CA1177306A - Kitchen ventilation system - Google Patents
Kitchen ventilation systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1177306A CA1177306A CA000405744A CA405744A CA1177306A CA 1177306 A CA1177306 A CA 1177306A CA 000405744 A CA000405744 A CA 000405744A CA 405744 A CA405744 A CA 405744A CA 1177306 A CA1177306 A CA 1177306A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- chamber
- hood
- air
- hood device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C15/00—Details
- F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A ventilation system for a cooking area includes a hood having top, front and rear walls and adapted for mounting above the cooking area. A front chamber located in the hood adjacent the front wall has an upper section and a lower section. A rear chamber in the hood is located adjacent the rear wall and is adapted to remove smoke-laden air. Both the front and rear chambers extend horizontally from one side of the hood to the other side. A central region located between the front and rear chambers has an open bottom end and a top end closed by the top wall.
Filter means are provided across the bottom of the rear chamber in order to clean the exhaust air. One or more registers are located in an inner wall dividing the upper section of the front chamber from the central region. One or more further registers are located in an inner wall dividing the lower section of the front chamber from the central region. These further registers permit make-up air to flow downwardly and inwardly from the front chamber into an open space between the hood and the cooking area. All of these registers have louvers or blades for adjusting the airflow therethrough. A sloping baffle is located along the bottom edge of the front wall of the rear chamber. Two elongate, opposed blade dampers extend from one side of the front chamber to the other. These dampers are positioned between the upper and lower sections.
A ventilation system for a cooking area includes a hood having top, front and rear walls and adapted for mounting above the cooking area. A front chamber located in the hood adjacent the front wall has an upper section and a lower section. A rear chamber in the hood is located adjacent the rear wall and is adapted to remove smoke-laden air. Both the front and rear chambers extend horizontally from one side of the hood to the other side. A central region located between the front and rear chambers has an open bottom end and a top end closed by the top wall.
Filter means are provided across the bottom of the rear chamber in order to clean the exhaust air. One or more registers are located in an inner wall dividing the upper section of the front chamber from the central region. One or more further registers are located in an inner wall dividing the lower section of the front chamber from the central region. These further registers permit make-up air to flow downwardly and inwardly from the front chamber into an open space between the hood and the cooking area. All of these registers have louvers or blades for adjusting the airflow therethrough. A sloping baffle is located along the bottom edge of the front wall of the rear chamber. Two elongate, opposed blade dampers extend from one side of the front chamber to the other. These dampers are positioned between the upper and lower sections.
Description
~ ~77306 This invention relates to kitchen ventilation systems and in particular to such a system capable of providing fresh untreated make-up air from an outside source.
Ventilation systems for removing smoke and grease-laden air from a cooking area are well known in the art. The simple, well known kitchen exhaust systems are - provided with a filter or a grease extractor located above the cooking area and a fan for drawing air from the cooXing area and through the ilter. The air which is drawn through the filter is exhausted to the outside through a ventilation duct.
Kitchen ventilation systems that provide make-up air to replace the air removed by the exhaust fan are also well known. If the exhausted air is replaced with untreated air from the outside, this can eliminate heating costs in the winter time.
Canadian Patent No. 1,093,374 issued January 13, 1981 to D.E. Overton, Jr. discloses a hood-type ventilation ~ystem that provides make-up air through a front chamber.
The hood is spaced above the cooking surface to define an open space therebetween. The hood has a top wall, a rear wall, sidewalls, and a forward wall while the bottom of the hood is open. The inner wall of the front chamber through which the make-up air is provided is perforated. The front chamber is divided into upper and lower portions by a series of opposed blade dampers. These blade dampers extend from the front wall of the hood to the perforated inner wall.
A deficiency in the known ventilation system taught by Canadian Patent No. 1,093,374 is that it is not possible to direct the airflow that is entering the central region of the hood through the perforated panels. It will be appreciated that the layout of the cooking appliances below the ventilation hood will differ and will depend upon the particular installation. Some cooking appliances require more make-up air and ventilation than others. Also the airflow in the room where the ventilation system is to be installed will also vary from one location to another.
For example the operation of an air conditioner in a room will change the airflow pattern considerably as compared to the condition that exists without the air conditioner.
Similarly if the heating system is in operation, this could cause a significant difference in the airflow pattern. In the known ventilation system taught by the aforementioned patent specification, it is only possible to vary the relative amounts of air flowing through the upper and lower perforated panel. The direction of the air coming through the small holes cannot be changed in any way.
Another difficulty wi'~ the ventilation apparatus taught by Canadian Patent No. 1,093,374 is that the make-up air flowing through the upper perforated panel tends to flow downwardly and directly to the grease filters.
Because of this fact, the make-up air i6 not constantly filling and sweeping the upper portion of the central ! ~ 7730 6 region. This in turn can cause grease deposits on the interior walls of the hood. The buildup of grease in such areas is unsightly and can be a fire hazard.
Another difficulty with the Xnown hood is that the opposed blade dampers in the front chamber cannot be adjusted from the exterior of the hood. It is necessary to remove the inner perforated panels in order to gain access to the blade dampers and to adjust the same.
Further the known ventilation system uses a large number of opposed blade dampers, the precise number depending upon the length of the hood. Such dampers require a significant amount of regular maintenance if they are to work properly.
According to one aspect of the i~vention a ventilation apparatus for a cooking area includes a hood device having top, front and rear walls and adapted for mounting above the cooking area. A front chamber in the hood device located adjacent the front wall, has an upper section and a lower section. A rear chamber in the hood device i~ located adjacent the rear wall. Both front and rèar chambers extend horizontally from one side of the hood device to the other side. A central region is located between the fr^~t and rear chambers and has an open bottom end and a top end closed by the top wall. Attachment means are provided for mounting filter means capable of cleaning exhaust air passing through the rear chamber. At least one air outlet i8 provided in an exterior wall of the rear chamber for the withdrawal of exhaust air. At least one ~ ~ 77306 air inlet means is provided in an exterior wall of the front chamber for the introduction of make-up air into this chamber. A blade damper has two elongate, opposed blades extending parallel the front wall and from one side of the hood device to the other. The blades are pivotably mounted in the front chamber between the upper and lower sections.
First register means are located in an inner wall dividing the upper section of the front chamber from the central region. Second register means are located in an inner wall dividing the lower section of the front chamber from the central re~ion. In operation of the apparatus make-up air flows downwardly and inwardly from the second register meanc into an open space between the hood device and the cooking area. Both the first and second register means have mean~ for adjusting the airflow therethrough.
~t,B .
I ~ 77306 According to another embodiment of the invention, a ventilation apparatus for a cooking area comprises a hood device having a top wall! sidewalls and a substantially open bottom and adapted for mounting above said cooking area; a front chamber in said hood device located adjacent a front sidewall of said device, said chamber having an upper section and a lower section and being adapted to provide make-up air; a rear chamber in said hood device located adjacent said rear wall and adapted to remove smoke-laden air from said cooking area; a central region located between the front and rear chambers, having an open bottom end, and having a top end closed by said top wall;
blade damper means having two elongate, opposed blades extending parallel to said front sidewall and from one side of said hood device to the opposite side, said opposed blades being pivotally mounted in said front chamber between said upper and lower sections; upper and lower passage means to permit airflow from said upper section and said lower section respectively into said central region;
and wherein said damper means provide means or controlling the relative amount of airflow flowing out of said upper and lower passage means.
In the preferred embodiment there is a control handle to open or close the opposed blade damper in the front chamber. This control handle is located on the exterior of the hood device.
The preferred first and second register means each have means for adjusting the airflow direction towards ! ~773~
or away from either side of the hood and means for adjusting the airflow upwardly or downwardly. In addition these registers are provided with opposed blade dampers so that the volume of airflow through each individual register can be controlled.
The sloping baffle at the bottom of the front wall of the rear chamber preferably has a width of 4 inches and 610pes at a 45~ angle to the horizontal. The preferred baffle i8 located along the upper edge of the filters or grease extractor~ located at the bottom of the rear chamber. These extractors are mounted at a 45 angle to the horizontal and extend upwardly and inwardly from the rear wall of the hood.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be de~cribed, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation along the line I-I of Figure 4 Figure 2 is a sectional elevation similar to Figure 1 of a second embodiment of the hood device but showing only the left hand side which comprises the chamber for delivery of make-up air;
Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a system employing a ventilation apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention;
Figure 4 is a plan view of the hood shown in Figure l;
I ~ 77306 Figure 5 is a front view of one of the registers used in the hood of Figure l;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of Figure 5;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of Figure 5;
Figure 8 is a detail view showing a rod and arm connection for operating the long opposed blade dampers used in the front chamber of the hood; and Figure 9 is a detail view showing the front portion of the side o the hood of Figure 1 and a handle for operating the long blade dampers.
A ventilation apparatus 10 for a cooking area is shown in Figures 1 and 3 of the drawings. The ventilation apparatus comprises a hood device having a top wall 24, a front wall 21, and a rear wall 20. There are also two sidewalls 26 and 28. The hood device is adapted for mounting above a cooking area 30 as ~hown in Figure 3.
Hangers 11 attached to the top wall 24 of the hood provide means for mounting the hood on the ceiling above the cooking area.
The hood is divided into three chambers or regions as clearly shown in Figure 1. There is a front chamber 32 ~also called the maXe-up air chamber) located adjacent the front wall 21 of the hood. This front chamber is in turn divided into an upper section 34 and a lower section 36. The hood also has a rear chamber or exhaust chamber 38 located adjacent the rear wall 20. It will be - l9 ~ ~
! .! 77306 appreciated that both the front and rear chambers 32 and 38 extend horizontally from one sidewall 26 of the hood to the other sidewall 28. The third region of the hood is a central region 40 located between the front and rear chambers and having an open bottom end 42 and a top end 44 closed by the top wall 24.
The construction of the front chamber 32 will now be explained in greater detail with reference to Figures 1 and 3. It should be appreciated that the front chamber 32 acts as a plenum for the delivery of fresh air or make-up air to the central region 40 of the hood. The front - chamber is connected through two openings 46 located in the top wall 24 to a duct 48 which leads to an intake fan and filter assembly 50. The assembly 50 is disposed outside of the room 52 shown in Figure 3. This assembly collects and moves fresh air from outside the room through the duct 48 and into the front chamber 32.
The walls forming the front chamber include the front wall 21, a relatively short, horizontal bottom wall 54, a sloping inner wall 15, and a vertical inner wall 14.
These walls can be constructed with 18 ga~ge stainless steel or galvanized steel. The ends of the front chamber are closed in by means of the sidewalls 26 and 28 of the hood. The front wall 21 and the bottom wall 54 are insulated because of the temperature difference between the fresh make-up air and the air in the room 52. The insulation can comprise foil faced flexible insulation that is 1 inch thick. It will be appreciated that the make-up air may be ~uite cold during the operation of the hood in the winter time. A collar 19 is preferably mounted around the periphery of each opening 46 to provide a suitable connection for the duct or ducts 48. These collars are preferably welded in place t~ provide an airtight connection.
The rear chamber 38 forms an exhaust plenum to remove the air from the hood to the atmosphere outside the room. The rear chamber 38 is connected through two openings 56 to a duct or ducts 58 leading to an exhaust fan at 60. I the hood is shorter than that shown in Figure 4, one opening 56 may suffice. The exhaust fan 60 is preferably disposed outside of the room 52 as shown in Figure 3. Collars 16 are provided around the two openings 56 to provide means for connecting the duct or ducts S8.
The rear chamber 38 is defined by the rear wall 20 of the hood, an inner vertical wall 22, the top wall 24 and Silter means 62 across the bottom of the chamber. The ends or sidewalls of the rear chamber are provided by the walls 26 and 28 of the hood. The filter means 62 preferably comprise well known aluminium grease extractors that can be removed from the supports 18 for cleaning. The filter means are arranged at a 45 angle to the horizontal.
The supports 18 comprise upper and lower brackets that extend from one side of the hood to the other. Disposed below the bottom edge of the grease extractors is a grease trough 64 for catching any extra grease that drips off the extractors. Any accumulation of liquid grease in the ~ ! 77306 trough 64 flows down the trough to a grease pan (not shown) at one end of the hood.
One or more electric lights can be provided in the hood to provide lighting for the cooking area. These lights 66 should be approved vapour proof fixtures suitable for an installation of this type. In the relatively long hood shown in the drawings two of these lights 66 have been provided.
Register means are provided for the flow of make-up air from the front chamber 32 into the central region 40 and into an open space 68 between the hood device and the cooking area 30. In the illustrated hood there are two separate sets of register means to provide the necessary airflow. The first or upper register means 70 are located in the inner wall 14 that divides the upper section 34 of the front chamber from the central region.
The second or lower register means 72 are located in the sloping inner wall 15 that divides the lower section 36 of the front chamber from the central region. The second register means 72 permits make-up air to flow downwardly and inwardly from the lower section into the open space 68.
As will be explained hereinafter, both the first and second register means 70 and 72 have separate means for adjusting the airflow therethrough. As can be seen from Figure 4, in a large hood such as that shown in this figure, there can be four separate registers forming the register means 70.
Similarly there can be four separate registers forming the register means 72. The individual registers are evenly ` I ! 773~ 6 distributed along the length of the hood. In one particular embodiment of the ventilation apparatus of this invention, these registers each measure 6 inches wide by 30 inches long and have a depth of almost 4 inches. ~Suitable registers that can be used in the hood device of this invention are those sold under the trade mark TITUS and in particular model S-277. Such a register is illustrated in Figures 5 to 7 of the drawings. The register has two sets of airfoil louvers mounted in front of an opposed blade damper. The front set of louvers 76 in the illustrated embodiment are parallel to the short dimension and are , individually adjustable to any degree of deflection in the horizontal plane. The rear set of louvers 74 are parallel to the long dimension and are individually adjustable to any degree of deflection in the vertical plane. The louver~ are made of lightweight extruded aluminium and have a solld section. They have a depth of 3/4 inch. To the rear of the louvers 76 i8 the damper which comprises a number o opposed blades 78. The louvers and damper blades are mounted in a rectangular housing 80. The ho~sing has a front flange 82 extending about its periphery. The flange 82 a~sists in the mounting of the register and closes off the space between the epening in which the housing is mounted and the housing 80.
It will be particularly noted that each of the louvers in the register illustrated in Figures 5 to 7 is individually adjustable by hand. This permits such registers to provide any required direction of airflow ! !77306 through the register. By means of the front louvers 76, the airflow can be adjusted towards or away from either side of the hood and by means of the rear louvers 76 the airflow can be adjusted upwardly or downwardly. Greater side to side adjustment capability is provided by having the vertical louvers in front. In addition it should be noted that the opposed blade damper at the back of the register can be adjusted from the front side of the register without removal of the register from its opening.
The damper i9 adjusted by means of a key inserted in an opening located at 84. It will be appreciated that by means of the opposed blade damper it is possible to control the amount of airflow through the register as well as the direction of the airflow (done by means of the louvers).
In addition to the individual dampers located in the registers 70 and 72, there is a primary damper control in the front chamber 32. This primary damper 86 is located in the front chamber between the upper and lower sections 34 and 36 and it permits adjustment of the size of the passage betweèn these sections. Preferably this damper comprises two horizontal, adjustable opposed blade dampers extending in the lengthwise direction of the front chamber.
Eac'l of these blade dampers is mounted on a longitu~inally extending, central shaft 88. The end of each shaft 88 is rotatably mounted in a respective sidewall 26 or 28 by means of a sleeve bearing 90 (see Figure 9). It is advantageous to provide control means to open or close the primary damper 86 as desired from the exterior of the hood.
i~77306 Such control means avoid the need to remove one or more panels such as the inner walls 14 and 15 in order to gain access to the primary damper so that adjustments can be made. In the illustrated preferred embodiment of the invention, the primary damper 86 can be opened or closed by means of a handle 17 mounted on the outside of the hood as shown in Figure 9. If desired a handle 17 can be provided at each end af the hood as shown in Figure 4. These handles are connected directly to the end of one of the shafts 88.
Figure 8 illustrates one possible mechanism for rotating the two blades of the damper 86 in opposite directions. The mechanism includes two small connectors 95 that are mounted on top of one of the blades near the edge adjacent the other blade. Their location is indicated at 97 in Figure 9. There are two longer connecting arms 101 mounted on top of the other blade. The position of these arm~ is indicated also in Figure 9. Extending between the connectors 95 and the arms 101 is a rod 102 that is pivotally mounted at each end. Pivot pins 112 and 114 extend between the connectors 95 and the arms 101 for attachment of the rod 102. It will be readily seen that rotation of the left blade (as sec~ in Figure 9) in a clockwise direction will cause the right blade to rotate in a counterclockwise direction.
It will be appreciated that the primary damper 86 is an easily operated mechanism for controlling the relative amount of airflow flowing out of the upper and ~ ! 77306 lower sets of registers 70 and 72. If more airflow is desired through the lower register 72, the primary damper is opened further. Un~ess the amount of make-up air through duct 48 is increased, the opening of the primary damper will reduce the amount of airflow through the registers 70. Similarly if more ~irflow is desired through the upper registers 70 and less airflow through the registers 72, the primary damper is moved closer to the closed position (the latter position being illuserated in Figure 2).
Another important feature of the disclosed ventilation apparatus is the airflow-directing baffle 104 shown in Figure 1. This baffle is located along the bottom edge of the front wall 22 of the rear chamber. The baffle ~lopes downwardly and forwardly from the bottom edge into the central chamber, preferably at a 45 angle. The baffle extend~ the length of the hood and is at least 4 inches wide. If desired the baffle 104 can form part of the upper support 18 for the grease extractors. During operation of the ventilation apparatus 10, airflow through the upper registers 70 moves across the central region and strikes the front wall 22 above the baffle. Since the airflow cannot go up, ~he top of the central region being closed, it is directed back towards the centre of the central region by the baffle 104. The airflow then turns around and exits through the filter means 62. It will be seen that the sloping baffle 104 will remain relatively clean, not only because of the slope, but also because it is - ~ ! 7730fi continuously swept by the clean, fresh air entering through the registers 70. The baffle 104 helps to prevent the make-up air from following a short path directly from the registers 70 to the grease extractors at 62.
A desirable optional feature that can easily be incorporated into the ventilation apparatus 10 is shown in Figure 2. Mounted in the front wall 21 is a set of adjustable deflection registers 12 similar to the registers 70 and 72 already described. These registers provide air outlet means that permit fresh make-up air to enter directly into the room 52. This may be particularly desirable in warmer weather when the make-up air will not be cold. If desired the primary damper 86 can be closed completely to increase the flow of fresh air through the registers 12, ~nother optional feature that pQrm;ts the use of the registers 12 even in colder weather is an electric heater 13. This heater 13 is supported by an open framework 106 connected to the front wall 21. In the absence of such a heater, in colder weather the opposed blade damper in each register 12 is closed and the primary damper 86 is at least partially open.
In one specific embodiment of the ventilation apparatus, the hood has a depth from front to back of 47 inches and a height of 30 inches measured from the top wall 24 downwardly. The length of the hood of course varies depending upon the particular installation. The size of the front chamber in the specific embodiment is 16 inches from front to back and the upper portion of the central I ~ 7730fi region 40 has the same width from front to back. The width of the rear chamber is 15 inches from front to back.
The illustrated system shown in the figures is a wall-type system in which the rear wall 20 lies against the 5 room wall. It will be appreciated that two of these hood systems can be placed back to back and suspended from a ceiling to provide an island-type hood. The function and operation of the island-t~pe system is identical with the wall-type, involving a duplication of components.
When the ventilation system of the invention is in~talled and hooked up to an exhaust fan and to a make-up air uni., the exhaust capacity should exceed the make-up air capacity of the unit. This will minimize cooking vapour spillage from beneath the hood. In one specific in~tallation of the applicant's ventilation apparatus, the total exhaust capacity i~ 4,340 cfm while the total make-up air capacity is 3,040 cfm.
Ae a fire safety feature, the openings 46 for the make-up air are provided with prescribed fire dampers.
The~e fire dampers 110 are mounted in the collars 19.
Preferably the dampers are self-closing stainless steel, double panel fire dampers activated by ULC listed fusable links rated at 280F.
While preferred embodiment~ of the invention have been shown and de~cribed, it will be understood that the applicant's have no intention of limiting the invention by such disclosure, but rather, the applicant intends to cover all modifications and alternate constructions falling , ~ 77306 within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Ventilation systems for removing smoke and grease-laden air from a cooking area are well known in the art. The simple, well known kitchen exhaust systems are - provided with a filter or a grease extractor located above the cooking area and a fan for drawing air from the cooXing area and through the ilter. The air which is drawn through the filter is exhausted to the outside through a ventilation duct.
Kitchen ventilation systems that provide make-up air to replace the air removed by the exhaust fan are also well known. If the exhausted air is replaced with untreated air from the outside, this can eliminate heating costs in the winter time.
Canadian Patent No. 1,093,374 issued January 13, 1981 to D.E. Overton, Jr. discloses a hood-type ventilation ~ystem that provides make-up air through a front chamber.
The hood is spaced above the cooking surface to define an open space therebetween. The hood has a top wall, a rear wall, sidewalls, and a forward wall while the bottom of the hood is open. The inner wall of the front chamber through which the make-up air is provided is perforated. The front chamber is divided into upper and lower portions by a series of opposed blade dampers. These blade dampers extend from the front wall of the hood to the perforated inner wall.
A deficiency in the known ventilation system taught by Canadian Patent No. 1,093,374 is that it is not possible to direct the airflow that is entering the central region of the hood through the perforated panels. It will be appreciated that the layout of the cooking appliances below the ventilation hood will differ and will depend upon the particular installation. Some cooking appliances require more make-up air and ventilation than others. Also the airflow in the room where the ventilation system is to be installed will also vary from one location to another.
For example the operation of an air conditioner in a room will change the airflow pattern considerably as compared to the condition that exists without the air conditioner.
Similarly if the heating system is in operation, this could cause a significant difference in the airflow pattern. In the known ventilation system taught by the aforementioned patent specification, it is only possible to vary the relative amounts of air flowing through the upper and lower perforated panel. The direction of the air coming through the small holes cannot be changed in any way.
Another difficulty wi'~ the ventilation apparatus taught by Canadian Patent No. 1,093,374 is that the make-up air flowing through the upper perforated panel tends to flow downwardly and directly to the grease filters.
Because of this fact, the make-up air i6 not constantly filling and sweeping the upper portion of the central ! ~ 7730 6 region. This in turn can cause grease deposits on the interior walls of the hood. The buildup of grease in such areas is unsightly and can be a fire hazard.
Another difficulty with the Xnown hood is that the opposed blade dampers in the front chamber cannot be adjusted from the exterior of the hood. It is necessary to remove the inner perforated panels in order to gain access to the blade dampers and to adjust the same.
Further the known ventilation system uses a large number of opposed blade dampers, the precise number depending upon the length of the hood. Such dampers require a significant amount of regular maintenance if they are to work properly.
According to one aspect of the i~vention a ventilation apparatus for a cooking area includes a hood device having top, front and rear walls and adapted for mounting above the cooking area. A front chamber in the hood device located adjacent the front wall, has an upper section and a lower section. A rear chamber in the hood device i~ located adjacent the rear wall. Both front and rèar chambers extend horizontally from one side of the hood device to the other side. A central region is located between the fr^~t and rear chambers and has an open bottom end and a top end closed by the top wall. Attachment means are provided for mounting filter means capable of cleaning exhaust air passing through the rear chamber. At least one air outlet i8 provided in an exterior wall of the rear chamber for the withdrawal of exhaust air. At least one ~ ~ 77306 air inlet means is provided in an exterior wall of the front chamber for the introduction of make-up air into this chamber. A blade damper has two elongate, opposed blades extending parallel the front wall and from one side of the hood device to the other. The blades are pivotably mounted in the front chamber between the upper and lower sections.
First register means are located in an inner wall dividing the upper section of the front chamber from the central region. Second register means are located in an inner wall dividing the lower section of the front chamber from the central re~ion. In operation of the apparatus make-up air flows downwardly and inwardly from the second register meanc into an open space between the hood device and the cooking area. Both the first and second register means have mean~ for adjusting the airflow therethrough.
~t,B .
I ~ 77306 According to another embodiment of the invention, a ventilation apparatus for a cooking area comprises a hood device having a top wall! sidewalls and a substantially open bottom and adapted for mounting above said cooking area; a front chamber in said hood device located adjacent a front sidewall of said device, said chamber having an upper section and a lower section and being adapted to provide make-up air; a rear chamber in said hood device located adjacent said rear wall and adapted to remove smoke-laden air from said cooking area; a central region located between the front and rear chambers, having an open bottom end, and having a top end closed by said top wall;
blade damper means having two elongate, opposed blades extending parallel to said front sidewall and from one side of said hood device to the opposite side, said opposed blades being pivotally mounted in said front chamber between said upper and lower sections; upper and lower passage means to permit airflow from said upper section and said lower section respectively into said central region;
and wherein said damper means provide means or controlling the relative amount of airflow flowing out of said upper and lower passage means.
In the preferred embodiment there is a control handle to open or close the opposed blade damper in the front chamber. This control handle is located on the exterior of the hood device.
The preferred first and second register means each have means for adjusting the airflow direction towards ! ~773~
or away from either side of the hood and means for adjusting the airflow upwardly or downwardly. In addition these registers are provided with opposed blade dampers so that the volume of airflow through each individual register can be controlled.
The sloping baffle at the bottom of the front wall of the rear chamber preferably has a width of 4 inches and 610pes at a 45~ angle to the horizontal. The preferred baffle i8 located along the upper edge of the filters or grease extractor~ located at the bottom of the rear chamber. These extractors are mounted at a 45 angle to the horizontal and extend upwardly and inwardly from the rear wall of the hood.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be de~cribed, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation along the line I-I of Figure 4 Figure 2 is a sectional elevation similar to Figure 1 of a second embodiment of the hood device but showing only the left hand side which comprises the chamber for delivery of make-up air;
Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a system employing a ventilation apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention;
Figure 4 is a plan view of the hood shown in Figure l;
I ~ 77306 Figure 5 is a front view of one of the registers used in the hood of Figure l;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of Figure 5;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of Figure 5;
Figure 8 is a detail view showing a rod and arm connection for operating the long opposed blade dampers used in the front chamber of the hood; and Figure 9 is a detail view showing the front portion of the side o the hood of Figure 1 and a handle for operating the long blade dampers.
A ventilation apparatus 10 for a cooking area is shown in Figures 1 and 3 of the drawings. The ventilation apparatus comprises a hood device having a top wall 24, a front wall 21, and a rear wall 20. There are also two sidewalls 26 and 28. The hood device is adapted for mounting above a cooking area 30 as ~hown in Figure 3.
Hangers 11 attached to the top wall 24 of the hood provide means for mounting the hood on the ceiling above the cooking area.
The hood is divided into three chambers or regions as clearly shown in Figure 1. There is a front chamber 32 ~also called the maXe-up air chamber) located adjacent the front wall 21 of the hood. This front chamber is in turn divided into an upper section 34 and a lower section 36. The hood also has a rear chamber or exhaust chamber 38 located adjacent the rear wall 20. It will be - l9 ~ ~
! .! 77306 appreciated that both the front and rear chambers 32 and 38 extend horizontally from one sidewall 26 of the hood to the other sidewall 28. The third region of the hood is a central region 40 located between the front and rear chambers and having an open bottom end 42 and a top end 44 closed by the top wall 24.
The construction of the front chamber 32 will now be explained in greater detail with reference to Figures 1 and 3. It should be appreciated that the front chamber 32 acts as a plenum for the delivery of fresh air or make-up air to the central region 40 of the hood. The front - chamber is connected through two openings 46 located in the top wall 24 to a duct 48 which leads to an intake fan and filter assembly 50. The assembly 50 is disposed outside of the room 52 shown in Figure 3. This assembly collects and moves fresh air from outside the room through the duct 48 and into the front chamber 32.
The walls forming the front chamber include the front wall 21, a relatively short, horizontal bottom wall 54, a sloping inner wall 15, and a vertical inner wall 14.
These walls can be constructed with 18 ga~ge stainless steel or galvanized steel. The ends of the front chamber are closed in by means of the sidewalls 26 and 28 of the hood. The front wall 21 and the bottom wall 54 are insulated because of the temperature difference between the fresh make-up air and the air in the room 52. The insulation can comprise foil faced flexible insulation that is 1 inch thick. It will be appreciated that the make-up air may be ~uite cold during the operation of the hood in the winter time. A collar 19 is preferably mounted around the periphery of each opening 46 to provide a suitable connection for the duct or ducts 48. These collars are preferably welded in place t~ provide an airtight connection.
The rear chamber 38 forms an exhaust plenum to remove the air from the hood to the atmosphere outside the room. The rear chamber 38 is connected through two openings 56 to a duct or ducts 58 leading to an exhaust fan at 60. I the hood is shorter than that shown in Figure 4, one opening 56 may suffice. The exhaust fan 60 is preferably disposed outside of the room 52 as shown in Figure 3. Collars 16 are provided around the two openings 56 to provide means for connecting the duct or ducts S8.
The rear chamber 38 is defined by the rear wall 20 of the hood, an inner vertical wall 22, the top wall 24 and Silter means 62 across the bottom of the chamber. The ends or sidewalls of the rear chamber are provided by the walls 26 and 28 of the hood. The filter means 62 preferably comprise well known aluminium grease extractors that can be removed from the supports 18 for cleaning. The filter means are arranged at a 45 angle to the horizontal.
The supports 18 comprise upper and lower brackets that extend from one side of the hood to the other. Disposed below the bottom edge of the grease extractors is a grease trough 64 for catching any extra grease that drips off the extractors. Any accumulation of liquid grease in the ~ ! 77306 trough 64 flows down the trough to a grease pan (not shown) at one end of the hood.
One or more electric lights can be provided in the hood to provide lighting for the cooking area. These lights 66 should be approved vapour proof fixtures suitable for an installation of this type. In the relatively long hood shown in the drawings two of these lights 66 have been provided.
Register means are provided for the flow of make-up air from the front chamber 32 into the central region 40 and into an open space 68 between the hood device and the cooking area 30. In the illustrated hood there are two separate sets of register means to provide the necessary airflow. The first or upper register means 70 are located in the inner wall 14 that divides the upper section 34 of the front chamber from the central region.
The second or lower register means 72 are located in the sloping inner wall 15 that divides the lower section 36 of the front chamber from the central region. The second register means 72 permits make-up air to flow downwardly and inwardly from the lower section into the open space 68.
As will be explained hereinafter, both the first and second register means 70 and 72 have separate means for adjusting the airflow therethrough. As can be seen from Figure 4, in a large hood such as that shown in this figure, there can be four separate registers forming the register means 70.
Similarly there can be four separate registers forming the register means 72. The individual registers are evenly ` I ! 773~ 6 distributed along the length of the hood. In one particular embodiment of the ventilation apparatus of this invention, these registers each measure 6 inches wide by 30 inches long and have a depth of almost 4 inches. ~Suitable registers that can be used in the hood device of this invention are those sold under the trade mark TITUS and in particular model S-277. Such a register is illustrated in Figures 5 to 7 of the drawings. The register has two sets of airfoil louvers mounted in front of an opposed blade damper. The front set of louvers 76 in the illustrated embodiment are parallel to the short dimension and are , individually adjustable to any degree of deflection in the horizontal plane. The rear set of louvers 74 are parallel to the long dimension and are individually adjustable to any degree of deflection in the vertical plane. The louver~ are made of lightweight extruded aluminium and have a solld section. They have a depth of 3/4 inch. To the rear of the louvers 76 i8 the damper which comprises a number o opposed blades 78. The louvers and damper blades are mounted in a rectangular housing 80. The ho~sing has a front flange 82 extending about its periphery. The flange 82 a~sists in the mounting of the register and closes off the space between the epening in which the housing is mounted and the housing 80.
It will be particularly noted that each of the louvers in the register illustrated in Figures 5 to 7 is individually adjustable by hand. This permits such registers to provide any required direction of airflow ! !77306 through the register. By means of the front louvers 76, the airflow can be adjusted towards or away from either side of the hood and by means of the rear louvers 76 the airflow can be adjusted upwardly or downwardly. Greater side to side adjustment capability is provided by having the vertical louvers in front. In addition it should be noted that the opposed blade damper at the back of the register can be adjusted from the front side of the register without removal of the register from its opening.
The damper i9 adjusted by means of a key inserted in an opening located at 84. It will be appreciated that by means of the opposed blade damper it is possible to control the amount of airflow through the register as well as the direction of the airflow (done by means of the louvers).
In addition to the individual dampers located in the registers 70 and 72, there is a primary damper control in the front chamber 32. This primary damper 86 is located in the front chamber between the upper and lower sections 34 and 36 and it permits adjustment of the size of the passage betweèn these sections. Preferably this damper comprises two horizontal, adjustable opposed blade dampers extending in the lengthwise direction of the front chamber.
Eac'l of these blade dampers is mounted on a longitu~inally extending, central shaft 88. The end of each shaft 88 is rotatably mounted in a respective sidewall 26 or 28 by means of a sleeve bearing 90 (see Figure 9). It is advantageous to provide control means to open or close the primary damper 86 as desired from the exterior of the hood.
i~77306 Such control means avoid the need to remove one or more panels such as the inner walls 14 and 15 in order to gain access to the primary damper so that adjustments can be made. In the illustrated preferred embodiment of the invention, the primary damper 86 can be opened or closed by means of a handle 17 mounted on the outside of the hood as shown in Figure 9. If desired a handle 17 can be provided at each end af the hood as shown in Figure 4. These handles are connected directly to the end of one of the shafts 88.
Figure 8 illustrates one possible mechanism for rotating the two blades of the damper 86 in opposite directions. The mechanism includes two small connectors 95 that are mounted on top of one of the blades near the edge adjacent the other blade. Their location is indicated at 97 in Figure 9. There are two longer connecting arms 101 mounted on top of the other blade. The position of these arm~ is indicated also in Figure 9. Extending between the connectors 95 and the arms 101 is a rod 102 that is pivotally mounted at each end. Pivot pins 112 and 114 extend between the connectors 95 and the arms 101 for attachment of the rod 102. It will be readily seen that rotation of the left blade (as sec~ in Figure 9) in a clockwise direction will cause the right blade to rotate in a counterclockwise direction.
It will be appreciated that the primary damper 86 is an easily operated mechanism for controlling the relative amount of airflow flowing out of the upper and ~ ! 77306 lower sets of registers 70 and 72. If more airflow is desired through the lower register 72, the primary damper is opened further. Un~ess the amount of make-up air through duct 48 is increased, the opening of the primary damper will reduce the amount of airflow through the registers 70. Similarly if more ~irflow is desired through the upper registers 70 and less airflow through the registers 72, the primary damper is moved closer to the closed position (the latter position being illuserated in Figure 2).
Another important feature of the disclosed ventilation apparatus is the airflow-directing baffle 104 shown in Figure 1. This baffle is located along the bottom edge of the front wall 22 of the rear chamber. The baffle ~lopes downwardly and forwardly from the bottom edge into the central chamber, preferably at a 45 angle. The baffle extend~ the length of the hood and is at least 4 inches wide. If desired the baffle 104 can form part of the upper support 18 for the grease extractors. During operation of the ventilation apparatus 10, airflow through the upper registers 70 moves across the central region and strikes the front wall 22 above the baffle. Since the airflow cannot go up, ~he top of the central region being closed, it is directed back towards the centre of the central region by the baffle 104. The airflow then turns around and exits through the filter means 62. It will be seen that the sloping baffle 104 will remain relatively clean, not only because of the slope, but also because it is - ~ ! 7730fi continuously swept by the clean, fresh air entering through the registers 70. The baffle 104 helps to prevent the make-up air from following a short path directly from the registers 70 to the grease extractors at 62.
A desirable optional feature that can easily be incorporated into the ventilation apparatus 10 is shown in Figure 2. Mounted in the front wall 21 is a set of adjustable deflection registers 12 similar to the registers 70 and 72 already described. These registers provide air outlet means that permit fresh make-up air to enter directly into the room 52. This may be particularly desirable in warmer weather when the make-up air will not be cold. If desired the primary damper 86 can be closed completely to increase the flow of fresh air through the registers 12, ~nother optional feature that pQrm;ts the use of the registers 12 even in colder weather is an electric heater 13. This heater 13 is supported by an open framework 106 connected to the front wall 21. In the absence of such a heater, in colder weather the opposed blade damper in each register 12 is closed and the primary damper 86 is at least partially open.
In one specific embodiment of the ventilation apparatus, the hood has a depth from front to back of 47 inches and a height of 30 inches measured from the top wall 24 downwardly. The length of the hood of course varies depending upon the particular installation. The size of the front chamber in the specific embodiment is 16 inches from front to back and the upper portion of the central I ~ 7730fi region 40 has the same width from front to back. The width of the rear chamber is 15 inches from front to back.
The illustrated system shown in the figures is a wall-type system in which the rear wall 20 lies against the 5 room wall. It will be appreciated that two of these hood systems can be placed back to back and suspended from a ceiling to provide an island-type hood. The function and operation of the island-t~pe system is identical with the wall-type, involving a duplication of components.
When the ventilation system of the invention is in~talled and hooked up to an exhaust fan and to a make-up air uni., the exhaust capacity should exceed the make-up air capacity of the unit. This will minimize cooking vapour spillage from beneath the hood. In one specific in~tallation of the applicant's ventilation apparatus, the total exhaust capacity i~ 4,340 cfm while the total make-up air capacity is 3,040 cfm.
Ae a fire safety feature, the openings 46 for the make-up air are provided with prescribed fire dampers.
The~e fire dampers 110 are mounted in the collars 19.
Preferably the dampers are self-closing stainless steel, double panel fire dampers activated by ULC listed fusable links rated at 280F.
While preferred embodiment~ of the invention have been shown and de~cribed, it will be understood that the applicant's have no intention of limiting the invention by such disclosure, but rather, the applicant intends to cover all modifications and alternate constructions falling , ~ 77306 within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (13)
1. A ventilation apparatus for a cooking area comprising:
a hood device having top, front, side and rear walls and adapted for mounting above the cooking area;
a front chamber in said hood device located adjacent said front wall, said front chamber having an upper section and a lower section;
at least one air inlet means in an exterior wall of said front chamber for the introduction of make-up air into said front chamber;
a rear chamber in said hood device located adjacent said rear wall, both said front and rear chambers extending horizontally from one side of the hood device to the other side;
a central region located between the front and rear chambers and having an open bottom end and a top end closed by said top wall;
attachment means for mounting filter means capable of cleaning exhaust air passing through said rear chamber;
at least one air outlet in an exterior wall of said rear chamber through which exhaust air can be drawn out;
blade damper means having two elongate, opposed blades extending parallel to said front wall and from one side of said hood device to the opposite side, said opposed blades being pivotally mounted in said front chamber between said upper and lower sections;
first register means located in an inner wall dividing said upper section of said front chamber from said central region;
second register means located in an inner wall dividing said lower section of said front chamber from said central region and permitting make-up air to flow downwardly and inwardly from said lower section into an open space between the hood device and said cooking area, both said first and second register means having separate means for adjusting airflow therethrough; and wherein said damper means provide means for controlling the relative amount of airflow flowing out of said first and second register means.
a hood device having top, front, side and rear walls and adapted for mounting above the cooking area;
a front chamber in said hood device located adjacent said front wall, said front chamber having an upper section and a lower section;
at least one air inlet means in an exterior wall of said front chamber for the introduction of make-up air into said front chamber;
a rear chamber in said hood device located adjacent said rear wall, both said front and rear chambers extending horizontally from one side of the hood device to the other side;
a central region located between the front and rear chambers and having an open bottom end and a top end closed by said top wall;
attachment means for mounting filter means capable of cleaning exhaust air passing through said rear chamber;
at least one air outlet in an exterior wall of said rear chamber through which exhaust air can be drawn out;
blade damper means having two elongate, opposed blades extending parallel to said front wall and from one side of said hood device to the opposite side, said opposed blades being pivotally mounted in said front chamber between said upper and lower sections;
first register means located in an inner wall dividing said upper section of said front chamber from said central region;
second register means located in an inner wall dividing said lower section of said front chamber from said central region and permitting make-up air to flow downwardly and inwardly from said lower section into an open space between the hood device and said cooking area, both said first and second register means having separate means for adjusting airflow therethrough; and wherein said damper means provide means for controlling the relative amount of airflow flowing out of said first and second register means.
2. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 1 including control means to open or close said damper means as desired, said control means being operable from the exterior of said hood device.
3. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said first and second register means both have means for adjusting the direction of airflow passing therethrough and means for adjusting the amount of airflow therethrough.
4. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 1, 2, or 3 including an airflow-directing baffle located along the bottom edge of an inner vertical wall forming the front wall of said rear chamber, said baffle sloping downwardly and forwardly from said bottom edge.
5. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein said second register means is mounted in a sloping inner wall that slopes downwardly and forwardly from a vertical inner wall in which said first register means is mounted.
6. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein said first and second register means are both adjustable from the exterior of said front chamber through the open bottom end of said central region.
7. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 1, 2, or 3 including filter means mounted at the bottom of said rear chamber by said attachment means, said filter means sloping upwardly and forwardly from said rear wall of said hood device.
8. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 1, 2, or 3 including closable air outlet means in the front wall of said hood device whereby when said air outlet means is open, make-up air can enter a room area in front of said cooking area directly from said front chamber.
9. A ventilation apparatus for a cooking area comprising:
a hood device having a top wall, sidewalls and a substantially open bottom and adapted for mounting above said cooking area;
a front chamber in said hood device located adjacent a front sidewall of said device, said chamber having an upper section and a lower section and being adapted to provide make-up air;
a rear chamber in said hood device located adjacent said rear wall and adapted to remove smoke-laden air from said cooking area;
a central region located between the front and rear chambers, having an open bottom end, and having a top end closed by said top wall;
blade damper means having two elongate, opposed blades extending parallel to said front sidewall and from one side of said hood device to the opposite side, said opposed blades being pivotally mounted in said front chamber between said upper and lower sections;
upper and lower passage means to permit airflow from said upper section and said lower section respectively into said central region; and wherein said damper means provide means for controlling the relative amount of airflow flowing out of said upper and lower passage means.
a hood device having a top wall, sidewalls and a substantially open bottom and adapted for mounting above said cooking area;
a front chamber in said hood device located adjacent a front sidewall of said device, said chamber having an upper section and a lower section and being adapted to provide make-up air;
a rear chamber in said hood device located adjacent said rear wall and adapted to remove smoke-laden air from said cooking area;
a central region located between the front and rear chambers, having an open bottom end, and having a top end closed by said top wall;
blade damper means having two elongate, opposed blades extending parallel to said front sidewall and from one side of said hood device to the opposite side, said opposed blades being pivotally mounted in said front chamber between said upper and lower sections;
upper and lower passage means to permit airflow from said upper section and said lower section respectively into said central region; and wherein said damper means provide means for controlling the relative amount of airflow flowing out of said upper and lower passage means.
10. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 9 including control means to open or close said damper means from the exterior of said hood device.
11. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 10 including a closable air outlet means in the front sidewall of said device whereby, when said air outlet means is open, make-up air can enter directly from said front chamber into a room area in front of said cooking area.
12. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 10, or 11 including rod means pivotally connected at each end to a respective blade whereby pivotal movement of one elongate blade about its longitudinal axis by said control means causes an opposite pivotal movement of the other blade.
13. A ventilation apparatus according to claim 10, or 11 wherein a front sidewall of said hood device is insulated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000405744A CA1177306A (en) | 1982-06-22 | 1982-06-22 | Kitchen ventilation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000405744A CA1177306A (en) | 1982-06-22 | 1982-06-22 | Kitchen ventilation system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1177306A true CA1177306A (en) | 1984-11-06 |
Family
ID=4123075
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000405744A Expired CA1177306A (en) | 1982-06-22 | 1982-06-22 | Kitchen ventilation system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1177306A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10471482B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2019-11-12 | Oy Halton Group Ltd. | Exhaust apparatus, system, and method for enhanced capture and containment |
| CN113982181A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-28 | 江阴市维沃保温材料有限公司 | Double-sided color steel inorganic silicon crystal smoke-preventing and exhaust air pipe plate and processing technology thereof |
-
1982
- 1982-06-22 CA CA000405744A patent/CA1177306A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10471482B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2019-11-12 | Oy Halton Group Ltd. | Exhaust apparatus, system, and method for enhanced capture and containment |
| CN113982181A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-28 | 江阴市维沃保温材料有限公司 | Double-sided color steel inorganic silicon crystal smoke-preventing and exhaust air pipe plate and processing technology thereof |
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