CA1179052A - Digital formatting system - Google Patents

Abstract

DIGITAL FORMATTING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

An improved method and apparatus for transforming digital information into a special format similar to that of a standard color video signal. The special format includes a multi-level baseband component corresponding to the luminance component of a standard video signal, and a phase and/or amplitude-modulated subcarrier corresponding to the chrominance component of a video signal. This format is highly efficient and takes better advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio channels, and the signal can be transmitted over standard video channels and conventional video circuitry can be used to process it.

Description

/
~ 7~5~

- DIGl:TAL FORMATTING SYSTEM

This invention r lates generally to systems for formatting digital information, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus for transforming digital info.mation into a format similar to that of a standard color video signal, for subsequent processing by conventional video circuitry~ -5ystems of this general type are ofparticular use in recording digital in~ormation on a record medium such as a video disc. In one system, discrete segments of an analog audio signal are digitized and compressed in time, and recorded as baseband signals on alternate tracks of a video disc. Corresponding frames of a conventional video signal are recorded as frequency-modulated carrier signals on the tracks interleaved wit,h ~lt~

the audio tracks. During playback of the disc, a selected audio track is scanned initially, to recover the recorded digital audio data, and the recovered data is entered into a memory. The track recording the corresponding video frame is then scanned in a repeated ashion, to produce a stop-motion display of the frame, while the stored audio data is extracted from the memory and converted back to an analog format, for simul-taneous playback at its original speed.

In the aforedescribed system, the audioinformation is recorded as a baseband digital signal, whereas the video signal is recorded as a frequency-modulated carrier. Although this signal formatting technique is effective in processing both video and audio information, it has not proven entirely satisfa~tory, primarily beca~se the frequency spectra of the respective video and audio signals are substantially differer.t and because the audio signal sometimes cannot be transmitted over a standard color video channel.

It thu~ will be apparent that a need has existed for a digital formatting technique in which digital information is converted into a format similar to that of a conventional color video signal. Also, it will be apparent that a need has existed for a digital formatting tech-nique that takes better advantage of a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio channel such as a recording medium, to record more information in a prescribed bandwidth. The present invention fulfills these needs.

7~052 The present invention is embodied in an apparatus and related method for formatting digital information into a special format similar to that of a conventional color video signal. In accordance with the invention, the digital infor-mation is first arranged into first and second multi-level signals, each signal havin~ a~ least ~wo signal states, after which a subcarrier is modulated in accordance with the second multi-level signal. The modulated subcarrier signal andthe first multi-level signal are then summed with conventional video synchronization signals, to produce a composite signal having a format similar to that of a conventional video signal. The composite signal can thereafter be transmitted over a standard color video channel, thereby reducing the complexity of systems such as video recorders that can process both digital and video information.

The subcarrier modulated by the second multi-level signal preferably has a frequency corresponding to that of the chrominance sub-carrier of a standard video signal (i.e., about 3.58 MHz in an NTSC system). Also, the bandwidths of the two multi-level signals are preferably substantially the same, with the first multi-level signal extending to about 1.7 MHz and the modu-lated subcarrier signal having a lower sideband extending to about 1.9 M~z. In another ~7~

embodiment, the bandwidths of the first multi-level signal and the modulated subcarrier are greater so that th~y overlap each other, but do so in an interleaved fashion so that they can there-after be separated from each other using a conven-tional comb filter.

In o n e e m b o d i m a n t, both multi-level signals have more than two signal states. Also, each si~nal is generated by a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter responsive to a plurality of binary input signals, and the conver-sion is performed in accordance with a Gray code.
The modulated subcarrier signal is modulated in either amplitude, phase angle, or both, and each modulation state corresponds to a different level in the second multi-level signal. The digital information repre~ented by the plurality of binary signals supplied to the two D/A converters is thereby transformed into a format that makes efficient usage of available bandwidth, and takes better advantage of a high signal-to-noise ratio channel, such as a video recording/playback system.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.

~7~0 . .
The accompanying drawings illustrate the inventian. ~ such drawings:

, FIG. 1 is a ~i~plified block diaqran o~
~pparatus in aocordance with the invention for S for~a~ting digi$al in~ormation in~o a special ~ignal having a video-like ~ormat, and ~or recor-ding the formatted in~orma~on on a video dise;

FIG. 2 is a state diagram o~ a modulated subcarrier signal included in ~he specially-format-ted digltal signal recorded by ~he ~pparatus o~PIG. l;

. FIG. 3 is a graph showi2lg ~he frequency 8p ctrum of the specially-ormatted digital signal recorded by the a~paràtus of FIG. l;

~IG. 4 is a simpl~ied ~lock diagram of ~pparatus for recovering t~e spec~ally-formatt2d digital signal from the vldeo disc o~ ~IG. 1, and ~or returning it to its original digital format;

FIG. S is a simpli~ied block diagram of a n o ~ h e r embodiment of appara~us for for-ma~ting digital information and recording it on a video disc; -:.

FIG. 6, ~#~mg with FIG. 2,`i~ a state diagram of a n~dulated subcarrier signal included in the specially-for~atted digital signal recorded by the apparatus of FIG. 5; and .

~17~

FIG. 7 is a simplified block diagram of apparatus for recovering the specially-formatted digital signal from the video disc o~ FIG, 5, and for returning it to its original digital format.

Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1, there is shown apparatus for formatting digital data into a special composite signal similar to that of a conventional color video signal, and for recording the com-posite signal on a video disc 11. ~he s~ecial ` composite signal includes a baseband signal component analogous to the luminance portion of a video signal, and a modulated subcarrier signal component analogous to the chrominance portion of a video signal. The ~requency of the subcarrier is preferably 3.58 MHz, the same as a standard NTSC chrominance subcarrier. The two signal components are interIeaved with conventional video synchroniæation signal, so the composite signal has the appearance of a standard color video signal and can be transmitted over standard color video channels. Also, the special composite signal utilizes the available video bandwidth with high efficiency, and thus takes advantage of the relatively high signal-to-noise ratio ordinarily available in video disc recording.

More particularly, the digital data is stored initially in a digital data source 13 such as a digital memory. It is appropriately ~7~

connected to output a succession of four-bit digital words on lines 15a through 15d at a rate of 1.8 MHz, except when it is disabled by conven-tional video synchronizing signals supplied on line 17~ The data is thereby output only during the time intervals ordinarily occupied by conventional luminance and chrominance components of a video signal.

The apparatus of ~IG. 1 further includes first and second digital-to-analog (D/A3 conver-ters 19 and 21, respectively, for converting thesequence of four-bit words output by the digital data source 13 into first and second four-level analog signals. The first two bits (i.e., bits A
lS and ~) in the successive four-bit words are coupled over llnes 15a and 15b to the first D/A
converter, and the second two bits (i.e., bits C
and D) are coupled over lines 15c and 15d to the second D/A converter. The two four-level signals - change states simultaneously, at a rate of 1.8 MHz. The second four-level signal is offset by a fixed offset level supplied to the second D/A
converter on line 23, whereby two of the four states are greater than zero and the other two ~5 states are less than zero. This facilitates a subsequent phase and amplitude modulation of the subcarrier signal.

The four distinct states of the first and the second four-level signals are shown in Tables I and II, respectively~ It will be ob-served that the four states in each signal are ;~7~3~5~

equally-spaced with respec~ to each other, so as to maximize the immunity of the system to noise.
It will also be observed that the states are assigned according to a conventional Gray code, so .
that noise~induced errors will ordinarily result in only one blt error being made.

TABLE I

Relative Amplitude of . Bit A Bie B First Four-Level Signal 1 1 6l 7 TABLE II

B B Relative Relative i i Amplitude Amplitude Phase t t of Second of Angle Four-Level Modulated of Sub-C D Signals Subcarrier carrier 0 0 70 70 ~o 1 1` -24 ~ 180 0 -70 70 _ 5~
g _ The apparatus of FIG. 1 further includes first and second 1.7 M~z low pass filters 25 and 27, respectively, for filtering the respective first and second four-level signals, an oscillator 29 for generating a 3.58 MHz subcarrier signal, and a multiplier or mixer 31 for modulating the subcarrier signal in accordance with the second four-level signal. More particularly, the first four-level signal is transmitted over line 33 from the first D/A converter 19 to the first low-pass filter, and the second four level signal is transmitted over line 35 from the second D/A
converter 21 to the seco~-ld low-pass filter. The bandwidths of the two signals are thereby i~mi~ed to about 1~7 MHz. The filtered second four-level signal is transmitted over line 37 to the mixer, which modulates, accordingly, the amplitude and phase angle of the subca~rier signal, supplied on line 39 from the oscillator.

The ~irst four-level signal is subse-quently amplified such that it ranges in amplitude between 15 and 85 I.R.E., and the subcarrier signal is subsequently amplified such that i~
ranges in amplitude between 24 and ? I.R.E., peak-to-pea~. This enables full utilization of the video channel, thereby maximizing the immunity of the system to noise.

The four distinct states of the modula-ted subcarrier signal produced by the mixer 31 are 3~ shown in Table II and in the state diagram o~
FIG. 2. It will be observed that the subcarrier ` 1~7~:)S~

.
can have a phase angle that is either 0 or 180 and an amplitude that is either relatively large or relatively small, depending on the particular states of the original data bits C and D.

The specially-formatted composite signal to be recorded on the video disc 11 is produced by a summing circuit 41, which sums : together the filtered four-level signal output by the first low-pass filter 25 on line 43, the modulated subcarrier si~nal output by the mixer 31 on line 45 and the video synchronizing signdls supplied on line 17. The ~requency spectrum of this composite signal is shown in FIG.3. The component extending between zero and 1.7 MHz is the first four-level signal, and the component extending between 1.9 and 5.3 MHz corresponds to the modulated subcarrier. It will be appreciated that this spectrum corresponds generally to that of a conventional color video signal, the baseband component corresponding to a luminance signal and the subcarrier component corresponding to a chrom-inance signal~

The composite signal produced by the summing circuit 41 is recorded on the video disc 11 in a conventional fashion using a frequency modulator 47, a laser 49, and an intensity modu-lator 51. The composite signal is first trans-mitted over line 53 from the summing circuit to the frequency modulator, which frequency modulates ., ' . . , .

~7~C~S~

a carrier, accordingly. The modulated carrier is transmitted over line 55 to the intensity modu-lator, which correspondingly modulates the inten-sity of a writing beam of light 57 pr~duced by the laser. The moduIated beam is then directed onto the disc, as the disc is rotated in a prescribed fashion, to record a succession of spaced pits representative of the frequency modulated signal.

FIG. 4 shows apparatus for recovering the specially-formatted composite signal recorded on the video disc 11 by the apparatus of FIGo 1~
and for converting the recovered signal back to its original format, i.e., a succession of four-bit digital words. The apparatus operates to scan the disc with a reading beam of light (not shown) to produce a reflected beam 59 that is modulated in intensity în acc~rdance with the recorded information. In a conventional fashion, the reflected beam is detected and amplified by a photodetector and preamplifier 61, and the amplified signal is coupled over line 63 to a frequency discriminator 65, which demodulates the frequency-modulated signal to yield the special composite signal.

The apparatus of FIG. 4 further includes a 5.3 MHz low-pass filter 67, a lq7 MHz low-pass .~9l7~5~

filter 69, and a l.9 MHz high-pass filter 71. The demodulated composite signal is coupled over line 73 Erom the discriminator 65 to the 5.3 MHz low-pass filter, which then provides a filtered composite signal for coupling over llne 75 to both the 1.7 MHz low-pass filter and the l.9 MHz high-pass filter. The 1.7 MHz low-pass filter separates the baseband component from the filtered composite signal, which corresponds to th,e first four-level signal produced by the first D/A
converter 19 in the apparatus of FI&. l. The l.9 MHz high-pass filter separates the modulated subcarrier component from the composite signal, which corresponds 50 the phase and amplitude modulated subcarrier output by the mixer 31 in the apparatus of FIG. 1.

A multiplier or mixer 77 and a conven-tional video processing ~ircuitry 79 are provided to demodulate the modulated subcarrier output by the l~9 MHz high-pass filter 71. In par~icular, the video processing circuit monitors the succes-sive chrominance bursts in the composite signal ' supplied on line 73 from the discriminator 65, and 'provides a 3.58 MHz referen~e signal having the same frequency as the modulated subcarrier and having a fixed phase angle. This reference signal, and the modulated subcarrier separated by the high-pass filter are transmitted over lines 81 and 83, respectively, to the mixer, which demodu-lates the subcarrier to a baseband signal.
This baseband signal corresponds to the secondfour-level signal originally produced by the // ~/
~7905 second ~/A converter 21 in the apparatus of FIG~
l. The mixer includes a low-pass filter (not shown) for eliminating a 2x frequency component produced in multiplying the modulated subcarrier by the reference signal.

The first four-level signal, extracted by the 1~7 MHz low-pass filter 69, and the second four-level signal, derived by the mixer 77, arP
coupled over lines 85 and 87 to first and second analog-to-digital (A/D) converters 89 and 91, respectively~ The two A/D converters in turn~
provide the original data bits A-D, r~. output on lines 93a through 93d, respectively~ The sequence of four-bit words originally output by the digital data source 13 in the apparatus of FIG~ l is thereby re-created.

The apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 4 have particular utility when used to record both digital data and con-ventional video signals. In one system, a baseband digitized audio signal and a carrier signa] frequency-modulated by a corresponding video signal are recorded on alternating tracks oE a video disc, for use in stop-motion playback of a succession of video rames, with accompanying audio~ The 9~

digitized audio signal and the frequency-modulated carrier have completely different formats and frequency spectra, so substantial separate cir-cuitry is required to process the two signals for recording and playback. If ~hat system were modified to utilize with the apparatus of the present invention, in which the digital informa-tion is placed in a special format similar to that of a conventional color video signal, substantial savings in circuitry could be realized.

A n o t h e r embodiment of apparatus -for formatting digital information into the special video-like format for recording on a video d`isc 11 is shown in FIG~ 5. Like the apparatus of FIG~ 1, it formats a succession of multi-bit digital words into a baseband component and a modulated subcarrier component, and sums the two components to produce a composite signal for recording. In the apparatus of FIG. 5, however, each word includes eight bits. The b~seband component has sixteen possible levels, and both the phase and the amplitude of the subcarrier component are modulated to one of four different values. This apparatus is particularly suitable for situations in which the signal is recorded with a higher signal-to-noise ratio, since there is a closer spacing, both in amplitude and phase, between the possible signal states of the com-posite signal recorded.

30More particularly, the apparatus of FIG.
5 includes a digital data source 95, such as a S~

digital memory, connected to output a succession of eight-bit digital words (bits A-H), except when disabled by conventional video synchronizing signals supplied on line 97. The successive eight-bit words are output at a rate of 3~6 MHz.
The apparatus of FIG. 5 further includes first, second and third D/A converters 99 and 101 and 103, respectively, bits A through D being coupled on lines lO5a through 105d to the first D/A
converter, bits E and F being coupled on lines 105e and 105f to the second D/A converter, and bits G and ~ being coupled on lines 105q and 105h to the ~hird D/~ converter. Each D/A converter functions in a conventional fashion to convert its respective digital input signals to a correspon-ding multi-level output signal. The output of the first D/A converter has sixteen possible levels, whereas the outputs of the second and third D/A
converters have four possible levels. The output signals produced by the three D/A converters 99, 101, and 103, are coupled over lines 107, 109, and lIl to first, second, and third low pass filters 113, 115, and 117, respectively, which limit the bandwidths of the respective signals to about 3 7 4 MHz.

The apparatus of FIG. 5 further includes an oscillator 119 for producing a 3~58 MHz sub-carrier signal, and a phase modulator 121 for modulating the phase angle of the subcarrier signal in accordance with the filtered four-level signal output by the third low-pass filter 117.
The subcarrier signal and the four-level signal ' ) r~

~ 16 -are coupled to the phase modulator on lines 123 ` and 125, respectively. The phase modulator is preferably connected to produce a phase-modulated carrier having four possible phase angles sepa-rated from each other by exactly 90 degrees, to maximize the noîse immunity of the system.

The phase-modulated subcarrier is transmitted on line 127 from the phase modulator 121 to an amplitude modulator 129, for amplitude-modulating the subcarrier in accordance with thefour-level signal supplied on line 131 rom the second low-pass filter 115. The amplitude modulator can conveniently take the form of a conventional variable-gain amplifier. The amplitude of the subcarrier is preferably modu-lated to four discrete levels that are equally-spaced with respect to each other. A state diagram of the modulated subcarrier produced by the amplitude modulator is shown in FIG. 6.

~ The specially-formatted composite signal to be recorded is produced by a summing circuit 133, which sums together the video synchronizing signals supplied on line 97, the filtered sixteen-level baseband signal supplied on line 135 ~5 from the first low-pass filter 113, and the phase and amplitude modulated subcarrier supplied on line 137 from the amplitude modulator 129. Since the successive eight-bit words formatted by the apparatus of FIG. 5 are processed at a rate of 3.6 MHz, the spectra of the baseband signal and the modulated subcarrier signal overlap each other.

~7~)5~

Because of the nature of the video signal ~ormat, however, the respe~tive spectra include discrete components that are interleaved with each other and the two signals can be subsequently separated~

The composite signal produced by the summing circuit 133 is recorded on the disc 11 in a conventional fashion using a frequency-modulator 139, a laser 141 for generating a writing beam of light 143, and an intensity modulator 145.

FIG~ 7 depicts apparatus for recovering the specially-formated composite signal recoLded by the apparatus of FIG~ 5, and for returning the signal to its original format, i.e., a sequence of eight-bit digital words. More particularly, the apparatus includes a photodetector and preampli-fier 147 and a frequency discriminator 149, forrecovering the recorded signal and demodulating it to produce a signal corresponding~to the composite produced by the summing circuit 133 of FIG~ 5.

The apparatus further includes a low-pass filter 151, for passing just the bandwi`dth of the demodulated composite signal, a conventional comb filter 153 for extracting the phase/amplitude-modulated subcarrier signal from the composite signal, and a subtracter circuit 155 for subtrac-~ing the extracted subcarrier signal from thecomposite signal to yield the 16-level baseband signal~ In particular, the demodulated composite signal is transmitted on line 157 from the dis-criminator 149 to the low-pass filter, and in turn s;~
. - 18 -on line 159 to both the comb filter and ~he : positive input terminal of the subtracter circuit~
The extracted subcarrier signal is transmitted on : line 161 from the comb filter to the negative input terminal of the subtracter circuit~
.
: The comb filter 153, as contrasted with a mere high-pass filter, is required in order to extract the subcarrier signal because their respective frequency spectra of the baseband and subcarrier signal overlap each other. The fre-quency components of the modulated subcarrier are interleaved with those of the baseband component, however, and thus can be separated using the comb filter~

lS The apparatus of FIG~ 7 further includes an amplitude demodulator 163, a video processing circuit 165 and an associated phase demodulator 167. The amplitude demodulator detects the amplitude of the modulated subcarrier supplied on line 161 from the comb filter 153, to re-create the four-level signal originally produced by the second D/A converter 101 in the apparatus of FIGv 5. The video processing circuit monitors the successive chrominance bursts in the demodulated composite signal output on line 157 by the fre-quency discriminator 149, and produces a 3.58MHz reference signal having the same frequency as the modulated subcarrier and having a fixed phase angle~ This reference signal and the modulated subcarrier are transmitted over lines 169 and 161 to the phase demodulator, which detects the ~75~5~

; phase anyle of the subcarrier and re-creates the four level signal originally produced by the third D/A converter 103 in the apparatus of FIG. 5~
.
First, second, and third analog-to--digital (A/D) converters 171, 173, and 175, respectively, are provided to convert the three reconstructed multi-level signals to their origi-nal parallel digital format. The 16-level signal is transmitted on line 177 from the subtracter circuit 155 to the first A/D converter, ~o r~-create the data bits A-D, for output on lines 179a through 179d, respectiveIy. Similarly! the two four-level signals are transmitted on lines 181 and 183 from the amplitude demodulator 163 and the phase demodulator 167, respectively, to the respective second and third A/D converters, to re-create the data bits E-H, for output on lines 179e through 179h, reFpectively.

~ If the bandwidth of the composite signal recorded by the apparatus o FIG. 5 i~
limited to that o~ a standard color video signal, portions of the upper~sideband of its modulated subcarrier component will be eliminated. In such case, apparatus for recovering the recorded composite signal must include vestigial sideband detection circuitry, as is conventional. Some loss in signal-to-noise ratio will o~ course result from such bandlimiting, but the bandlimited composite signal then could be transmitted over standard video channels.

' .

~' /) From the foregoing description, it will be appreciated that the present invention provides an improved technique for converting di~ital data into a special format similar to that of a stan-dard color video signal. The special format includes a multi-level baseband component corres-ponding to the luminance component of a conven-tional video signal, and a phase and/or amplitude-modulated subcarrier corresponding to the chromi-nance component of a video signal. This format is highly efficient and takes better advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio channels. Also, since the signal format is simila; ln ~any respects to that of a conventional color video signal, the special signal can be transmitted over standard video channels and conventional video circuitry can be used to process it.

Although the invention has been de-scribed in detail with reference to s e u e r a 1 e m b o d i m e n t s, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications can be made, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention~ Accord-ingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited, except as by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

-21-

1. Apparatus for demodulating a composite signal carrying digital information and having a special format similar to that of a color video signal, the composite signal including a first multi-level signal, a subcarrier modulated in accordance with a second multi-level signal, and video synchronization signals, the apparatus comprising:
means for extracting the first multi-level signal from the composite signal;
means for converting the first multi-level signal into a corresponding first digital signal;
means for extracting the modulated subcarrier from the composite signal;
means for demodulating the extracted subcarrier to yield the second multi-level signal; and means for converting the second multi-level signal into a corresponding second digital signal;
wherein the first and second digital signals represent the digital information carried by the composite signal.

2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein:
the means for extracting the first multi-level signal is a low-pass filter; and the means for extracting the modulated subcarrier is a high-pass filter.

3. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the means for converting the first multi-level signal and the means for converting the second multi-level signal are both analog-to-digital converters.

4. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein:
the amplitude of the modulated subcarrier signal is modulated in accordance with the second multi-level signal; and the means for demodulating includes means for detecting the amplitude of the modulated subcarrier.

5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein:
the phase angle of the subcarrier signal in the composite signal is modulated in accordance with a third multi-level signal;

the means for demodulating further includes means for demodulating the phase of the modulated subcarrier signal, to yield the third multi-level signal; and the apparatus further includes means for converting the third multi-level signal into a corresponding third digital signal, representative of a portion of the digital information carried by the composite signal.