CA1170968A - Retroreflective fiber and method of making same - Google Patents
Retroreflective fiber and method of making sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1170968A CA1170968A CA000377952A CA377952A CA1170968A CA 1170968 A CA1170968 A CA 1170968A CA 000377952 A CA000377952 A CA 000377952A CA 377952 A CA377952 A CA 377952A CA 1170968 A CA1170968 A CA 1170968A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- retroreflective
- film
- fiber
- further characterized
- polyester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Abstract
WASSERMAN, Allan RETROREFLECTIVE FIBER AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
Abstract of the Disclosure A thread-like continuous retroreflective fiber and method of making same, comprising the steps of laminating a thin film of retroreflective material to a supporting polyester film, and then slitting the laminate to form narrow strips of retroreflective material having sufficient strength to be combined with other fibers to form a composite yarn having retroreflective characteristics, which composite yarn may then be woven, knitted, or spun to provide a fabric having retroreflective characteristics.
Abstract of the Disclosure A thread-like continuous retroreflective fiber and method of making same, comprising the steps of laminating a thin film of retroreflective material to a supporting polyester film, and then slitting the laminate to form narrow strips of retroreflective material having sufficient strength to be combined with other fibers to form a composite yarn having retroreflective characteristics, which composite yarn may then be woven, knitted, or spun to provide a fabric having retroreflective characteristics.
Description
1 17(::96~3 .
Back~round and Summary of the Invention By definition a retroreflective material is a material which when engaged by a beam of light will reflect the li~ht directly back to the location of the light source. Such a material is commonly used in roadways and aircraft runways to define the outer edges and/or center line of the roadway so that when engaged by headlights of a vehicle at night, the operator of the vehicle will be able to visually perceive and determine the roadway edges and/or center line.
Retroreflective material is also marketed in the form of a thin film, usually with an adhesive backing on one surface thereof, whereby the retroreflective film may be adhered to a person's clothing for safety purposes, i.e.
to make that person more readily discernible at night by the headlights of approaching vehicles, or for securing to any other surface where retroreflective characteristics are desired, such as roadsigns, etc. U. S. Patent No. 3,849,804 dated November 26, 1974; No. 3,276,416 dated October 4, 1966,and No. 3,499,416 dated March 10, 1970, are representative of prior art patents that suggest the attachment of light reflecting material to clothing, automobiles, safety belts, etc., although it is not clear whether the reflective material used in these
Back~round and Summary of the Invention By definition a retroreflective material is a material which when engaged by a beam of light will reflect the li~ht directly back to the location of the light source. Such a material is commonly used in roadways and aircraft runways to define the outer edges and/or center line of the roadway so that when engaged by headlights of a vehicle at night, the operator of the vehicle will be able to visually perceive and determine the roadway edges and/or center line.
Retroreflective material is also marketed in the form of a thin film, usually with an adhesive backing on one surface thereof, whereby the retroreflective film may be adhered to a person's clothing for safety purposes, i.e.
to make that person more readily discernible at night by the headlights of approaching vehicles, or for securing to any other surface where retroreflective characteristics are desired, such as roadsigns, etc. U. S. Patent No. 3,849,804 dated November 26, 1974; No. 3,276,416 dated October 4, 1966,and No. 3,499,416 dated March 10, 1970, are representative of prior art patents that suggest the attachment of light reflecting material to clothing, automobiles, safety belts, etc., although it is not clear whether the reflective material used in these
-2- ~ ' 117V~6~3 .:
patents is actually retroreflective material.
In any event, there are numerous disadvantages . to having to secure a light reflecting film to fabric material, and specifically, a problem exists in effecting a secure attachment of the film to the fabric because of the flexibility of the latter, there is always the danger that the film will inadvertently become detached, and additionally one must necessarily suffer the expense and inconvenience of spearately purchasing the light reflective film, and then going through the steps of cutting the reflective film to the desired size or configuration and then attaching it to the fabric or garment, etc.
It therefore would be highly desirable to provide a yarn which includes as a part thereof retroreflective fibers so that when said yarn is woven, knit~ed or spun to provide a finished fabric and/or garment, the latter will inherently have retroreflective characteristics. Such garments would have obvious utility for persons who jog in the nightti~e, policemen on traffic duty in heavily congested areas at nighttine, etc. The problem, however, is that the retroreflective film presently being marketed does not have sufficicnt body or strength so as to be effect-ively handled if cut or slit into the form of elongated strands of fibers. Specifically, the elasticity of the material ~17(~96~
as well as the inherent weakness thereof preclude effective use of such strands, even as part of a composite yar-n, for conventional weaving, knitting, spinning, etc.
It is therefore the primary object of the present invention to provide a method of making a continuous thread-like fiber of retroreflective material which nevertheless has sufficient strength and body so that it may be effectively combined with other fibers to provide a composite yarn which has retroreflective characteristics, which composite yarn may then be conventionally woven, knitted or spun to provide a fabric or garment having retroreflective characteristics.
The present invention, therefore, may be considered as providing a retroreflective thread-like fiber comprising a first elongated strand of a thin film of retroreflective material consisting of a plurality of exposed minute glass beads bonded in a flexible elastomeric material and a second elongated strand of a thin flexible support.ing film adhered.
to the retroreflective material so as to provide a laminate defined by the retroreflective material on one surface and the supporting film on the opposite surface.
Furthermore, the present invention may be considered as providing a method of making a thread-like continuous fiber having retroreflective characteristics and having sufficient structural strength to permit it to be effectively used during knitting, weaving or spinnlng of a composite yarn or fabric consisting of the following steps: (A) providing a thin film of retroreflective material consisting of a plurality of sd/~ -4-117~9~
exposed minute glass beads bonded in a flexible elastomeric material; (B) la~,inating thereto a thin flexible supporting film so as to provide a laminate defined by the retro-reflective material on one surface and the supporting film on the opposite surface; and (C) slitting the laminate into elongated thread-like fibers.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention shall become apparent as the description thereof proceeds when considered in connection with the accompanying ~l~lustrative drawings.
sd/~ -4A-Description of the Drawing In the drawing which illustrates the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the present invention:
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the process for forming the thread-like retroreflective fiber of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view, on a greatly enlarged scale, showing the retroreflective fiber per se;
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of apparatus for combining a retroreflectivefiber of the presen. invention with another fiber for providing a composite yarn having retroreflective characteristics; and Fig. 4 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the yarn per se produced by the apparatus of Fig. 3.
117~968 Description of the Invention Referring now to the drawing, and more particularly to Fig. 1, a first roller 10 carries and feeds a supply of a thin retroreflective film 12, such as the retroreflective film presently being marketed by the r,~
3M Company and identified as ~t8710 Scotch Lite brand transfer film.
The retroreflective film 12 preferably has a thickness of approximately 5 mils and is provided with an adhesive, either of the pressure or heat sensitive type, on surface 14 thereof. A similar roller 16 carries and feeds a thin polyester film 18, such as Mylar (Dupont trademark), the thickness of which is preferably in the range of 1/2 mil.
As will be noted, the film 18, which is of the same width as the film 12 and is aligned therewith, is brought into intimate contact with adhesive surface 14 of the retroreflective film 12 by rollers 22 and then the two layers of film are passed between pressure rollers 24, 26 which firmly adhere the supporting film 18 to the retroreflective film 12. It will be understood that if heat is required to effect the desired securement of film 18 to the film 12, then the rollers 24, 26 may be heated rollers. The now laminated film 28 then passes to any conventional slitting or cutting apparatus 30 which apparatus slits or cuts the laminated film 28 into thin strands or fibers 32 which are then received and stored on 1~7~396~3 spools 34. The width of the strands or fibers 32 may vary but will normally be somewhere in the range 1/16 of an inch to 1/100 of an inch.
In order to enhance the reflective characteristics of the strand or fiber 32, as well as the aesthetics thereof, the supporting film 18 may be metallized on one or both of its surfaces. If metallized on only one surface, then obviously the non-metallized surface is the surface that would be adhered to surface 14 of retroreflective film 12.
It will be understood that the retroreflective film 12 is frequently marketed with carrier and/or release films on opposite sides thereof. In this connection the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 may also comprise means (not shown) for automatically separating and removing the carrier and/or release films from the retroreflective material 12 prior to the lamination of such material to the supporting polyester film 18.
It will be understood that the supporting polyester film 18 provides sufficient body and strength to the laminated strand or fiber 32 so that the latter may effectively be used in the weaving, knitting, or spinning of fabrics. Although it is conceivable that a fabric could be made entirely of the retroreflective strands 32, the preferable procedure is to combine the retroreflective s~rand 117~6 !3 .:
~ith any other textile strand, either synthetic or non-synthetic, in order to provide a composite yarn having retroreflective characteristics. Fig. 3 illustrates the continuous retroreflective fiber 32 being twisted or otherwise combined with another nonreflective fiber 36 to provide a composite yarn 38 shown in detail in ~ig. 4.
It should also be noted that the retroreflective strand or fiber 32 constructed in accordance with the present invention may be utilized in the same apparatus and method disclosed and discribed in my patent No. 3,382,655 dated May 14, 1968. Specifically, the exact same apparatus and method would be employed, except that instead of utilizing the metallic yarn 17 ln my aforesaid patent, the retroreflective yarn 32 would be substituted in place thereof. In either I5 case, the resultant yarn would have sufficient retroreflective fibers therein so as to acheive the desired retroreflective characteristics. The composite yarn would then be used to produce any desired fabric or article of apparel, such as by conventional weaving, knitting or spinning techniques, and the end product would likewise possess,as an integral and inherent part thereof, the desired retroreflective characteristics.
~ lile there is shown and described herein certain specific structure embodying the invention, it will be 117~96~3 manifest to those skilled in the art that various modifications and rearrangements of the parts may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the underlying inventive concept and that the same is not limited to the particular forms herein shown and described except insofar as indicated ~y the scope of the appended claims,
patents is actually retroreflective material.
In any event, there are numerous disadvantages . to having to secure a light reflecting film to fabric material, and specifically, a problem exists in effecting a secure attachment of the film to the fabric because of the flexibility of the latter, there is always the danger that the film will inadvertently become detached, and additionally one must necessarily suffer the expense and inconvenience of spearately purchasing the light reflective film, and then going through the steps of cutting the reflective film to the desired size or configuration and then attaching it to the fabric or garment, etc.
It therefore would be highly desirable to provide a yarn which includes as a part thereof retroreflective fibers so that when said yarn is woven, knit~ed or spun to provide a finished fabric and/or garment, the latter will inherently have retroreflective characteristics. Such garments would have obvious utility for persons who jog in the nightti~e, policemen on traffic duty in heavily congested areas at nighttine, etc. The problem, however, is that the retroreflective film presently being marketed does not have sufficicnt body or strength so as to be effect-ively handled if cut or slit into the form of elongated strands of fibers. Specifically, the elasticity of the material ~17(~96~
as well as the inherent weakness thereof preclude effective use of such strands, even as part of a composite yar-n, for conventional weaving, knitting, spinning, etc.
It is therefore the primary object of the present invention to provide a method of making a continuous thread-like fiber of retroreflective material which nevertheless has sufficient strength and body so that it may be effectively combined with other fibers to provide a composite yarn which has retroreflective characteristics, which composite yarn may then be conventionally woven, knitted or spun to provide a fabric or garment having retroreflective characteristics.
The present invention, therefore, may be considered as providing a retroreflective thread-like fiber comprising a first elongated strand of a thin film of retroreflective material consisting of a plurality of exposed minute glass beads bonded in a flexible elastomeric material and a second elongated strand of a thin flexible support.ing film adhered.
to the retroreflective material so as to provide a laminate defined by the retroreflective material on one surface and the supporting film on the opposite surface.
Furthermore, the present invention may be considered as providing a method of making a thread-like continuous fiber having retroreflective characteristics and having sufficient structural strength to permit it to be effectively used during knitting, weaving or spinnlng of a composite yarn or fabric consisting of the following steps: (A) providing a thin film of retroreflective material consisting of a plurality of sd/~ -4-117~9~
exposed minute glass beads bonded in a flexible elastomeric material; (B) la~,inating thereto a thin flexible supporting film so as to provide a laminate defined by the retro-reflective material on one surface and the supporting film on the opposite surface; and (C) slitting the laminate into elongated thread-like fibers.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention shall become apparent as the description thereof proceeds when considered in connection with the accompanying ~l~lustrative drawings.
sd/~ -4A-Description of the Drawing In the drawing which illustrates the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the present invention:
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the process for forming the thread-like retroreflective fiber of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view, on a greatly enlarged scale, showing the retroreflective fiber per se;
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of apparatus for combining a retroreflectivefiber of the presen. invention with another fiber for providing a composite yarn having retroreflective characteristics; and Fig. 4 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the yarn per se produced by the apparatus of Fig. 3.
117~968 Description of the Invention Referring now to the drawing, and more particularly to Fig. 1, a first roller 10 carries and feeds a supply of a thin retroreflective film 12, such as the retroreflective film presently being marketed by the r,~
3M Company and identified as ~t8710 Scotch Lite brand transfer film.
The retroreflective film 12 preferably has a thickness of approximately 5 mils and is provided with an adhesive, either of the pressure or heat sensitive type, on surface 14 thereof. A similar roller 16 carries and feeds a thin polyester film 18, such as Mylar (Dupont trademark), the thickness of which is preferably in the range of 1/2 mil.
As will be noted, the film 18, which is of the same width as the film 12 and is aligned therewith, is brought into intimate contact with adhesive surface 14 of the retroreflective film 12 by rollers 22 and then the two layers of film are passed between pressure rollers 24, 26 which firmly adhere the supporting film 18 to the retroreflective film 12. It will be understood that if heat is required to effect the desired securement of film 18 to the film 12, then the rollers 24, 26 may be heated rollers. The now laminated film 28 then passes to any conventional slitting or cutting apparatus 30 which apparatus slits or cuts the laminated film 28 into thin strands or fibers 32 which are then received and stored on 1~7~396~3 spools 34. The width of the strands or fibers 32 may vary but will normally be somewhere in the range 1/16 of an inch to 1/100 of an inch.
In order to enhance the reflective characteristics of the strand or fiber 32, as well as the aesthetics thereof, the supporting film 18 may be metallized on one or both of its surfaces. If metallized on only one surface, then obviously the non-metallized surface is the surface that would be adhered to surface 14 of retroreflective film 12.
It will be understood that the retroreflective film 12 is frequently marketed with carrier and/or release films on opposite sides thereof. In this connection the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 may also comprise means (not shown) for automatically separating and removing the carrier and/or release films from the retroreflective material 12 prior to the lamination of such material to the supporting polyester film 18.
It will be understood that the supporting polyester film 18 provides sufficient body and strength to the laminated strand or fiber 32 so that the latter may effectively be used in the weaving, knitting, or spinning of fabrics. Although it is conceivable that a fabric could be made entirely of the retroreflective strands 32, the preferable procedure is to combine the retroreflective s~rand 117~6 !3 .:
~ith any other textile strand, either synthetic or non-synthetic, in order to provide a composite yarn having retroreflective characteristics. Fig. 3 illustrates the continuous retroreflective fiber 32 being twisted or otherwise combined with another nonreflective fiber 36 to provide a composite yarn 38 shown in detail in ~ig. 4.
It should also be noted that the retroreflective strand or fiber 32 constructed in accordance with the present invention may be utilized in the same apparatus and method disclosed and discribed in my patent No. 3,382,655 dated May 14, 1968. Specifically, the exact same apparatus and method would be employed, except that instead of utilizing the metallic yarn 17 ln my aforesaid patent, the retroreflective yarn 32 would be substituted in place thereof. In either I5 case, the resultant yarn would have sufficient retroreflective fibers therein so as to acheive the desired retroreflective characteristics. The composite yarn would then be used to produce any desired fabric or article of apparel, such as by conventional weaving, knitting or spinning techniques, and the end product would likewise possess,as an integral and inherent part thereof, the desired retroreflective characteristics.
~ lile there is shown and described herein certain specific structure embodying the invention, it will be 117~96~3 manifest to those skilled in the art that various modifications and rearrangements of the parts may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the underlying inventive concept and that the same is not limited to the particular forms herein shown and described except insofar as indicated ~y the scope of the appended claims,
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of making a thread-like continuous fiber having retroreflective characteristics and having sufficient structural strength to permit it to be effectively used during knitting, weaving or spinning of a composite yarn or fabric consisting of the following steps:
(A) Providing a thin film of retroreflective material consisting of a plurality of exposed minute glass beads bonded in a flexible elastomeric material;
(B) Laminating thereto a thin flexible supporting film so as to provide a laminate defined by said retroreflective material on one surface and said supporting film on the opposite surface; and (C) Slitting said laminate into elongated thread-like fibers.
(A) Providing a thin film of retroreflective material consisting of a plurality of exposed minute glass beads bonded in a flexible elastomeric material;
(B) Laminating thereto a thin flexible supporting film so as to provide a laminate defined by said retroreflective material on one surface and said supporting film on the opposite surface; and (C) Slitting said laminate into elongated thread-like fibers.
2. The method of claim 1 further characterized in that said thin flexible supporting film is a polyester.
3. The method of claim 2 further characterized in that said retroreflective film is approximately 10 times as thick as said polyester film.
4. The method of claim 3 further characterized in that said polyester film is approximately ? mil in thickness.
5. The method of claim 2 further characterized in that said polyester film is metallized.
6. A retroreflective thread-like fiber comprising a first elongated strand of a thin film of retroreflective material consisting of a plurality of exposed minute glass beads bonded in a flexible elastomeric material and a second elongated strand of a thin flexible supporting film adhered to said retroreflective material so as to provide a laminate defined by said retroreflective material on one surface and said supporting film on the opposite surface.
7. The fiber of claim 6 further characterized in that said thin flexible supporting film is a polyester.
8. The fiber of claim 7 further characterized in that said polyester strand is about ? mil in thickness and said retroreflective strand is about 5 mils thick.
9. The fiber of claims 7 or 8 further characterized in that said polyester strand is metallized.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000377952A CA1170968A (en) | 1981-05-20 | 1981-05-20 | Retroreflective fiber and method of making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000377952A CA1170968A (en) | 1981-05-20 | 1981-05-20 | Retroreflective fiber and method of making same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1170968A true CA1170968A (en) | 1984-07-17 |
Family
ID=4119997
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000377952A Expired CA1170968A (en) | 1981-05-20 | 1981-05-20 | Retroreflective fiber and method of making same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1170968A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114540968A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-05-27 | 勤伦股份有限公司 | Yarn made by cutting film material and thinning to improve physical property and its making method |
-
1981
- 1981-05-20 CA CA000377952A patent/CA1170968A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114540968A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-05-27 | 勤伦股份有限公司 | Yarn made by cutting film material and thinning to improve physical property and its making method |
| CN114540968B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | 勤伦股份有限公司 | Silk made of film material by cutting and refining to improve physical properties and preparation method thereof |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |