~3e unit ~h~ lnplJ~ of which i~ conn~ct ~d eO the ba3~ dot~ctor ~f a dete~tor ~-nit.
F~r ~ultipurpoae u~39e, the contr~l contr~l, dat~ storage 3nd 0v~1uatln~ uri~ of tho ~pparatu~ acc~rdiny 25 to tho lnven~ion 1~ advantageou~ly ~ co~pl~tsr~
The ~i~ s~e is ~chi~ved by ~he app~r~gus ~ccordlng to ~h0 in~ntions witbin the cycl~ duration of ~nd ~i~ultanou~ly wls:h tho de~er0in~tlc~n of ~1~, Si ~y n~utron activ~tlan" the det~r~lnation of fur~ r ca~porl~nt ol~men~, exp~di~n~ly of Ca" Tl" Fe c~n be c~rried out f r~e of err0r~ callssd by ~hc rad~a~can of th~ not an~lyzed ~b aok ~ e at t ered ~leolon~s and by th~ tiori. Du~ ~co th~ c~bin~-tion, ~ n~ ~xp~cted }3dv~3nt~g~0u~ ~f ~a ct ~ ~h~t ~h~
ra3ult of eb0 ~e~sure~ent i~ f ree ~f both the g~m2trt c~l err~r of posltiQnil7g the ~ple ~d o1: the err~r cau~ed by the dacr~a~e i.n inten~lty due to the de~ay ef th~ appli0d low e~er,gy g~m~ rad~tion sQurces, t~lU8 a~ i~modiate re~
e.gO gl~8 percen~ ~s ob~a~rlod9 which carl dlrec~ly be ~ppli0d f~r controll~llg the proc~ of pro~pec~ny" ~pl~ tatisn 0nd proco~s~n~3 r~ectively. At ~che ~a~e tlm~, ~he app~3ratu3 ~n b~ prsducod in ~mall ~ize 6nd in sLIch a for~ tl!l~t lt9 op~r~tiorl 1~ no~ con~id0r~d ~ dang~rous lS w~ rk in g 0 ~he lnvent~on w~ll now be da~cribed, purely by YJay of exa~pl~; on a preferred e~bedi~erlt illt~s~r~ed in the ~cco~panying drawing~, wherein Figo 1 i~ a bl~ck dia~ram of the appar~tus ~ccording to thc invsntion, Fig~ h~ geome~rical layout of th~ low energy ~suring s$ationO
As ho~n in Fig. 19 11 ~3ample f0~der 2 ~nd a high ~ner~y ~a~surlng stati~n 3 ~re connected to an ~celv~or uni~c 1 through a ~ple ~ransporting un~t 4.
Th~ dot~ctol- o~tputs of the high 3nargy 8~1ple ~easurin unlt 3 ar~ conn~ct~d to ~surlng lnputs 12.1 of contrs~lled and/or regulated date storag~ unit 12 arranged in a central control, data storage and evaluating unit g. The control input of the sample transporting unit 4 is connected to one of the inputs of a sample displacing unit 10 arranged in the central control, data storage and evaluating unit 9.
The apparatus comprises detectors 14.a and 140b in detector units 6a and 6b., and two small energy measur-ing stations 7.a and 7.b. Irradiating units 5.a and 5.b., sample storage units 8~a and 8.b., and detector units 5.a and 5~b are arranged in the small energy measuring stations 7.a and 7.b, where the energy spectrum of the inducer unit 5.a consists of components of dominantly lower energy than that of the characteristic X-radiation of the analyzed material, while the inducer unit 5.b comprise also components of higher energy than that. The control inputs of sample storage units 8.a and 8.b are connected to the other output of the sample displacing unit 10. In the detector units 6a and 6b are arranged measuring detectors 14.a.1 and 140b.1 and base detectors 14.a.2 and 14.b.2 constituting the detectors 14.a and 14.b, wherein the measuring detectors are connected to measuring inputs 1?1 of the controlled and/or regulated data storage unit 12, while the outputs of the base detectors 14.a.2., 14.b.2 are connected to controller and/or regulator inputs 122 of the controlled and/or regulated data storage unit 12. The control, data storage and evaluating unit 9 - 6a -comprises a timer unit 13 and a mass percent evaluating unit 11 the input of which is connected to the output of the controlled z~
~nd/~r r~gul~t~d d~ tor~g~ unlt 12.
Detectors 14" sxp~dlently ~nd--wlndnw (GM~
tuba c~un~e3r~ ~re ~rranged in th~ d~ctor unit 6 of the low~orl~rgy ~e~suring statian 7 with a l~yout ahown ~n 5 Flg. 2 a~ ~n exa~pl~O Th~ centr;~l lin~s ~f the ~n~lng direction~ of the d~ec~ors 14 are g~nor~rice~ of ~
con0 eurf~aa~ tho vertelx o~ which i~ on the slJrfac~ of th3 s~ple, wh~l~ lts ce~ crel~no ~ ~ perpondicular to ~hs ~irradiati~, ~39~11pl~ surface. Th~ ~nit 5 and lS9 r~d~t~on ~ource 10 hs~lder 5,1 ~r0 ~ in th~ centrelin~ of ~ald con~" thus ehe o~ntr01~no of th~ r~dil3tlon ~o~lrc~ colnc:Ld~s wlth th~c of ~h~ con s~ple ~torag2 unl~ 8 fecing th detector un$t 6 i8 arrangsd lr~ ~uch a way th~t She sa~pl~
surf~ce ~o be ~nalyzed should be locat~d on th~ v~rt~x of 15 ~he eono ~IJrf~ca 3nd b~ perpondicular to it~ o~ntrelisla., ~ne of the sy~ trically arrangQd ~etector~ 14 1~ a m~asL~rlng deeec~sr 14.1., while the other is ~ ba~e de tnct or 1~. 2.
The ~pparatus i~ cyclic~lly opl3r~ted ~ Tbe 20 cycles are controlled by ~he ti~er UQit 13~ Follonlng the route ef ehe ~a~pla~ to be an41yzed, th~ ~peratlon wlll now b~ d~cr~ bed, a~ follnws: both part~ of one of tha two ~ple pair~ ~k~n f ro~ the mat~sriel to b~ analyz~d ~re tr~n~f3rred ~rom th~ ~ampl~ feedar 2 ~hrolJgh the sa~ple 25 tren~portlflg urllt 4 into ~he act~v~t:or 1, ~h~n ~ co~m~3nd ~lgn~l ie ~nt by the sa~ple di~pl~cl~g unis 10c Here one psr~ of the e~ple pais~ ~8 ~ctit.f~tQd by flllx of fe~c, whlls th~ o~her by tha ~ of ~lo~ nou~ron~, Then, ~ the next 8 _ ~troke of th~ ple d~placing uni~ lO th~ s3~ple p~r i8 tr~nsforr~d fr~r~ tho ac~iv~tor 1 through the sa~pl~
tr~n~por~ing unit 4 ln~ th~ h~gh ~n0rgy ra~a~urirg 5tal:io ;39 Si~ultans30u~1y, th~ g~e way a~ de~cribed ~bo~f0, ~
5 sa~ple palr of fl3rther two p~lrs of ~a~ples i~ er~n~ferr0d to ~he ~ctilvator ~nit 1 fro~ the sample feeàer 2" T~
c~nltroll~d and/~r r~gulat~d dae~a ~tor~ u3~ie 12 t~
oper~ted by pul3e~s re~ulting from r~d~a~ciorl em~teed by the ~he act~Ya~0d 8al~ple8 ~æy~rlg a~ the high ~nergy lO ~easuring st~tlorl 3 and det0ct~d by tha nuclear d~tect~r~
~f th~ h~gh energy ~easur~ny s~cation 3. M~a~urin~ ti~e also controlled by the ~i~el^ un~ 13.
A~ ~he end o~ the ~e~9~ g cycl0 th~
pair of ~ples i~ re~ovad f rom the high en~rgy ~ea~urir~g stat1on 3, ~nd th~3 cycle is repe3~t~3d with 8 fwrther p~:lr of saalplos as d~scrlb~d ~bov~., A~ ~he ~e t~e, when one of ~he t~o p~3~r~
of s~ples t~ken f ro~ ~he ~a~eri~l to be ~nalyzed arrive~
at ~be high energy ~ea~urlng s~atlon 3, the pioce3 of tha 20 othcr p~r stor~d in th~ dat~ ~or~g~ unit~ 8a. ~nd 8.b ~re ~erl~ to the losv en~3rgy m~asuris3g 8ta1:~011S 7~ ~nd 7~b for msasure~snt. Th~ re~ a~on of the ~sence of ~he inv~n~cion d~perld~ n~i~h~r on ~ ltaneous ~e~3~ure3erl~
of par~s of ~ ~lngla pair of ~mpl~s, nor on ~h~k of p~rts 25 of ~if fer~rlt pa1rs of s~mp1e~ it ~0re1y suppose~d for cle~s lino3~ ~n c~se of th~s ~bod~n~ .
In th~ lo~ ~nergy ~asurin~ 8t~1tiOn8 70a, 7~b one p~rt of the p~ir ~f samples i~ induoed by ,~ =
low e~ergy ~9~
radlation emitted by the irradiating unit 5.a, the spectrum of which contains more dominant, lower components than the characteristic radiation energy of the analyzed component, thus it does not, or merely to a small extent, induces the component to be analyzed. The other part of the pair of samples is induced by a low energy gamma radiation emitted by the irradiating unit 5.b the spectrum of which comprises also higher energy -expediently approximately the same energy, components then the characteristic radiation energy of the analyzed component. The radiation caused by inducing is detected at both low energy measur-ing stations 7.a and 7.b by the measuring detectors l~.a, 14.b out of the detectors 14.a, 14.b arranged in the detector units 6.a and 6.b. This radiation is emitted by atoms of the sample as a result of that the electrons dislodged from the electron shell K due to inducing are substituted by those from the shell L. The detected radiation is stored in form of pulses through the measuring inputs 121 in the controlled and/or regulated data storage unit 12. ~leasurement is initiated by the timer unit 13, its termination, however, is controlled, and respectively regulated, by pulses sensed by the base detectors 14.a.2, 14.b.2 arranged in the detector units 6.a, 6.b from the controlling and/or regulating input 122 of the controlled and/or regulated data storage unit 12.
When measurement is completed, the measured data stored in the controlled and/or regulated data storage unit 12 and obtained from the high and low energy measuring ~ 10 5ta~ion~ 3 ~nd 70 re~p~c~v~ly, ~re sen~ ~o ~h~ m~s~ perc~nt e~elua~or unit 11~, nh~re th~ de-~lred re~ults is compw~ed irl ~v~r~l ~top~ of ~s ~ thmetic~ acc~rding ~o known ma~h~at~c~l rslation~, 19 d~splayed and ~ventu~lly s~or~d~
~9 it wa~ showll 8 ~h~ ai~ s0t by ~he invention ~chieved by vary simpl~ ~an~ und in ~ sir~ple w~y ln this ex~plary ~mbodi~ent, without ~ny sp~ial cl~ s ~
r~rd~ lto oper~t1oll~, thus it c~n advantageou~ly ~ppli~d ~or th~ indu~t~i~l tfl~k~ sp~cifi~d abov0.
AN~LYZIN~; MINERAE MATERI~LS
Tho invontion r~l~t~ to O goophy~cal" nucl~ar on~lyt~c~l ~pp~l`atl.19 ~or d~ tsr~lning ~he ~l" S~, CaO T1" Fe co~pononto of par~icularly mlrloral ~eor$al~s ~dv~n~eously of r~w ~atorl~l~ 0 intero~e-3~t~ and end produot~ ialy ln 5 th~ proapectln~, ~xplol~tlon ~nd proces~ing of r~w ~t~ri~
A 482 1087~NE
~, .
~ 2 ~
Several nsuclear ~nf~lytic~l ~pp~rata have baell known f~r detor~ln:Lng the different cD~pQr~ene~ ~f ~:lner~l ~ateri~ls" ~hat E~re di~clo3ed ln detell ln the Huna~ri~n P~ten~ Sp~3cif~cat~Lon No~, 154 359~, ~h:Lch i5 5 ~ho clo8e~8t ~ th~ colukion of th~ inven~ion~
The d~ficl~ncy of thc apper~u9 ~cc~rding ~G ~ald ln~enelon li~s in ~h~t lt af ford4 to de~er~:Ln~
~ero:Ly the ~1 ~nd Sl cont~nt ~ccordin~ to its pr~nc~pl~, ~nd c~nsequen~ly, pr~ctic~lly ~eo.
ûlar in~rerltlor~ 19 al~od at ~limin~tln~
s~id dsfici~ncy at ,orc~vidin~ ~ geophy~ical,i ~uclaar analy~lc~l induatrial appar~tus which allowa ~iolultaneous ~ca9urq~nt of s~v~r~l co~p~nerl~s, c~n be used o~ ~hlps"
in min~ n lnd~trial f;~ctories, and is ~uit~bl~ for controllin~ ~h~ prospecting, explo~ation ~nd proc~ssing, includ~ng proc~s~ control and regul~ti~n of ~1190 ~xploitatlen and prQoe~ing.
~he invsnt~on is b~sed on the co~blnat~on ~ff0ct of a er~plc porc~p~ion. N~oly, si~Dultan~usly with the ~1, Si ~casure~n~ c~rried out by th~ known neutron ~ctivated r~e~h~d on p~ir~ 3f 93mpl~90 111 21 cycllc sys~a~
tskoil ~amplc(~) from th~ material ~o be a~ zed 3 ~ they ~re irrsdi~3tod by peir~ ~ f r~di~tion Q~
- expedien~ly~a r~d~a~i0n ~ ~surcos, wh~se on~r~y sp~ctra ~re different ~he 3~i~tsd char~ct~r~s~ic X~r~di~tlon detected by pairs of detectors, further components, particularly Cat Ti, Fe can be determined, where - wi-thin the scope of this invention - a radiation ranging up to 200 keV energy is meant under the denomination "soft gamma radiation", and the energy spectra of the two radiation sources are considered to be different if tAey contain at leas-t one spectrum line of different dominant energy each.
The aim of the invention is achieved by a geophysical nuclear analytical apparatus, which comprises an activator unit irradiating one part of one of the samples taken from the material to be analyzed with slow, while its other part with fast neutrons, and a pneumatic sample transporting unit connecting said activator unit with a sample feeder and with a high energy measuring station, : as well as a low energy measuring station containing a low energy gamma radiation irradiating unit, a detector unit and a sample storage unit being connected to them, measuring the other samples(s) taken from the material to be analyzed, where the detector outputs of the low energy measuring station and of the high energy measuring station, the control inputs of the pneumatic sample transporting unit and of the sample storage unit are connected to a central control, data storage and evaluating unit.
For eliminating the errors resulting from the presence of not analyzed elements and from the reflected radiation, the apparatus is advantageously provided with at least two low energy mèasuring stations, irradi~tlng where ~ha energy ~pec~ru~ of th~ unll: ~f ~n~ of lthe lo~ en~rgy 1~8~11r~r19 8t~ .0n9 COE~lp3'~L9~39 o~ponenes of do~in~ntly low0r ~n~rgyO whll~ the en~rgy sp~ctru~
lrradiat in~
~f eh~ . unl~ of eh0 ottlor law en~rgy ~a~ur~
5 ~:t~tion co~pri~es ~l~o eo~pon~nte ~f high~r er~rgy then th~ ch~r~cterlstlc on~rgy of eh~ ~lom~nt lto be ~nalyzed and tho d~tcc~or unit co~pri~ t l~gt one ~eoher~i cal filtar arranged b~for~ the d~ltector.
For o~rr~cting g~o~etr~cal ~rr~re, th0 lO c~ner~line Gf the rad~ati4n sourc~ of th~ irr~diati~ u~it ~rranged 1n tbo low on~rgy ~e~surlng e~tion ~Df ehe app~r~
13 oxp~di~nltly ~he nor~al ~f the 8alllpl13 surfacs t~ b~ an~lyz~d~, whilo th~ c~n~ral llne of th~ . en~n~ d~roct~n of tha d~tector(~) of th~ d~t~c~or un~t 1~ the ge~r~tr~x of 15 c~ surf~c~, thu~ tho coF~tr~lln~3 ~f the cone surf~c~
colncld~s Wi~ll th~ cam~crelin0 of the rad~tlorl ~ollr~o.
For ~ in~t~n~ th~ orror r~sulting fro~ ~he dec~y of th~ r~d~ion source~ l3rrengfld ~n the ind~ r units of the low anergy moasurin~ station~ " the ti~e 20 el~p~c o f an~lyzing ~he other ~aolple~) 13 d~tor~ ed by s pr~ et d~ta ~ter~3e unit ~h~ lnplJ~ of which i~ conn~ct ~d eO the ba3~ dot~ctor ~f a dete~tor ~-nit.
F~r ~ultipurpoae u~39e, the contr~l contr~l, dat~ storage 3nd 0v~1uatln~ uri~ of tho ~pparatu~ acc~rdiny 25 to tho lnven~ion 1~ advantageou~ly ~ co~pl~tsr~
The ~i~ s~e is ~chi~ved by ~he app~r~gus ~ccordlng to ~h0 in~ntions witbin the cycl~ duration of ~nd ~i~ultanou~ly wls:h tho de~er0in~tlc~n of ~1~, Si ~y n~utron activ~tlan" the det~r~lnation of fur~ r ca~porl~nt ol~men~, exp~di~n~ly of Ca" Tl" Fe c~n be c~rried out f r~e of err0r~ callssd by ~hc rad~a~can of th~ not an~lyzed ~b aok ~ e at t ered ~leolon~s and by th~ tiori. Du~ ~co th~ c~bin~-tion, ~ n~ ~xp~cted }3dv~3nt~g~0u~ ~f ~a ct ~ ~h~t ~h~
ra3ult of eb0 ~e~sure~ent i~ f ree ~f both the g~m2trt c~l err~r of posltiQnil7g the ~ple ~d o1: the err~r cau~ed by the dacr~a~e i.n inten~lty due to the de~ay ef th~ appli0d low e~er,gy g~m~ rad~tion sQurces, t~lU8 a~ i~modiate re~
e.gO gl~8 percen~ ~s ob~a~rlod9 which carl dlrec~ly be ~ppli0d f~r controll~llg the proc~ of pro~pec~ny" ~pl~ tatisn 0nd proco~s~n~3 r~ectively. At ~che ~a~e tlm~, ~he app~3ratu3 ~n b~ prsducod in ~mall ~ize 6nd in sLIch a for~ tl!l~t lt9 op~r~tiorl 1~ no~ con~id0r~d ~ dang~rous lS w~ rk in g 0 ~he lnvent~on w~ll now be da~cribed, purely by YJay of exa~pl~; on a preferred e~bedi~erlt illt~s~r~ed in the ~cco~panying drawing~, wherein Figo 1 i~ a bl~ck dia~ram of the appar~tus ~ccording to thc invsntion, Fig~ h~ geome~rical layout of th~ low energy ~suring s$ationO
As ho~n in Fig. 19 11 ~3ample f0~der 2 ~nd a high ~ner~y ~a~surlng stati~n 3 ~re connected to an ~celv~or uni~c 1 through a ~ple ~ransporting un~t 4.
Th~ dot~ctol- o~tputs of the high 3nargy 8~1ple ~easurin unlt 3 ar~ conn~ct~d to ~surlng lnputs 12.1 of contrs~lled and/or regulated date storag~ unit 12 arranged in a central control, data storage and evaluating unit g. The control input of the sample transporting unit 4 is connected to one of the inputs of a sample displacing unit 10 arranged in the central control, data storage and evaluating unit 9.
The apparatus comprises detectors 14.a and 140b in detector units 6a and 6b., and two small energy measur-ing stations 7.a and 7.b. Irradiating units 5.a and 5.b., sample storage units 8~a and 8.b., and detector units 5.a and 5~b are arranged in the small energy measuring stations 7.a and 7.b, where the energy spectrum of the inducer unit 5.a consists of components of dominantly lower energy than that of the characteristic X-radiation of the analyzed material, while the inducer unit 5.b comprise also components of higher energy than that. The control inputs of sample storage units 8.a and 8.b are connected to the other output of the sample displacing unit 10. In the detector units 6a and 6b are arranged measuring detectors 14.a.1 and 140b.1 and base detectors 14.a.2 and 14.b.2 constituting the detectors 14.a and 14.b, wherein the measuring detectors are connected to measuring inputs 1?1 of the controlled and/or regulated data storage unit 12, while the outputs of the base detectors 14.a.2., 14.b.2 are connected to controller and/or regulator inputs 122 of the controlled and/or regulated data storage unit 12. The control, data storage and evaluating unit 9 - 6a -comprises a timer unit 13 and a mass percent evaluating unit 11 the input of which is connected to the output of the controlled z~
~nd/~r r~gul~t~d d~ tor~g~ unlt 12.
Detectors 14" sxp~dlently ~nd--wlndnw (GM~
tuba c~un~e3r~ ~re ~rranged in th~ d~ctor unit 6 of the low~orl~rgy ~e~suring statian 7 with a l~yout ahown ~n 5 Flg. 2 a~ ~n exa~pl~O Th~ centr;~l lin~s ~f the ~n~lng direction~ of the d~ec~ors 14 are g~nor~rice~ of ~
con0 eurf~aa~ tho vertelx o~ which i~ on the slJrfac~ of th3 s~ple, wh~l~ lts ce~ crel~no ~ ~ perpondicular to ~hs ~irradiati~, ~39~11pl~ surface. Th~ ~nit 5 and lS9 r~d~t~on ~ource 10 hs~lder 5,1 ~r0 ~ in th~ centrelin~ of ~ald con~" thus ehe o~ntr01~no of th~ r~dil3tlon ~o~lrc~ colnc:Ld~s wlth th~c of ~h~ con s~ple ~torag2 unl~ 8 fecing th detector un$t 6 i8 arrangsd lr~ ~uch a way th~t She sa~pl~
surf~ce ~o be ~nalyzed should be locat~d on th~ v~rt~x of 15 ~he eono ~IJrf~ca 3nd b~ perpondicular to it~ o~ntrelisla., ~ne of the sy~ trically arrangQd ~etector~ 14 1~ a m~asL~rlng deeec~sr 14.1., while the other is ~ ba~e de tnct or 1~. 2.
The ~pparatus i~ cyclic~lly opl3r~ted ~ Tbe 20 cycles are controlled by ~he ti~er UQit 13~ Follonlng the route ef ehe ~a~pla~ to be an41yzed, th~ ~peratlon wlll now b~ d~cr~ bed, a~ follnws: both part~ of one of tha two ~ple pair~ ~k~n f ro~ the mat~sriel to b~ analyz~d ~re tr~n~f3rred ~rom th~ ~ampl~ feedar 2 ~hrolJgh the sa~ple 25 tren~portlflg urllt 4 into ~he act~v~t:or 1, ~h~n ~ co~m~3nd ~lgn~l ie ~nt by the sa~ple di~pl~cl~g unis 10c Here one psr~ of the e~ple pais~ ~8 ~ctit.f~tQd by flllx of fe~c, whlls th~ o~her by tha ~ of ~lo~ nou~ron~, Then, ~ the next 8 _ ~troke of th~ ple d~placing uni~ lO th~ s3~ple p~r i8 tr~nsforr~d fr~r~ tho ac~iv~tor 1 through the sa~pl~
tr~n~por~ing unit 4 ln~ th~ h~gh ~n0rgy ra~a~urirg 5tal:io ;39 Si~ultans30u~1y, th~ g~e way a~ de~cribed ~bo~f0, ~
5 sa~ple palr of fl3rther two p~lrs of ~a~ples i~ er~n~ferr0d to ~he ~ctilvator ~nit 1 fro~ the sample feeàer 2" T~
c~nltroll~d and/~r r~gulat~d dae~a ~tor~ u3~ie 12 t~
oper~ted by pul3e~s re~ulting from r~d~a~ciorl em~teed by the ~he act~Ya~0d 8al~ple8 ~æy~rlg a~ the high ~nergy lO ~easuring st~tlorl 3 and det0ct~d by tha nuclear d~tect~r~
~f th~ h~gh energy ~easur~ny s~cation 3. M~a~urin~ ti~e also controlled by the ~i~el^ un~ 13.
A~ ~he end o~ the ~e~9~ g cycl0 th~
pair of ~ples i~ re~ovad f rom the high en~rgy ~ea~urir~g stat1on 3, ~nd th~3 cycle is repe3~t~3d with 8 fwrther p~:lr of saalplos as d~scrlb~d ~bov~., A~ ~he ~e t~e, when one of ~he t~o p~3~r~
of s~ples t~ken f ro~ ~he ~a~eri~l to be ~nalyzed arrive~
at ~be high energy ~ea~urlng s~atlon 3, the pioce3 of tha 20 othcr p~r stor~d in th~ dat~ ~or~g~ unit~ 8a. ~nd 8.b ~re ~erl~ to the losv en~3rgy m~asuris3g 8ta1:~011S 7~ ~nd 7~b for msasure~snt. Th~ re~ a~on of the ~sence of ~he inv~n~cion d~perld~ n~i~h~r on ~ ltaneous ~e~3~ure3erl~
of par~s of ~ ~lngla pair of ~mpl~s, nor on ~h~k of p~rts 25 of ~if fer~rlt pa1rs of s~mp1e~ it ~0re1y suppose~d for cle~s lino3~ ~n c~se of th~s ~bod~n~ .
In th~ lo~ ~nergy ~asurin~ 8t~1tiOn8 70a, 7~b one p~rt of the p~ir ~f samples i~ induoed by ,~ =
low e~ergy ~9~
radlation emitted by the irradiating unit 5.a, the spectrum of which contains more dominant, lower components than the characteristic radiation energy of the analyzed component, thus it does not, or merely to a small extent, induces the component to be analyzed. The other part of the pair of samples is induced by a low energy gamma radiation emitted by the irradiating unit 5.b the spectrum of which comprises also higher energy -expediently approximately the same energy, components then the characteristic radiation energy of the analyzed component. The radiation caused by inducing is detected at both low energy measur-ing stations 7.a and 7.b by the measuring detectors l~.a, 14.b out of the detectors 14.a, 14.b arranged in the detector units 6.a and 6.b. This radiation is emitted by atoms of the sample as a result of that the electrons dislodged from the electron shell K due to inducing are substituted by those from the shell L. The detected radiation is stored in form of pulses through the measuring inputs 121 in the controlled and/or regulated data storage unit 12. ~leasurement is initiated by the timer unit 13, its termination, however, is controlled, and respectively regulated, by pulses sensed by the base detectors 14.a.2, 14.b.2 arranged in the detector units 6.a, 6.b from the controlling and/or regulating input 122 of the controlled and/or regulated data storage unit 12.
When measurement is completed, the measured data stored in the controlled and/or regulated data storage unit 12 and obtained from the high and low energy measuring ~ 10 5ta~ion~ 3 ~nd 70 re~p~c~v~ly, ~re sen~ ~o ~h~ m~s~ perc~nt e~elua~or unit 11~, nh~re th~ de-~lred re~ults is compw~ed irl ~v~r~l ~top~ of ~s ~ thmetic~ acc~rding ~o known ma~h~at~c~l rslation~, 19 d~splayed and ~ventu~lly s~or~d~
~9 it wa~ showll 8 ~h~ ai~ s0t by ~he invention ~chieved by vary simpl~ ~an~ und in ~ sir~ple w~y ln this ex~plary ~mbodi~ent, without ~ny sp~ial cl~ s ~
r~rd~ lto oper~t1oll~, thus it c~n advantageou~ly ~ppli~d ~or th~ indu~t~i~l tfl~k~ sp~cifi~d abov0.
Claims (8)
1. A geophysical, nuclear, analytical apparatus particularly for analyzing mineral materials comprising an activator unit irradiating one part of one of the samples taken from the material to be analyzed with slow neutrons and another part with fast neutrons, and a pneumatic sample transporting unit connecting said acti-vator unit with a sample feeder and with a high energy measuring station, in which a low energy measuring station comprising a low energy gamma radiation irradiating unit and a detector unit, as well as a sample storage unit being connected to them is arranged, for the other samples taken from the material to be analyzed, where the detector outputs of the low energy measuring station and of the high energy measuring station, the control inputs of the pneumatic sample transporting unit and of the sample storage unit are connected to a central control, data storage and evaluating unit.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which several low energy measuring stations are arranged, where at least one of them comprises an irradiating unit the energy of which being dominantly lower than the char-acteristic radiation energy of the element to be analyzed and at least a further one comprises an irradiating unit comprising also components of higher energy than the characteristic radiation energy of the element to be analyzed.
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the centreline of the radiation source of the irradiating unit are normals of the sample surface to be analyzed, while the central line of the sening directions of the detector arranged in the detector unit related to the individual irradiating units is a generatrix of a cone surface, and the axis of the cone surface coincides with the centreline of the radiation sources of the irradiating unit related to the detector unit.
4. An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which the detector unit comprises at least one mechanic filter arranged before the detector.
5. An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 in which a detector unit comprising a detector and a base detector and a low energy measuring station contain-ing an irradiating unit equipped with a radiation source are arranged.
6. An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which a controlled or regulated data storage unit the outputs of which to a mass percent evaluator unit, while its measuring inputs to the detector outputs of a high energy measuring station and of the low energy mea-suring station are connected, a timer unit and a sample displacing unit the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the pneumatic sample transporting unit and of the sample storage unit are arranged in its central control, data storage and evaluating unit.
7. An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 in which the detector unit comprises at least one base detector the output of which being connected to the control or regulator input of the controlled or regulated data storage arranged in the data storage unit.
8. An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in which its central control, data storage and evaluating unit is a computer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU1865/81 | 1981-06-25 | ||
| HU811865A HU181357B (en) | 1981-06-25 | 1981-06-25 | Geophysical nuclear analyzer, in particular to the analysis of mineral materials |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1191621A true CA1191621A (en) | 1985-08-06 |
Family
ID=10956578
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000405212A Expired CA1191621A (en) | 1981-06-25 | 1982-06-15 | Geophysical, nuclear analytical apparatus particularly for analyzing mineral materials |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0068441B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE27492T1 (en) |
| BG (1) | BG45557A3 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1191621A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3276447D1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU181357B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL136835B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO84155B (en) |
| YU (1) | YU45864B (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZA741707B (en) * | 1974-03-15 | 1975-07-30 | Chamber Of Mines Services Ltd | Determining heavy element concentration in ores |
| GB1507361A (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1978-04-12 | Csepel Muevek Femmueve | System for automatic examination of material characteristics |
| FI73527C (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1987-10-09 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Method and apparatus for simultaneously measuring the chemical concentrations of silicon and aluminum components in materials. |
-
1981
- 1981-06-25 HU HU811865A patent/HU181357B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-06-15 PL PL1982236923A patent/PL136835B1/en unknown
- 1982-06-15 CA CA000405212A patent/CA1191621A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-23 YU YU136482A patent/YU45864B/en unknown
- 1982-06-24 DE DE8282105547T patent/DE3276447D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-24 AT AT82105547T patent/ATE27492T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-24 EP EP82105547A patent/EP0068441B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-25 RO RO107990A patent/RO84155B/en unknown
- 1982-06-25 BG BG8257165A patent/BG45557A3/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL136835B1 (en) | 1986-03-31 |
| RO84155B (en) | 1984-07-30 |
| EP0068441B1 (en) | 1987-05-27 |
| DE3276447D1 (en) | 1987-07-02 |
| YU45864B (en) | 1992-09-07 |
| EP0068441A1 (en) | 1983-01-05 |
| BG45557A3 (en) | 1989-06-15 |
| HU181357B (en) | 1983-07-28 |
| PL236923A1 (en) | 1983-01-31 |
| ATE27492T1 (en) | 1987-06-15 |
| YU136482A (en) | 1985-04-30 |
| RO84155A (en) | 1984-05-23 |
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