CA1188526A - Pervious tunnel liner member - Google Patents
Pervious tunnel liner memberInfo
- Publication number
- CA1188526A CA1188526A CA000397856A CA397856A CA1188526A CA 1188526 A CA1188526 A CA 1188526A CA 000397856 A CA000397856 A CA 000397856A CA 397856 A CA397856 A CA 397856A CA 1188526 A CA1188526 A CA 1188526A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- liner
- lining
- passage
- members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims 12
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2s)-2-[(s)-(2-iodophenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1OCCNC1 BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000287680 Garcinia dulcis Species 0.000 description 1
- 101001090074 Homo sapiens Small nuclear protein PRAC1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100034766 Small nuclear protein PRAC1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention discloses a prefabricated liner plate for lining the interior of a subterranean tunnel as a primary lining. The liner plate is formed in such a manner that the outer arcuate face has a depression formed therein so that a filter placed in said depression permits water flow therethrough, but prevents the passage of surrounding soil particles therethrough. Suitable conduit means allows any water which may pass through the filter to be bled through the liner plate and led out of the tunnel.
This invention discloses a prefabricated liner plate for lining the interior of a subterranean tunnel as a primary lining. The liner plate is formed in such a manner that the outer arcuate face has a depression formed therein so that a filter placed in said depression permits water flow therethrough, but prevents the passage of surrounding soil particles therethrough. Suitable conduit means allows any water which may pass through the filter to be bled through the liner plate and led out of the tunnel.
Description
PERVIOUS ~UNN~ ~INER ME~ER
~b~
~ he construction of large underground -tunnels is usually accomplished by removal of material at the tunnel face by machine (or otherwise) and subsequently lining the exposed tunnel surface with prefabricated liner members as the tunnel progresses through -the ground Usually, -the tunnelling process will be assisted or in sorne instances made possible by the use of compressed alr in the tunnel during the construction 1() (~f the tlmnel) as is usual in a plen~n tunnelling proces3, 'rhe above process has been in ilse since la-te in the nineteenth century and has been used successfully to dr:ive tunnels through wide varieties of soil. If the soil through which the tunnel is being driven is imper-vious, the -tunnel driving process is quite s-traight-forward 9 and a minimum of air pressure will be required to allow the tunnel process to progress.
If7 however, the tunnel mus-t be driven -through ~0 areas where pockets or strata of pervious material are ~ . ~
- ~ -5~
present in the plenurn area, problems with the ingress ol sand and ~Yater lnto the plenum area act to impede the tunnelling process.
Pervious materials can cause problems for either of two reasons. In cases where the pervious material allows the air to ~low directly to the a-tmosphere the pressure in the tunnel contlnuously escapes because the air leaks out 7 hitherto the only remedy has been to increase the air supply to -the t~mel until the supply balances the leakage at the desired pressure. In cases where the pervious materials are totally enclosed by impervious rnaterials 7 the pervio-us ~orrna-tion can fill up with air so tha-t the air acts on the water wi~thin for .~ormation and al]ows i.t to flow into the t~nel, no good solution has been found for this second problern in shield driven tunnels. Tunnellers have had to rely on vari.ou~ methods of face breasting with planks9 straw~
and other materials to restrain the ~'low.
SUMMARY OI' TII~ NTION
~'his invention seeks to ameliorate and in sorne instances elimina-te the problern of ingress of water and sil-t i~rom the pervious st,rata during the driving of subterranean tunnels, and to control the air pressure and air consumption which have been charclc-teristic of these tunnel.s. Basically~ the invention accomplishes its encl by the use of a liner which is pervious to ~ater an~ air but irn-pervious to soil and san(.l. This is accornpllshed by providing a liner member for the tunnel 5~
which is provided with a recess in the face thereof, which is exposed t,o soil ~or -the passage of moisture therethrough. The recess will be provided with a foraminous substance in the form of a soil fil-ter -to allow the passagre o~ water and air therethrough, but of a small enough size to preven-t soil par-ticles from passing therethrough.
In order to allow easy passage from the filter medium to the opposite side of the liner member9 a plurality of channels are provided i.n the recess beneath the filter med1um which are connected to the -through passage~s) which allow the water to pa~s through the tunnel liner member, The through passage~ are connected to a suction line, tha-t is~ a system of conduits~ the interior of whlch is a-t atmospheric pre3sure. Thus, the water which. passes through each of the liner members of -the type described above will ac-tually be c~rried out of the tunnel by the plenurn air pressure. The e~fec-t of thi~ drainage will be to lower the pore pr.essures in -the 20 90il in contact, wi.th the specially fitted liners, Thi.s draina~e and lowered pressure will improve the behavior of the 90il by~
1. preventing pressuri2irlg of pervious stra-ta by tunnel air.
~b~
~ he construction of large underground -tunnels is usually accomplished by removal of material at the tunnel face by machine (or otherwise) and subsequently lining the exposed tunnel surface with prefabricated liner members as the tunnel progresses through -the ground Usually, -the tunnelling process will be assisted or in sorne instances made possible by the use of compressed alr in the tunnel during the construction 1() (~f the tlmnel) as is usual in a plen~n tunnelling proces3, 'rhe above process has been in ilse since la-te in the nineteenth century and has been used successfully to dr:ive tunnels through wide varieties of soil. If the soil through which the tunnel is being driven is imper-vious, the -tunnel driving process is quite s-traight-forward 9 and a minimum of air pressure will be required to allow the tunnel process to progress.
If7 however, the tunnel mus-t be driven -through ~0 areas where pockets or strata of pervious material are ~ . ~
- ~ -5~
present in the plenurn area, problems with the ingress ol sand and ~Yater lnto the plenum area act to impede the tunnelling process.
Pervious materials can cause problems for either of two reasons. In cases where the pervious material allows the air to ~low directly to the a-tmosphere the pressure in the tunnel contlnuously escapes because the air leaks out 7 hitherto the only remedy has been to increase the air supply to -the t~mel until the supply balances the leakage at the desired pressure. In cases where the pervious materials are totally enclosed by impervious rnaterials 7 the pervio-us ~orrna-tion can fill up with air so tha-t the air acts on the water wi~thin for .~ormation and al]ows i.t to flow into the t~nel, no good solution has been found for this second problern in shield driven tunnels. Tunnellers have had to rely on vari.ou~ methods of face breasting with planks9 straw~
and other materials to restrain the ~'low.
SUMMARY OI' TII~ NTION
~'his invention seeks to ameliorate and in sorne instances elimina-te the problern of ingress of water and sil-t i~rom the pervious st,rata during the driving of subterranean tunnels, and to control the air pressure and air consumption which have been charclc-teristic of these tunnel.s. Basically~ the invention accomplishes its encl by the use of a liner which is pervious to ~ater an~ air but irn-pervious to soil and san(.l. This is accornpllshed by providing a liner member for the tunnel 5~
which is provided with a recess in the face thereof, which is exposed t,o soil ~or -the passage of moisture therethrough. The recess will be provided with a foraminous substance in the form of a soil fil-ter -to allow the passagre o~ water and air therethrough, but of a small enough size to preven-t soil par-ticles from passing therethrough.
In order to allow easy passage from the filter medium to the opposite side of the liner member9 a plurality of channels are provided i.n the recess beneath the filter med1um which are connected to the -through passage~s) which allow the water to pa~s through the tunnel liner member, The through passage~ are connected to a suction line, tha-t is~ a system of conduits~ the interior of whlch is a-t atmospheric pre3sure. Thus, the water which. passes through each of the liner members of -the type described above will ac-tually be c~rried out of the tunnel by the plenurn air pressure. The e~fec-t of thi~ drainage will be to lower the pore pr.essures in -the 20 90il in contact, wi.th the specially fitted liners, Thi.s draina~e and lowered pressure will improve the behavior of the 90il by~
1. preventing pressuri2irlg of pervious stra-ta by tunnel air.
2, providing localized wa-ter table depression and hence lower air pressure requirements.
3. reducing the pore pre.ssure different:l.al across high working~ facer;.
o_o.~ r~ s 1. PRAC~ICAL ~UNNE~ DRIVING by P~ayo and RichardsonD 1941.
2. Canadian Paten-t Application No. 374,777 filed April 67 1981 entitled "Improvement in the Plenum Tunnelling Process" by Michael P. McNally.
BRIEF DESCRIP~ION OF TXE ~RAWIN~JS
______ Figure 1 is a perspective view of a liner plate whi.ch is the subject o~ this invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional view of the liner plate o~ ~igure 1.
Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention~
DESCRIPTION OF T~E PREFERRED E~ODIMEN~
Throughout this description reference wil`l be made to a tunnel liner plate. Although the word "plate"
will be used, it is understood that the plate may be a pre~abricated steel plate or a cast iron plate or a formed concrete block. ~11 the above have been success-fully used a~s primary tunnel lining members.
It will be seen when reference is made to the accompanying Figures 1 and 2 that a tunnel liner plate 10 i9 shown to which this invention is applied~ ~his is a metallic plate of` the usual arcuate shape to conform to the surface of the tunnel face. Suitable bolt holes are provided in the tunnel liner mem`ber for ready assemblage of the individual liner members into a complete tunnel lining.
5~
Arcuate plate 10 is provided with a recess 12 as shown in ~igure 2 so -that the central portion of -the surface facing the soil is somewhat recessed. In the plate shown9 the recess is of a rectangular shape and 5 in thi,s instance the recess covers a majority of the area exposed to the tunnel face.
A foramino~s filter 14 is of a nature which permits the flow of water therethrough7 but will no-t allow the passage of soil partlcles therethrough~ is placed ln the recess above a gril].work 16. Grillwork 16 is provided to ensure that any water wh.ich passes through filter 14 wlll be providecl with easy passage to the outlet conduit 1~. Ou-tlet 18 ls connected to the "rnop" or suction line in the tunnel plenum to allow any water passed through f`llter 14 -to escape, In practice 9 the uc~e of the liner p]ates of this .in~ention are used interchangably with standard liner plates of'-the usual imperv.i.ous nature. ~he plates of this ,inven-tion may be intersper3ed as required wi.th 2() conventlonal line-r plates or they may be used e:~clusively in the tunnel construction if the conditions warrant.
The plates Oï this invention may take a variety of forms as far as the filter por-tion of the liner is concerned, 'rhe exposed filter surface may be rnade to be of almos-t any size as long as -the structural strength of the liner plate is not lmpaired The filter medium may be of the treated cellulose fibers type which are wldely available in a variety of ~ore size9. ~rhc filter medium s~
is preferably glued to the liner p~.ate a-~ the periphery thereof' f'or ease of' handling and simplici-ty of installa-tion.
A grille ].6 o~ any suitable ma-terial, i.e. plastic or wireform metal which is of a nature to provide easy passage of water passing through the filter to the exit conduit 18, Alterna-tivelyg suitable passages may be pro-vided in the exterior surface of the liner pla-te by pro-vid.-Lng depressions in the liner surface for water flow from the peri.pheral area~ to the interior of the liner plate where the exit conduit is located. It may be found in some lnstances that more than one exit conduit rnay be provided.
In the alternate embodiment sho~.m in ~'igure ',~ 7 the liner plate 30 is provided with a recess 32 in which -the foraminous filter medium ,,4 is glued ancl the recessed portion of -the liner plate 34 is provided with a plurali-ty of through holes such as the one shown at 36.
~ shield 38 of a pla,st:ic or other suitable material :Ls ~?aledly fitted to the insLde surf'ace of l,he liner plate. Conclui.t 40 is again connected -to the mop or suction line.
Various alternati.-ve~ are possi'ble, however, applicant wishes to lim:it his protection only by -the scope of the f'ollowing claims.
o_o.~ r~ s 1. PRAC~ICAL ~UNNE~ DRIVING by P~ayo and RichardsonD 1941.
2. Canadian Paten-t Application No. 374,777 filed April 67 1981 entitled "Improvement in the Plenum Tunnelling Process" by Michael P. McNally.
BRIEF DESCRIP~ION OF TXE ~RAWIN~JS
______ Figure 1 is a perspective view of a liner plate whi.ch is the subject o~ this invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional view of the liner plate o~ ~igure 1.
Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention~
DESCRIPTION OF T~E PREFERRED E~ODIMEN~
Throughout this description reference wil`l be made to a tunnel liner plate. Although the word "plate"
will be used, it is understood that the plate may be a pre~abricated steel plate or a cast iron plate or a formed concrete block. ~11 the above have been success-fully used a~s primary tunnel lining members.
It will be seen when reference is made to the accompanying Figures 1 and 2 that a tunnel liner plate 10 i9 shown to which this invention is applied~ ~his is a metallic plate of` the usual arcuate shape to conform to the surface of the tunnel face. Suitable bolt holes are provided in the tunnel liner mem`ber for ready assemblage of the individual liner members into a complete tunnel lining.
5~
Arcuate plate 10 is provided with a recess 12 as shown in ~igure 2 so -that the central portion of -the surface facing the soil is somewhat recessed. In the plate shown9 the recess is of a rectangular shape and 5 in thi,s instance the recess covers a majority of the area exposed to the tunnel face.
A foramino~s filter 14 is of a nature which permits the flow of water therethrough7 but will no-t allow the passage of soil partlcles therethrough~ is placed ln the recess above a gril].work 16. Grillwork 16 is provided to ensure that any water wh.ich passes through filter 14 wlll be providecl with easy passage to the outlet conduit 1~. Ou-tlet 18 ls connected to the "rnop" or suction line in the tunnel plenum to allow any water passed through f`llter 14 -to escape, In practice 9 the uc~e of the liner p]ates of this .in~ention are used interchangably with standard liner plates of'-the usual imperv.i.ous nature. ~he plates of this ,inven-tion may be intersper3ed as required wi.th 2() conventlonal line-r plates or they may be used e:~clusively in the tunnel construction if the conditions warrant.
The plates Oï this invention may take a variety of forms as far as the filter por-tion of the liner is concerned, 'rhe exposed filter surface may be rnade to be of almos-t any size as long as -the structural strength of the liner plate is not lmpaired The filter medium may be of the treated cellulose fibers type which are wldely available in a variety of ~ore size9. ~rhc filter medium s~
is preferably glued to the liner p~.ate a-~ the periphery thereof' f'or ease of' handling and simplici-ty of installa-tion.
A grille ].6 o~ any suitable ma-terial, i.e. plastic or wireform metal which is of a nature to provide easy passage of water passing through the filter to the exit conduit 18, Alterna-tivelyg suitable passages may be pro-vided in the exterior surface of the liner pla-te by pro-vid.-Lng depressions in the liner surface for water flow from the peri.pheral area~ to the interior of the liner plate where the exit conduit is located. It may be found in some lnstances that more than one exit conduit rnay be provided.
In the alternate embodiment sho~.m in ~'igure ',~ 7 the liner plate 30 is provided with a recess 32 in which -the foraminous filter medium ,,4 is glued ancl the recessed portion of -the liner plate 34 is provided with a plurali-ty of through holes such as the one shown at 36.
~ shield 38 of a pla,st:ic or other suitable material :Ls ~?aledly fitted to the insLde surf'ace of l,he liner plate. Conclui.t 40 is again connected -to the mop or suction line.
Various alternati.-ve~ are possi'ble, however, applicant wishes to lim:it his protection only by -the scope of the f'ollowing claims.
Claims (15)
1. A tunnel liner member for use in the con-struction of a lining of a subterranean tunnel, said member having opposed exterior and interior surfaces, a recess formed in the exterior surface of said member, a suitable filter means located in said recess to allow the passage of a selected filtrate therethrough, said filter permitting the passage of water and air there-through, but preventing the passage of soil particles therethrough, conduit means passing through said member serving to communicate the recess in the exterior sur-face of said member with the interior surface of said member.
2. A tunnel liner member as claimed in claim 1 wherein said member is provided with collection means beneath said filter means, for assisting the flow of filtrate from said filter means to said conduit means.
3. A tunnel liner member as claimed in claim 1 wherein said conduit means comprises a pipe sealedly joined to said member such that any filtrate collected on the exterior surface of said liner member is free to pass into said pipe for passage through said liner member.
4. A tunnel liner plate of a type suitable for the establishment of a pressure differential between the interior and exterior surfaces of said liner plate, filter means recessed into a cavity in the exterior surface of said liner plate, conduit means passing through said plate serving to connect said cavity on said exterior surface to a source of pressure less than the pressure existing on the interior of said liner plate.
5. A tunnel liner member of a type suitable for the construction of a primary lining of a large sub-terranean tunnel, said member being readily connectable in a working relationship with previous liner members already installed in said tunnel, said member having a recess formed in the exterior surface of said member, suitable filter means being located in said recess to allow the passage of a selected filtrate therethrough, conduit means serving to connect the recess to the interior surface of said member, collection means sealedly mounted on the interior surface of said liner member for collection of any filtrate passing through said conduit means.
6. A liner member as claimed in claim 5 wherein said conduit means comprises many through holes passing through said liner plate, said through holes serving to connect said recess to said collection means.
7. A liner plate as claimed in claim 6 wherein said collection means is provided with a suitable outlet so as to be connected to a suitable pipe for the passage of filtrate therethrough.
8. A tunnel lining comprising a series of similarly shaped tunnel liner members each being of a similar geometric shape such that when assembled with one another they form a continuous tunnel lining, said members being curved to conform to the shape of the tunnel, said members having exposed exterior and interior surfaces, each member having an edge surface of substantial width extending inwardly substantially orthogonally from said exterior surface, and extending around the periphery thereof to facilitate the coupling of adjacent lining members, in the construction of said lining, at least a portion of said members having a recess formed in the exterior surface of said member, a suitable filter means located in said recess to allow the passage of selected filtrate therethrough, said filter means permitting the passage of water and air therethrough, but preventing the passage of soil particles therethrough, conduit means passing through said member serving to communicate the recess in the exterior surface of said member with the interior surface of said member.
9. A tunnel liner member as claimed in claim 8 wherein said member is provided with collection means beneath said filter means, for assisting the flow of filtrate from said filter means to said conduit means.
10. A tunnel liner member as claimed in claim 8 wherein said conduit means comprises a pipe sealedly joined to said member such that any filtrate collected on the exterior surface of said liner member is free to pass into said pipe for passage through said liner member.
11. A tunnel liner plate as claimed in claim 8 for the establishment of a pressure differential between the interior and exterior surfaces of said liner plate, filter means recessed into a cavity in the exterior surface of said liner plate, conduit means passing through said plate serving to connect said cavity on said exterior surface to a source of pressure less than the pressure existing on the interior of said liner plate.
12. A tunnel liner member of a predetermined geometric shape and having an edge surface of substantial width extending around the periphery of said member and being of such shape that when each member is assembled and joined to its similarly shaped adjacent member, the resultant construction forms a primary lining of a large subterranean tunnel, the edge surfaces of said member being suitable for abutment against and fastening to adjacent previously installed liner members by means of suitable fastening means, said member having a depression formed in the exterior surface of said member, suitable filter means being located in said depression to allow the passage of a selected filtrate therethrough, conduit means serving to connect the depression to the interior surface of said member for collection of any filtrate passing through said filter means.
13. A liner member as claimed in claim 12 wherein said conduit means comprises many through holes passing through said liner plate, said through holes serving to connect said depression to said collection means.
14. A liner plate as claimed in claim 13 wherein said collection means is provided with a suitable outlet so as to be connected to a suitable pipe for the passage of filtrate therethrough.
15. A method of constructing a large subterranean tunnel in locations where the tunnel must pass through regions where the ingress of water and silt would generally present a serious impediment to the construction of a tunnel in such regions, comprising:
a) the constant removal of a material from the tunnel face by suitable means to provide an excavated space, and b) maintaining the evacuated part of the tunnel a closed plenum, c) supplying compressed air to the plenum so that the air pressure in the plenum is substantially greater than atmospheric, and d) constructing a lining in the most recently excavated part of the excavation, said lining being con-structed by securing suitable lining members to similarly shaped lining members already installed in the previously excavated part of the tunnel, each lining member having an exterior surface which is an arcuate shape and having edges of substantial width extending substantially orthogonally to and around the periphery of each member to facilitate installation of lining members to previously installed lining members, at least some of the lining members having suitable filter means installed in a depression in the outer surface thereof, and e) conduit means passing through said some of the lining members serving to connect the depression to a source of air pressure existing at the depression is substantially less than the pressure existing in said plenum, so that any water passing through said filter will pass into said conduit.
a) the constant removal of a material from the tunnel face by suitable means to provide an excavated space, and b) maintaining the evacuated part of the tunnel a closed plenum, c) supplying compressed air to the plenum so that the air pressure in the plenum is substantially greater than atmospheric, and d) constructing a lining in the most recently excavated part of the excavation, said lining being con-structed by securing suitable lining members to similarly shaped lining members already installed in the previously excavated part of the tunnel, each lining member having an exterior surface which is an arcuate shape and having edges of substantial width extending substantially orthogonally to and around the periphery of each member to facilitate installation of lining members to previously installed lining members, at least some of the lining members having suitable filter means installed in a depression in the outer surface thereof, and e) conduit means passing through said some of the lining members serving to connect the depression to a source of air pressure existing at the depression is substantially less than the pressure existing in said plenum, so that any water passing through said filter will pass into said conduit.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000397856A CA1188526A (en) | 1982-03-08 | 1982-03-08 | Pervious tunnel liner member |
| EP83301222A EP0089772A1 (en) | 1982-03-08 | 1983-03-07 | Pervious tunnel liner member |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000397856A CA1188526A (en) | 1982-03-08 | 1982-03-08 | Pervious tunnel liner member |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1188526A true CA1188526A (en) | 1985-06-11 |
Family
ID=4122246
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000397856A Expired CA1188526A (en) | 1982-03-08 | 1982-03-08 | Pervious tunnel liner member |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0089772A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1188526A (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2207188C3 (en) * | 1972-02-16 | 1975-11-13 | Buderus'sche Eisenwerke, 6330 Wetzlar | Single-walled cast iron segment |
| CH554460A (en) * | 1972-07-25 | 1974-09-30 | Sarnen Kunststoff Ag | SEALING STRUCTURES, CONTAINERS OR TERRAIN AGAINST WATER AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR PRODUCTION. |
| CH565937A5 (en) * | 1973-05-17 | 1975-08-29 | Sarnen Kunststoff Ag | Tunnel wall insulation - using foam plastics-filled sheaths which are later emptied to provide drainage channels |
| DE2339315A1 (en) * | 1973-08-03 | 1975-02-13 | Buderus Eisenwerk | CAST-IRON TUEBBING |
| DE2343866B2 (en) * | 1973-08-31 | 1975-08-28 | Veit Dennert Kg, Baustoffbetriebe, 8602 Schluesselfeld | Drainage plate made of plastic |
| FR2479304A1 (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1981-10-02 | Realisa Travaux Publics Et | Prefabricated sectional shuttering panel - allows water to drain into vertical cavities and out through groove in base |
| US4309855A (en) * | 1980-05-02 | 1982-01-12 | Indian Head Inc. | Wall drainage system |
-
1982
- 1982-03-08 CA CA000397856A patent/CA1188526A/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-03-07 EP EP83301222A patent/EP0089772A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0089772A1 (en) | 1983-09-28 |
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